内容正文:
Unit 3 Family ties核心词汇
1. strict/strɪkt/adj.
中文释义:严格的,严厉的
课文原文:
· An older man with a strict face follows him. → 一个神情严厉的老人跟在他后面。
词形变化:
· 比较级: stricter
· 最高级: strictest
· 名词: strictness (严格)
· 副词: strictly (严格地)
核心拓展:
· 固定搭配: be strict with sb. (对某人严格) / be strict about sth. (对某事严格)
· 近义: severe (严厉的) / 反义: lenient (宽容的)
★ 考点预警:
· 介词搭配:strict with + 人,strict about + 事
· 中考常考句型:Our teacher is strict but fair. (严格但公平)
2. follow/ˈfɒləʊ/v.
中文释义:跟着,跟随;遵循
课文原文:
· An older man with a strict face follows him. → 一个神情严厉的老人跟在他后面。
词形变化:
· 三单: follows
· 过去式/分词: followed
· 现在分词: following
· 名词: follower (追随者)
核心拓展:
· 一词多义: ① 跟随 (The dog followed him home.)
② 遵循 (follow the rules)
· 反义: lead (带领)
· 固定搭配: follow one's advice (听从建议)
★ 考点预警:
· 短语动词:follow through (坚持到底),follow up (跟进)
· 中考高频:The following day = next day (次日)
3. absent/ˈæbsənt/adj.
中文释义:不在的,缺席的
课文原文:
· He was often absent from home. → 他经常不在家。
词形变化:
· 名词: absence (缺席)
· 反义词: present (出席的)
核心拓展:
· 词根词缀: ab- (离开) + sent (存在) → "不在场"
· 固定搭配: absent from (缺席...),
absent-minded (心不在焉的)
★ 考点预警:
· 介词固定搭配:absent from school/work (缺课/缺勤)
· 易错点:Three students are absent today. (非absented)
4. serve/sɜːv/v.
中文释义:为...工作;服务;端上(饭菜)
课文原文:
· For years, the father served as the postman for this area. →多年来,这位父亲一直担任这个地区的邮递员。
词形变化:
· 三单: serves
· 过去式/分词: served
· 现在分词: serving
· 名词: service (服务)
核心拓展:
· 一词多义: ① 服务 (serve customers)
② 端上 (serve dinner)
③ 服役 (serve in the navy)
· 固定搭配: serve as (担任...角色)
★ 考点预警:
· 短语:serve sb. right (活该),first come, first served (先到先得)
· 易错句型:This dish is best served cold. (这道菜最好冷食)
5. memory/ˈmeməri/n.
中文释义:记忆,回忆
课文原文:
· It brings back the father’s memory of carrying the son on his back. → 这唤起了父亲背着儿子的记忆。
词形变化:
· 复数: memories
· 动词: memorize (记忆)
· 形容词: memorable (难忘的)
核心拓展:
· 词根词缀: memor (记忆) + -y (名词后缀)
· 固定搭配: in memory of (纪念...),
have a good memory (记忆力好)
★ 考点预警:
· 短语辨析:from memory (凭记忆) vs. in memory (在记忆中)
· 中考常考:This monument was built in memory of the heroes.
6. seldom/ˈseldəm/adv.
中文释义:很少,罕见
课文原文:
· The son seldom saw him. →儿子很少见到他。
词形变化:
· 同义表达: rarely (很少地)
· 反义: often (经常)
核心拓展:
· 语法特点: 频度副词,位置在实义动词前/be动词后
· 固定搭配: seldom if ever (几乎从不)
★ 考点预警:
· 倒装句型:Seldom does he arrive late. (否定词开头需倒装)
· 中考高频:I have seldom seen such a beautiful sunset.
7. relationship/rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp/n.
中文释义:(人或团体之间的)关系
课文原文:
· Many countries offer family hotlines to give advice about family relationships. → 许多国家都提供家庭热线就家庭关系给出建议。
词形变化:
· 复数: relationships
· 动词: relate (关联)
· 形容词: relational (关系的)
核心拓展:
· 词根词缀: relation (关系) + -ship (状态)
· 近义: connection (联系)
· 固定搭配: build a relationship (建立关系),
close relationship (亲密关系)
★ 考点预警:
· 介词搭配:relationship with (与...的关系),relationship between (两者间关系)
8. solve/sɒlv/v.
