Unit7 知识清单 单词梳理-2025-2026学年译林版(2024) 八年级英语上册

2025-08-18
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八上 Unit7 知识清单 单词梳理 1. climate 释义:n. 气候;风气,氛围 搭配短语: tropical climate(热带气候) climate change(气候变化) the climate of public opinion(舆论氛围) 相关知识点:climate 指某地区长期的气候特征(如温度、降水),与 weather(短期天气状况)区分,例:The climate here is mild, but the weather today is rainy.(这里气候温和,但今天天气多雨。) 习题:The local ______ is suitable for growing rice because it has plenty of rain in summer.(答案:climate) 2. wetland 释义:n. 湿地,沼泽地 搭配短语: protect wetlands(保护湿地) coastal wetlands(滨海湿地) wetland ecosystems(湿地生态系统) 相关知识点:湿地是 “地球之肾”(the kidney of the Earth),具有调节气候、净化水质的功能,属于生态保护核心区域。 习题:Wetlands play an important role in preventing floods, so we should stop destroying ______.(答案:wetlands) 3. include 释义:v. 包含,包括 搭配短语: include sth. in sth.(把某物包含在某物中) include doing sth.(包括做某事) be included(被包含在内) 相关知识点:include 强调 “整体包含部分”,主语是整体;contain 侧重 “容器容纳内容” 或 “含有某种成分”,例:The book includes 10 chapters.(这本书包含 10 个章节。)The bottle contains water.(瓶子里装着水。) 习题:The tour package ______ round-trip tickets and three nights' accommodation.(答案:includes) 4. non-living 释义:adj. 非生物的,无生命的 搭配短语: non-living things(非生物) non-living environment(非生物环境) non-living matter(无生命物质) 相关知识点:对应反义词为 living(生物的),在生物学中,生态系统由 living things(生物)和 non-living things(阳光、水等非生物)共同构成。 习题:In an ecosystem, ______ factors like air and soil are necessary for the survival of animals and plants.(答案:non-living) 5. pond 释义:n. 池塘,水池 搭配短语: a small pond(小池塘) fish in the pond(池塘里的鱼) pond water(池塘水) 相关知识点:pond 指面积较小、较浅的静水区域,与 lake(湖泊,面积更大、更深)区分,例:There are many lotus flowers in the pond.(池塘里有很多荷花。) 习题:Children like to feed ducks and throw stones into the ______ in the park.(答案:pond) 6. around 释义:prep. 围绕;在…… 周围;adv. 大约;到处 搭配短语: walk around(四处走动) around the world(全世界) around 3 o'clock(大约 3 点) show sb. around(带某人参观) 相关知识点:作副词时,around = about,例:It costs around/about 50 yuan.(它大约花费 50 元。) 习题:My parents will take me ______ Europe during the summer vacation.(答案:around) 7. hold 释义:v. 拿着;容纳;举办;坚持;n. 握住;掌控 搭配短语: hold sth. in one's hand(手里拿着某物) hold a meeting(举办会议) hold on(等一下;坚持住) hold back(抑制;阻挡) hold the record(保持纪录) 相关知识点:hold 是多义词,需根据语境判断含义,例:This hall can hold 500 people.(这个大厅能容纳 500 人。)Hold on, I'm coming.(等一下,我来了。) 习题:The sports meeting will be ______ next Friday if the weather is fine.(答案:held) 8. return 释义:v. 返回;归还;恢复;n. 返回;归还;收益 搭配短语: return to sp.(返回某地) return sth. to sb.(把某物归还给某人) in return(作为回报) on one's return(在某人返回时) 相关知识点:return 不可与 back 连用(避免语义重复),正确表达为 return home(回家),而非 return back home。 习题:You must ______ the library books within two weeks, or you will be fined.(答案:return) 9. get rid of 释义:phrasal verb 摆脱;除去,处理掉 搭配短语: get rid of rubbish(清除垃圾) get rid of a bad habit(改掉坏习惯) get rid of pests(消灭害虫) 相关知识点:同义短语为 rid oneself of,例:She tried to rid herself of anxiety.(她努力摆脱焦虑。) 习题:We need to ______ the old furniture to make room for the new sofa.(答案:get rid of) 10. prevent 释义:v. 