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编写说明:2026版湖南省(对口招生)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。
本专题是2026版湖南省(对口招生)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第5个专题,内容为连词。
2026版湖南省(对口招生)一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题5 连词(真题+模拟题)
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【考点解读】
近几年
湖南对口招生英语连词是连接词、短语或句子的词,分并列连词(如 and, but, or)和从属连词(如 because, if, when)。并列连词连接对等成分,表并列、转折、选择等;从属连词引导从句,表时间、原因、条件等,使句子逻辑更清晰,衔接更流畅。
)
【知识点清单一】连词的概念和分类
【要点精讲】
1. 连词的概念
连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。
2. 连词的分类
按照性质分类,连词可分为并列连词和从属连词。
(1)并列连词
分类
例词
表示转折关系的连词
but, yet, however, still, while, or(否则), nevertheless
表示并列关系的连词
and, neither...nor..., not only...but (also)..., both...and..., as well as
表示选择关系的连词
or(或者), either...or..., otherwise, not...but
表示因果关系的连词
for, so
(2)从属连词
分类
例词
引导名词性从句的从属连词
that, whether, if, as if 等
引导状语从句的从属连词
when, while, before, after, since, until, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, instantly, once, no sooner...than..., hardly...when..., if, unless, as/so long as, in case, in order that, so that, so...that..., such...that..., because, now (that), where, wherever, although, though, as, as if
【即时训练】
1.She is good at singing, ______ she doesn’t like dancing at all.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
【答案】B
【解析】前后句表转折关系,“擅长唱歌” 与 “不喜欢跳舞” 形成对比,用 but(但是),故选 B。
2.______ my father ______ my mother likes classical music. They prefer pop music.
A. Neither; nor B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
【答案】A
【解析】由后句 “他们更喜欢流行音乐” 可知父母都不喜欢古典乐,neither...nor...(既不…… 也不……)符合语境,故选 A。
3.You must hurry up, ______ you will miss the early bus.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
【答案】C
【解析】or 在此表 “否则”,句意为 “你必须快点,否则会错过早班车”,故选 C。
4.He didn’t study hard, ______ he failed the exam.
A. for B. so C. but D. or
【答案】B
【解析】前后句表因果关系,“没努力学习” 导致 “考试不及格”,so(所以)表结果,故选 B。
5.______ Tom ______ Lucy can speak French. They both studied it in college.
A. Neither; nor B. Either; or C. Both; and D. Not only; but also
【答案】C
【解析】由 “两人都在大学学过法语” 可知两者都会说法语,both...and...(两者都)符合,故选 C。
【知识点清单二】连词的基本用法
1. 并列连词的基本用法
①表示转折关系的连词(but, yet, however, still, while 等 )
but(直接表转折,简洁明了 ):
She is rich, but she lives a simple life.(她很富有,但过着简朴生活 。“富有” 和 “简朴” 形成鲜明转折 )
He said he would come, but he didn’t show up.(他说会来,但没出现 。承诺与实际行动的转折 )
The movie is popular, but I don’t like it.(电影很火,但我不喜欢 。大众喜好和个人喜好的差异 )
yet(可表 “然而、尽管如此”,常与现在完成时搭配 ):
He has worked hard, yet he hasn’t achieved his goal.(他努力了,然而仍未达成目标 。努力和结果的矛盾 )
The problem is difficult, yet we’ll try to solve it.(问题很难,但我们会尝试解决 。强调困难下的决心 )
She is tired, yet she continues working.(她很累,但仍继续工作 。身体状态和行动的反差 )
however(表转折时,常用逗号隔开,更显正式 ):
The plan sounds good; however, it’s not practical.(计划听起来不错;但不实际 。先肯定再转折,突出可行性问题 )
He is very rich; however, he is not happy.(他很富有,但不快乐 。物质与精神状态的对比 )
The weather is bad; however, we still go hiking.(天气恶劣,但我们仍去徒步 。环境与行动的冲突 )
②表示并列关系的连词(and, both...and..., not only...but also..., neither...nor... 等 )
