必修第二册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS(Word讲义)-【赢在微点·顶层设计】2026年高中英语高考一轮总复习过重点(人教版2019)

UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS 重点1　练学核心词汇 加黑体词语是必修第二册 UNIT 3 的词汇复现,如有遗忘请及时回顾。 　 教材里寻金　 1.The Vikings came in the eighth (eight) century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations (location) across the UK. 2.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 3.They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned (position) on the hill.  4.She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure (ensure) that it was delivered safely.  高考这样考　 1.　　　　 large amount of research confirms this finding.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)  答案与解析　A　此处是固定短语a large amount of“大量;许多”。 其他表示“许多”的短语归纳 ①接可数名词复数: a large/great/good number of、a great/good many、a good few/quite a few等。 ②接可数名词单数: many a+可数名词单数(作主语时谓语动词用单数), more than one+可数名词 数(作主语时谓语动词用单数)等。 ③接不可数名词: a great/good deal of、a great/large amount of、quite a little等。(作主语时谓语动词用单数) ④接可数名词/不可数名词: a lot of/lots of、a great/large quantity of、large quantities of、plenty of等。(谓语的数与quantity的数一致 2.If he seems a little 　　　　(defend), it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)  答案与解析　defensive　空处作表语,应用形容词,结合语境“他看上去有点戒备”可知,此处填defensive, 表“戒备的;怀有戒心的;自卫的”。 3.Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt 　　　　(announce) that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. (2024·浙江高考1月)  答案与解析　announced　空处在从句中作谓语,且与主句时态一致,应用一般过去时,填announced。 4.Hovering (悬停), she 　　　　(approach) within six inches of my face. For a very long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, 　　　　(turn) her head from side to side. (2023·浙江高考1月)  答案与解析　approached; turning　第一空作谓语,且与句中已有的谓语looked时态一致,应用一般过去时,填approached; 第二空作非谓语, creature与turn是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,填turning。 5.If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong 　　　　the same gym. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)  答案与解析　to　belong to “是……的成员”。 　 1.puzzle n. ①谜;智力游戏;疑问　vt. ②迷惑;使困惑 练基础　单句语法填空 ①His last painting was perhaps the most puzzling, which even puzzled the artists at that time. (puzzle) ②What the accountant has gone through remains a puzzle to us. ③He was trying to puzzle out how he could keep in shape. 微写作　续写神态描写 他站在窗边,脸上有种迷惑的表情。 ④He stood beside the window, with a puzzled look on his face. (with结构)  2.surround vt. ①环绕　②包围;围住 喜欢结交;喜欢身边总有 练基础　单句语法填空 ①There’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding (surround) environment. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) ②When she attempted to hold her ground, she was surrounded (surround) by several people. (Los Angeles Times)  ③Surrounded (surround) by trees and the sounds of birds, the property sits inside a gated complex, with plenty of gardens to escape from the hustle and bustle of the huge city. (The Times) ④Sometimes, when we’re not truly focused on our surroundings (surround), even the best of intentions might not suffice (足够). (Reader’s Digest) 微写作　续写活动场景描写 我靠着图书馆外的一堵砖墙坐着,低着头,周围都是吵吵嚷嚷的朋友,我正慢慢地与他们拉开距离。 ⑤I sat against a brick wall outside the library, head down, surrounded by my noisy friends that I was slowly distancing myself from.  3.approach n. ①方法;途径　②道路;路径 ③接近　④接洽 vt. & vi.　⑤靠近 vt.接洽;对付;着手处理 练基础　单句语法填空 ①He adopted a different approach to processing (process) the file. ②At the approach of the conference, soldiers were guarding the approaches (approach) to the city. ③Toward evening, as the blogger approached (approach) the stream, the sky was misty. ④Most of the residents find the teachers very approachable (approach). 