预防,防止;阻止 搭配短语: prevent sth.(防止某事发生) prevent sb. from doing sth.(阻止某人做某事) prevent disease(预防疾病) 相关知识点:prevent...from 中,from 在主动语态中可省略,被动语态中不可省略,例:Rain prevented us (from) going out.(下雨阻止了我们出门。)We were prevented from going out by rain. 习题:Wearing masks can ______ people from catching the cold.(答案:prevent) 11. store 释义:v. 储存,存放;n. 商店;仓库 搭配短语: store sth. in sp.(把某物储存在某地) store energy(储存能量) a department store(百货商店) a storage room(储藏室) 相关知识点:作 “商店” 讲时,美式英语常用 store,英式英语常用 shop;作动词时,强调 “长期储存”,例:People store food for winter.(人们储存食物过冬。) 习题:Farmers usually ______ grain in dry and cool warehouses.(答案:store) 12. sponge 释义:n. 海绵;海绵状物;v. 用海绵擦拭;吸收 搭配短语: a cleaning sponge(清洁海绵) sponge water(吸水) sponge sth. down(用海绵把某物擦干净) 相关知识点:比喻义 “像海绵一样吸收”,常用搭配 sponge up,例:Children sponge up new knowledge quickly.(孩子吸收新知识很快。) 习题:Use a wet ______ to wipe the dust off the desk.(答案:sponge) 13. act 释义:v. 行动;扮演;起作用;n. 行为;法令;(戏剧的)一幕 搭配短语: act quickly(迅速行动) act as(充当,担任) act in a play(在剧中扮演角色) an act of kindness(善举) the first act(第一幕) 相关知识点:act 是动词,action 是名词(“行动”,强调抽象概念),例:We must act now.(我们必须现在行动。)Actions speak louder than words.(行动胜于言语。) 习题:She will ______ the role of a doctor in the new movie.(答案:act) 14. kidney 释义:n. 肾,肾脏;(机器的)过滤装置 搭配短语: kidney disease(肾病) kidney failure(肾衰竭) the kidney of a machine(机器的过滤装置) 相关知识点:人体有两个肾脏(kidneys),主要功能是过滤血液、排出废物,比喻义中 “湿地是地球之肾” 可表达为 “Wetlands are the kidneys of the Earth”。 习题:Drinking enough water every day is good for our ______.(答案:kidneys) 15. carbon dioxide 释义:n. 二氧化碳(缩写:CO₂) 搭配短语: release carbon dioxide(释放二氧化碳) absorb carbon dioxide(吸收二氧化碳) carbon dioxide emissions(二氧化碳排放) 相关知识点:二氧化碳是温室气体(greenhouse gas)之一,植物通过光合作用(photosynthesis)吸收二氧化碳,释放氧气(oxygen)。 习题:Trees help reduce ______ in the air by turning it into oxygen.(答案:carbon dioxide) 16. trap 释义:v. 使陷入困境;捕捉;困住;n. 陷阱;捕捉器;诡计 搭配短语: trap sb. in sp.(把某人困在某地) trap animals(捕捉动物) a mouse trap(捕鼠器) fall into a trap(落入陷阱) 相关知识点:在环境语境中,trap 可表示 “滞留”,例:Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere.(温室气体将热量滞留在大气中。) 习题:The heavy snow ______ many drivers on the highway for more than 10 hours.(答案:trapped) 17. therefore 释义:adv. 因此,所以 搭配短语: therefore + 句子(因此……) and therefore(因此,从而) 相关知识点:therefore 表示因果关系,通常位于句首(后接逗号)或句中(前后加逗号),与 so 区分:so 是连词,可直接连接两个句子;therefore 是副词,需用标点或连词连接句子,例:He is ill, so he can't come.(= He is ill; therefore, he can't come.) 习题:She has been practicing for months, ______ she is confident about the performance.(答案:therefore) 18. lung 释义:n. 肺;呼吸器官 搭配短语: lung cancer(肺癌) human lungs(人的肺) take a deep breath into the lungs(深呼吸吸入肺部) 相关知识点:人体有两个肺(lungs),是呼吸系统的核心器官,比喻义中 “森林是地球之肺” 可表达为 “Forests are the lungs of the Earth”。 习题:Smoking is extremely harmful to our ______, so we should keep away from cigarettes.(答案:lungs) 19. sadly 释义:adv. 悲伤地;遗憾地,可惜地 搭配短语: shake one's head sadly(悲伤地摇头) sadly enough(遗憾的是) speak sadly(悲伤地说) 相关知识点:sadly 是形容词 sad 的副词形式,修饰动词、形容词或整个句子,例:Sadly, many rare animals are in danger.