and(最基础的并列,连接对等内容 ):
I like reading and writing.(我喜欢阅读和写作 。两种爱好的并列 )
She bought a book and a pen.(她买了一本书和一支笔 。两种物品的并列 )
He smiled and said hello.(他微笑着打招呼 。两个动作的连贯 )
both...and...(强调 “两者都”,连接主语时谓语用复数 ):
Both Tom and Lily are good at math.(汤姆和莉莉都擅长数学 。两人共同的学科优势 )
The book is both interesting and educational.(这本书既有趣又有教育意义 。两个属性的叠加 )
Both eating well and exercising regularly are good for health.(合理饮食和规律锻炼都对健康有益 。两种健康方式的并列 )
not only...but also...(表递进,强调后者,连接主语时谓语遵循 “就近原则” ):
He is not only a teacher but also a writer.(他不仅是老师,还是作家 。身份的递进 )
She can not only sing but also dance.(她不仅会唱歌,还会跳舞 。技能的递进 )
This new car is not only fast but also fuel - efficient.(这辆新车不仅速度快,还省油 。性能的递进 )
③表示选择关系的连词(or, either...or..., otherwise 等 )
or(表 “或者、要么”,用于选择 ):
You can choose tea or coffee.(你可以选茶或咖啡 。饮品的选择 )
Let’s go to the park or the cinema.(咱们去公园或电影院 。地点的选择 )
Study hard, or you’ll fail the exam.(努力学习,否则考试会不及格 。“否则” 的隐含选择 )
either...or...(强调 “二者选其一”,连接主语时谓语遵循 “就近原则” ):
Either you or he has to clean the room.(要么你,要么他得打扫房间 。责任的分配 )
You can either stay here or leave.(你要么留下,要么离开 。行动的选择 )
Either reading books or listening to music helps relax.(读书或听音乐都有助于放松 。放松方式的选择 )
otherwise(表 “否则、不然”,引出反面结果 ):
Hurry up, otherwise you’ll miss the bus.(快点,不然你会错过公交车 。催促与后果 )
Finish your homework, otherwise you can’t watch TV.(完成作业,不然不能看电视 。条件与限制 )
Wear warm clothes, otherwise you’ll catch a cold.(穿暖和点,不然你会感冒 。提醒与后果 )
④表示因果关系的连词(for, so )
for(补充说明原因,常用逗号隔开,语气较弱 ):
He is happy, for he passed the exam.(他很开心,因为通过了考试 。用 “for” 补充开心的原因 )
She didn’t go out, for it was raining heavily.(她没出去,因为雨下得很大 。解释不出门的缘由 )
They are late, for their car broke down.(他们迟到了,因为车抛锚了 。说明迟到的原因 )
so(表 “所以、因此”,引出结果 ):
It’s raining, so we stay at home.(下雨了,所以我们待在家里 。天气导致的行动结果 )
He worked hard, so he got a promotion.(他努力工作,所以得到了晋升 。努力带来的成果 )
The food is delicious, so we order more.(食物很美味,所以我们多点了些 。口感引发的行为 )
2. 从属连词的基本用法
(1)引导名词性从句的从属连词
引导名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句 )的从属连词主要有 that, whether, if 等。
that(无实际意义,起连接作用,引导宾语从句时可省略 ):
I know that he is a good student.(我知道他是个好学生 。引导宾语从句,陈述事实 )
The news that he won the prize made us happy.(他获奖的消息让我们开心 。引导同位语从句,解释 “news” 内容 )
That she will come to the party is certain.(她会来参加派对,这是肯定的 。引导主语从句 )
whether(表 “是否”,常与 “or not” 连用,引导宾语从句、主语从句等 ):
I wonder whether he will come.(我想知道他是否会来 。引导宾语从句 )
Whether she can finish the work on time is unknown.(她是否能按时完成工作,还不确定 。引导主语从句 )
He asked whether I liked coffee or tea.(他问我喜欢咖啡还是茶 。引导宾语从句,表选择疑问 )
if(表 “是否”,常引导宾语从句,口语中常用;但引导主语从句、表语从句等多用 “whether” ):
I don’t know if he will help me.(我不知道他是否会帮我 。引导宾语从句 )
She asked if I wanted to go with her.(她问我是否想和她一起去 。引导宾语从句 )
He wonders if it will rain tomorrow.(他想知道明天是否会下雨 。引导宾语从句 )
(2)引导状语从句的从属连词
①引导时间状语从句的从属连词
when(可表 “当…… 时”,时间点或时间段均可 ):
When I was walking, I met an old friend.(我走路时,遇到了一位老朋友 。表时间段 )
When he arrives, please call me.(他到的时候,请给我打电话 。表时间点 )
When spring comes, flowers bloom.(春天来临时,花儿绽放 。表季节变化的时间关联 )
while(强调 “在…… 期间”,常表持续动作,主从句动作同时进行 ):
