2025年中考英语冲刺必备初中语法全解

2025中考英语冲刺必备 初 中 语 法 全 解 （学生版全套） 目录 专题1 冠词art. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 专题2 代词pron. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -22 专题3 介词prep. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -45 专题4 连词conj. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 64 专题5 数词num. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 84 专题6 名词n. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 98 专题7 形容词及副词adj.&adv. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 121 专题8 动词v. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -147 专题9 谓语动词的时态 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 180 专题10 谓语动词的语态 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 209 专题10 非谓语动词 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 225 专题12 构词法 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -260 专题13 主谓一致 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 274专题14 句子成分和基本句型 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -289 专题15 各类句子（按功能分）- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -303 专题16 并列句 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -332专题17 复合句之宾语从句 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 342 专题18 复合句之定语从句 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 365 专题19 复合句之状语从句 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 381 专题1 冠词art. 知识框架 考点汇总 冠词的定义：冠词常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。 考点一：定冠词the 1．用表示特指的人或物或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物，或指上文已提到过的人或事物。 Take your time--it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant. 不着急--从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。 2．用在世界上独一无二的名词前。 The sun is shining brightly. 太阳明亮地照耀着。 【易错提示】有些事物虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。如：space，nature，man(人类)等。 3．用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级前面。 Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao? 这是你第一次游览青岛吗？ The greatest talkers are always the least doers. 言语的巨人往往是行动的矮子。 【易错提示】(1) 定冠词the可以用于二者之中的比较级前表示最高级的含义。 Jim is the thinner of the two boys. 吉姆是两个男孩中比较瘦的那个。 (2) 形容词only, very, same修饰名词时前面用定冠词the。 He is the very boy that I have been looking for. 他就是我一直在寻找的那个男孩。 4．用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。 The Greens are on holiday now. 格林夫妇一家现在正在度假。 The Lis were watching TV when the lights went off. 姓李的那家人正在看电视，突然停电了。 5. 用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物。 the rich富人；the wounded伤员； Life is like an ocean: only the strong-willed can reach the shore. 生活就像是一片海洋，只有意志坚定的人才可以到达彼岸。 6. 演奏的西洋乐器前一定要加定冠词。 He often plays the piano after finishing his homework. 他常常写完作业后弹钢琴。 【易错提示】 (1) 如果只是提到这种乐器，而不是演奏，则不一定用定冠词。 He bought a piano for his daughter. 他为女儿买了一架钢琴。 (2) 用汉语拼音表示的乐器前不用冠词。 Play erhu拉二胡 play pipa弹琵琶 7. 用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。 It is said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century. 据说在十七世纪的时候玉米在西藏大量种植。 8. 用在表示计量的名词前，表示“以......计算” 如：by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等。 He pays the rent by the month. 他按月付房租。 【易错提示】 如果表示单位的名 词为不可数名词，之前不用冠词，如：by weight/ height等。 Cherries are sold by weight. 樱桃按重量销售。 9. “动词＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体某一部位”结构中，用the而不用物主代词。 The police caught the thief by the arm. 警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。 The old woman led the boy by the hand. 那位老太太牵着男孩的手。 【注意】在be red in the face （脸红），be lame in the right leg （右腿瘸），be blind in the eye （眼睛失明）等结构中，名词前也要用the。 10. 用在句型“the +比较级...， the+比较级...”中，表示“越......就越......”。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越小心，出的错就越少。 11. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词以及表示海洋、山川、河流、岛屿、国家、党派、杂志、机构、条约等的专有名词前。 the Warsaw Treaty华沙条约； the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡； the Senate参议院； the Atlantic大西洋； the Thames泰晤士河； 12. 节日前不用冠词，但我国的传统节日前用定冠词。 The Spring Festival春节； the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节； 13. 表示在具体的地点、方位、时间或某天的一部分的名词前。 on the left/right在左边/右边 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。 14. 定冠词的固定搭配 at the same time 同时 at the moment此刻 at the age of...在...岁时 at the beginning/end of...在...结束时 all the time一直 all the year round一年到头 by the way顺便问一下 in the end最后，终于 in the daytime在白天 in the distance在远处 in the form of...以......的形式 in the way挡路 for the first time 第一次 on the way to...在去......的路上 on the whole总的来说 on the right/left在右/左面 on the radio/phone通过无线电/电话 the other day前几天 the next day第二天 go to the doctor's去看医生 go to the cinema去看电影 考点二：不定冠词a/an 1．不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain，意为“一个”，或首次提到的泛指的人或事物。 A young man wants to see you. 有个年轻人想见你。 2. 用在某些物质名词前，表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等。 Green tea is a wonderful tea. 绿茶是一种很好的茶。 What a heavy rain! 多大的一场雨啊！ 3．表示一类人或物，指同类中的任何一个。 A dog is a faithful animal. 狗是忠诚的动物。=Dogs are faithful animals. 4. 表示“一个”，与one同源，但数的概念没有one强烈。 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 一鸟在手胜过二鸟在林。 【易错提示】通常成对出现的物品，一般只用一个不定冠词。如：a knife and fork一副刀叉。 5．用在表示数量、长度、时间、重量等的计数单位的名词前，表示“每一”相当于every, each, per等，。 The car moves 100 miles an hour. 这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。 【易错提示】不定冠词在句中的位置 such a/an＋单数可数名词；quite a/an＋单数可数名词；rather a/an＋单数可数名词。如果修饰名词的形容词前有so，as，too，how等副词，则不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之间。 He is as clever a boy as Tom. 他是一个像汤姆一样聪明的男孩。 It is too difficult a book for beginners. 这本书对初学者来说太难了。 6. 用在序数词前，强调在原有基础上“又，再”。“a/an＋序数词”不表示排序，表示“又一，再一”； When I sat down, a fifth man rose to speak. 我坐下后，第五个人又起来发言。 I want a second cup of coffee. 我想再要一杯咖啡。（暗含已经喝了一杯。） 7. 不定冠词a用于“most＋形容词原级”之前无比较含义，表示程度，意为“很，非常”。 —Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with？那对双胞胎兄弟哪个比较好相处？ —The younger one.He is a most humorous man. 年轻的那个。他是一个非常幽默的人。 This is a most troublesome case. 这是一个很麻烦的案子。 8. 用在of之后，表示属性，意思是“同样，一样”，相当于the same。 They are of an age.他们一样大。 The two rooms are of a size.这两个房间一样大。 9. 抽象名词具体化的情况下，不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前，表示具体的人或事物，这类词常见的有：success, failure, comfort, danger, beauty等。 It is a success for a country to host the Olympic Games. 对于一个国家来说，主办奥运会是一件成功的事。 10. 用在某些表示情绪的抽象名词前，表示“一种，一类”等。 It’s a pleasure to meet you here. 在这儿见到你是一件很高兴的事。 It’s an honor to be invited to the party. 很荣幸应邀参加晚会。 11. 不定冠词的固定搭配 as a result因此 as a rule通常，照例 as a whole总的来说 as a matter of fact事实上 after a while一会儿后 at a distance离一段距离，从远处 at a time每次 all of a sudden突然 a waste of ... ……的浪费 a matter of ... ……的问题 a collection of一批…… a great many许多 have a good time玩得高兴 have a holiday度假 have a cold患感冒 have/take a rest休息一下 have a gift for有……的天赋 have a history of有……的历史 have a word with...与......交谈 in a hurry匆忙地 in a moment立刻 in a word总之 for a while暂时，一时 get a lift/ride搭便车 make/earn a living谋生 make an effort 努力 make an apology道歉 take an interest in...对......感兴趣 on a diet节食 once in a while偶尔 考点三：不定冠词a与an的区别 以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a，以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。 【易错提示】①有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音，即该单词的读音实际上是以元音音素开头的，要使用an。如：an hour，an honest man。 ②有些单词以元音字母开头，但该单词的读音实际上是以辅音音素开头，要使用a。 如：a university, a European country。 考点四：零冠词 1. 不可数名词、复数名词表示泛指，用零冠词。 Children like cartoons. 孩子们喜欢卡通片。 Music can bring people pleasure. 音乐可以给人带来愉悦。 2. 名词前面有this, that ,my, your, some ,each, no, any, kind of ,type of等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词以及名词所有格等限定词作定语时不用冠词。 Her heart was beating wildly with fear. 她的心因害怕而狂跳不已。 She is not my type of woman. 她不是我心目中的那类女人。 3. 表示独一无二的的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时不用冠词。 Mr Smith, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip. 小组的头头史密斯先生将全面制定这次旅行的计划。 Jim was made monitor for this month. 吉姆当选这个月的班长。 4. 街道名、广场、公园名和大学名前不加冠词。 Chang’an Street长安街； Tian’an Men Square天安门广场； Yale University耶鲁大学 5. 季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科、球类、棋类等名称前一般不加冠词。 Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。 【易错提示】有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期及世上独一无二的事物的名词等前，通常用不定冠词。 I was invited to have a good breakfast and the restaurant we went to was excellent. 我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐，并且我们去的餐馆也很好。 The old couple sat together, enjoying a bright moon. 那对老夫妇坐在一起欣赏一轮明月。 6. 在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。 by bike/car/ship/plane/air/train乘自行车/汽车/轮船/飞机/飞机/火车 【易错提示】take a bus, in a boat, on the train/bus结构中需用冠词。 7．在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词前不加冠词。 Child as/though she is, she knows too much French. 尽管她是一个孩子，但她懂很多法语。 8．系动词turn后跟表职业的名词时，名词前不加冠词。 The young girl has turned writer. → The young girl has become a writer. 这个年轻女孩已经成为一位作家。 9． Man泛指“人类”，word指“消息”时，其前不用冠词。 Man can conquer nature. 人定胜天。 Word came that he would be sent abroad. 消息传来他将被派出国。 10．不可数名词不能与不定冠词连用。中考中常见的不可数名词有：baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space (太空), advice, progress, information, news, luck, wealth (财产)等。 Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space. 除了星星，那个宇航员只看见太空，看不到别的东西。 【易错提示】 （1）抽象名词表示具体事物时，变为可数名词，可被a/an修饰，也可有复数形式。 抽象名词 抽象名词具体化 beauty美 a beauty 美丽的人或事物 success成功 a success 成功的人或事 failure失败 a failure 失败的人或事 comfort安慰，舒适 a comfort 令人感到安慰的人或事 danger危险 a danger一个危险分子 surprise吃惊 a surprise 令人感到惊讶的人或事 pleasure开心 a pleasure 令人感到高兴的人或事 wonder奇迹 a wonder 令人感到惊奇的人或事/奇迹 shock震惊，休克 a shock 令人感到震惊的人或事 honour荣誉，荣耀 an honour 令人感到荣耀的人或事 worry烦恼 a worry 令人感到烦恼的人或事 （2） 专有名词、不可数名词（包括物质名词、抽象名词）、人名、称呼语、头衔、职务、季节、年代、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称、球类、棋类和表示泛指的名词前都不用冠词。 如：China, Canada, James, Shanghai, Saturday, Women’s Day等。 但上述类名词如果被一个限制性定语所修饰，表示特定的一个，要加定冠词the。如果表示该类名词中一个具有类似属性的普通一员时，名词前要用不定冠词a/an。 He joined the party in the Spring of 2021. 他在2021年的春天入了党。 The breakfast today was terrible. 今天的早饭糟透了。 We had a wonderful supper. 我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。 12. 零冠词的固定搭配 at risk 有危险 at last最终 at dawn/noon/dusk在黎明/正午/黄昏 by mistake 错误地，无意地 by chance/accident 碰巧地 catch fire 着火 out of control 失控 out of work 失业 face to face 面对面地 for example 例如 from morning till night 从早到晚 on purpose 故意地 on time按时 in danger 处于危险之中 in time 及时 in advance 提前 in debt 负债 in place 在恰当的位置 day and night 夜以继日地 with pleasure高兴地 after school放学后 do harm to...对......有害 13. 固定搭配中含零冠词和有定冠词意义不同的情况 out of the question不可能 out of question毫无疑问 in future今后 in the future将来 in the front of在......的前面（在参照物里） in front of在......的前面（和参照物不相连） in case of以防，万一 in the case of就某人或某事而言 go to class/hospital/school上课/住院/上学 go to the class/hospital/school到课堂/医院/学校 in bed/church/prison/town睡觉/作礼拜/进监狱 in the bed/church/prison/town在床上/在教堂/在监狱里 take advice征求意见 take the advice听从建议 take place发生 take the place of代替 in place of代替 in the place of在......的地方 by day在白天 by the day按日计算 in sight of看见 in the sight of据......的见解 sit at table吃饭 sit at the table在桌旁 in charge of主管，负责 in the charge of在......的看管之下 in possession of拥有 in the possession of...被......所拥有 考点五：冠词的位置 1. 一般情况：冠词位于名词或名词短语的最前面 China is a beautiful Asia country. 中国是一个美丽的亚洲国家。 2. 固定结构： (1) as/so... as…结构中，a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后 Alice is not so smart a girl as I thought.爱丽丝不像我想象中的那么机灵。 (2) so... that…结构中，a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后 It is so difficult a question that no one in our class can answer it. 这个问题如此难以至于我们班没有一个人能够回答。 (3) such... that…结构中，a/an一般应位于such之后，形容词之前 He is such a good boy that we all like him.他是如此好的男孩大家都喜欢他。 (4) too... to...结构中，a/an位于too修饰的形容词之后 Linda is too young a girl to be left by herself at home.琳达太小了，不能把她单独留在家里。 (5) 名词前有形容词rather，quite或very时，不定冠词通常置于rather、quite之后，very之前 It is quite a good job. You should take it.那真是一份好工作，你应该做。 Hurry Pother is a very interesting book.《哈利﹒波特》是一本非常有趣的书。 (6) 名词前有all，both，double，twice等修饰时，冠词应位于其后、名词之前 Both the parents are very strict with their kids.这对父母都对他们的孩子很严格。 3. 感叹句中： (1) what引导的感叹句中，a/an置于what后 What a heavy rain it is! 多么大的雨啊！ What an exciting news he brings us! 他给我们带来了一个多么令人兴奋的消息啊！ (2) how引导的感叹句中，a/an置于how修饰的形容词后 How timely a rain we’ve got in such a dry season! 在这样干燥的季节里，这真是一场及时雨啊！ 基础练习 1．________ moon is smaller than ________ earth. A．A; a B．The; a C．The; the D．A; the 2．There is ________ European here. ________ European is very tall. A．an; The B．a; An C．a; The D．the; The 3．—You don’t look well, Alice. What’s ________ matter with you? —I think I have a headache. A．a B．/ C．the 4．What _______ useful tool! I can use it to help me with many things! A．the B．a C．an D．/ 5．Mulan is ________ exciting movie. It comes from an old Chinese story. A．a B．an C．the 6．— Look! My father is sleeping under ________ umbrella on the beach. — Dear, that’s ________ big beach umbrella. A．