专题22 主谓一致三大要点归纳（讲义）-2026版湖南省（对口升学）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第22个专题，内容为主谓一致。 2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题22 主谓一致（真题+模拟题） ( 【考点解读】 主谓一致指谓语动词形式随主语单复数变化。语法一致：主语单复数决定谓语，如 He runs。意义一致：按主语意义判断，如 The team are playing。就近原则：谓语随近主语，如 There is a pen and books。集合名词视情况，如 Family is/are。 ) 【知识点清单一】语法一致原则 【要点精讲】 语法一致原则指句子的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数。 一、“the + 形容词” 作主语​ 核心要点：“the + 形容词” 表示一类人时，视为复数，谓语用复数；表示抽象概念时，视为单数，谓语用单数。​ The old are taken good care of in this community.（这个社区的老年人得到了很好的照顾。）（表一类人）​ The beautiful lies in simplicity.（美在于简洁。）（表抽象概念）​ The injured were sent to the hospital immediately.（伤者被立即送往医院。）（表一类人）​ 二、“more than one + 单数名词” 与 “many a + 单数名词” 作主语​ 核心要点：虽表达复数含义，但语法上视为单数，谓语用单数。​ More than one student has passed the exam.（不止一个学生通过了考试。）​ Many a tree was planted on the hill last year.（去年山上种了很多树。）​ More than one country is involved in the project.（不止一个国家参与了这个项目。）​ 三、“one of + 复数名词” 与 “the only one of + 复数名词” 作主语​ 核心要点：“one of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语用单数；“the only one of + 复数名词” 强调唯一性，谓语也用单数，但逻辑重心不同。​ One of the books is missing from the shelf.（书架上少了一本书。）​ The only one of the girls speaks French fluently.（这些女孩中只有一个法语说得流利。）​ One of the windows was broken in the storm.（暴风雨中一扇窗户被打破了。）​ 四、倒装句中的主谓一致​ 核心要点：倒装句中，谓语动词的单复数由后面的主语决定，遵循 “主语决定谓语” 的原则。​ On the table are three cups and a plate.（桌子上有三个杯子和一个盘子。）（主语是 three cups and a plate，复数）​ Here comes the bus.（公交车来了。）（主语是 the bus，单数）​ Under the tree sit two old men chatting.（树下坐着两个聊天的老人。）（主语是 two old men，复数）​ 五、“each/every + 单数名词 + and+each/every + 单数名词” 作主语​ 核心要点：强调个体，视为单数，谓语用单数。​ Each boy and each girl has a new textbook.（每个男孩和每个女孩都有一本新课本。）​ Every student and every teacher is required to attend the meeting.（每个学生和每个老师都要参加会议。）​ Each desk and each chair was checked carefully.（每张桌椅都经过了仔细检查。）​ 六、“a number of + 复数名词” 与 “the number of + 复数名词” 作主语​ 核心要点：“a number of + 复数名词” 表 “许多”，视为复数，谓语用复数；“the number of + 复数名词” 表 “…… 的数量”，视为单数，谓语用单数。​ A number of students are interested in the activity.（许多学生对这项活动感兴趣。）​ The number of books in the library has increased to 100,000.（图书馆的藏书量已增至 10 万册。）​ A number of problems remain to be solved.（还有许多问题有待解决。）​ 七、“分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词” 作主语​ 核心要点：谓语动词的单复数由 of 后的名词决定（名词为单数 / 不可数，谓语用单数；名词为复数，谓语用复数）。​ Two thirds of the land is covered with forest.（三分之二的土地被森林覆盖。）（land 为不可数名词）​ Forty percent of the workers are from other cities.（40% 的工人来自其他城市。）（workers 为复数）​ One fifth of the water was polluted.（五分之一的水被污染了。）（water 为不可数名词）​ 八、“neither...nor...”“either...or...” 连接主语时的语法一致补充​ 核心要点：虽通常遵循就近原则，但在强调两者都不 / 都有时，若主语为单数，也可体现语法一致（单数谓语）。​ Neither the boss nor the employee agrees with the plan.（老板和员工都不同意这个计划。）（两者均为单数，谓语用单数）​ Either coffee or tea is suitable for the guests.（咖啡或茶都适合客人。）（两者均为单数，谓语用单数）​ Neither the teacher nor the students want to postpone the exam.（老师和学生都不想推迟考试。）（就近原则，students 为复数）​ 【即时训练】 1.The poor ______ helped by the local government every year.