While she was reading, I was cooking.(她读书时,我在做饭 。两个持续动作同时发生 )
While it was snowing, the children played outside.(下雪时,孩子们在外面玩 。天气与活动的同时性 )
While he is young, he knows a lot.(他虽然年轻,但知识渊博 。也可表对比,此处为 “尽管” 含义 ,引导让步状语从句 ,拓展用法 )
as(表 “当…… 时、随着”,强调动作同步 ):
As the sun rose, we started our journey.(太阳升起时,我们开始旅程 。动作同步 )
As time goes by, we grow older.(随着时间流逝,我们渐渐变老 。强调变化过程 )
As he walked, he sang a song.(他一边走,一边唱歌 。伴随动作 )
②引导条件状语从句的从属连词(if, unless, as (so) long as, in case 等 )
if(表 “如果”,最常用的条件引导词 ):
If it rains, we’ll stay at home.(如果下雨,我们就待在家里 。常规条件假设 )
If you study hard, you’ll get good grades.(如果你努力学习,会取得好成绩 。条件与结果 )
If he calls, tell him I’m busy.(如果他打电话来,告诉他我很忙 。条件性指令 )
unless(表 “除非、如果不”,相当于 “if...not” ):
Unless you work hard, you won’t succeed.(除非你努力,否则不会成功 。“努力” 是 “成功” 的条件 )
I won’t go unless he invites me.(除非他邀请我,否则我不去 。“邀请” 是 “去” 的前提 )
Unless it snows, we’ll have a picnic.(除非下雪,否则我们会去野餐 。天气条件的限制 )
as (so) long as(表 “只要”,强调条件的充分性 ):
As long as you try your best, it doesn’t matter if you fail.(只要你尽力了,失败也没关系 。强调尽力的重要性 )
So long as we work together, we can finish the task.(只要我们合作,就能完成任务 。合作是完成任务的条件 )
As long as there is hope, we shouldn’t give up.(只要有希望,我们就不该放弃 。希望是坚持的条件 )
③引导原因状语从句的从属连词(because, as, since, now (that), considering (that) 等 )
because(表 “因为”,强调直接因果,回答 “why” 提问 ):
He didn’t come to school because he was ill.(他没来上学,因为生病了 。直接因果关系 )
She cried because she was sad.(她哭了,因为难过 。情绪与行为的因果 )
I like her because she is kind.(我喜欢她,因为她善良 。性格是喜欢的原因 )
as(表 “由于、因为”,语气比 “because” 弱,常放句首 ):
As it was late, we went home.(由于很晚了,我们就回家了 。时间因素导致的行动 )
As he is busy, he can’t help us.(由于他很忙,没法帮我们 。忙碌状态的影响 )
As the weather is nice, we go for a walk.(由于天气好,我们去散步 。天气促成的活动 )
since(表 “既然、因为”,常表已知或明显的原因 ):
Since you are here, let’s start the meeting.(既然你来了,咱们开始开会吧 。既定事实引发的行动 )
Since everyone is ready, we can leave.(既然大家都准备好了,我们可以走了 。准备状态的结果 )
Since you like it, you can take it.(既然你喜欢,就拿走吧 。喜好决定的行为 )
④引导目的状语从句的从属连词(so that, in order that 等 )
so that(表 “以便、为了”,引导的从句常含情态动词 ):
She studies hard so that she can get good grades.(她努力学习,以便取得好成绩 。学习目的 )
He speaks loudly so that everyone can hear him.(他大声说话,以便大家都能听到 。说话目的 )
We save money so that we can travel.(我们存钱,以便去旅行 。存钱目的 )
in order that(表 “为了”,比 “so that” 更正式,可放句首 ):
In order that we can arrive on time, we leave early.(为了能按时到达,我们早点出发 。出发目的 )
She works hard in order that she can support her family.(她努力工作,为了养活家人 。工作目的 )
They practice every day in order that they can win the game.(他们每天练习,为了能赢得比赛 。练习目的 )
⑤引导结果状语从句的从属连词(so that, so...that..., such...that... 等 )
so that(表 “结果、以致”,此时从句不含情态动词,与表目的区分开 ):
He ran so fast that he won the race.(他跑得很快,结果赢得了比赛 。速度带来的结果 )
The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.(箱子太重,我搬不动 。重量导致的结果 )
She is so beautiful that everyone likes her.(她很漂亮,大家都喜欢她 。外貌产生的效果 )
so...that...(“so” 后接形容词 / 副词 ):
It’s so hot that we want to swim.(天气太热,我们想去游泳 。天气引发的想法 )
He is so tired that he falls asleep quickly.(他太累,很快就睡着了 。疲劳导致的结果 )
The movie is so interesting that we watch it twice.(电影很有趣,我们看了两遍 。趣味性带来的行为 )