a; a B．an; an C．an; a D．a; an 7．—Do you play ________ basketball on the playground every day, Mike? —Yes, I hope to be ________ basketball player in the future. A．a, a B．a, the C．/, a 8．—Do you know the result of ________ singing competition? —Yes. Anne is the winner. She is ________ outgoing girl from Class Three. A．a; a B．a; an C．the; a D．the; an 9．Amy had ____________ flu last week. She felt terrible. A．a B．an C．the 10．—What’s the matter with you, Mary? —I have ________ bad stomachache. A．a B．the C．/ 11．—Who’s ________ boy under the tree? — Oh, he is my friend Bill. He plays ________ important role in the talent show. A．a; an B．a; the C．the; an 12．What  ________ useful book! And ________ book is popular with students. A．an; a B．a; a C．a; the D．an; the 13．_________ second Sunday in May is Mother’s Day. It’s _________ special day for children to show their love to their mothers. A．The; the B．The; a C．/; a 14．—Did Alice tell you ________ joke? —No. She told me________ exciting story. A．an; an B．a; a C．an; a D．a; an 15．It’s raining hard outside and I need to buy ________ umbrella in the mall. A．a B．an C．the 16．—Greg is watching ________ action movie. —Yes, ________ movie is very exciting. A．a; the B．an; an C．a; a D．an; the 17．Paper is ________ important invention. A．an B．a C．the D．/ 18．We are thinking of taking ________ one-day trip to the mountains during the holiday. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 19．—Who is ________ girl in front of the library? —The one with ________ umbrella? She is our new teacher. A．the; a B．the; an C．a; an D．a; the 20．English is ________ useful tool when you talk with foreigners. A．a B．an C．the 21．His uncle has worked as a teacher in ________ university for 20 years. A．an B．a C．the D．/ 22．Linda loves playing ________ piano, and Jack likes playing ________ basketball. A．/; / B．the; the C．the; / D．/; he 23．—They say Andrew can play ________ chess very well. —Yes, he is really ________ excellent chess player. A．the; an B．不填; a C．不填; an D．the; 不填 24． Among all Chinese traditional arts, Nancy likes ________ Beijing opera best because it is really ________ fun. A．/; a B．/; / C．the; a D．a; / 25．—What are you going to do this weekend? —I’m going to play________ soccer and play________ piano this weekend. A．a; the B．/; a C．/; the D．the; a 26．________ girl in a red dress is my sister, and she likes playing ________ chess. A．A, the B．The, / C．The, the D．A, / 27．Once upon a time, there was ________ university in ________ Europe. A．a, a B．a, / C．an, an D．an, / 28．— Which boy is your brother? — ________ one with glasses. A．A B．An C．/ D．The 29．—How about watching ________ educational movie? —Sounds great. Let’s watch ________ movie Chang’an. It is wonderful. A．an; the B．the; a C．an; an 30．—What do you think of ________ film Chang’an? —Oh, it’s ________ excellent film. My family all love it. A． a; the B．the; an C．the; / D．/; an 提升训练 (PART 1) 一、单项选择 1．Alice is talented in playing ________ piano. She wants to be a pianist when she grows up. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．“You are welcome” is ________ old way to reply to “Thanks”. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．—It’s _______ nice day, isn’t it? —Yes, we can play outside! A． an B．the C．a D．/ 4．On May 31, 2021, China introduced a new policy (政策), allowing all families to have ________ third child to increase the nation’s birthrate (出生率). A．a B．the C．an D．\ 5．Bob loves physics so he wants to be ________ engineer when he grows up. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 6．—Mike still told the truth, though he had nothing to do with the broken glass. —________ honest boy he is! A． How a B．What a C．How D．What an 7．Mr. Smith is ________ old man and he usually walks his dog after ________ supper. A．a; the B．an; a C．an; / D．the; / 8．The young man always gives a helping hand to ________ old in his community. A．a B．an C．the D．不填 9．Everyone should play ________ part in saving ________ earth. A．a; an B．a; the C．the; / D．the; an 10．Li Dazhao was ________ pioneer of the Chinese revolution. Many people admire him till now. A．a B．an C．the 11．—Do you know Yao Ming? —Yes, of course. He is a famous basketball player. He can play ________ basketball well. A． a B．/ C．the 12．One of the most important traditions in China is to respect ________ old. A．a B．an C．The 13．—Who is the boy in a purple coat over there? —He’s my cousin Judy. He can play ________ guitar well. A． the B．an C．a D．/ 14．David is good at playing ________ piano although he is only 5 years old. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 15．There is a pen on the desk. ________ pen is purple. A．A B．An C．The 16．—Did you have ________ fun at the party? —Yes. It came to ________ end at midnight. A． a; / B．/; an C．a; an 17．—Jane, have you heard of Martin Luther King? —Yes. He is __________ person who gave a speech called I have a dream. A． a B．an C．the D．/ 18．Sandy is ________ only child of her family and she is ________ member of the school Reading Club. A．a; the B．an; a C．the; a D．the; the 19．Jenny’s pen pal is from ________ European country, not________ Asian country. A．an; an B．an; a C．a; an 20．There is ________ beautiful mountain in Yongchuan. It’s called Mountain Tea Bamboo Sea. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 21．There will be ________ important speech on how to be successful. You can’t miss it. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 22．Beijing, ________ capital of China, has ________ long history. A．the; / B．a; the C．the; a D．the; the 23．The girl is ________ excellent sports star. She achieved her dream in the Winter Olympic games. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 24．I usually have ________ breakfast at 7 o’clock, and I had _________ big breakfast this morning. A．/, a B．a, a C．/, the D．a, the 25．—What did you have for breakfast this morning? —I had ________ egg and some bread. A． a B．an C．the D．/ 26．— Who is ________ man in front of the post office? — The one with ________ umbrella? He is our English teacher. A． a; an B．the; an C．the; a D．a; the 27．China has helped end 70% of poverty worldwide since ________ late 1970s, according to ________ World Bank. A．a; a B．the; the C．a; the 28．— Lily, what’s your plan for the coming summer holiday? — I’ll have ________ one-week trip to Nanjing to relax myself. A． / B．a C．an D．The 29．—Could you tell me something about CTFR News Hour? —Of course. It’s ________ one-hour round-up of world news. A． a B．the C．An 30．You shouldn’t go to ________ school with ________ empty stomach. It’s not good for your health. A．a: / B．/; the C．/; an 31．I’ve kept ________ empty bottle all the time because it’s ________ unusual one for me. A．a; an B．the; an C．an; the D．the; the 32．Qingming Festival has become_______ important holiday from an originally simple farming day. A．a B．an C．The 33．Hu Jinchu, also known as the “panda papa”, was ________ first man to study giant pandas in China. A．a B．an C．The 34．The Little Prince is really________ interesting book which teaches children how to love. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 35．To provide ________ quieter learning environment for ________ students who want to study better, our school allow them to study at school on weekends. A．the; the B．a ; the C．the;/ 二、完型填空 During the ongoing battle against COVID-19, you may have read that some food and oil 36 quickly kill the virus. This, of course, is far from the 37 . While the nation continues to fight against the virus, it makes 38 effort to fight the spread of misinformation. In the internet age, the nature of how information 39 has changed. Information and misinformation can spread to thousands of people 40 seconds. For most people, they prefer passing on information 41 will cause people’s interest. 42 it is a fact is not always the most important, especially in times of public crisis . Misinformation could be more dangerous than the virus 43 . Misinformation is making the work of our heroic workers even 44 . It causes confusion and spreads fear. During the fight against the virus, the WHO is not just fighting the virus, but also fighting conspiracy theories . It is true that we have to tell right from wrong, we are expected 45 in science and don’t spread rumors . 36．A．can B．must C．need D．should 37．A．true B．truely C．trued D．truth 38．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 39．A．spread B．spreaded C．is spread D．was spread 40．A．in B．On C．with D．for 41．A．What B．how C．which D．who 42．A．However B．Whether C．When D．But 43．A．it B．its C．it’s D．itself 44．A．hard B．hardly C．Harder D．hardest 45．A．believe B．Believed C．believing D．to believe 提升训练 (PART 2) 1．It’s _________ unusual experience for students to visit FAST (天眼) in Guizhou. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．—Did you see ________ film Speed and Passion Ten last weekend? —Yes, it’s ________ exciting film! A．a; the B．a; an C．the; an D．the; the 3．The Paris 2024 Summer Olympic Games will be a big party for people around world. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 4．—Do you know Dong Yuhui? —Of course. He is one of the English teachers at New Oriental and has become ________ super star on Douyin. A．an B．the C．a D．/ 5．—Could you tell me something about Switzerland? —Oh, it is ________ European country with a beautiful environment. A．an B．a C．the D．/ 6．— Have you heard of ________ film Yolo《热辣滚烫》? — Of course, it has been a hot topic since it was first shown on 10th February, 2024. A．the B．a C．an D．/ 7．—How about going to ________ European country on vacation? —________ a good idea! That sounds very interesting! A．a; What B．an; What C．a; How D．an; How 8．We Chinese have the tradition of respecting ______ old. A．the B．/ C．an D．a 9．—Jenny, why not go for ________ picnic this Saturday? —Sounds great. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 10．On ________ Children’s Day, Jack received a prize for being ________ honest boy. A．a; the B．/; the C．/; an D．the; a 真题感知 (PART 1) 一、单项选择 1．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考）Hangzhou will hold ________ 19th Asian Games in 2023. A．a B．an C．The 2．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考）—What do you think of the guide book Lonely Planet? —Oh, it is really _________ useful one. You can always find _________ information you need while traveling. A． a; a B．an; an C．a; the D．an; the 3．（2023·甘肃白银·统考中考）There are 60 minutes in ________ hour. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 4．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考）Yangzhou is ________ city full of ________ history, culture and mouthwatering food. A．the; a B．a; a C．the; the D．a; / 5．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考）The C919 is ______ large plane made by China. A．a B．an C．The 6．（2023·天津·统考中考）My mother is making ________ apple pie and I want to try ________ piece. A．a; an B．a; 不填 C．an; a D．an; 不填 7．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考）China is ________ country with a history of more than 5,000 years. A．the B．a C．an D．/ 8．（2023·四川成都·统考中考）The 31st Summer Universiade (大运会) is ________ big event for Chengdu. A．a B．an C．The 9．（2023·四川达州·统考中考）—Hi, Lily, have you ever heard of Zibo, ________ city in ________ center of Shandong province, is known for its barbecue these days? —Sure. I expect to visit it and have a taste of the special food. A． a, a B．a, the C．the, the 二、语法选择（2023·广东广州·统考中考） It was a beautiful spring day in a forest in ancient China. High up in a tree, a mother bird was watching 1 six baby birds come out of the eggs lovingly. Five of them were strong. They chirped loudly. But 2 last one that came out was not strong at all. This little one 3 Little Six. He was weak and quiet. He was not fast enough 4 the worms (虫子) Mama Bird brought back. Little Six ate 5 food, so he was always hungry. And he didn’t like that. Little Six didn’t have a strong body. 6 he had a strong will. He decided 7 he would get stronger. He would do exercises and flap (拍动) his wings every day. Every morning, Little Six would rise 8 the sun even came up. When his brothers and sisters woke, Little Six had already finished all his exercises. Morning after morning, he practiced 9 his wings, and they were getting stronger and stronger. He always got the first worms Mama brought back home. All through the spring, Little Six woke up 10 than his brothers and sisters. Week after week, he worked harder than they did. He 11 eat big meals and did not go hungry any more. After a couple of months, all the baby birds had grown well. Mama Bird brought them together and 12 them to fly. 13 everyone’s surprise, Little Six was the first to start flying! “Chirp! Chirp! 