​ A. is B. are C. was D. has been​ 2.More than one member ______ against the new rule at the meeting.​ A. votes B. vote C. voted D. have voted​ 3.One of the paintings in the museum ______ during the robbery last night.​ A. is stolen B. are stolen C. was stolen D. were stolen​ 4.On the wall ______ a map of the world and two posters.​ A. hangs B. hang C. is hanging D. are hanging​ 5.Each man and each woman ______ a ticket before entering the cinema.​ A. need B. needs C. needing D. to need​ 【知识点清单二】意义一致原则 【要点精讲】 意义一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的实际意义，而非仅看语法形式。即主语形式上为单数但意义表复数时，谓语用复数；形式上为复数但意义表单数时，谓语用单数。​ 一、主语形式为单数，意义表复数，谓语用复数​ 1.表时间、距离、金额等的复数名词作主语，表整体概念时​ Ten years have passed since we graduated.（我们毕业已经十年了。）​ （“十年” 视为多个年份的累积，意义上为复数）​ Two thousand dollars were donated to the charity.（两千美元被捐赠给了慈善机构。）​ （“两千美元” 强调具体金额的数量，意义上为复数）​ Fifty kilometers are a long distance to walk in a day.（一天走五十公里是很长的距离。）​ （“五十公里” 强调路程的长度总和，意义上为复数）​ 2.“the + 形容词” 表一类人时​ The elderly need more care and respect from society.（老年人需要社会更多的关爱和尊重。）​ （“the elderly” 指代所有老年人，意义为复数）​ The homeless are provided with temporary shelters in winter.（冬天，无家可归者能得到临时住所。）​ （“the homeless” 指代所有无家可归的人，意义为复数）​ The injured were sent to the hospital immediately after the accident.（事故后，伤者被立即送往医院。）​ （“the injured” 指代所有受伤的人，意义为复数）​ 3.某些以 - s 结尾的学科名词，当表示 “学科” 时为单数，表 “具体内容 / 成果” 时为复数​ His physics are weak because he rarely studies the subject.（他的物理知识很差，因为他很少学习这门课。）​ （“physics” 此处指物理知识，意义为复数）​ The statistics show that the crime rate has decreased.（数据显示犯罪率下降了。）​ （“statistics” 此处指统计数据，意义为复数）​ Economics are more complex than most students think.（经济学知识比大多数学生想的更复杂。）​ （“economics” 此处指经济学相关知识，意义为复数）​ 二、主语形式为复数，意义表单数，谓语用单数​ 1.某些复数形式的名词表单一事物时​ The United States is a developed country.（美国是一个发达国家。）​ （“The United States” 是一个国家，意义为单数）​ Mathematics is my favorite subject.（数学是我最喜欢的学科。）​ （“Mathematics” 指一门学科，意义为单数）​ News is spreading quickly through social media.（消息通过社交媒体迅速传播。）​ （“News” 是不可数名词，形式上无复数，此处表单一消息，意义为单数）​ 2.“more than one + 单数名词” 虽形式表复数概念，但意义上强调个体时​ More than one student was late for class this morning.（今天早上不止一个学生迟到了。）​ （强调每个迟到的学生个体，意义为单数）​ More than one tree was planted in the park yesterday.（昨天公园里种了不止一棵树。）​ （强调每棵被种植的树个体，意义为单数）​ More than one mistake was found in his report.（他的报告中发现了不止一个错误。）​ （强调每个错误个体，意义为单数）​ 3.某些固定短语表整体概念时​ A lot of work is needed to finish the project.（完成这个项目需要大量工作。）​ （“a lot of work” 中 “work” 是不可数名词，整体意义为单数）​ Half of the apple is rotten.（这个苹果的一半烂了。）​ （“half of the apple” 指苹果的一部分，整体意义为单数）​ Most of the water has been used up.（大部分水已经被用完了。）​ （“most of the water” 中 “water” 是不可数名词，整体意义为单数）​ 三、集合名词作主语，根据意义判断单复数​ 表整体时，谓语用单数；表成员时，谓语用复数​ The team is preparing for the upcoming match.（这个队正在为即将到来的比赛做准备。）​ （“team” 表整体队伍，意义为单数）​ The team are discussing their strategies heatedly.（队员们正在激烈讨论他们的策略。）​ （“team” 表队员个体，意义为复数）​ The family has moved to a new city.（这家人搬到了一个新城市。）​ （“family” 表整体家庭，意义为单数）​ The family are having a dinner together.