such...that...(“such” 后接名词短语 ):
It’s such a beautiful day that we go hiking.(天气如此好,我们去徒步 。天气促成的活动 )
He is such a kind man that everyone respects him.(他是如此善良的人,大家都尊重他 。性格带来的尊重 )
They made such a loud noise that the neighbors complained.(他们制造了很大噪音,邻居们投诉了 。噪音引发的后果 )
⑥引导地点状语从句的从属连词(where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere )
where(表 “在…… 地方” ):
Put the book where it was.(把书放在原来的地方 。指定放置位置 )
He lives where the air is fresh.(他住在空气新鲜的地方 。居住地点的特征 )
Where there is a will, there is a way.(有志者事竟成 。“where” 引导地点状语从句,表 “在…… 地方” ,固定谚语 )
wherever(表 “无论哪里” ):
Wherever you go, I’ll follow you.(无论你去哪里,我都会跟着你 。强调跟随的决心 )
He helps others wherever he is.(无论他在哪里,都会帮助别人 。体现乐于助人的品质 )
Wherever there is love, there is happiness.(哪里有爱,哪里就有幸福 。“wherever” 引导地点状语从句 ,表达情感关联 )
⑦引导让步状语从句的从属连词(although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever 等 )
although/though(表 “虽然、尽管”,不与 “but” 连用 ):
Although it’s raining, we still go to school.(虽然下雨了,我们还是去上学 。天气与行动的让步 )
Though he is poor, he is happy.(尽管他很穷,但很快乐 。物质与精神的对比 )
Although she is tired, she continues working.(虽然她很累,但仍继续工作 。身体状态与坚持 )
even though/even if(表 “即使、尽管”,强调假设或极端情况 ):
Even though it snows, we’ll go camping.(即使下雪,我们也会去露营 。极端天气下的决心 )
Even if he fails, he won’t give up.(即使他失败了,也不会放弃 。面对失败的态度 )
Even though she is busy, she helps me.(即使她很忙,也会帮我 。忙碌中的帮助 )
however(表 “无论多么”,后接形容词 / 副词 ):
However difficult the task is, we’ll complete it.(无论任务多难,我们都会完成 。强调任务难度与决心 )
However fast he runs, I can catch up.(无论他跑多快,我都能追上 。速度对比与自信 )
However late it is, he will
⑧引导方式状语从句的从属连词(as, as if, as though, the way 等 )
as(像…… 一样;按照…… 方式)
You should do as the teacher instructed.(你应该按照老师的指示去做。)
She sings as her mother did when she was young.(她唱歌的方式和她妈妈年轻时一样。)
Leave the room as it is.(让房间保持原样。)
as if(好像;仿佛)
He talks as if he knew everything about the incident.(他说话的样子好像对这件事了如指掌。)
The girl looked at me as if she had seen me before.(那个女孩看着我,好像以前见过我似的。)
The clouds are gathering as if it is going to rain.(乌云密布,好像要下雨了。)
as though(好像;仿佛,与 as if 用法基本一致)
She cried as though her heart would break.(她哭得好像心都要碎了。)
He behaves as though he were the boss here.(他表现得好像自己是这里的老板一样。)
The old man smiled as though he remembered something happy.(老人笑了,仿佛想起了什么开心的事。)
the way(…… 的方式)
I don’t like the way he speaks to his parents.(我不喜欢他对父母说话的方式。)
They live the way their ancestors did centuries ago.(他们按照几百年前祖先的方式生活。)
She paints the way a professional artist does.(她画画的方式和专业艺术家一样。)
【即时训练】
1.______ she is young, she knows a lot about history.
A. But B. Yet C. However D. While
【答案】D
【解析】while 表 “尽管;虽然”(让步转折),句意为 “尽管她年轻,但对历史了解很多”;but/yet 表直接转折(不放句首引导这种让步逻辑);however 需 “逗号” 隔开,且侧重 “然而”,选 D。
2.He is not ______ a good student ______ a helpful classmate.
A. both; and B. not only; but also C. either; or D. neither; nor
【答案】B
【解析】not only...but also... 表 “不仅是…… 还是……”,符合 “他不仅是好学生,还是 helpful 同学”;both...and... 无否定逻辑;either...or... 表 “要么…… 要么”;neither...nor... 表 “既不…… 也不”,选 B。
3.Hurry up, ______ you’ll miss the last train.