14 at me!” Little Six cried 15 while his brothers and sisters still fought hard, trying to fly up. 1．A．she B．her C．hers D．herself 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．called B．was calling C．was called D．were called 4．A．get B．got C．getting D．to get 5．A．little B．Few C．much D．many 6．A．and B．But C．because D．so 7．A．what B．why C．when D．that 8．A．before B．after C．Until D．if 9．A．flap B．to flap C．flapping D．flapped 10．A．Early B．earlier C．earliest D．the earliest 11．A．Could B．might C．should D．must 12．A．teach B．teaches C．taught D．will teach 13．A．In B．To C．For D．At 14．A．Look B．Looks C．To look D．Looking 15．A．happy B．happier C．Happiness D．Happily 真题感知 (PART 2) 一、单项选择 1．（2024·西藏·中考）Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the “Father of China’s Railroad”. A．/ B．a C．an D．the 2．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考）I want to be _______ scientist like Qian Xuesen when I grow up. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．（2024·黑龙江·中考）—Shenzhou-18 with three astronauts was sent up on April 25th, 2024. It’s such ________ exciting event. —Yes. And the astronauts are our heroes. I want to be ________ useful person like them. A．a, an B．an, a C．a, the 4．（2024·天津·中考）My grandma has got ________ garden. And ________ flowers in it are beautiful. A．a; the B．an; the C．不填; 不填 D．an; 不填 5．（2024·山东滨州·中考）—The final exam is coming. How is it going? —Not bad, thanks. I just treat it as _________ usual one. I think I can make it. A． a B．an C．the D．/ 二、短文填空 （2024·浙江·中考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Martin is a boy full of questions. He asks questions all day long and 1 (hope) to get the answers at once. One morning, he looked up at the sky 2 asked, “What makes the day? What makes the night? And how?” “The earth travels around the sun. It turns to face the sun to make the day and turns away from the sun to make the night,” said 3 (he) father. “Now please, will you go and play?” But the boy didn’t want 4 (play). He looked up, down, and all around, and said, “I can’t feel the earth turning. Why?” “The earth is so big. We’re too small to feel it turn.” Dad replied in a much 5 (loud) voice. “Now please, will you go and play 6 a moment?” Martin tried. He played with some 7 (toy), and then studied the pictures of the sun and the earth, but questions were still everywhere! At bedtime, while his mother 8 (tell) him a story. Martin couldn’t help asking. “ 9 can see the sun now?” “People on the other side of the earth,” Mom answered gently. “Hmm,” she thought, “maybe he will become 10 great scientist in the future.” Martin lay in his bed and kept on thinking about the sun, the earth, the moon and the stars. （2024·山东济南·中考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last week I competed in the school spelling bee. This vocabulary competition 11 (hold) at our school every year. This year was the first time 12 me to take part in it. We all sat in three rows on the stage. When I looked up, I saw that the whole school had come 13 (watch) us take turns to spell words aloud. Suddenly, I felt very nervous. Soon, the spelling bee began. One at a time, each of 14 (we) stood at the microphone in the center of the stage. The judge (裁判) pronounced a word slowly. You had to spell it 15 (correct) to stay in the contest. The judge began with a list of easy words, but soon the words got 16 (hard). I had to spell the word “acrobat”. I tried. I tried to picture it in my mind. Then I started to spell aloud, 17 I said the letter “k” instead of “e”. As soon as I said the wrong letter, I knew I had made 18 mistake. But it was too late! I still smiled as I left the stage. My classmates 19 (cheer) to show they were proud of how hard I had tried. Of course, I was a little disappointed that I did not win, but 20 (try) again next year! 专题2 代词pron. 知识框架 考点汇总 代词的定义：代词是用来替代名词的词，也用来代替起名词作用的短语和句子。 考点一：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 主格 I we you he she it they 宾格 me us you him her it them 翻译 我 我们 你，你们 他 她 它 他们 物主代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性物主代词 my our your his her its their 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours his hers its theirs 翻译 我的 我们的 你的，你们的 他的 她的 它的 他们的 反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 反身代词 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves 翻译 我自己 我们自己 你自己 你们自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 他们自己 1．人称代词的用法 （1）通常主格作主语（在句首，动词前）。 He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。 （2）宾格作宾语（在动词或介词后）或作表语（在be动词后）。 Can you understand me? 你能理解我吗？（作宾语） —Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？ —It’s me. 是我。（作表语） （3）人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。 Sam is much taller than I/me. 山姆比我高得多。 （4）单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它代表主语时也是如此。 —I like travelling. 我喜欢旅游。 —Me too. 我也喜欢。 （5）人称代词并列时的排列顺序。 ①人称代词单数并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称→第三人称→第一人称，即you, he/she/it and I（若是承担错误责任，第一人称应当先）。 It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰使她生气了。 ②复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称→第二人称→第三人称，即we, you and they。 2．物主代词的用法 （1）形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能放在名词前作定语，后面一定要跟一个名词。 如：my book，your name，their hobbies ①放在被拥有的物体名词前，指明事物的归属者。 My book is on the desk. 我的书在桌子上。 ②放在被拥有的事物名词前，表示事物与某人有某种联系。 He is my younger brother. 他是我的弟弟。 ③用于描述说话人对自己所做的事情或某人对某人自己所做的事情。 She is brushing her teeth. 她正在刷牙。 ④放在表示动作的名词之前，指明动作的施行者。 not long after our arrival 在我们到达后不久 ⑤放在表示动作的名词之前，指明动作的承受者。 Jim and his supporters 吉姆和他的支持者们 ⑥用于头衔 Your Majesty（陛下） Would Your Highness like a cup of tea? 阁下想要一杯茶吗？ 【注意】 ① 形容词性物主代词的选择应根据事物的所有者的“人称”（第一/二/三人称）和“数”（单/复数）来确定。 ② 形容词性物主代词通常修饰有生命的事物，如“the door”“the door of the room”比“its door”更常见。 ③ 表示某物属于某人或某物，或者与某人某物有关可以用名词所有格或“of +介词短语”表示。 （2）名词性物主代词相当于名词，后面不能加名词，可单独使用，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。相当于＂形容词性物主代词+名词＂。 ①用于说明某事物与刚提及的事物类别相同，但属于其他人。 Sarah’ s house is much bigger than ours. 萨拉的房子比我们的房子要大很多。 ②常用于＂of＂引出的介词短语，表示所谈及的是群体中的一员。 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友（表示许多朋友中的一个） 3．反身代词的习惯用语 apply oneself to 致力于..... by oneself　 独自地 behave oneself 举止良好 come to oneself 苏醒过来 devote oneself to 专心于 dress oneself 自己穿衣；穿着，打扮 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 for oneself 亲自 help oneself to 随便吃，随便用 seat oneself 坐下来 say to oneself 心里想 teach oneself 自学 of oneself 自动地 考点二：指示代词 指示代词 距离近 距离远 单数 this（这个） that（那个） 复数 these（这些） those（那些） 1. this/these指下文要提到的事。 Please remember this: No pain ,no gain. 请记住：没有付出就没有收获。 2. that/those指前面刚刚提到过的事。 He was ill.That was why he didn't go to school. 他生病了，这就是为什么他没去学校的原因。 3. 打电话时用this介绍自己，that询问对方。 — Who's that speaking? 请问是谁？ — This is Mike speaking. 我是Mike。 考点三：不定代词 不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词，表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。 1. 不定代词的句法功能 不定代词 成分 all，both，each，neither，either，much，little，many，few，other，some，any，one 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语 everyone，everybody，everything，someone， somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，no one，nobody，nothing，none 在句中可作主语、宾语和表语 every，no 在句中只能作定语 2. 不定代词的基本用法 some, any的用法 用法 例句 some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词 Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。(修饰不可数名词) Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗？(修饰可数名词) some多用于肯定句；在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any Some of the boys are good at swimming. 一些男孩擅长游泳。 Will you give me some water? 请给我一些水好吗? any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中；用于肯定句中，表示“任何” If you have any questions, please ask me. 如果你有问题，可以问我。 Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子都需要爱。 some和any可以用来修饰单数名词，some表示“某一”；any表示“任何的” Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。 Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 某天中国人将会飞上月球。 few，a few，little，a little的用法 用法 用于可数名词 用于不可数名词 表示肯定概念 a few虽少，但有几个 a little虽少，但有一点 表示否定概念 few不多，几乎没有 little不多，没有什么 【知识拓展】 1. 这四个词或词组在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。 Few of us have been to Beijing. 我们中几乎没有人去过北京。(主语) I know little about the book. 我几乎不知道这本书的内容。(宾语) There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。(定语) 2. a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 I’ m a little hungry. 我有点俄。(修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. 让他睡一会儿。(修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. 玛丽，请走快一点儿。(修饰副词比较级) other，the other，others，the others，another的用法 用法 例句 泛指 other 某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面要跟单数名词或复数名词 Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里? others 其他。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西，常用于“some... others”结构 Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的，另一些是黑的。 特指 the other 两个中的另一个，剩下的一个。常用于“one... the other...”结构 She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐，一个是护士，另一个是老师。 the others 其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外，其他都是中国人。 another 另，再，又。可单独用，也可接单数名词或名词复数 You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里，不是吗? all，both，none，either，neither的用法 不定代词 用法 all ① 侧重指三者或三者以上“都，全部”，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语； All the students are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。 ② all于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定使用none。 Not all books are good. = All books are not good. 不是所有的书都是好书。 【知识拓展】all作主语，指代人时，谓语动词使用复数形式，指代事情时，谓语动词一般使用单数；作同位语时，all在句中的位置与both相同。 All goes very well. 一切进展非常顺利。 both ① 表示“两者都”，可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语； ② 用于否定句表示部分否定，全部否定使用neither； They both are not workers. 他们两个不都是工人。 ③both... and“两者都，既……又……”。 Both Carl and Jeff are good at playing football. 卡尔和杰夫都擅长踢足球 【知识拓展】both作主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式；作主语的同位语时，位于be动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。 Both of them have been to Beijing. 他们两人都去过北京。 They all enjoyed it. 他们都喜欢它。 none ① 意为“没有人，没有一个，一点儿也没有”，作主语和宾语，不作定语； ② none指代可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可，而指代不可数名词时，谓语动词必须使用单数形式。 None of the books are mine. 这些书都不是我的。 None of the rubbish has been removed. 垃圾一点也没运走。 【易错警示】none与no one的区别：none既可指人，又可指物，而no one意为“没有人”，只能用于指人。作主语时，谓语用单数；none可以与of搭配，而no one无此用法；none用于回答how many或how much引出的特殊疑问句，而no one用于回答who引出的特殊疑问句。 —How many students are there in the classroom now? 现在教室里有多少学生？ —None. 没有一个人。 —Who is in the classroom now? 现在谁在教室呢？ —No one. 没人。 either ① 表示“两者中任何一个”，可作主语、宾语和定语； ② either作主语时，谓语动词应使用单数形式；作定语时，修饰单数名词。 You can park on either side of the street. 你在街道的哪边停车都可以。 The two guests have arrived and either is welcome. 两个客人都到了，而且都受欢迎。 【知识拓展】 （1）either可用于搭配“either... or...”，意为“或者……或者……；要么……要么……”。 Either he or I am to blame. 或者他或者我将受到责备。 （2）either可作为副词，意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。 He won’ t go and I won’ t go either. 他不去，我也不去。 neither ① 意为“两者都不”，可作主语、宾语和定语； ② neither... nor...“既不……也不……”。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。 Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。 【易错警示】neither作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式；作定语时，修饰单数名词。 复合不定代词的用法 由some，any，every，no与one，body，thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词，如something，everybody，anyone，nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。 用法 例句 复合不定代词一般用作单数，在句中作主语、宾语或表语 Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语) Do you need anything? 你需要点什么吗?(宾语) Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语) 复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语须放在它们后面 There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。 由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似，而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时，常表示＂无论什么东西，随便什么东西/事情＂ There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。 Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗？ it的特殊用法 1. it指天气、时间、距离、环境； It is twenty miles from here to the village. 从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。 2. it代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法等； Although he didn’t like it, I decided to see the movie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。 3. 身份不明的人或婴儿； What will you call it if it is a boy? 要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？ 4. it用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。 ▶ 常考it作形式主语的句型： 1. It + be +adj./n.+for/of+不定式; 对某人来说做某事是......的。 2. It + is +no good/use/useless doing sth.； 3. It + be +名词词组（a pity/ a fact/ no wonder...）/adj.+that从句 4. It’s well worth doing... 