(遗憾的是,许多珍稀动物处于濒危状态。) 习题:______, the old tree that has stood here for 100 years was cut down yesterday.(答案:Sadly) 20. ton 释义:n. 吨(重量单位,1 吨 = 1000 千克);大量,许多 搭配短语: a ton of coal(一吨煤) tons of(大量的,后接可数或不可数名词) two tons of rice(两吨大米) 相关知识点:tons of 是口语化表达,相当于 a lot of/lots of,例:She has tons of homework to do.(她有大量作业要做。) 习题:The factory produces more than 50 ______ of steel every day.(答案:tons) 21. harm 释义:n. /v. 伤害,损害 搭配短语: do harm to sb./sth.(对某人 / 某物造成伤害) cause harm(造成伤害) harmful(adj. 有害的) harmless(adj. 无害的) 相关知识点:do harm to 中,harm 是不可数名词,不能加 a;其同义短语为 be harmful to,例:Pollution does harm to the environment.(= Pollution is harmful to the environment.) 习题:Eating too much sugar can ______ our teeth.(答案:harm) 22. wildlife 释义:n. 野生动物;野生生物(集合名词,不可数) 搭配短语: protect wildlife(保护野生动物) wildlife conservation(野生生物保护) wildlife habitats(野生动物栖息地) 相关知识点:wildlife 作主语时,谓语动词用单数,例:Wildlife in this area is well protected.(该地区的野生生物保护得很好。) 习题:We should not hunt ______ because they are important parts of the ecosystem.(答案:wildlife) 23. topic 释义:n. 话题,主题;题目 搭配短语: a hot topic(热门话题) discuss a topic(讨论一个话题) the topic of sth.(关于某事的话题) choose a topic(选择一个题目) 相关知识点:topic 侧重 “讨论或文章的主题”,与 theme(侧重 “文学、艺术作品的主题思想”)区分,例:The topic of our meeting is environmental protection.(我们会议的主题是环境保护。) 习题:What's your favorite ______ when you chat with your friends?(答案:topic) 24. quite a few 释义:phr. 相当多,不少(后接可数名词复数) 搭配短语: quite a few students(相当多学生) quite a few books(不少书) 相关知识点:同义短语为 quite a lot of(后接可数或不可数名词),反义短语为 few(几乎没有),例:He has quite a few friends in Beijing.(他在北京有不少朋友。)Few people know this secret.(几乎没人知道这个秘密。) 习题:______ visitors come to this wetland park every weekend to watch birds.(答案:Quite a few) 25. sandy 释义:adj. 含沙的; sandy 色的(浅棕色的) 搭配短语: sandy soil(沙质土壤) a sandy beach(沙滩) sandy hair(浅棕色头发) 相关知识点:sandy 由名词 sand(沙子)加后缀 -y 构成形容词,类似变形:rain → rainy(下雨的),wind → windy(有风的)。 习题:Plants that grow well in ______ areas don't need much water.(答案:sandy) 26. noisy 释义:adj. 吵闹的,嘈杂的 搭配短语: a noisy street(嘈杂的街道) be noisy(吵闹) noisy children(吵闹的孩子) 相关知识点:noisy 的比较级为 noisier,最高级为 noisiest;反义词为 quiet(安静的),例:The classroom is too noisy; please be quiet.(教室太吵了,请安静。) 习题:It's hard to focus on study in a ______ environment.(答案:noisy) 27. system 释义:n. 系统;体系;制度 搭配短语: ecosystem(生态系统) digestive system(消化系统) education system(教育制度) computer system(计算机系统) 相关知识点:system 常与介词 of 搭配,表示 “…… 的系统”,例:The system of public transportation in this city is very convenient.(这个城市的公共交通系统很方便。) 习题:The ______ in the body works to break down food and get nutrients.(答案:digestive system) 28. cause 释义:v. 导致,引起;n. 原因;理由 搭配短语: cause sth.(导致某事) cause sb. to do sth.(导致某人做某事) the cause of sth.(某事的原因) a good cause(正义的事业) 相关知识点:作动词时,cause 后接名词或不定式(cause sb. to do),不接 doing;作名词时,与 reason 区分:cause 指 “直接原因”,reason 指 “解释原因的理由”,例:Smoking causes lung cancer.(吸烟导致肺癌。)Give me your reason for being late.(告诉我你迟到的理由。) 习题:Air pollution ______ many people to suffer from respiratory diseases.