（家人们正在一起吃晚饭。）​ （“family” 表家庭成员，意义为复数）​ The government is making new policies to improve the economy.（政府正在制定新政策改善经济。）​ （“government” 表整体政府，意义为单数）​ The government are divided on the new proposal.（政府内部在新提案上存在分歧。）​ （“government” 表政府成员，意义为复数）​ 【即时训练】 1.The police ______ searching for the missing child in the forest all night.​ A. is B. are C. was D. has been​ 2.Ten thousand dollars ______ a large sum for a student to save in a year.​ A. is B. are C. was D. were​ 3.The team ______ arguing about the best strategy for the game when the coach arrived.​ A. is B. are C. was D. were​ 4.The United Nations ______ an important role in international relations since its founding.​ A. play B. plays C. has played D. have played​ 5.Three hours ______ passed since we started waiting for the bus.​ A. has B. have C. is D. are​ 【知识点清单三】就近一致原则 【要点精讲】 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式由离它最近的主语决定，但在实际运用中，需结合主语的实际意义（意义一致）判断，避免仅依赖语法形式。以下是常见场景及示例：​ 一、由 or, nor, either...or..., neither...nor... 连接的主语​ 规则：谓语单复数与靠近的主语一致，同时需结合靠近主语的实际意义（单数 / 复数）。​ 1.Either the teacher or the students ______ responsible for the mistake.​ （靠近的主语是 students，表复数意义，谓语用复数）​ → Either the teacher or the students are responsible for the mistake.（要么老师，要么学生要为这个错误负责。） 2.Neither the books nor the pen ______ mine.​ （靠近的主语是 pen，表单数意义，谓语用单数）​ → Neither the books nor the pen is mine.（这些书和这支笔都不是我的。）​ 3.Not you but your brother ______ to blame for breaking the window.​ （靠近的主语是 your brother，表单数意义，谓语用单数）​ → Not you but your brother is to blame for breaking the window.（不是你，而是你弟弟要为打破窗户负责。） 二、there be 句型​ 规则：be 动词的单复数由靠近的主语的意义决定（单数 / 复数）。​ 1.There ______ a dictionary and three notebooks on the desk.​ （靠近的主语是 dictionary，表单数意义，be 用 is）​ → There is a dictionary and three notebooks on the desk.（桌上有一本字典和三个笔记本。）​ 2.There ______ some apples and a basket in the corner.​ （靠近的主语是 apples，表复数意义，be 用 are）​ → There are some apples and a basket in the corner.（角落里有一些苹果和一个篮子。）​ 3.There ______ a group of children playing in the yard.​ （靠近的主语是 a group，表单数意义，be 用 is）​ → There is a group of children playing in the yard.（院子里有一群孩子在玩。）​ 三、由 not only...but also... 连接的主语​ 规则：谓语单复数与 but also 后的主语一致，需结合该主语的实际意义。​ 1.Not only the parents but also the child ______ interested in the cartoon.​ （but also 后是 child，表单数意义，谓语用单数）​ → Not only the parents but also the child is interested in the cartoon.（不仅父母，孩子也对这部动画片感兴趣。） 2.Not only the dog but also the cats ______ fed by the neighbor.​ （but also 后是 cats，表复数意义，谓语用复数）​ → Not only the dog but also the cats are fed by the neighbor.（不仅狗，猫也是邻居喂的。）​ 3.Not only the desk but also the chairs ______ made of wood.​ （but also 后是 chairs，表复数意义，谓语用复数）​ → Not only the desk but also the chairs are made of wood.（不仅桌子，椅子也是木头做的。）​ 四、由 as well as, with, along with 等连接的主语​ 规则：谓语单复数由前面的主语决定，需结合前面主语的实际意义（虽非严格就近，但需体现意义一致） 1.The teacher as well as the students ______ looking forward to the holiday.