A. or B. and C. so D. for
【答案】A
【解析】or 表 “否则;不然”,句意为 “快点,否则错过末班车”;and 表并列 / 顺承;so 表结果;for 表补充原因,选 A。
4.She worked hard, ______ she failed the exam.
A. so B. but C. for D. yet
【答案】D
【解析】yet 表 “然而;尽管如此”(常与完成时 / 事实转折搭配),句意为 “她努力了,然而考试失败”;but 直接转折(更口语);so 表结果;for 表补充原因,选 D(语境强调 “努力却未成功” 的反差,yet 更贴切)。
5.You can ______ stay at home ______ go to the park with us.
A. both; and B. not only; but also C. either; or D. neither; nor
【答案】C
【解析】either...or... 表 “要么…… 要么”,符合 “你要么在家,要么和我们去公园”;both...and... 表 “两者都”;not only...but also... 表递进;neither...nor... 表 “既不…… 也不”,选 C。
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编写说明:2026版湖南省(对口招生)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。
本专题是2026版湖南省(对口招生)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第5个专题,内容为连词。
2026版湖南省(对口招生)一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题5 连词(真题+模拟题)
(
【考点解读】
近几年
湖南对口招生英语连词是连接词、短语或句子的词,分并列连词(如 and, but, or)和从属连词(如 because, if, when)。并列连词连接对等成分,表并列、转折、选择等;从属连词引导从句,表时间、原因、条件等,使句子逻辑更清晰,衔接更流畅。
)
【知识点清单一】连词的概念和分类
【要点精讲】
1. 连词的概念
连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。
2. 连词的分类
按照性质分类,连词可分为并列连词和从属连词。
(1)并列连词
分类
例词
表示转折关系的连词
but, yet, however, still, while, or(否则), nevertheless
表示并列关系的连词
and, neither...nor..., not only...but (also)..., both...and..., as well as
表示选择关系的连词
or(或者), either...or..., otherwise, not...but
表示因果关系的连词
for, so
(2)从属连词
分类
例词
引导名词性从句的从属连词
that, whether, if, as if 等
引导状语从句的从属连词
when, while, before, after, since, until, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, instantly, once, no sooner...than..., hardly...when..., if, unless, as/so long as, in case, in order that, so that, so...that..., such...that..., because, now (that), where, wherever, although, though, as, as if
【即时训练】
1.She is good at singing, ______ she doesn’t like dancing at all.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
2.______ my father ______ my mother likes classical music. They prefer pop music.
A. Neither; nor B. Both; and C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
3.You must hurry up, ______ you will miss the early bus.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
4.He didn’t study hard, ______ he failed the exam.
A. for B. so C. but D. or
5.______ Tom ______ Lucy can speak French. They both studied it in college.
A. Neither; nor B. Either; or C. Both; and D. Not only; but also
【知识点清单二】连词的基本用法
1. 并列连词的基本用法
①表示转折关系的连词(but, yet, however, still, while 等 )
but(直接表转折,简洁明了 ):
She is rich, but she lives a simple life.(她很富有,但过着简朴生活 。“富有” 和 “简朴” 形成鲜明转折 )
He said he would come, but he didn’t show up.(他说会来,但没出现 。承诺与实际行动的转折 )
The movie is popular, but I don’t like it.(电影很火,但我不喜欢 。大众喜好和个人喜好的差异 )
yet(可表 “然而、尽管如此”,常与现在完成时搭配 ):
He has worked hard, yet he hasn’t achieved his goal.(他努力了,然而仍未达成目标 。努力和结果的矛盾 )
The problem is difficult, yet we’ll try to solve it.(问题很难,但我们会尝试解决 。强调困难下的决心 )
She is tired, yet she continues working.(她很累,但仍继续工作 。身体状态和行动的反差 )
however(表转折时,常用逗号隔开,更显正式 ):
The plan sounds good; however, it’s not practical.(计划听起来不错;但不实际 。先肯定再转折,突出可行性问题 )