5. It+特殊动词(appear/seem/turn out/occur to sb....)+that从句 6. It + be +过去分词+that从句 7. It + takes sb some time/some money to do sth. It is a pity that you can’t go with her. 你不能和她一起去真是太遗憾了。 As far as I'm concerned, it is no use arguing with him; he won't change his mind. 就我个人而言，同他争论没用，他不会改变主意。 It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake. 据报道有16人在这次地震中丧生。 ▶ 常考it作形式宾语的句型： 1. 主语+consider/believe/think/feel/make/suppose/keep...+it+adj./n.+for/of sb do/that从句 2. 主语+consider/believe/think/feel/make/suppose/keep...+it+useless+worth+worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy...+doing... 3. I take it that...我的理解是...... 4. I don’t mind it if...我不介意...... 5. As someone puts it...像某人所说的那样...... 6. You can depend/count on it that...你可以相信/指望...... I find it easy to get on with John. 我发现和约翰相处很容易。 He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没有说清楚何时何地举行会议。 5. 表示“喜欢、爱恨”等心理活动的动词后面接it作形式宾语再接从句，it为形式宾语，指代后面的从句，这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。 I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone. 不得不用法语打电话，我感到很厌烦。 I like it when she sings me a song. 我喜欢她为我唱歌。 I would appreciate it if you could help me. 如果您能帮我，我将不胜感激。 6. it用于强调句型中。 It is on the farm where we worked together that we got to know each other. 我们是在一起工作过的农场上相互认识的。 7. it可用于意义表达不明确的语境中，通常不指代内容； get it(明白了)；make it(成功了)；forget it(算了） 【易错提示】 （1） It＋be＋时间段＋since引导的状语从句 这个句型表示“自……以来已多久了”。表示现在的情况时，主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句多用一般过去时；表示过去的情况时，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。 It is three years since his father passed away. 自从他父亲去世已经三年了。 It was 10 years since they had married. 自从他们结婚已经十年了。 （2） It＋be＋时间段＋before引导的状语从句 这个句型中的“时间段”一般为some time, long, ... years, ... months, ... weeks, ... days, ... hours, ... minutes等。主句中的be可用一般过去时was/were或一般将来时will be：用was/were时，before从句用一般过去时；用will be时，before从句常用一般现在时。 It wasn't long before he told us about this affair. 过多久他就告诉了我们这件事情。 It will be many years before the situation improves. 这种状况要过许多年才能得到改善。 （3） It＋be＋时间点＋when引导的状语从句 这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句的谓语动词和从句的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，但是当主句是将来时时，从句一般用一般现在时代替将来时。 It was already 8 o'clock when we got home. 我们到家时已经8点了。 （4） It＋be＋time＋that引导的从句 这个句型中从句需用虚拟语气，该句型表示“是做……的时候了”，从句谓语动词常用过去式(be用were)。time之前有时可加上high或about以加强语气。 It is high time (that) she wrote a letter to her mother. 她早该写一封信给她妈妈了。 （5） It＋be＋the first/second/third ... time＋that引导的从句 这个句型表示“这/那是某人第几次做某事”。主句中be是is时，从句要用现在完成时；主句中be是was时，则从句需相应地用过去完成时。 It is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall. 这是这些欧洲人第一次参观长城。 考点四：疑问代词 用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词，它们一般位于句首。 代词 用法 例句 Who 表示＂谁＂，可以指代单数和复数名词，在句中作主语、宾语或表语 Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日？ Whom 表示＂谁＂，可以指代单数和复数。whom只能作动词的宾语或介词的宾语，不直接跟在介词后时可用who替换，位于介词后作介词宾语时只能用whom To whom you were talking just now? 你刚才和谁说话呢? Whom/Who did you often play with when you were a child? 小时候你经常和谁玩? Whose 表示＂谁的＂，既可置于名词前作定语，也可单独使用，在句中常作主语、宾语、定语或表语 Whose iPad is this? 这是谁的iPad？ (定语) Whose is this iPad? 这个iPad是谁的？ (表语) Which 表示＂哪一个(些)＂，既可指人也可指物，可指可数名词单、复数，也可指不可数名词，在句中常作主语、宾语或定语 Which animal do you like best? 你最喜欢哪种动物? Which is cheaper, this printer or that one? 这台打印机和那台打印机，哪台更便宜？ what 表示＂什么＂，可单独使用，也可放在名词前，既可以指代或修饰不可数名词，也可以指代或修饰可数名词的单、复数。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语 What makes you love your hometown so much? 是什么使你这么热爱你的家乡？ 【易错警示】 which和what的用法辨析 用which提问，指在相当数目的人或物中进行选择，限制在一定的范围内；用what提问，不限制范围。 ► Which do you like, rice or meat? 你喜欢什么，米饭还是肉？ ► What do you like? 你喜欢什么？ 【知识拓展】 what的常见用法 1. 用于询问职业：What be+主语?或What do/does/did+主语+ do? ► What does your father do?=What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 2. 用于询问天气或品行：What be+主语+like? ► What’ s the weather like? 天气怎么样？ 3. 用于询问外貌、长相：What do/does/did+主语+look like? ► What does she look like? 她长什么样？ 4. 征求对方的意见：What about ...? ► What about going out for a movie? 出去看电影怎么样？ 1. ________ of my parents goes to work by car. They take the subway instead.基础练习 A. None B. Neither C. All D. Both 2. Never do anything bad because you think it's too small. You never know________ it can lead. A. how B. what C. where D. when 3.When times are difficult, tell that pain is part of growing. A. you B. yourself C. your D. yours 4.The New Year Concert was so amazing that left in the middle of it. A. Everybody B. anybody C. nobody D. somebody 5.We haven’t got meat for dinner. Let’s buy____chicken. A. some; some B. some; any C. any; any D. any; some 6.—Happy birthday, Mr. Wang! Here are some presents from ________ of us. —Thank you so much, boys and girls! A. both B. neither C. either D. all 7. My brother has lost his watch. Now he is looking for____ A. one B. this C. that D. it 8.—Oh, I forgot to bring my umbrella. — I’ve got one. You can share . A. yours B. ours C. mine 9. The clever boy said to ___________, “ I’ll do ___________ best to work out the problem.” A. him; his B. herself; my C. himself; my D. himself; his 10. —So sorry, I took your school T-shirt by mistake. But where is ______? — Don’t worry. Let me help you find it. A. yours B. his C. mine 11.We haven't got_______meat for dinner. Let's buy______ chicken. A.some;some　　 B.some;any C.any;any　　 D.any;some 12.—This room is too small. I'd like to ask for_________. —Sure. We have rooms available here. A.another　　 B.the other C.one　 　D.it 13.—May I help you with some jeans, sir? —Yes, I'd like to try on those blue_______ . A.one　　 B.pair　　 C.two　 　D.ones 14.Sam finds sweeping robots useful, and he plans to buy______for his grandma. A.it　　 B.one　　 C.this　 　D.that 15.Could you stay a little longer? I have_____more to tell you about the plan for tomorrow. A.something 　　B.everything C.anything　 　D.nothing 16.—She is too busy to help us finish the work. —Let's do it______ . A.herself　　 B.myself C.itself D.ourselves 17.Tom's iPad is much newer than_______. And it is also more expensive. A.I　　 B.me　　 C.my　　 D.mine 18.Doctor Bethune sometimes had to treat the wounded on_____ own. A.him　　 B.his　　 C.them　　 D.their 19.I'm surprised at the new look of______hometown. A.I　　 B.me　　 C.my　　 D.mine 20.In our lives, our parents give us love and warmth. In return, we should understand and care about________ . A.us　　 B.you　　 C.them 21.Boxing Day, the 26th of December, got_________name from a time when many rich families gave boxes of gifts to poor people who had to work at Christmas. A.it's　　 B.its　　 C.one's　　 D.one 22.—Is this _____computer? —Yes, it's 　　    . My mother bought it for me. A.you;me　　 B.your;my C.yours;mine　　 D.your;mine 23.His name is James, but he usually calls_____ Jim. A.he　　 B.him　　 C.his　　 D.himself 24.I asked____ to do_____schoolwork by______ . A.him...his...himself　　 B.her...her...itself C.her...his...myself　 　D.him...her...herself 25.—Do you like watching ping-pong matches? —Yes, and_________favorite ping-pong player is Ma Long. A.we　　 B.us　　 C.our　　 D.ours 26.Good words can touch not only your heart but also_________. A.I　　 B.my　　 C.myself　　 D.mine 27.Miss Smith, an American lady, has taught _________ English for three years. A.we　　 B.us　　 C.our 28.—Are Sandy and Kate_________ good friends? —Yes,they are.Please look after　　    . A.your;their 　　 B.your;them C.yours;theirs 　　 D.you;them 29.—I tried many ways to solve the problem, but_________  of them worked. —Never give up. You'll surely make it. A.all　　 B.none C.Neither 30.—The fridges are on sale in the supermarket today. —Really?Let's go and buy_________ for our new kitchen. A.one　　 B.it C.that　　 D.them 31.—Did Qingdao show_________to the world during the SCO Summit (上海合作组织峰会)? —Sure! Her beauty, high technology and rapid development. A.something special　　 B.anything special C.special something　　 D.special anything 32.—How many apples can I have? —You can have two._________are for Jim. A.The others B.Others C.The other 33.We had fun and learnt_________new as well. We had a good time. A.something　　 B.anything C.nothing　　 D.everything 34.—The frozen yogurt tastes like ice cream but has _________  of the fat. —It suits me fine. I'm on a diet. A.none　　 B.neither　　 C.any　　 D.some 35.—Our classroom is so clean. Who's cleaned it, Li Fei? —Sorry, I don't know. I think_________did it before class. A.somebody　　 B.nobody　     C.everyone　　 D.anyone 36.There are fifty students in Class One. Twenty of them are boys;_________are girls. A.the other　　 B.the others C.others　　 D.another 37.—I have two soccer balls. What about you? —Oh, I don't have_________ . A.some　　 B.no　　 C.any　　 D.much 38.The skirt looks nice on you.Where did you buy　_________    ? A.it　　 B.one　　 C.that 39.—Heres a box of chocolate on our desk. For me or for your mom? —It's _________,Dad. Happy Father's Day! A.hers　　 B.her　　 C.yours　　 D.you 40.Good books are like wise friends,because_________ support you to walk forward and help you understand the world. A.they　　 B.their C.them　　 D.themselves 提升训练 (PART 1) 一、单项选择 1．— When shall we go boating, Saturday or Sunday? — ________ is OK. I’m free the whole weekend. A． All B．Either C．None 2．—Where would you like to go tomorrow, Huangguoshu Waterfall or Dragon Palace? —________ is OK for me. It’s up to you. A．Either B．Both C．Neither 3．—What does Tsinghua dinner hall do to encourage action for China’s Clear Your Plate Campaign? —If you eat ________ up on your plate, you can get a small gift. A．anything B．something C．everything 4．—Have you seen the newspaper I bought this morning? —Well, Tom is reading ________ over there. Maybe it is yours. A．it B．that C．one 5．—The maths exam was very easy, wasn’t it? —Yes, but I don’t think ________ could pass it. A．nobody B．anybody C．somebody D．everybody 6．The question is quite difficult, so ________ students can work it out. A．few B．little C．a little D．many 7．—Which of those electronic dictionaries in the shop do you like most? —________. They are both expensive and of little use. A．Both B．All C．Neither D．None 8．—Do you want to play classical music or folk music? — ________. I prefer pop music. A．Both B．None C．Neither D．Either 9．Wuhan is such a beautiful city with many places of interest that we stayed longer for ________ two days. A．other B．else C．another D．more 10．Most people have the habit of talking to ________ when they are alone. A．them B．they C．their D．themselves 11．—This kind of robots can do a lot of housework and save us much time. —What about buying ________ for Mother? A．one B．them C．it 12．After a busy day, ________ is better than enjoying dinner with all my family members. A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 13．—I think either of the books is OK. You know, Mary loves all kinds of books. —I agree with you. So I decide to buy ________ of them for her. A．all B．any C．both D．neither 14．—Young people should learn from astronaut Wang Yaping and follow ________ own dreams. —Yes. You are right. A．her B．his C．your D．their 15．Children should learn some living skills to take good care of ________. A．herself B．himself C．themselves 16．—Did everyone have a good time? —Oh, yes. ________ was excellent. We love it so much. A．Something B．Nothing C．Everything 17．Meng Wanzhou, the CEO of Huawei Company, shared ________ thoughts with a poem when she was on the flight to China. A．her B．she C．hers 18．It’s necessary for us students to do the homework by __________. A．us B．ourselves C．yourselves D．you 19．The red bike under the tree belongs to Andy. ________ is over there. A．Me B．My C．Mine 20．—What would you like to order online, coffee or tea? —_________. Water is OK. A．Both B．Neither C．Either 21．—Tony, are you sure you’ve got ________ ready? We are going to set out soon. —Fine, Mum. I’m going to check it one more time. A．something B．everything C．nothing D．anything 22．—It’s raining hard outside. But I can’t find ________ umbrella, can I share ________? —Sure! A．mine; your B．my; your C．my; yours D．mine; yours 23．This pair of shoes is nice. Can I ________? A．put on them B．try on them C．try them on 24．—Is this your toy car? —No, it’s not ________. It belongs to ________, my little brother Toby. A．my; him B．mine; his C．my; his D．mine; him 25．________ of the students has his own opinion about that topic. A．Every B．Each C．All D．