(答案:causes) 29. damage 释义:v. 损害,破坏;n. 损害,损失(不可数,侧重 “局部、可修复的损害”) 搭配短语: damage sth.(损害某物) do damage to sth.(对某物造成损害) environmental damage(环境损害) repair damage(修复损害) 相关知识点:与 destroy(v. 摧毁,侧重 “彻底破坏,无法修复”)区分,例:The storm damaged the roof.(暴风雨损坏了屋顶。)The fire destroyed the building.(大火烧毁了大楼。) 习题:Oil leaks from ships can ______ the ocean and kill marine life.(答案:damage) 30. north-east 释义:n. 东北方,东北部;adj. 东北的;adv. 向东北 搭配短语: the north-east of China(中国东北部) a north-east wind(东北风) travel north-east(向东北旅行) 相关知识点:类似方位词:north-west(西北)、south-east(东南)、south-west(西南),表达 “在…… 的某个方位” 时,用 in the + 方位词 + of(指内部范围),例:Harbin is in the north-east of China.(哈尔滨在中国东北部。) 习题:Many red-crowned cranes spend their winters in the ______ of China.(答案:north-east) 31. cover 释义:v. 覆盖;包含;采访;掩护;n. 封面;盖子 搭配短语: cover sth. with sth.(用某物覆盖某物) cover an area of(占地面积为……) cover a topic(涉及一个话题) the cover of a book(书的封面) 相关知识点:cover 作 “覆盖” 讲时,是及物动词,例:The mountain is covered with snow.(山被雪覆盖着。)作 “采访” 讲时,例:She covers international news for the TV station.(她为电视台采访国际新闻。) 习题:The desert ______ about 20% of the Earth's land surface.(答案:covers) 32. rare 释义:adj. 稀有的,罕见的;珍贵的 搭配短语: a rare animal/plant(珍稀动物 / 植物) rare metals(稀有金属) be rare to do sth.(做某事很罕见) 相关知识点:rare 的比较级为 rarer,最高级为 rarest;反义词为 common(常见的),例:Giant pandas are rare animals.(大熊猫是珍稀动物。) 习题:It is ______ to see a total solar eclipse(日全食)in most parts of the world.(答案:rare) 33. red-crowned crane 释义:n. 丹顶鹤(珍稀鸟类,又称 “仙鹤”) 搭配短语: protect red-crowned cranes(保护丹顶鹤) a group of red-crowned cranes(一群丹顶鹤) the habitat of red-crowned cranes(丹顶鹤的栖息地) 相关知识点:丹顶鹤是中国国家一级保护动物(national first-class protected animal),主要栖息在湿地、沼泽等区域,冬季会迁徙到温暖地区。 习题:Red-crowned cranes are often called "fairy birds" because of their beautiful appearance, and we must protect ______.(答案:red-crowned cranes) 34. daytime 释义:n. 白天,日间(与 nighttime 相对) 搭配短语: during the daytime(在白天) in the daytime(在白天) daytime activities(日间活动) 相关知识点:daytime 是不可数名词,不能加 a;同义表达为 during the day,例:Some animals sleep during the daytime and look for food at night.(有些动物白天睡觉,晚上觅食。) 习题:Most plants make food through photosynthesis ______.(答案:during the daytime) lead 释义:v. 带路;引领;导致(不良结果);n. 领导;领先地位 搭配短语:lead the way(带路);lead to(导致,如 lead to problems “导致问题” );take the lead(带头;领先 ) 相关知识点:过去式和过去分词均为 led ;作 “导致” 讲时,主语常为事物,强调因果关系 。 习题:Smoking can ______ serious health problems.(答案:lead to ,考查 “lead to” 表示 “导致” 的用法 ) mud 释义:n. 泥;淤泥;泥浆 搭配短语:in the mud(在泥里 );mud bath(泥浴 );mudslide(泥石流 ) 相关知识点:不可数名词 ;常用来描述潮湿、有泥土的环境 。 习题:After the rain, the path was covered with ______.(答案:mud ,考查名词在语境中的运用 ) create 释义:v. 创造;创建;创作 搭配短语:create a new product(创造新产品 );create a website(创建网站 );create art(创作艺术作品 ) 相关知识点:派生词有 creative(有创造力的 ),creativity(创造力 ) ;强调从无到有的制作、设计等行为 。 习题:Artists use their imagination to ______ beautiful paintings.(答案:create ,考查动词 “创造” 的语义 ) set up 释义:建立;设立;安装 搭配短语:set up a company(创办公司 );set up a tent(搭建帐篷 );set up a system(建立系统 ) 相关知识点:动副短语,代词作宾语时放中间,如 set it up ;侧重于搭建、创立机构、设施等 。 