微写作　应用文写作之博文 随着期末考试的临近,我急于向老师寻求建议。 ⑤With the final exam approaching/At the approach of the final exam, I am anxious to approach my teachers for advice.  4.break短语 用break相关短语的适当形式填空 ①The car parked nearby belonged to my neighbor, who broke away from his family to be independent.  ②When the famous actor appeared on the stage, the audience broke into thunderous applause.  ③Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the battle against cancer.  ④It was in a nightclub that a fire broke out, which made its owner break down.  　 Ⅰ.词形转换和动词形式变化 1.The author as well as the surfers 　　　　(fine) as they were charged with their 　　　　(legal) deal.  答案与解析　was fined; illegal　第一空作谓语,且与从句谓语时态一致,应用一般过去时,as well as连接两个并列主语,谓语与The author一致,且The author与fine是被动关系,故第一空填was fined;第二空修饰名词deal,应用形容词,结合语境“被罚款”可知,此处指违法交易,故填legal的反义词illegal。 2.　　　　 (evident), the cashier amazes me with his inspiration and desire to start with smaller, easily 　　　　(achieve) goals.  答案与解析　Evidently; achievable　第一空作状语,修饰全句,应用副词,空处置于句首,首字母大写,填Evidently;第二空作定语,修饰名词goals,表“可实现的”,填achievable。 3.The resident on the 　　　　(ocean) island treated them with 　　　　(generous) and thoughtfulness, 　　　　(ensure) that they could feel at home.  答案与解析　oceanic; generosity; ensuring　第一空作定语,修饰名词island,应用形容词,表“海洋的;大海的”,填oceanic;第二空在句中作介词with的宾语,应填名词,表“慷慨;大方”,填generosity;第三空作状语,此处表自然而然的结果,应用现在分词,填ensuring。 4.Before attending a 　　　　(crowd) event, he accessed the grand mansion 　　　　(locate) nearby the gallery. He invited Mary, but her answer 　　　　(amount) to a complete refusal.  答案与解析　crowded; located; amounted　第一空在句中作定语,修饰名词event,表“拥挤的”,填形容词crowded;第二空为非谓语,locate “把……安置在(或建造于)”与mansion是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,填located;第三空作谓语,且与前一句时态一致,应用一般过去时,填amounted。amount to“等同于”。 5.After a 　　　　(poet) and fascinating experience, they emerged from the forest, and found themselves 　　　　(greet) by the familiar city lights that twinkled in the distance.  答案与解析　poetic; greeted　第一空作定语,修饰名词experience,表“有诗意的”,填形容词poetic;第二空在“find +oneself+宾补”结构中作宾补,greet与themselves是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作宾补,greeted。 6.The lion sprang from the bush, 　　　　(roar) angrily. After 　　　　(battle) with it, the hunters finally killed it.  答案与解析　roaring; battling　第一空在句中作状语,应用非谓语动词, The lion与roar是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语,填roaring;第二空在句中作介词After的宾语,应填动名词battling。 7.She listens not just with sympathy, but with something much deeper, a pure 　　　　(eager) to let this sad man—who had earned a 　　　　(strike) amount of annual income—fill her with sadness. (Reader’s Digest)  答案与解析　eagerness; striking　分析句子结构可知,a pure 　　 something much deeper的同位语,空前是冠词a+形容词pure,故空处填名词eagerness;第二空作定语,修饰名词amount,应用形容词,表“引人注目的;异乎寻常的;显著的”,填striking。 Ⅱ.串记一词多义,推测派生词汇 一词多义(roll) a.(使)翻滚,滚动　b.(使)翻身,翻转　c.使……成球状(或管状)　d.(使)原地转圈,原地打转　e.发出持续的声音　f.(使)滚动　g.把(衣服的边)卷起来 1.Thunder ①rolled and clouds gathered. As her car ②rolled slowly forwards, her eyes ③rolled and she found a ball ④rolling along the street. On arriving home, she ⑤rolled her jeans to her knees, ⑥rolled up the carpet and got down to cleaning up the room. He ⑦rolled onto his back and fell fast asleep. ①　e　　②　f　　③　d　　④　a　 ⑤　g　　⑥　c　　⑦　b　  ◆敲黑板 诵读领悟roll的含义,并灵活仿用,用于续写之中。 