Both 二、语法选择 Ladies and Gentlemen, Thank you for coming to attend the graduate ceremony. First of all, I’d like to congratulate all the students 26 are here today. I remember 27 all of you when you just started Grade 7 at this school. You were so full of energy and thirsty for knowledge. And some of you were a little difficult 28 ! But today, you’ve all grown up so much and I am so proud of you. Although you’ve all worked very hard over the last three years, none of you did it alone. I hope you 29 the important people in your lives who helped and supported you. Please consider 30 they’ve done for you. Never fail to be thankful to the people around you. Lastly, the end of junior high school is the beginning of 31 new life. You will have many difficult tasks ahead of you. You’ll make mistakes along the way, 32 the key is to learn from your mistakes and never give up. But along with difficulties, there’ll be many exciting things waiting for you too. Learn the new things, and you’ll have the ability to make your own choices. Choose 33 and be responsible for your decisions and actions. Although you have to go your separate ways now, I hope that you’ll come back to visit our school in a few 34 time. As you set out on your new journey, you shouldn’t forget where you came form. The future is 35 . Good luck and hope to see you again sometime soon! 26．A．whose B．who C．which D．whom 27．A．met B．to meet C．meeting D．meets 28．A．to deal with B．dealing with C．deal with D．dealt with 29．A．remember B．would remember C．have remember D．will remember 30．A．which B．that C．what D．why 31．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 32．A．as B．until C．because D．but 33．A．wisely B．wise C．wiser D．the wisest 34．A．year B．years C．year’s D．years’ 35．A．you B．yours C．your D．yourself 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In ancient China, when friends or relatives were separating, they would pick a willow twig (柳条) and give it to the person who was leaving. This was to express 36 (they) wishes for him to stay. In Chinese, the word for “willow” is pronounced the same 37 the word for “stay”. Many Chinese poets liked writing about willows in their works. One of the 38 (famous) poems is A Farewell Song («送元二使安西») by Wang Wei. It reads, No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain. The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green. I invite you 39 (drink) a cup of wine again. West of the Sunny Pass no more 40 (friend) will be seen. Nowadays, willow twigs can also be seen in modern art. There was an amazing performance about willow twigs. 365 people 41 (hold) willow twigs in their hands on the green stages. At the same time, 42 old painting of weeping willows (垂柳) appeared on the LED screen. The setting of 365 people stood for 365 days, and the color green meant the return of spring. The performance 43 (praise) highly by the people. I was 44 (deep) attracted by traditional Chinese culture,” one of them said. In short, giving a willow twig to a person is not saying goodbye 45 asking him to stay. This is the beauty of Chinese culture. 四、用所给单词适当形式填空 46．Do you know which of the toy rabbits on the desk is ? (she) 47．Some plants can produce chemicals to protect from danger. (them) 48．Please check your ticket. You may be sitting in the wrong seat. It’s . (I) 49．Emily will go to university in another city. She needs to learn to depend on . (she) 50．To be frank, our reasons to the idea sounded more reasonable than . (they) 51．Alice, trust , you can do much better than you think. (you) 52．The boy enjoys riding bike on weekends. (he) 53．As volunteers, we visited an old people’s home and helped the old people there to do many things to cheer up. (they) 54．We went home late because we bought a birthday cake on way home. (we) 55．They are from Russia. So their lifestyle is different from (we). 提升训练 (PART 1) 1．—Is this your English book, Daniel? —No. You’d better ask Amy. She is looking for ________. A．yours B．hers C．his D．mine 2．He told me all the news but ________ of it was very exciting. A．either B．neither C．all D．none 3．—Shall we go to the cinema tonight or tomorrow? —________ is OK with me. I’m free the whole week. A．All B．Both C．Either D．Neither 4．—Which do you prefer, the talk show or the music show? —________. I don’t like any show at all. A．None B．Either C．Both D．Neither 5．—Where did you buy that beautiful hat, from a real shop or a supermarket? —________. I am used to shopping online. A．Neither B．Either C．None D．Both 6．—I think John and Peter did very well in the final match. —Nothing strange. ______ of them are talented players. A．Both B．None C．All D．Neither 7．—Are there any new movies on at the cinema? —Yes. YOLO (《热辣滚烫》) and Pegasus 2 (《飞驰人生2》) are wonderful. You can choose ________ of them to see. A．all B．either C．neither D．none 8．—Whose passport is this? —Mary’s name is on it. It must be ______. A．his B．hers C．him D．her 9．My best friend is ________ a careful girl that she made ________ mistakes in her last exam. A．so; so little B．so; such little C．such; such few D．such; so few 10．Seeing the offer from the university which she was looking forward to, Lily was too excited to say ________. A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 真题感知 (PART 1) 1．（2022·辽宁抚顺·统考中考）All of us can’t avoid making mistakes. After all, ________ is perfect. A．somebody B．anybody C．everybody D．nobody 2．（2022·山东济南·统考中考）Bill’s brother likes playing soccer and ________ is on the school team. A．she B．her C．his D．he 3．（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考）________ name is Kate and ________ wants to be a teacher. A．She; her B．Her; she C．Her; her 4．（2022·湖南株洲·统考中考）Mary is a book lover. She could read by ________ at the age of five. A．herself B．himself C．themselves 5．（2022·湖南湘西·统考中考）Fenghuang Ancient Town is a beautiful place in Xiangxi. You can enjoy ________ there. A．yourself B．himself C．herself 6．（2022·湖南湘西·统考中考）Lei Feng set a good example to the society. We all should learn from ________. A．he B．him C．you 7．（2022·辽宁大连·统考中考）Daming is busy making a list of things for________ camping trip now. A．he B．his C．him D．himself 8．（2022·辽宁沈阳·统考中考）With lights, people can do as ________ things in the evenings as they can in the daytime. A．few B．little C．many D．much 9．（2022·广西玉林·统考中考）—Do you know ________ about the four classic novels of Chinese literature (文学)? —Yes, I learn ________ interesting about Journey to the west.　　 A．anything; anything B．something; anything C．something; something D．anything; something 10．（2022·广西梧州·统考中考）—Which club have you joined, the art club or the football club? —________. I joined the basketball club. A．Both B．None C．Either D．Neither 11．（2022·湖南邵阳·统考中考）— Whose bike is this? Don’t put it here. — Oh, it’s not mine. it’s ________. A．her B．she C．hers 12．（2022·广西河池·统考中考）— Dad, I’m afraid I can’t do well in my math test tomorrow. — Don’t worry. Believe in ________. A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself 13．（2022·辽宁盘锦·统考中考）These two boys enjoy reading. They are talking about ________ favorite writers. A．they B．them C．their D．theirs 14．（2022·辽宁营口·统考中考）—Lucy, is this ________ dictionary? —No, it isn’t. ________ is in my bag. A．your; Yours B．my; Mine C．your; Mine D．my; Hers 15．（2022·辽宁朝阳·统考中考）We took pride in _________ when we succeeded in reaching the top of the mountain finally. A．we B．us C．our D．ourselves 16．（2022·江苏常州·统考中考）Learning is a life-long journey, for it brings us ________ new every day. A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something 真题感知 (PART 2) 一、单项选择 1．（2024·内蒙古·中考）I advise you not to show ________ on Wechat because it may cause trouble. A．anything personal B．personal anything C．something personal D．personal something 2．（2024·江苏淮安·中考）—Oh! I forgot to bring ________ ruler. —Don’t worry. I can share mine with you. A．I B．me C．my D．mine 3．（2024·江苏徐州·中考）—Who was calling you on the phone just now? —________ was my cousin. A．He B．She C．It D．This 4．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考）—Who left this bottle in the lab? —It’s ________, sir. I’ll be careful with my things from now on. A．my B．mine C．yours D．your 5．（2024·江苏镇江·中考）Chemistry is as interesting as Physics. ________ of them help students explore the science world. A．Neither B．Both C．All D．None 6．（2024·西藏·中考）Although he is new in this city, he doesn’t feel lonely because he has ________ friends. A．a few B．few C．a little D．little 7．（2024·北京·中考）My friends and I like sports. ________ often play basketball together after school. A．We B．I C．They D．You 8．（2024·江苏常州·中考）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online. A．herself B．hers C．she D．her 9．（2024·山东东营·中考）—It is my first time taking a vacation in Dongying. —Me too. _______ here is so nice. I love the city. A．Nothing B．Anything C．Something D．Everything 10．（2024·江苏无锡·中考）We’re looking for ________ who can deal with the new computer virus. A．someone B．everyone C．something D．everything 11．（2024·四川雅安·中考）—Tommy, is there____________ in the classroom now? —No. All the students are having a P. E. lesson on the playground. A．everybody B．somebody C．anybody D．nobody 12．（2024·四川雅安·中考）—Amy, there is a book on the floor. Is it ____________? —No, it’s not mine. My book is on the desk. A．you B．yours C．your D．yourself 13．（2024·西藏·中考）He can use Chat GPT-4 by ________ without my help. A．him B．her C．himself D．herself 14．（2024·西藏·中考）It takes ________ 23 minutes to get to the library by subway. A．she B．he C．her D．his 15．（2024·四川遂宁·中考）—Do you think ________ useful to read English magazines for English learning? —Yes, I think it works well. A．it B．that C．this D．its 16．（2024·四川泸州·中考）—The best things in life are free. —Couldn’t agree more. Air costs ______, but we can’t live without it. A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything 17．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考）—Did you see ________ at the Hangzhou National Tea Museum? —Yes. I saw many beautiful tea sets and all kinds of tea there. A．something interesting B．everything interesting C．anything interesting D．nothing interesting 二、短文填空 （2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Last Saturday, I went to Harbin Central Street with some of my friends. It was a 18 (sun) day. Walking along the street, we saw many volunteers (志愿者) offering help in the sun. They helped the elders with their bags, took 19 (photo) for some tourists and answered people’s questions. Though they were very tired, they didn’t stop to have a rest. We were 20 (deep) moved when we saw this. Just as we turned a corner, we noticed that two little boys 21 (stand) there and crying. We went over to see what happened to 22 (they). One boy told us that they couldn’t find their mother and 23 other boy told us their mother’s phone number. I tried to call her. 24 (twentieth) minutes later, their mother turned up. With tears in her eyes, she was very thankful 25 us. To tell the 26 (true), we not only enjoyed the beauty of the buildings along the street, 27 also felt the warmth of society that day. If everyone can reach out a helping hand to others, the world around us will change for the better. （2024·内蒙古通辽·中考）阅读下面短文，根据语境或括号内所给的提示词，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Showing Respect for Seniors In China, there is a special day for elderly people— the Double Ninth Festival. The festival is on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. As the Chinese word for nine has 28 same sound as the word for long, people take the Double Ninth Festival to show their 29 (wish) of long life for elderly people. There are many traditions for this festival. On that day, families get together and climb mountains for good luck and in the hope that elderly people will be much 30 (happy) and live longer. They also drink chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and wear a plant 31 is called zhuyu. Chrysanthemum wine has great medical values and it’s popular 32 many people. Zhuyu is 33 (regard) as a kind of clean plant that can clean houses and cure diseases. Respecting elderly people is shown not only on this special day 34 also in daily life. For example, when an elderly person enters a room, everyone stands up and greets him or her 35 (polite). When there are several guests at the table, the host usually introduces 36 (they) from the oldest to the youngest. Respecting elderly people is a traditional virtue (美德) in China, and Chinese people are 37 (pride) of it. Besides, to respect the elderly people is to respect yourself tomorrow. 专题3 介词prep. 知识框架 考点汇总 介词的定义：介词是一种虚词，用来表示词与词，词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。 考点一：介词的用法 介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中 作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。 