He is very rich; however, he is not happy.(他很富有,但不快乐 。物质与精神状态的对比 )
The weather is bad; however, we still go hiking.(天气恶劣,但我们仍去徒步 。环境与行动的冲突 )
②表示并列关系的连词(and, both...and..., not only...but also..., neither...nor... 等 )
and(最基础的并列,连接对等内容 ):
I like reading and writing.(我喜欢阅读和写作 。两种爱好的并列 )
She bought a book and a pen.(她买了一本书和一支笔 。两种物品的并列 )
He smiled and said hello.(他微笑着打招呼 。两个动作的连贯 )
both...and...(强调 “两者都”,连接主语时谓语用复数 ):
Both Tom and Lily are good at math.(汤姆和莉莉都擅长数学 。两人共同的学科优势 )
The book is both interesting and educational.(这本书既有趣又有教育意义 。两个属性的叠加 )
Both eating well and exercising regularly are good for health.(合理饮食和规律锻炼都对健康有益 。两种健康方式的并列 )
not only...but also...(表递进,强调后者,连接主语时谓语遵循 “就近原则” ):
He is not only a teacher but also a writer.(他不仅是老师,还是作家 。身份的递进 )
She can not only sing but also dance.(她不仅会唱歌,还会跳舞 。技能的递进 )
This new car is not only fast but also fuel - efficient.(这辆新车不仅速度快,还省油 。性能的递进 )
③表示选择关系的连词(or, either...or..., otherwise 等 )
or(表 “或者、要么”,用于选择 ):
You can choose tea or coffee.(你可以选茶或咖啡 。饮品的选择 )
Let’s go to the park or the cinema.(咱们去公园或电影院 。地点的选择 )
Study hard, or you’ll fail the exam.(努力学习,否则考试会不及格 。“否则” 的隐含选择 )
either...or...(强调 “二者选其一”,连接主语时谓语遵循 “就近原则” ):
Either you or he has to clean the room.(要么你,要么他得打扫房间 。责任的分配 )
You can either stay here or leave.(你要么留下,要么离开 。行动的选择 )
Either reading books or listening to music helps relax.(读书或听音乐都有助于放松 。放松方式的选择 )
otherwise(表 “否则、不然”,引出反面结果 ):
Hurry up, otherwise you’ll miss the bus.(快点,不然你会错过公交车 。催促与后果 )
Finish your homework, otherwise you can’t watch TV.(完成作业,不然不能看电视 。条件与限制 )
Wear warm clothes, otherwise you’ll catch a cold.(穿暖和点,不然你会感冒 。提醒与后果 )
④表示因果关系的连词(for, so )
for(补充说明原因,常用逗号隔开,语气较弱 ):
He is happy, for he passed the exam.(他很开心,因为通过了考试 。用 “for” 补充开心的原因 )
She didn’t go out, for it was raining heavily.(她没出去,因为雨下得很大 。解释不出门的缘由 )
They are late, for their car broke down.(他们迟到了,因为车抛锚了 。说明迟到的原因 )
so(表 “所以、因此”,引出结果 ):
It’s raining, so we stay at home.(下雨了,所以我们待在家里 。天气导致的行动结果 )
He worked hard, so he got a promotion.(他努力工作,所以得到了晋升 。努力带来的成果 )
The food is delicious, so we order more.(食物很美味,所以我们多点了些 。口感引发的行为 )
2. 从属连词的基本用法
(1)引导名词性从句的从属连词
引导名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句 )的从属连词主要有 that, whether, if 等。
that(无实际意义,起连接作用,引导宾语从句时可省略 ):
I know that he is a good student.(我知道他是个好学生 。引导宾语从句,陈述事实 )
The news that he won the prize made us happy.(他获奖的消息让我们开心 。引导同位语从句,解释 “news” 内容 )
That she will come to the party is certain.(她会来参加派对,这是肯定的 。引导主语从句 )
whether(表 “是否”,常与 “or not” 连用,引导宾语从句、主语从句等 ):
I wonder whether he will come.(我想知道他是否会来 。引导宾语从句 )
Whether she can finish the work on time is unknown.(她是否能按时完成工作,还不确定 。引导主语从句 )
He asked whether I liked coffee or tea.(他问我喜欢咖啡还是茶 。引导宾语从句,表选择疑问 )
if(表 “是否”,常引导宾语从句,口语中常用;但引导主语从句、表语从句等多用 “whether” ):
I don’t know if he will help me.(我不知道他是否会帮我 。引导宾语从句 )
She asked if I wanted to go with her.(她问我是否想和她一起去 。引导宾语从句 )
He wonders if it will rain tomorrow.(他想知道明天是否会下雨 。引导宾语从句 )
(2)引导状语从句的从属连词
①引导时间状语从句的从属连词
when(可表 “当…… 时”,时间点或时间段均可 ):
When I was walking, I met an old friend.(我走路时,遇到了一位老朋友 。表时间段 )
When he arrives, please call me.(他到的时候,请给我打电话 。表时间点 )