派生词汇 2.Dr Catherine Wikholm, a UK-based clinical psychologist, suggests that any short break from constant stress will help. “Do some activities that help to release physical tension and leave you feeling relaxed and recharged,” she says. (Reader’s Digest) 　　　  答案与解析　精力充沛的　re-再;又+charge(给……充电)→recharge v. 给(电池)充电;充电; 恢复体力;恢复精力→recharged adj. 精力充沛的。 Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配 　　Large amounts of ancient karst formations ①have been sculpted (sculpt) by wind and water and millions of years of erosion into ②strikingly (striking) beautiful natural sculptures.  As a rock climber, you look at these rock formations and you can’t help but be inspired. For me, it’s important not just to go and see these amazing ③landscapes (landscape) but to interact with them. To get to climb on them is just the experience of the lifetime. The stone here offers up gymnastic, athletic movement. Plus, it can also be ④a feast for the eye. This is what we love to do—to come to these beautiful natural ⑤surroundings (surround) and climb and explore and push ourselves mentally and physically. China is relatively unexplored and new to climbers ⑥as well as to adventurers eager ⑦to see (see) something fascinating.  These limestone karsts are some of the most beautiful rock formations in the world. You go into a landscape like this, ⑧which affects you and changes you as a person. It inspires you. 重点2　热考句式和单元语法 加黑体词语是必修第二册 UNIT 4 的词汇复现,如有遗忘请及时回顾。 教材里寻金　 1.Judy had her eyes fixed (fix) on Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach (approach) the painting as there were so many people around.  2.With all its beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that/which include music, dancing and dining. 3.There is so much more to learn (learn) about the interesting history and literature of the United Kingdom.  高考这样考　 1.Right now, I enjoy getting my meals 　　　　(cook) for me every day. (2023·浙江高考1月)  答案与解析　cooked　空处作宾补, cook与meals是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词作宾补,填cooked。 2.One day, I saw a boy 　　　　(walk) along George Street with an armful of books. (2024·北京高考)  答案与解析　walking　空处作宾补,a boy与walk是逻辑上的主谓关系,且此处指正发生的动作,应用现在分词作宾补,填walking。 　 1.使役/感官动词/find/catch/keep/leave+宾语+宾补 ①It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen (happen) finally. (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) ②Then Jeff noticed steam shooting (shoot) out of the pot and the lid starting (start) to shake. ③She had a copy of the painting boxed (box) to ensure that it was delivered safely. ④They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil (boil) while they made the French toast.  ⑤They are keeping us informed (inform) of the development of the latest updates of the situation. “使役动词(make、have、let、get等)/感官动词(see、watch、notice、observe、hear等)及动词leave+宾语+宾补”结构中,不同的动词要用不同的宾补形式: 1)使役动词have和感官动词see、watch、notice、observe、hear+宾语:①+do(表全过程); ②+doing(表正在进行)表主动关系; ③+done表被动或完成。 2)使役动词make+宾语:①+do(do与宾语为逻辑上的主谓关系); ②+done(do与宾语为逻辑上的动宾关系)。 3)get构成:①get sb.to do sth.表“让某人做某事”; ②get sth. doing表“让……开始运行起来”; ③get sth. done表“让某事被做”。 4)let一般只有let sb./sth. do sth.“让某人/某物做某事”。 5)leave“使……处于某种状态”,构成leave sb./sth. doing/to do“让……做/去做……” 2.