​ （前面主语是 teacher，表单数意义，谓语用单数）​ → The teacher as well as the students is looking forward to the holiday.（老师和学生们都期待着假期。）​ 2.Tom, along with his friends, ______ planning a trip to the mountains.​ （前面主语是 Tom，表单数意义，谓语用单数）​ → Tom, along with his friends, is planning a trip to the mountains.（汤姆和他的朋友们计划去山里旅行。）​ 3.These books, with that magazine, ______ borrowed from the library.​ （前面主语是 books，表复数意义，谓语用复数）​ → These books, with that magazine, are borrowed from the library.（这些书和那本杂志都是从图书馆借的。）​ 【即时训练】 1.Either the manager or the employees ______ responsible for the delay in the project.​ A. is B. are C. was D. has been​ 2.There ______ a pen, a notebook and a ruler on the desk.​ A. is B. are C. was D. were​ 3.Not only the students but also their teacher ______ interested in the new course.​ A. is B. are C. were D. have been​ 4.Neither the books nor the magazine ______ mine.​ A. is B. are C. were D. have been​ 5.There ______ some children and a teacher in the classroom.​ A. is B. are C. was D. has been​ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第22个专题，内容为主谓一致。 2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题22 主谓一致（真题+模拟题） ( 【考点解读】 主谓一致指谓语动词形式随主语单复数变化。语法一致：主语单复数决定谓语，如 He runs。意义一致：按主语意义判断，如 The team are playing。就近原则：谓语随近主语，如 There is a pen and books。集合名词视情况，如 Family is/are。 ) 【知识点清单一】语法一致原则 【要点精讲】 语法一致原则指句子的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数。 一、“the + 形容词” 作主语​ 核心要点：“the + 形容词” 表示一类人时，视为复数，谓语用复数；表示抽象概念时，视为单数，谓语用单数。​ The old are taken good care of in this community.（这个社区的老年人得到了很好的照顾。）（表一类人）​ The beautiful lies in simplicity.（美在于简洁。）（表抽象概念）​ The injured were sent to the hospital immediately.（伤者被立即送往医院。）（表一类人）​ 二、“more than one + 单数名词” 与 “many a + 单数名词” 作主语​ 核心要点：虽表达复数含义，但语法上视为单数，谓语用单数。​ More than one student has passed the exam.（不止一个学生通过了考试。）​ Many a tree was planted on the hill last year.（去年山上种了很多树。）​ More than one country is involved in the project.（不止一个国家参与了这个项目。）​ 三、“one of + 复数名词” 与 “the only one of + 复数名词” 作主语​ 核心要点：“one of + 复数名词” 作主语时，谓语用单数；“the only one of + 复数名词” 强调唯一性，谓语也用单数，但逻辑重心不同。​ One of the books is missing from the shelf.（书架上少了一本书。）​ The only one of the girls speaks French fluently.（这些女孩中只有一个法语说得流利。）​ One of the windows was broken in the storm.（暴风雨中一扇窗户被打破了。）​ 四、倒装句中的主谓一致​ 核心要点：倒装句中，谓语动词的单复数由后面的主语决定，遵循 “主语决定谓语” 的原则。​ On the table are three cups and a plate.（桌子上有三个杯子和一个盘子。）（主语是 three cups and a plate，复数）​ Here comes the bus.（公交车来了。）（主语是 the bus，单数）​ Under the tree sit two old men chatting.（树下坐着两个聊天的老人。）（主语是 two old men，复数）​ 五、“each/every + 单数名词 + and+each/every + 单数名词” 作主语​ 核心要点：强调个体，视为单数，谓语用单数。​ Each boy and each girl has a new textbook.（每个男孩和每个女孩都有一本新课本。）​ Every student and every teacher is required to attend the meeting.（每个学生和每个老师都要参加会议。）​ Each desk and each chair was checked carefully.（每张桌椅都经过了仔细检查。）​ 六、“a number of + 复数名词” 与 “the number of + 复数名词” 作主语​ 核心要点：“a number of + 复数名词” 表 “许多”，视为复数，谓语用复数；“the number of + 复数名词” 表 “…… 的数量”，视为单数，谓语用单数。​ A number of students are interested in the activity.