When spring comes, flowers bloom.(春天来临时,花儿绽放 。表季节变化的时间关联 )
while(强调 “在…… 期间”,常表持续动作,主从句动作同时进行 ):
While she was reading, I was cooking.(她读书时,我在做饭 。两个持续动作同时发生 )
While it was snowing, the children played outside.(下雪时,孩子们在外面玩 。天气与活动的同时性 )
While he is young, he knows a lot.(他虽然年轻,但知识渊博 。也可表对比,此处为 “尽管” 含义 ,引导让步状语从句 ,拓展用法 )
as(表 “当…… 时、随着”,强调动作同步 ):
As the sun rose, we started our journey.(太阳升起时,我们开始旅程 。动作同步 )
As time goes by, we grow older.(随着时间流逝,我们渐渐变老 。强调变化过程 )
As he walked, he sang a song.(他一边走,一边唱歌 。伴随动作 )
②引导条件状语从句的从属连词(if, unless, as (so) long as, in case 等 )
if(表 “如果”,最常用的条件引导词 ):
If it rains, we’ll stay at home.(如果下雨,我们就待在家里 。常规条件假设 )
If you study hard, you’ll get good grades.(如果你努力学习,会取得好成绩 。条件与结果 )
If he calls, tell him I’m busy.(如果他打电话来,告诉他我很忙 。条件性指令 )
unless(表 “除非、如果不”,相当于 “if...not” ):
Unless you work hard, you won’t succeed.(除非你努力,否则不会成功 。“努力” 是 “成功” 的条件 )
I won’t go unless he invites me.(除非他邀请我,否则我不去 。“邀请” 是 “去” 的前提 )
Unless it snows, we’ll have a picnic.(除非下雪,否则我们会去野餐 。天气条件的限制 )
as (so) long as(表 “只要”,强调条件的充分性 ):
As long as you try your best, it doesn’t matter if you fail.(只要你尽力了,失败也没关系 。强调尽力的重要性 )
So long as we work together, we can finish the task.(只要我们合作,就能完成任务 。合作是完成任务的条件 )
As long as there is hope, we shouldn’t give up.(只要有希望,我们就不该放弃 。希望是坚持的条件 )
③引导原因状语从句的从属连词(because, as, since, now (that), considering (that) 等 )
because(表 “因为”,强调直接因果,回答 “why” 提问 ):
He didn’t come to school because he was ill.(他没来上学,因为生病了 。直接因果关系 )
She cried because she was sad.(她哭了,因为难过 。情绪与行为的因果 )
I like her because she is kind.(我喜欢她,因为她善良 。性格是喜欢的原因 )
as(表 “由于、因为”,语气比 “because” 弱,常放句首 ):
As it was late, we went home.(由于很晚了,我们就回家了 。时间因素导致的行动 )
As he is busy, he can’t help us.(由于他很忙,没法帮我们 。忙碌状态的影响 )
As the weather is nice, we go for a walk.(由于天气好,我们去散步 。天气促成的活动 )
since(表 “既然、因为”,常表已知或明显的原因 ):
Since you are here, let’s start the meeting.(既然你来了,咱们开始开会吧 。既定事实引发的行动 )
Since everyone is ready, we can leave.(既然大家都准备好了,我们可以走了 。准备状态的结果 )
Since you like it, you can take it.(既然你喜欢,就拿走吧 。喜好决定的行为 )
④引导目的状语从句的从属连词(so that, in order that 等 )
so that(表 “以便、为了”,引导的从句常含情态动词 ):
She studies hard so that she can get good grades.(她努力学习,以便取得好成绩 。学习目的 )
He speaks loudly so that everyone can hear him.(他大声说话,以便大家都能听到 。说话目的 )
We save money so that we can travel.(我们存钱,以便去旅行 。存钱目的 )
in order that(表 “为了”,比 “so that” 更正式,可放句首 ):
In order that we can arrive on time, we leave early.(为了能按时到达,我们早点出发 。出发目的 )
She works hard in order that she can support her family.(她努力工作,为了养活家人 。工作目的 )
They practice every day in order that they can win the game.(他们每天练习,为了能赢得比赛 。练习目的 )
⑤引导结果状语从句的从属连词(so that, so...that..., such...that... 等 )
so that(表 “结果、以致”,此时从句不含情态动词,与表目的区分开 ):
He ran so fast that he won the race.(他跑得很快,结果赢得了比赛 。速度带来的结果 )
The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.(箱子太重,我搬不动 。重量导致的结果 )
She is so beautiful that everyone likes her.(她很漂亮,大家都喜欢她 。外貌产生的效果 )
so...that...(“so” 后接形容词 / 副词 ):
It’s so hot that we want to swim.(天气太热,我们想去游泳 。天气引发的想法 )
He is so tired that he falls asleep quickly.(他太累,很快就睡着了 。疲劳导致的结果 )