读外刊练单元语法(过去分词) | The Economist It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days. Leave yours at home and you may find yourself ①lost (lose), moneyless and cut off from social contact. Nine in ten American adults own one and spend 3 hours and 45 minutes on them a day, on average. New versions ②souped (soup) up 通过改装(汽车、计算机等)增强功能 with artificial intelligence may be even harder to put down. Yet a market is also emerging for phones deliberately pea-brained (笨的). These dumb phones—confusingly ③called (call) “feature phones”—account for just 2% of phone sales in America. But demand is growing. Dumb phones today do not merely replicate (复制) those ④produced (produce) of the past, though. Startups offer minimalist devices of their own. One example is the Light Phone, ⑤shaped (shape) like an iPod and ⑥equipped (equip) with an e-ink screen like a Kindle. 重点3　最提分微写作 应用文写作练　短文(介绍景点) 3段式:点明介绍的景点→基本情况+特色→印象与感受 用本单元所学词汇、句式和语法知识完成下面的应用文写作再背诵。 假设你是李华,市留学信息网站新增了名为《最美中华》的栏目,请你给该栏目投稿,介绍一个国内你喜欢的或去过的地方,内容包括:1.该地情况;2.该地特色;3.你的感受。 第一步　斟酌词句　靓化表达(加黑体部分请用本单元所复习的词汇和句式) 1.说到我最喜欢的地方,应该优先考虑我的家乡! When it comes to the place I like most, my hometown should be given priority!  2.我的家乡位于中国西部,虽然面积不大、人口不多,但它确实有其引人注目的魅力。 Located in the west part of China, my hometown is not very large in size and population, but it does have virtually striking attractions.  3.它风光宁静秀美,环境令人叹为观止,可爱的乡村点缀其间, 堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。(with复合结构) Its peaceful landscape is a true feast for the eyes, with its breathtaking surroundings dotted with lovely villages.  4.绿树成荫、连绵起伏的山脉以及潺潺的溪流都让游客着迷。(分词作宾补) The green trees, rolling mountains, as well as bubbling streams can all get visitors fascinated.  5.漫步在美景之中,呼吸着鲜花的芬芳,你会觉得每天都是宁静和快乐。(分词作宾语) Wandering in the beautiful scenery, breathing the scent of fresh flowers, you’ll feel every day filled with peace and joy  6.家乡景色如此美丽,我的家乡在我心中总是占有特殊的位置一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。 With all this beauty, it is not surprising that my hometown always occupies a special place in my heart.  第二步　恰当过渡　完美成文(请利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇) 范文　 My Favourite Place When it comes to the place I like most, my hometown should be given priority! Located in the west part of China, my hometown is not very large in size and population, but it does have virtually striking attractions. Its peaceful landscape is a true feast for the eyes, with its breathtaking surroundings dotted with lovely villages. The green trees, rolling mountains, as well as bubbling streams can all get visitors fascinated. Wandering in the beautiful scenery, breathing the scent of fresh flowers, you’ll feel every day filled with peace and joy. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that my hometown always occupies a special place in my heart. 续写微场景练　(主题:旅行与探险——自然风景→快乐互动场景) 根据续写故事情节和黑体部分的提示, 利用本单元词汇和句式补全续写场景,并背诵。 我们靠近附近的乡村,映入我们眼帘的是连绵起伏的山峦和点缀着无数野花的绿草地。妈妈拉开门,冲到外面,急切地宣布要搭帐篷了。我们搭帐篷时,周围宁静秀美的风光和鲜花的芬芳都让我们着迷。突然,我们健忘的妈妈困惑地喃喃道:“哦,我怎么忘了带枕头!”我们放声大笑。尽管第二天我们的脖子很疼,但这次旅行的甜蜜回忆却涌上心头。(浙江高考续写“和妈妈一起旅行”片段) ①Approaching the nearby countryside, we ②were greeted by rolling mountains and green grass dotted with countless wild flowers. Mom sild the door open, ③charged outside and ④eagerly announced the need to put up the tent. When we put up the tent, ⑤the surrounding peaceful landscape as well as the scent of fresh flowers all kept us fascinated. Suddenly, our forgetful mom murmured ⑥in a puzzled voice,“Oh, why I forgot the pillows!”⑦We roared with laughter. Despite the ache of our necks the next day, sweet memories of the trip ⑧crowded in on us. 仿写(核对答案后仿效加曲线句)走近附近的地点,映入我们眼帘的是宁静秀美的风光,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中。 ⑨Approaching the nearby location/position, we were greeted by the peaceful landscape and its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$