习题:They plan to ______ a charity to help poor children.(答案:set up ,考查短语 “建立(机构)” 的用法 ) balanced 释义:adj. 平衡的;均衡的 搭配短语:a balanced diet(均衡饮食 );keep a balanced life(保持平衡的生活 );balanced development(均衡发展 ) 相关知识点:动词为 balance(使平衡 ) ;常用来描述饮食、生活、发展等方面的协调状态 。 习题:Eating more fruits and vegetables helps you have a ______ diet.(答案:balanced ,考查形容词修饰 “diet” ) project 释义:n. 项目;工程;课题 ;v. 规划;投射 搭配短语:a research project(研究项目 );project plan(项目计划 );project an image(投射形象 ) 相关知识点:作名词时指有一定目标、规划的任务;作动词有 “使呈现(某种形象)” 等含义 。 习题:Our class is working on a science ______ about plants.(答案:project ,考查名词 “项目” 的语义 ) knowledge 释义:n. 知识;学问;了解 搭配短语:knowledge of(对…… 的知识、了解 ,如 knowledge of history “历史知识” );gain knowledge(获取知识 );scientific knowledge(科学知识 ) 相关知识点:不可数名词 ;常与 “of” 搭配表示对某领域的认知 。 习题:Reading books is a good way to increase your ______.(答案:knowledge ,考查名词 “知识” 的语义 ) wastewater 释义:n. 废水;污水 搭配短语:wastewater treatment(废水处理 );industrial wastewater(工业废水 );wastewater reuse(废水回用 ) 相关知识点:不可数名词 ;涉及环保、水处理等领域的常用词汇 。 习题:The factory has a system for treating ______.(答案:wastewater ,考查名词在环保语境中的运用 ) environment - friendly 释义:adj. 环保的;对环境无害的 搭配短语:environment - friendly products(环保产品 );environment - friendly travel(环保出行 ) 相关知识点:合成形容词,由 “environment(环境) + friendly(友好的)” 构成 ;用于描述对环境有益或无破坏的事物 。 习题:We should choose ______ bags instead of plastic ones.(答案:environment - friendly ,考查环保类形容词的运用 ) sir 释义:n. 先生;长官(对男性的尊称 ) 搭配短语:Excuse me, sir(打扰一下,先生 );Dear sir(尊敬的先生,书信开头 ) 相关知识点:用于正式场合或礼貌地称呼男性 ;对应女性尊称是 madam 。 习题:“Can I help you, ______?” the waiter asked the man.(答案:sir ,考查日常尊称的用法 ) madam 释义:n. 夫人;女士(对女性的尊称 ) 搭配短语:Good morning, madam(早上好,女士 );Madam Chairman(主席女士 ) 相关知识点:用于正式、礼貌场合称呼女性 ;对应男性尊称是 sir 。 习题:“This way, ______,” the guide said to the woman.(答案:madam ,考查日常尊称的运用 ) kill 释义:v. 杀死;弄死;使停止(某活动 ) 搭配短语:kill time(消磨时间 );kill a snake(杀死蛇 );kill the engine(熄火 ) 相关知识点:及物动词,可接不同宾语表示不同 “消灭、终止” 含义 ;过去式和过去分词为 killed 。 习题:Don't ______ the insects; they are helpful for the garden.(答案:kill ,考查动词 “杀死(生物)” 的语义 ) solve 释义:v. 解决;解答 搭配短语:solve a problem(解决问题 );solve a puzzle(解开谜题 );solve a math problem(解答数学题 ) 相关知识点:及物动词,强调找到办法处理难题 ;派生词 solution(解决方案 ) 。 习题:We need to ______ this difficulty together.(答案:solve ,考查动词 “解决(难题)” 的用法 ) environmental 释义:adj. 环境的;有关环境的 搭配短语:environmental protection(环境保护 );environmental issues(环境问题 );environmental education(环境教育 ) 相关知识点:由名词 “environment(环境)” 派生而来 ;用于描述与自然环境相关的事物、问题等 。 习题:We should pay more attention to ______ protection.(答案:environmental ,考查形容词修饰 “protection” ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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 Unit7 知识清单 单词梳理-2025-2026学年译林版(2024) 八年级英语上册
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 Unit7 知识清单 单词梳理-2025-2026学年译林版(2024) 八年级英语上册
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 Unit7 知识清单 单词梳理-2025-2026学年译林版(2024) 八年级英语上册
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