中文释义:解决(问题)
课文原义:
· Who can you turn to in order to solve problems in your family?→ 你可以求助谁来解决你家庭中的问题吗?
词形变化:
· 三单: solves
· 过去式/分词: solved
· 现在分词: solving
· 名词: solution (解决方案)
核心拓展:
· 近义: resolve (解决)
· 固定搭配: solve a puzzle (解谜),
solve the mystery (解开谜团)
★ 考点预警:
· 名词形式常考:find a solution to the problem (非solve的名词误用)
9. marry/ˈmæri/v.
中文释义:结婚;娶;嫁
词形变化:
· 三单: marries
· 过去式/分词: married
· 现在分词: marrying
· 名词: marriage (婚姻)
核心拓展:
· 固定搭配: get married to sb. (与某人结婚),
be married (已婚状态)
· 文化差异: 西方常用 marry sb.,中文需加"与"
★ 考点预警:
· 易错用法:She married him. (正确) / She married with him. (错误)
· 状态表达:They have been married for 10 years. (非married 10 years)
10. serious/ˈsɪəriəs/adj.
中文释义:严重的;严肃的
课文原文:
· Robert has a serious disease. → 罗伯特患有严重的疾病。
词形变化:
· 比较级: more serious
· 最高级: most serious
· 名词: seriousness (严重性)
· 副词: seriously (严重地)
核心拓展:
· 一词多义: ① 严重的 (serious injury)
② 严肃的 (serious face)
· 固定搭配: take...seriously (认真对待)
★ 考点预警:
· 短语:serious about (对...认真),如: He's serious about his studies.
11. refuse/rɪˈfjuːz/v.
中文释义:拒绝,回绝
课文原文:
· But John refuses to race without his brother. → 但是约翰拒绝不带弟弟就去参加比赛。
词形变化:
· 三单: refuses
· 过去式/分词: refused
· 现在分词: refusing
· 名词: refusal (拒绝)
核心拓展:
· 近义: reject (拒绝) / 反义: accept (接受)
· 固定搭配: refuse to do sth. (拒绝做某事),
flatly refuse (断然拒绝)
★ 考点预警:
· 接续要求:refuse + to do (非doing),如: He refused to answer.
12. matter/ˈmætə/v.
中文释义:(尤指对某人自己或对发生之事)重要,要紧
课文原文:
· The result doesn’t really matter. → 结果其实并不重要。
词形变化:
· 三单: matters
· 过去式/分词: mattered
· 现在分词: mattering
· 名词: matter (事情;物质)
核心拓展:
· 一词多义: ① v.重要 (What matters most is health.)
② n.物质 (solid matter)
· 固定搭配: no matter how/what (无论...),
as a matter of fact (事实上)
★ 考点预警:
· 高频句型:What's the matter (with...)? = What's wrong?
13. each/iːtʃ/pron.
中文释义:(两个或两个以上物或人中的)每个,各
课文原文:
· They start to see into each other’s hearts. → 他们开始理解彼此的内心。
词形变化:
· 形容词: each (各自的)
· 副词: each (每个)
核心拓展:
· 辨析: each (强调个体) vs. every (强调整体)
Each child received a gift. (每人一份)
Every child loves stories. (泛指所有)
· 固定搭配: each other (互相)
★ 考点预警:
· 语法规则:each of + 复数名词 + 单数动词,如: Each of the apples is red.
14. silent/ˈsaɪlənt/adj.
中文释义:不作声的,沉默的
课文原文:
· His love may be silent. →他的爱可能是无声的。
词形变化:
· 名词: silence (沉默)
· 副词: silently (沉默地)
· 反义: noisy (吵闹的)
核心拓展:
· 固定搭配: fall silent (变得安静),
silent movie (无声电影)
★ 考点预警:
· 短语:the silent treatment (冷战),remain silent (保持沉默)
15. touching/ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/adj.
中文释义:感人的,动人的
课文原文:
· It’s a touching story about the love between father and son. → 它是一个关于父子之爱的感人的故事。
词形变化:
· 动词: touch (触摸;感动)
· 名词: touch (触摸;感动)
· 副词: touchingly (感人地)
核心拓展:
· 一词多义: ① 感人的 (touching moment)
② 触摸的 (touching distance)
· 近义: moving (动人的)
★ 考点预警:
· 情感表达:be touched by (被...感动),如: I was deeply touched by his kindness.
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