Unit 4 Inventions Section 1 Reading 课件 2025-2026学年沪教版（2024）八年级英语上册

Unit 4 Inventions 主题范畴： 人与社会 主题群： 科学与技术 子主题： 科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新 Key question What makes an invention great? learn new words and expressions about inventions; understood the details of the article through skimming and scanning; learn about the importance of great inventions. Learning objectives 学习目标 At the end of the class, I’ll be able to: balloon /bəˈluːn/ n. 气球 wheel /wiːl/ n. 轮；车轮 central /ˈsentrəl/ adj. 在中心的 although /ɔːlˈðəʊ/ conj. 虽然；尽管；即使 attach /əˈtætʃ/ v. 把……固定； 把……附（在……上） pull /pʊl/ v. 拉；拽；扯；拖 international /ˌɪntəˈnæʃnəl/ adj. 国际的 path /pɑːθ/ n. 小路；小径 New words and phrases technique /tekˈniːk/ n. 技巧；技艺 depend /dɪˈpend/ v. 需要；依靠 doubt /daʊt/ n. 疑惑；疑问 steam locomotive 蒸汽机车 crewed spacecraft 载人航天器 on foot 步行 a number of 几个；若干 take place 发生；进行 for instance 例如；比如 large amounts of 大量 international trade 国际贸易 depend on 依靠；依赖 3D printer 3D打印机 without doubt 毫无疑问 of all time 自古以来；有史以来 Look at the mind map and think about the questions. First thoughts find information easily control machines store large amounts of information enable us to play games, watch films and listen to music help us communicate with others … Computers help us … For example How have different inventions changed the way we live? What kind of fun inventions have you seen? How do people come up with ideas for new inventions? What are some great inventions in history? Complete the timeline of different forms of transport with the words and phrases on page 53. wheel hot-air balloon Before you read safety bicycle car plane Discuss in pairs which invention is the most important and why. Which do you think is the most important invention? Why? I think ... is the most important invention because ... While-reading Read the article about the wheel and find out how this invention changed transport around the world. Reading strategy Successful readers often take notes to remind themselves of important information in a text. Here are some tips for annotating a text: Write key words next to each paragraph. Mark different types of information. For example, circle transitional words and underline key information. Can you try annotating the article above? Annotating a text Match the headings to the paragraphs with the information from the article on pages 52-53. Task 1 Paragraph 1 _____ Paragraph 2 _____ Paragraph 3 _____ Paragraph 4 _____ a wheels are everywhere b New roads and faster travel c Travelling was hard work d A world-changing invention c d b a Task 2 Read the article carefully and answers the questions below. How did people travel before the invention of the wheel? People travelled on foot or by riding horses. After people in Kazakhstan started riding horses, what was still a difficult task? Transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. What invention changed the difficult situation of transporting large amounts of goods? The invention of the wheel changed it. What changes did the invention of the wheel bring about? The invention of the wheel allowed farmers to transport their goods to markets far away, increased national and international trade and changed the way villages, towns and even countries did business with each other. It also brought about the first roads made of stone. Why is the wheel an important invention? Because it changed the way humans move and allowed humans to build all types of amazing machines. The Industrial Revolution also depended on the wheel. Discuss the questions below. Post-reading (1) Why do you think people invented new ways of travelling? (2) Look around you. Can you see any wheels? Where are they? (1) Why do you think people invented new ways of travelling? To go further: People wanted to visit far-away places. New travel ways like cars now help us go to other cities easily. To save time: Walking is slow. With trains or planes, we can reach places much faster. To carry things: When people trade or move, they need to take goods. Horses could carry a bit, but trucks can carry a lot. To be comfortable: Walking or riding old-style horses might be tiring. Buses, cars with soft seats make trips nice. (2) Look around you. Can you see any wheels? Where are they? Vocabulary practice ___ (1) attach (line 13) ___ (2) pull (line 13) ___ (3) path (line 17) ___ (4) depend on (line 24) ___ (5) doubt (line 26) 1 Find the words and the phrase in the article on pages 52-53 and match them with their meanings. a a feeling of not being sure about something b a way made by a lot of people walking on it c to need something in order for something else to happen d to join one thing to another e to move something in a certain direction d e b c a 2 Complete the conversation with the words and the phrase from Exercise 1. Change the form if necessary. Interviewer: Hello Dr Li! You wrote a book about the history of the wheel. How did the wheel change people’s lives? Dr Li: Before the wheel, people (1)___________ animals to carry heavy things, or they carried things themselves. Interviewer: Did people continue to use animals to move things after the invention of the wheel? depend on Dr Li: Yes. That’s how horse-pulled vehicles came