（许多学生对这项活动感兴趣。）​ The number of books in the library has increased to 100,000.（图书馆的藏书量已增至 10 万册。）​ A number of problems remain to be solved.（还有许多问题有待解决。）​ 七、“分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词” 作主语​ 核心要点：谓语动词的单复数由 of 后的名词决定（名词为单数 / 不可数，谓语用单数；名词为复数，谓语用复数）。​ Two thirds of the land is covered with forest.（三分之二的土地被森林覆盖。）（land 为不可数名词）​ Forty percent of the workers are from other cities.（40% 的工人来自其他城市。）（workers 为复数）​ One fifth of the water was polluted.（五分之一的水被污染了。）（water 为不可数名词）​ 八、“neither...nor...”“either...or...” 连接主语时的语法一致补充​ 核心要点：虽通常遵循就近原则，但在强调两者都不 / 都有时，若主语为单数，也可体现语法一致（单数谓语）。​ Neither the boss nor the employee agrees with the plan.（老板和员工都不同意这个计划。）（两者均为单数，谓语用单数）​ Either coffee or tea is suitable for the guests.（咖啡或茶都适合客人。）（两者均为单数，谓语用单数）​ Neither the teacher nor the students want to postpone the exam.（老师和学生都不想推迟考试。）（就近原则，students 为复数）​ 【即时训练】 1.The poor ______ helped by the local government every year.​ A. is B. are C. was D. has been​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】“the + 形容词” 表一类人（穷人）时视为复数，谓语用复数，故选 B。句意为 “穷人每年都得到当地政府的帮助”。​ 2.More than one member ______ against the new rule at the meeting.​ A. votes B. vote C. voted D. have voted​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】“more than one + 单数名词” 作主语，语法上视为单数，结合语境用过去时，故选 C。句意为 “不止一位成员在会上反对新规定”。​ 3.One of the paintings in the museum ______ during the robbery last night.​ A. is stolen B. are stolen C. was stolen D. were stolen​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】“one of + 复数名词” 作主语，谓语用单数，结合被动语态和过去时，故选 C。句意为 “博物馆里的一幅画在昨晚的抢劫中被盗了”。​ 4.On the wall ______ a map of the world and two posters.​ A. hangs B. hang C. is hanging D. are hanging​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】倒装句中谓语单复数由主语决定，主语是 “a map...and two posters”（复数），故选 B。句意为 “墙上挂着一幅世界地图和两张海报”。​ 5.Each man and each woman ______ a ticket before entering the cinema.​ A. need B. needs C. needing D. to need​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】“each + 单数名词 + and+each + 单数名词” 作主语，视为单数，谓语用第三人称单数，故选 B。句意为 “每个男人和女人进入电影院前都需要一张票”。 【知识点清单二】意义一致原则 【要点精讲】 意义一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的实际意义，而非仅看语法形式。即主语形式上为单数但意义表复数时，谓语用复数；形式上为复数但意义表单数时，谓语用单数。​ 一、主语形式为单数，意义表复数，谓语用复数​ 1.表时间、距离、金额等的复数名词作主语，表整体概念时​ Ten years have passed since we graduated.（我们毕业已经十年了。）​ （“十年” 视为多个年份的累积，意义上为复数）​ Two thousand dollars were donated to the charity.（两千美元被捐赠给了慈善机构。）​ （“两千美元” 强调具体金额的数量，意义上为复数）​ Fifty kilometers are a long distance to walk in a day.（一天走五十公里是很长的距离。）​ （“五十公里” 强调路程的长度总和，意义上为复数）​ 2.“the + 形容词” 表一类人时​ The elderly need more care and respect from society.（老年人需要社会更多的关爱和尊重。）​ （“the elderly” 指代所有老年人，意义为复数）​ The homeless are provided with temporary shelters in winter.（冬天，无家可归者能得到临时住所。）​ （“the homeless” 指代所有无家可归的人，意义为复数）​ The injured were sent to the hospital immediately after the accident.（事故后，伤者被立即送往医院。）​ （“the injured” 指代所有受伤的人，意义为复数）​ 3.某些以 - s 结尾的学科名词，当表示 “学科” 时为单数，表 “具体内容 / 成果” 时为复数​ His physics are weak because he rarely studies the subject.