The man came down the stairs. (状) // My mother will be back in half an hour. (状) The boy over there is my friend. (定) // The woman with a flower on her head is from the countryside. (定) The teacher is now with the pupils. (表) // Li Ting is from Guilin. (表) Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语) 考点二：时间介词 ① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on ② 表示时间的前后用before, after ③ 表示期限等用by, until, till ④ 表示期间等用for, during, through ⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since ⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in · at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点 at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间 at that time那时 at the moment此刻，目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔，有时 at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候，起初 at last最后 We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。 【注意】表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。 this morning今天早上 last Monday上周一 every week每周 · on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一时，一律用on） on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上 on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日 on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚 on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天 on time准时 on the night of July（the）first 在七月一日的夜晚 We didn’ t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。 · in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内）。 in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中 in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年 in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季 in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季 in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上 in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时 in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿，立刻 The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。 People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。 Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？ · before, after（注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词） ► before在……之前 Wash your hands before dinner.（before作介词）吃饭前请洗手。 He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.（前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词）他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。 ► after在……之后 Let’s sing some songs after school.（after作介词）放学后咱们唱歌吧！ Please close the door after you leave the room.（after作连词）离开房间后请关门。 · by, until/till ► by 在……前（时间）；截止（到）…… by the end of在……底（之前） by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前 How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？ She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时（之前）她已经走了。 ► until/till 直到……为止（时间） We didn’ t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。（begin是点动词，所以用否定式） I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。 · for, during, through for 达……之久（表示经过了多少时间），可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。 during 在……期间 through 一直……（从开始到结束） He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。 We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。 They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。 They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。 He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。 【注意】for和during：for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词，during后不能跟表数字的名词。 · from, since ► from从……起（时间） 表示＂从……开始＂时，一般都是用词组from...to...，而单纯表示确切的＂从几点开始＂时用at。 The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。 The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。 ► since自从……以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续） I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。（强调一直病到现在） The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.（since作连词，引导时间状语从句）这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。 · in, within ► in过……后（未来时间）大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。 in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后 He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。 They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。 ► within不超过……的范围 within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内 I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。 【比较】within和in。within强调＂在……时间之内＂，没有时态的限制。in是以现在为基础，in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后，所以in一般只用于将来时。 考点三：地点、方向介词 ① 表示地点的介词：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite ② 表示方向的介词：into, out of, along, across, through, up, past · at, in ► at在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所） at school上学 at home在家 stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂 at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上 at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁 at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口 at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站 I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。 ► in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所） in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里 His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。 She was born in China. 她是在中国出生的。 · on, above, over, under, below ► on在……上面，有接触面。 on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。 on在……靠近……的地方 on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边 on the farm在农场 on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上 ► above在……上方 Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。 ► over在……正上方，是under的反义词 There is a light over Li Ming. 李明的正上方有一盏灯。 A few birds were flying over the sea. 有几只鸟在海上飞。 ► under在……下面；在……之内 under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内 The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。 ► below在……下方（不一定是正下方） 正下方是under，below是above的反义词。 There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。 · near, by ► near近的，不远的 near = not far，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。 in the near future在不久的将来 Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？ ► by在……旁边，距离比near要近 by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边 The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。 · between, among, around ► between在两者之间 My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。 What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别？ ► among在三者或更多的之中 There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。 He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎（很出名）。 ► around环绕，在……周围，在……四周 We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。 The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 · in front of，behind，opposite ► in front of早……的前面；在……的前部 There is a tree in front of the house. There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。 ► behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词 There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。 There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。 ► opposite在……对面 Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。 He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。 · in, into, out of, up ► in在……之内，用于表示静止的位置 The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。 ► into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后，如go, come, walk, run等。 The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。 He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。 ► out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向 out of的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从（某个数）之中 up移动 The students rushed out of the room. 学生们冲出房间。 ► up 向上 She climbed up the stairs. 她爬上了楼梯。 · along, across, past, through ► along沿着 I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。 ► across横过 I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。 ► past经过 Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。 ► through贯穿，通过 The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。 · to, from, for 单词 含义 例句 to 到达……地点（目的地）或方向 He came to Japan in 1980.他1980年来到日本。 from 从……地点起 It’ s about ten minutes’ walk from here to the cinema. 从这儿到电影院大约需步行十分钟。 for 表示目的地，＂向……＂ for表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。 leaver for动身去…… start for出发去…… I will leave for America next week.下周我将动身去美国。 考点四：其它介词 · 表示手段和材料的介词with, in, by ► with和……在一起；具有、带有；用某种工具或办法； Will you please go with me?你和我一起去好吗？ He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes.他是有着一双明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。 Li Li cut her hand with a knife.莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。 He wrote the letter with a new pen.他用一只新钢笔写这封信。 with one’ s help在某人的帮助下 With the teacher’ s help I have made progress.在老师的帮助下，我取得了进步。 ► in表示用什么材料（如用墨水，铅笔等），或用什么语言，或者表示衣着、声调特点 she wrote a letter in black ink. 她用黑色的墨水写信。 Don’ t write it in pencil but in ink. 别用铅笔写，用钢笔（水）写。 Can you speak in English? 你能用英语说吗？ ► by通过……方法、手段 “by+交通工具”的词组： by bicycle骑自行车 by train坐火车 by plane/by air坐飞机 by taxi坐出租车 by car坐小汽车 by ship坐船 by bus坐公共汽车 · 表示属性的介词of, from ► of（属于）……的；表示……的数量或种类 This is a map of china.这是一幅中国地图。 Will you please give me a cup of tea? 请您给我一杯茶好吗？ ► from来自（某地、某人）；以……起始（时间或地点） I’ m from Nanjing.我是南京人。 We work from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上班。 · 表示“除了”的介词except, besides, but ► except表示“除了...之外，其他都...”，即不包括所提的对象。 All the students came except Tom. 除了汤姆以外其他所以学生都来了。 ► besides表示“除了...之外，还有...”，即包括所提的对象。 The boss still needs 3 men besides Tom. 除了汤姆以为，老板还需要另外三个人。 ► but表示“除了”，包括所提的对象。作为介词常用于固定搭配：nothing / nobody but。此外but常作为连词使用。 There is nobody but Tom. 除了汤姆以外没有其他人。 · without, like, as ► without没有，是with的反义词。 Man can’ t live without air and water. 人类没有空气和水不能生存。 Please give me a cup of coffee with（without）milk.请给我一杯（不）加牛奶的咖啡。 ► like像……一样 Nancy is just like her mother.南希和她的妈妈一样。 Nancy looks like her mother.（南希和她妈妈长得一样。）用look时，强调外表。 ► as作为 He is famous as a scientist here. 他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。 The room is dirty as usual. 这房间像平时一样脏。 · against, about ► against反对；靠着 He is against the plan（Li Ming）.他反对这个计划。（他反对李明） The teacher is standing against the blackboard.老师正靠着黑板站着。 ► about 关于；各处；身旁 Tell me something about your life.告诉我你的生活情况。 I have no money about/with me.我身上没带钱。 about 询问某人/某物的情况或提出建议 What about your sister? 你姐姐情况如何？ How about going to the park? 去公园怎么样？ 考点五：常用的介词短语 1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后 3 at first 起先，首先 4 at the age of... 在……岁时 5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初 7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时 9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助 11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容 13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿 15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起 17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离 19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久 21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车 23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说 25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of... 到……底为止 27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上 30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙 32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快 34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众，公开地 36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面 38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后，终于 40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次 42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿 44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿 46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行，走路 48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面 50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边 52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播) 54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是 56 look forward to doing 期待做... 57 pay attention to doing 集中注意做... 1．—How do you learn English so well?基础练习 —________ chatting with my uncle online. A．For B．By C．In D．With 2．Our school’s Talent Show will be ________ November 2nd this year. A．on B．in C．at D．to 3．— Three Chinese astronauts who boarded Shenzhou 12 landed successfully ________ September 17th, 2021. — We ________ our powerful country. A．on; are proud of B．in; take pride of C．on; are the pride of 4．Paper cuts are seen ________ doors, walls and windows during the Spring Festival. A．in B．to C．on D．at 5．My parents work every day ________ Sunday. A．except B．except for C．expect D．besides 6．—Hey, Jim, what’s wrong? —I had a fight ________ my best friend. We haven’t talked to each other for a few weeks. A．with B．for C．between D．about 7．Miss Green was________white________her wedding day. A．on; in B．in; on C．in; in D．on; on 8．The book is made ________ paper and the paper is made ________ wood． A．of; of B．of; from C．from; of D．from; from 9．In France, you’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands ________ bread. A．besides B．