about. They put things in the vehicles, (2)___________ the horses and off they went! It was so much easier for a horse to (3)___________ something than carry it on its back. Interviewer: How were the roads back then? Dr Li: Terrible! The roads were really just (4)___________ from people walking the same way for years. Interviewer: Thank you for the information! Dr Li: You’re welcome. There is no (5)___________ that the wheel is the greatest invention of all time! attached pull paths doubt increase after the arrival of ... changed with the invention of ... depend on one of the most important inventions of all time 3 Write about an invention with the word and expressions below. The Invention of the Light Bulb The light bulb is one of the most important inventions of all time. Long ago, people depended on candles or oil lamps to see at night. Their light was weak. After the arrival of the light bulb, life changed a lot. It gave bright light. People could work, read, and have fun at night easily. As time passed, the way we use light changed with the invention of LED lights. But the basic idea of the light bulb still helps us. It can increase our time for doing things after dark. We still depend on this great invention every day. For example The Four Great Chinese Inventions During the Song-yuan period, the “four great Chinese inventions” were further developed and introduced to foreign countries, making great contributions to world civilization. Do you know the Four New Inventions of China? What are they? High-Speed Rail Alipay E-commerce Shared Bicycles 短语收藏夹 寻找 步行 遍及全球 一些重要的变化 例如 运输大量货物 in search of on foot across the globe a number of important changes for instance transport large amounts of goods 短语收藏夹 attach … to … national and international trade in wet weather roads made of stone depend on 把……固定在…… 国内和国际贸易 在潮湿的天气 石头路 依赖于 Language points although conj. 虽然，尽管；引导让步状语从句。 词汇辨析：although和though意思相近，although较正式，多用于书面语；though可用于书面和口语，还可放句末，如It’s hard work. I enjoy it, though.（这是辛苦活，不过我喜欢。）；even though强调“即使，纵然”，让步语气更强。 1. Although this meant that people could travel further and faster ... attach v. 把……固定；把……附（在……上） 常用搭配： attach to依附于，使附着；attach importance to重视 完成句子： ①我们应该重视环境保护。 We should __________________ environmental protection. ②请把标签贴在你的行李上。 Please _______ the label ______ your luggage. 2. They soon attached wheels to horse-pulled vehicles. attach importance to attach to path n. 小路；小径；路线；路径 词汇辨析：path侧重自然形成或人工修建的窄小路；road指较宽、供车辆等通行的“公路、道路”；way是更宽泛的“路；方式；方法”，如the way to success成功之路。 例句： We followed the path through the park and enjoyed the beautiful flowers along the way. There is a busy road near my house, and many cars pass by every day. Can you tell me the way to the nearest supermarket? 3. The road were old walking paths. doubt n. 疑惑；疑问；怀疑 ⭐也可作动词，doubt用于肯定句时，常接whether/if引导的从句，表对某事是否发生等存疑，如I doubt whether he will come. 我怀疑他是否会来。 常用搭配： in doubt 有疑问 without doubt 毫无疑问 doubt about 对……怀疑 4. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time. 他对自己能否按时完成任务有疑问。 He is ________ about whether he can finish the task on time. 她毫无疑问是我们班最优秀的学生。 She is ____________ the best student in our class. 他不确定她是否会来参加派对。 He _______ whether she will come to the party. in doubt without doubt doubts 完成句子 词汇辨析： a number of“几个；若干”，侧重数量相对明确，修饰可数名词 ）。 the number of“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数，如The number of students in our class is fifty. 我们班学生数量是五十。 a lot of/lots of可修饰可数和不可数名词，更口语化，数量相对宽泛。 5. ... until about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes took place. for instance“例如；比如”，用于举例说明，和for example用法相近。 词汇辨析： for instance较正式，可放在句首、句中、句末； for example更常用、口语化，常放句首，后用逗号隔开，或插在句中，如Some fruits, for example, apples and bananas, are very popular. such as后直接接列举的事物，不用逗号隔开，如Some fruits such as apples and bananas are very popular. 6. For instance, in the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan ... 1. A________ the sun was shining, it wasn’t very warm. 2. — Where’s Mr. Green? — He has gone to attend an ____________(国际) meeting. 3. If you can’t push the door open, then try p____ it. 4. ________(centre) Park in the USA is in the centre of Manhattan Island. 5. Those b______(气球) come in many colours, like blue, yellow and green. 6. The company produces the food without ______(疑问). 7. The bicycle has a broken _____(轮子) and can’t be ridden. 一、根据汉语提示或首字母提示，填写单词。 lthough international ull Central alloons doubts wheels 二、从方框中选择适当的短语并用其正确形式填空。 a number of, depend on, take place, for instance, without doubt 1. _____________ kids are playing happily in the small park now. 2. The big meeting will ______________ in the new hall tomorrow morning. 3. She is _____________ the most helpful girl in our class indeed. 4. We all ___________ fresh air to live a healthy life daily. 5. The big meeting will _____________ in the new hall tomorrow morning. A number of take place without doubt depend on take place 1. Finish the exercises. 2. Preview Listening on page 56. 3. Choose an invention in your daily life and introduce how this invention help you with your life. 3213.0652 2977.9622 4754.296 2742.8591 3160.82 3186.9426 2925.717 3030.2073 3944.4968 3526.536 3735.5164 3422.0457 4048.987 3291.4329 4884.9087 4231.8447 194780.17 $$