The movie is so interesting that we watch it twice.(电影很有趣,我们看了两遍 。趣味性带来的行为 )
such...that...(“such” 后接名词短语 ):
It’s such a beautiful day that we go hiking.(天气如此好,我们去徒步 。天气促成的活动 )
He is such a kind man that everyone respects him.(他是如此善良的人,大家都尊重他 。性格带来的尊重 )
They made such a loud noise that the neighbors complained.(他们制造了很大噪音,邻居们投诉了 。噪音引发的后果 )
⑥引导地点状语从句的从属连词(where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere )
where(表 “在…… 地方” ):
Put the book where it was.(把书放在原来的地方 。指定放置位置 )
He lives where the air is fresh.(他住在空气新鲜的地方 。居住地点的特征 )
Where there is a will, there is a way.(有志者事竟成 。“where” 引导地点状语从句,表 “在…… 地方” ,固定谚语 )
wherever(表 “无论哪里” ):
Wherever you go, I’ll follow you.(无论你去哪里,我都会跟着你 。强调跟随的决心 )
He helps others wherever he is.(无论他在哪里,都会帮助别人 。体现乐于助人的品质 )
Wherever there is love, there is happiness.(哪里有爱,哪里就有幸福 。“wherever” 引导地点状语从句 ,表达情感关联 )
⑦引导让步状语从句的从属连词(although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever 等 )
although/though(表 “虽然、尽管”,不与 “but” 连用 ):
Although it’s raining, we still go to school.(虽然下雨了,我们还是去上学 。天气与行动的让步 )
Though he is poor, he is happy.(尽管他很穷,但很快乐 。物质与精神的对比 )
Although she is tired, she continues working.(虽然她很累,但仍继续工作 。身体状态与坚持 )
even though/even if(表 “即使、尽管”,强调假设或极端情况 ):
Even though it snows, we’ll go camping.(即使下雪,我们也会去露营 。极端天气下的决心 )
Even if he fails, he won’t give up.(即使他失败了,也不会放弃 。面对失败的态度 )
Even though she is busy, she helps me.(即使她很忙,也会帮我 。忙碌中的帮助 )
however(表 “无论多么”,后接形容词 / 副词 ):
However difficult the task is, we’ll complete it.(无论任务多难,我们都会完成 。强调任务难度与决心 )
However fast he runs, I can catch up.(无论他跑多快,我都能追上 。速度对比与自信 )
However late it is, he will
⑧引导方式状语从句的从属连词(as, as if, as though, the way 等 )
as(像…… 一样;按照…… 方式)
You should do as the teacher instructed.(你应该按照老师的指示去做。)
She sings as her mother did when she was young.(她唱歌的方式和她妈妈年轻时一样。)
Leave the room as it is.(让房间保持原样。)
as if(好像;仿佛)
He talks as if he knew everything about the incident.(他说话的样子好像对这件事了如指掌。)
The girl looked at me as if she had seen me before.(那个女孩看着我,好像以前见过我似的。)
The clouds are gathering as if it is going to rain.(乌云密布,好像要下雨了。)
as though(好像;仿佛,与 as if 用法基本一致)
She cried as though her heart would break.(她哭得好像心都要碎了。)
He behaves as though he were the boss here.(他表现得好像自己是这里的老板一样。)
The old man smiled as though he remembered something happy.(老人笑了,仿佛想起了什么开心的事。)
the way(…… 的方式)
I don’t like the way he speaks to his parents.(我不喜欢他对父母说话的方式。)
They live the way their ancestors did centuries ago.(他们按照几百年前祖先的方式生活。)
She paints the way a professional artist does.(她画画的方式和专业艺术家一样。)
【即时训练】
1.______ she is young, she knows a lot about history.
A. But B. Yet C. However D. While
2.He is not ______ a good student ______ a helpful classmate.
A. both; and B. not only; but also C. either; or D. neither; nor
3.Hurry up, ______ you’ll miss the last train.
A. or B. and C. so D. for
4.She worked hard, ______ she failed the exam.
A. so B. but C. for D. yet
5.You can ______ stay at home ______ go to the park with us.
A. both; and B. not only; but also C. either; or D. neither; nor
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