except C．beside D．against 10．The twins are similar ________ appearance but different ________ personality. A．to; with B．in; to C．to; from D．with; in 11．Would you please get me some coffee and milk? I really prefer coffee ________ milk. A．with B．to C．of D．than 12．The school is well built ________the classrooms are not air-conditioned. A．except B．besides C．except for D．except that 13．Air pollution is harmful ________ our health in many ways. A．for B．in C．to 14．—Daisy, go and see what’s happening to the windows. —Nothing serious. The heavy rain is beating ________ them. A．through B．across C．against D．above 15．Keep away ________ the grass! It was watered just now. A．off B．from C．on D．in 16．I bought a nice shirt. It’s made _______ cotton, and it was made _______ America. A．of, by B．of, in C．from, with D．of, with 17．I believe ________ he will be back ________ two weeks. A．what; after B．what; in C．that; in D．that; after 18．— Purple doesn’t look good ________ you, but you look cool ________ black. — Really? Let me try. A．on; on B．in; in C．in; on D．on; in 19．— Hi, Helen. When were you born? — I was born ________ February, 2005. My animal sign is the Rooster. A．on B．in C．at D．by 20．—Why does the girl ________ blue have few friends? —Because she is often green ________ envy. A．with; on B．with ; in C．on; with D．in ; with 21．________ the morning of May 15th, Zhurong rover (登陆车) landed on Mars. This means China has become the second country ________ a rover on Mars successfully. A．In; landing B．In; to land C．On; landing D．On; to land 22．My parents often go to the movies ________ Saturday evenings. A．on B．in C．for D．at 23．Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Bridge ________ the sea helps people travel conveniently. A．over B．by C．in D．or 24．—Thanks ________ our government, we can play sports on the new playground next week. —That’s for sure! And we’ll have a sports meeting ________ one month. A．for, in B．for, after C．to, in 25．—I haven’t finished the book report of Journey to the West. It’s so difficult. —You should hurry up. The report is due ________ three days. A．in B．for C．on D．at 26．The American exchange students will leave Japan ________ other Asian countries________ 28th May. A．for; on B．for; at C．to; in D．to; on 27．More and more young people go skating with their family ________ winter. A．at B．in C．on D．to 28．—What time does the library open in the morning? —It opens ________ 9 a.m. A．in B．on C．at D．between 提升训练 (PART 1) 一、单项选择 1．—World Book Day is ________ April 23rd every year. —I see. More than 100 countries around the world hold all kinds of reading activities. A．in B．at C．on 2．We arrived in the beautiful city ________ a snowy morning in winter. A．at B．in C．on 3．—The Dragon Boat falls ________ the fourth Thursday of June. —We are planning a trip ________ Changshou Lake to watch the boat races. A．on; on B．in; of C．at; to D．on; to 4．I hear that the opening will be ________ the morning of January 10th ________ 10:00. A．in; at B．on; at C．on; in D．in; for 5．The 19th Asian Games will be held in Hangzhou ________ September, 2023. A．at B．on C．in D．for 6．—I can’t see the cat because it’s _________ the box. —Oh, the cat is so clever! A．behind B．on C．in front of 7．— Where is Heilongjiang Province? — It’s ________ the northeast of China and ________ the north of Jilin Province. A．in; to B．to; on C．in; on 8．A subway train runs ________ the ground. A．in B．on C．above D．under 9．The 2018 World Cup started ________ Moscow ________ 14th June. A．on, in B．in, on C．in, in D．at, on 10．—Michael, could you tell me how we can pass the final examination? —________ practicing again and again. A．For B．By C．With 11．I improved my spoken English ________ watching English movies and listening to English songs. A．in B．to C．for D．by 12．—Would you like ________ sugar? —No, thanks. Just a cup of coffee ________ nothing in it. A．some；with B．any；without C．to；have 13．Everyone was on time for the meeting ________ Chris, who’s usually ten minutes late for everything. A．but B．even C．only D．besides 14．We all went to the Universal Beijing Resort ________ Jim. He had a bad cold. A．besides B．against C．except D．with 15．Tom is a good boy, ________ his bad temper. A．beside B．besides C．except D．except for 16．—All of the students went to the party ________ Tom. —Yes. He had to look after his young sister at home. A．with B．for C．over D．except 17．________ history, Peter also likes science. He thinks both of the subjects are interesting. A．Except B．For C．Along with D．With 18．—This problem is far ________ my ability. I’m afraid I can’t work it out. —Don’t worry. We will help you. A．beyond B．beside C．behind D．more 19．— It’s ________ your promise to be absent from Julie’s party. —Yes. But I have to prepare for my report next week. A．for B．against C．with D．from 20．—To our excitement, Shenzhou-12 mannedspaceship was sent up successfully ________ June 17, 2021. —That’s really exciting news. We are proud of our country. A．in B．on C．at 二、语法选择 My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors said that with treatmenthe would 21 able to walk normally, but would never run very well. The first three years of his life was spent in hospital. We never told him that he probably wouldn’t be able to run as 22 as the other children, so he didn’t know it. In the seventh grade, he decided to try outfor 23 Cross-country Team in his school. Every day he practiced 24 the team members. He worked harder and ran more than any other child. 25 the whole team runs, only the top seven runners have the potentialto score points for the school. We didn’t tell him he probably would never make the team, so he didn’t know it. He continued to run four to five miles a day, everyday- even on the day he 26 a high fever. I was worried, so I went to look for him after school and I wanted to know if 27 . I found that he 28 all alone. I asked him how he felt. “Okay” he said. He had two more miles to go. The sweatran down his face. Yet he looked straight ahead and went on running. Two weeks later, the team 29 names were called. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had made the team. He was the only one in seventh grade. We never told 30 he couldn’t do it... so he didn’t know it. He just did it. 21．A．be B．is C．was D．were 22．A．good B．well C．better D．best 23．A．/ B．a C．an D．the 24．A．on B．with C．after D．for 25．A．That B．If C．Although D．Since 26．A．had B．has C．have D．having 27．A．he is OK B．is he OK C．he was OK D．was he OK 28．A．practice B．practices C．is practicing D．was practicing 29．A．runner B．runners’ C．runner’s D．runners 30．A．his B．him C．himself D．he 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Along the River During the Qingming Festival(清明上河图) is a painting 31 the Song Dynasty artist Zhang Zeduan (1085—1145). The painting is 25.5 centimeters in 32 (high) and 5.25 meters long. The countryside and the crowded city are the two main parts in the picture, with the river 33 (run) through the entire length. The right part is the rural area of the city. There are crop fields and rural folk. A country path broadens into a road and 34 (join) with the city road. The left half is the urban(城市的) area, 35 eventually leads into the city center. Many economic (经济的) activities can be seen in this area. Zhang Zeduan’s painting is celebrated as 36 most famous work of art from the Song Dynasty. However, there are copies of the famous painting. An early copy, generally 37 (consider) to be most similar to the original, was made by Zhao Mengfu during the Yuan Dynasty. Another known remake(重置物) 38 (paint) during the Ming Dynasty. This copy has a length of 6.7 meters, 39 (long) than the original. Another version by five Qing Dynasty court painters was presented to the Qianlong Emperor on January 15.1737. This version was 40 (late) moved, along with many other handicrafts, to Taipei Palace Museum in 1949. 提升训练 (PART 2) 一、单项选择 1．—You’ve been here ________ a month. Don’t you miss your parents? —Yes, I plan to go back home ________ a month. A．in; in B．for; in C．for; after D．after; after 2．We will go on a school trip ______ three weeks. I can’t wait! A．at B．on C．in D．of 3．We went hiking ______ the morning of March 4 and came back ______ the afternoon. A．on; on B．in; in C．on; in D．in; on 4．Jenny will stay in Beijing ________ another two days. So we can’t find her at school. A．for B．in C．from D．on 5．The 2024 Dragon Boat Festival (Duan Wu Jie) falls ______ June 10. Chinese people can enjoy three days _______ work from June 8 to 10. A．on, off B．in, away C．on, away D．in, off 6．My sister goes back to Huai’an for the Middle Autumn Festival every year ________ last year because she was busy with her work in Nanjing. A．including B．since C．except D．till 7．The Dragon Boat Festival usually falls ________ June, and it is on June 10 this year. A．at B．on C．in D．from 8．The Shenzhou 18 spaceship was sent into space successfully _______ the evening of 25 April, 2024. A．in B．on C．at D．by 9．More and more people in Lijiang choose to go to Kunming ________ high-speed railway. A．in B．with C．by D．for 10．—My house is No. 207 on the right of the street. And yours? —I live ________ you. My house is No. 208 on the left of the street. A． across from B．next to C．in front of D．behind 真题感知 (PART 1) 一、单项选择 1．（2023·甘肃白银·统考中考）The cat in Picture ________ is on the box. A. B． C. D． 2．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考）The earthquake in Turkey(土耳其) happened ______ February 6, 2023. A．on B．in C．at 3．（2023·安徽·统考中考）Do whatever you can for the community, ________ looking after the old or teaching kids art. A．with B．under C．like D．over 4．（2023·云南·统考中考）—Hi, Mike. When is the Space Day of China? —It falls ________ April 24 every year. A．at B．in C．on D．for 5．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考）The instrument EyeHarp is specially designed ________ disabled people to play music with eyes. A．in B．as C．for D．over 6．（2023·四川成都·统考中考）Deng Qingming, an astronaut of Shenzhou 15, achieved his dream ________ many years’ hard work. A．without B．in C．through 7．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考）— Congratulations! Can you share your secret to learning? — If you work hard enough, you will succeed ________ achieving your goal. A．on B．about C．in D．for 8．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考）— The Double Trank of Chengdu-Kunming Rail was opened to traffic in December, 2022. — Yes, it’s very convenient now. It takes us about three hours ________ Chengdu to Xichang on a high-speed train. A．between B．from C．in 9．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考）There are a lot of ways to keep healthy. ________, we can do more exercise and eat less junk food. A．To our surprise B．In the end C．For example 真题感知 (PART 2) 一、单项选择 1．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考）Fan Jinshi, born _______ 1938, has devoted all her time to protecting Dunhuang cultural heritage. A．at B．on C．in D．by 2．（2024·北京·中考）The Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon ________ June 2, 2024. A．at B．on C．to D．in 3．（2024·福建·中考）A special festival was held ________ September 23rd last year to honor the hard work of Chinese farmers. A．in B．for C．on 4．（2024·江苏扬州·中考）The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ________ Yangzhou. A．to B．on C．at D．in 5．（2023·江苏淮安·中考）________ spring, our city is full of green trees and beautiful flowers. A．At B．In C．On D．Of 6．（2023·江苏常州·中考）My father goes back to Nanjing for the Spring Festival every year ________ last year because he was busy with his work in Changzhou. A．including B．since C．except D．till 7．（2023·江苏南通·中考）Shenzhou 16 was sent up into space ________ the morning of May 30, 2023. A．in B．on C．at D．from 8．（2024·四川凉山·中考）—Did you have fun watching the volleyball game? —No. A tall man stood ______ me. I couldn’t see the players at all. A． next to B．across from C．in front of 2、 短文填空（2024·江苏徐州·中考） 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Grandfather’s gift When my grandfather was a boy, he liked writing with a fountain pen. His first short story 9 (write) with a silver fountain pen. It was a gift from his mother for his 10 (ten) birthday. His name is still on the pen. In an old photo, my grandfather is dressed 11 a school uniform. You can see the pen through the front pocket of his shirt. It seems 12 he was always with his pen. No one was surprised when Grandfather 13 (become) a writer. So far, he 14 (finish) over sixty story books. People all over 15 world enjoy his stories, including me. Last month, my parents and I visited Grandfather. It was an exciting time for us. Grandfather showed me his writing desk. On the last day of our visit, my grandfather asked me 16 (close) my eyes. Gently and 17 (care), he put his pen in my hands. Tears filled my eyes. At that moment I decided to be a writer, too. I will never forget the connection I felt with my grandfather that day. It is one of the most important 18 (memory) of my life. 专题4 连词conj. 知识框架 考点汇总 连词的定义：并列连词用来连接平行的词、短语或句子；从属连词是用来引导从句的词。 考点一：并列连词 表并列关系 连词 用法及例句 and “和，并且，然后”，用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子，表示一种顺接的关系。当连接三个以上并列的成分时，一般在最后两者之间加and，其余用逗号分开。 We are singing and they are dancing. 我们在唱歌且他们在跳舞。 There are 3 flowers, 6 gifts and some cups on the table. 桌子上有3多花、6个礼物和一些杯子。 both...and... “两个都……”，连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。 Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomorrow. 李平和玛丽明天都要去长城。 neither...nor... “既不……也不……”，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与nor后的部分保持一致。 Neither he nor I am right. 他和我都不对。 not only... but also... “不仅……而且……”，强调后者；引导并列主语时，谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher gives the money to our school. 不仅学生，连老师也要交钱到我们学校。 as well as “不仅……而且……”或“和……一样”。它强调两者都有或都是，但并不表示它们之间的优先顺序。用于连接两个或多个具有相同语法功能的词或短语。as well as后的动词通常与最前面的主语保持一致，即“就远原则”。 The store sells books as well as magazines. 这家商店既卖书也卖杂志。 She, as well as her brother, has gone to the park. 她和她的哥哥都去了公园。 表转折关系 连词 用法及例句 but 意为＂但是＂，表示意义递进的转折或前后两个事实相反。 His mother won’t be there, but his father might. 他母亲不会去那里，但他父亲也许会去。 while 意为＂但是，然而＂，强调对比性的转折。 I like English while he likes math. 我喜欢英语而他喜欢数学。 yet 意为＂可是；然而＂，表示转折时，前面可与and连用，且这两个部分的主语是一致的。 I failed again, and yet I never give up. 我又失败了，然而我绝不放弃。 【注意】 1. although或though在引导让步状语从句时，主句不可使用转折连词but，但是可以使用yet或still。 Although she is in poor health，(yet) she works hard.虽然她的身体不好，但是她工作非常努力。 2. however 意为＂然而，不过＂，可放在句首、句中或句末，不能像but那样直接连接两个句子，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 (×) We all tried our best, however we lost the game. (√) We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. / We all tried our best, but we lost the game. 表选择关系 连词 意义 例句 or 或者；否则 Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点，否则你会迟到的。 or else 否则；要不然 Be careful or else you will make a mistake. 小心，否则你将会犯错误。 rather than 而不是 I will do it myself rather than ask him to do it. 我会亲自去做这件事，而不是叫他去做。 not...but... 不是……而是…… John is not her father but her uncle. 约翰不是她的父亲而是她的的叔叔 either...or... 或者……或者……；要么......要么...... Either Alice or her father cooks meals at home. 要么爱丽丝要么她爸爸在家做饭。 whether...or... 是……还是…… They haven’t decided whether they will go to London or Berlin。他们尚未决定是去伦敦还是去柏林。 表因果关系 连词 意义 例句 for “因为”，用来补充说明或表示推测性的理由，不能置于两个并列分句的句首，只能放在两个分句的中间。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。 so “因此；所以”，不能与because 连用。 He worked hard, so he passed the exam. 他努力学习，所以通过了考试。 考点二：从属连词 ► that 用于引导宾语从句，引导从句时无意义，常省略。 He told me（that）he won’t be late. 他告诉我说他不会迟到的。 ► though / although虽然，尽管；even if / though即使 可用于引导让步状语从句，though/although 不能与but连用。 Though he has a cold,he still goes to school. = He has a cold,but he still goes to work.尽管他感冒了，他仍然去上学了。 ► if, whether (...or not) 是否 可用于引导宾语从句，不可省略。 I don’t know whether it will rain or not today. 我不知道今天会不会下雨。 ► if 如果；unless 除非；如不；as long as 只要 引导条件状语从句。 Thought he is very old, he still teaches himself English. 尽管他年龄很大，他仍然自学英语。 ► because 因为；as 鉴于;由于；since由于，既然 用于引导原因状语从句。 I don’t want to go outside because I am too tired. 我不想外出因为我太累了。 ► so...that, such...that如此……以至于…… 可用于引导结果状语从句。 The scenary here is so beautiful that I don’t want to leave. 这儿的风景太美了，以至于我不想离开了。 ► since自从；until / till直到；after在……之后；before在……之前；when当……时；while当……时；as soon as一……就……；whenever无论何时 用于引导时间状语从句。 When I arrived there, it was raining. 当我到那里时，天正在下雨。 ► as if / as though仿佛；好像 It seems as if it is going to rain. 好像将要下雨了。 ► so that 以便；in order that为了 I get up early so that I won’t be late for class. 我起得很早，这样我上课不会迟到。 ► as...as... 和…… 一样……；not so/as...as... 和……不一样…… 用于引导比较状语从句。 He is as smart as his brother. 他和他的哥哥一样聪明。 考点三：常见连词辨析 1. while, when, as的用法区别： 这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。 （1）当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。 （2）当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。 （3）当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。 （4）当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边……一边……”时，最常用as。 （5）当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。 （6）当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。 【演练】 1. As/When/While I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car. 2. While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework. 3. As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them. 4. Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry. 5. When he finished his work, he took a short rest. 6. When John arrived I was cooking lunch. 2. as, because, since, for的用法区别： 这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。 （1）如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。 （2）如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。since比as稍微正式一点as和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。 （3）for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。 【演练】 1. I stayed at home because it rained. 2. ---- Why aren’t you going? ---- Because I don’t want to. 3. As he wasn’t ready, we left without him. 4. Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food. 5. I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry. 3. if, whether的用法区别： if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾语从句一般可互换。 （1）引导主语从句时。如：Whether he will come to the party is unknown. （2）引导表语从句时。如：The question is whether I can pass the exam. （3）引导宾语从句时，①在不定式前；②在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether，而不用if；③宾语是介词引导的从句时用whether；④有时为了强调，将宾语从句放在句首时用whether。在下列情况下，只能用whether，不能用if。 【演练】 1. I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not. 2. I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school. 3. I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film. 4. They are talking about whether to go there or not. 5. Can you tell me whether or not he will come to our party. 6. It depends on whether it is going to rain. 7. Whether the story is true or not, I don’t know yet. 4. so…that, such...that的用法区别： （1）so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such...that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。 （2）如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so，不用such。 【演练】 1. He has so little education that he is unable to get a job. 2. I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over. 3. I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther. 4. It was such a warm day that he went swimming. 5. although, but的用法区别： 这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。 (×) Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others. (√) Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others. / He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others. 尽管他60多岁了，他仍然努力工作。 6. because, so的用法区别： 这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。 (×) Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. (√) Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor. / John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. 因为约翰生病了，我带他去看了医生。 7. and和or的用法区别： （1）and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。 （2）否定句中两部分都有否定词时用and连接。 （3）句中含有without时，肯定句中用or，否定句中用and。 （4）and与or(表示“否则”)都可以与if引导的条件状语从句转换。 基础练习 一、单项选择（并列连词） 1. Maths is not so easy, __________ I like it very much. A. and B. but C. so D. because 2. My favorite sport is basketball __________ I think it’s exciting. A. because B. so C. and D. but 3. Would you like tea __________ juice? A. and B. or C. but D. so 4. The sky is blue __________ everything is beautiful. A. and B. but C. because D. so 5. The boy is very smart, __________ many of his classmates like him. A. so B. and C. but D. because 6. -- Can you play football? -- Yes, I can. __________ I can’t play it very well. A. so B. because C. and D. but 7. You should get up early, __________ you will be late. A. but B. so C. or D. and 8. I was ill yesterday, __________ I didn’t go to work. A. but B. and C. or D. so 9. Work hard, __________ you will pass the exam. A. so B. and C. but D. because 10. He can speak English __________ his mother is from England. A. or B. because C. so D. and 二、单项选择 1．There is no public transportation now, ________ you’ll have to walk home. A．or B．so C．but D．for 2．________ the teachers are all very nice and helpful, ________ I like my school very much. A．Because; so B．Although; but C．/; because D．/; so 3．—I felt very proud when I saw many things made in China during my stay in Europe. —There’s still a long way to go. ________ “Made in China” ________ “Created in China” is what we need. A．Either；or B．Not only；but also C．Both；and D．Neither；nor 4．— Put on your mask please, ________ you can’t get on the bus. — Oh, sorry. I will do it right away. A．and B．or C．though 5．She never stops trying, ________ she is making progress. A．and B．but C．or D．if 6．My parents want me to get further study to be ________ an engineer ________ a scientist, ________ I would like to be a famous surgeon doctor. A．neither; nor; and B．either; or; but C．not only; but; so D．both; and; or 7．__________Tom has got a bad cold, __________ he will attend the important meeting. A．/; but B．Though; or C．Although; but D．Because; so 8．Mike failed many times, ________ he never gave up. A．or B．and C．so D．but 9．My cousin likes doing sports in his free time, ________ I prefer listening to music. A．if B．while C．as soon as D．unless 10．My grandma likes ________ watching TV ________ shopping. She only likes dancing. A．either；or B．neither；nor C．not only；but also 11．—Would you like to go to the movie with me? —I’d love to, ________ I have to do my homework first. A．or B．but C．so D．and 12．一How do you like the two pairs of shoes? 一They don’t ________ me well．They are ________ too big ________ too small． A．fit; not only, but also B．match;.either, or C．fit; either, or D．suit;both, and 13．—I want to be a teacher when I grow up. —Work hard, ________ your dream will come true. A．or B．but C．though D．and 14．I was full, ________ the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it. A．and B．but C．so D．or 15．We should look forward to the future, ________ never forget the past. A．or B．so C．but D．for 16．Look left and right before you cross the road, ________ you may be hit by a car. A．so B．and C．or D．but 17．The great scientist Yuan Longping left us last month, ________ he will live in our hearts for ever. A．so B．but C．if D．since 18．You don’t need to take any cash（现金）when shopping. You may pay by ________ Alipay （支付宝）________ WeChat（微信）. A．either, or B．neither; nor C．not; but 19．It may be more difficult to chat with people who don’t have the same interests as you do. ________ you should find something in common for you both. A．Though B．So C．Since 20．This training program can give you a rise at work, ________ increase your pay by 40%, so you’d better put all your effort into it. A．as well as B．as good as C．as soon as D．as possible as 21．— You haven’t done anything to drive me mad. — So what’s wrong, ________ ? A．because B．then C．although D．unless 22．It was really cold this morning, ________ none of the students were late for school. A．but B．and C．so D．or 23．The party is over. Now you can go home ________ you can stay here for a while. A．but B．or C．so 24．I’ve wanted to read The Little Prince for long, _______ today I finally borrowed the book from the library. A．or B．since C．and D．because 25．Bill  is a good student. He studies hard ________ he also likes to help others. A．and B．so C．but D．or 26．As true friends, they should share ________ happiness ________ sadness with each other. A．either, or B．not only, but also C．neither, nor D．both, and 27．Some rules have been introduced to keep us safe from Covid-19, ________ we should obey them. A．or B．and C．but D．for 28．Cindy and I are twin sisters, but I like singing ______ she likes dancing. A．when B．as C．or D．while 29．—Where will Tom wait for her, at home ________ at the library? —At the library. A．also B．as C．and D．or 30．To protect trees, we shouldn’t use paper towels ______napkins. A．or B．and C．but D．with 提升训练 (PART 1) 一、单项选择 1．Remember to take the medicine three times a day, ________ you won’t get any better. A．or B．and C．but 2．My cousin Laura wants to be the best dancer, _________ it’s very difficult because it’s so competitive. A．and B．so C．but D．or 3．—What about going out to play football? —I’m afraid not. The ground is wet, ________ it rained last night. A．so B．and C．but D．for 4．Love from our teachers is like the wind.$$