（他的物理知识很差，因为他很少学习这门课。）​ （“physics” 此处指物理知识，意义为复数）​ The statistics show that the crime rate has decreased.（数据显示犯罪率下降了。）​ （“statistics” 此处指统计数据，意义为复数）​ Economics are more complex than most students think.（经济学知识比大多数学生想的更复杂。）​ （“economics” 此处指经济学相关知识，意义为复数）​ 二、主语形式为复数，意义表单数，谓语用单数​ 1.某些复数形式的名词表单一事物时​ The United States is a developed country.（美国是一个发达国家。）​ （“The United States” 是一个国家，意义为单数）​ Mathematics is my favorite subject.（数学是我最喜欢的学科。）​ （“Mathematics” 指一门学科，意义为单数）​ News is spreading quickly through social media.（消息通过社交媒体迅速传播。）​ （“News” 是不可数名词，形式上无复数，此处表单一消息，意义为单数）​ 2.“more than one + 单数名词” 虽形式表复数概念，但意义上强调个体时​ More than one student was late for class this morning.（今天早上不止一个学生迟到了。）​ （强调每个迟到的学生个体，意义为单数）​ More than one tree was planted in the park yesterday.（昨天公园里种了不止一棵树。）​ （强调每棵被种植的树个体，意义为单数）​ More than one mistake was found in his report.（他的报告中发现了不止一个错误。）​ （强调每个错误个体，意义为单数）​ 3.某些固定短语表整体概念时​ A lot of work is needed to finish the project.（完成这个项目需要大量工作。）​ （“a lot of work” 中 “work” 是不可数名词，整体意义为单数）​ Half of the apple is rotten.（这个苹果的一半烂了。）​ （“half of the apple” 指苹果的一部分，整体意义为单数）​ Most of the water has been used up.（大部分水已经被用完了。）​ （“most of the water” 中 “water” 是不可数名词，整体意义为单数）​ 三、集合名词作主语，根据意义判断单复数​ 表整体时，谓语用单数；表成员时，谓语用复数​ The team is preparing for the upcoming match.（这个队正在为即将到来的比赛做准备。）​ （“team” 表整体队伍，意义为单数）​ The team are discussing their strategies heatedly.（队员们正在激烈讨论他们的策略。）​ （“team” 表队员个体，意义为复数）​ The family has moved to a new city.（这家人搬到了一个新城市。）​ （“family” 表整体家庭，意义为单数）​ The family are having a dinner together.（家人们正在一起吃晚饭。）​ （“family” 表家庭成员，意义为复数）​ The government is making new policies to improve the economy.（政府正在制定新政策改善经济。）​ （“government” 表整体政府，意义为单数）​ The government are divided on the new proposal.（政府内部在新提案上存在分歧。）​ （“government” 表政府成员，意义为复数）​ 【即时训练】 1.The police ______ searching for the missing child in the forest all night.​ A. is B. are C. was D. has been​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】“police” 形式为单数，实际指 “警察们”，意义为复数，谓语用复数，故选 B。句意为 “警察整夜都在森林里搜寻失踪的孩子”。​ 2.Ten thousand dollars ______ a large sum for a student to save in a year.​ A. is B. are C. was D. were​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】“Ten thousand dollars” 形式为复数，但表整体金额，意义为单数，谓语用单数，故选 A。句意为 “一万美元对一个学生来说，一年存下来是一大笔钱”。​ 3.The team ______ arguing about the best strategy for the game when the coach arrived.​ A. is B. are C. was D. were​ 【答案】D​ 【解析】“team” 此处指 “队员们”，强调个体，意义为复数，谓语用复数，故选 D。句意为 “教练到达时，队员们正在为比赛的最佳策略争论”。​ 4.The United Nations ______ an important role in international relations since its founding.​ A. play B. plays C. has played D. have played​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】“The United Nations” 形式为复数，实际指一个国际组织，意义为单数，结合现在完成时，故选 C。句意为 “联合国自成立以来在国际关系中发挥着重要作用”。​ 5.Three hours ______ passed since we started waiting for the bus.​ A. has B. have C. is D. are​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】“Three hours” 形式为复数，此处强调 “三个小时的时长累积”，意义为复数，谓语用复数，故选 B。句意为 “我们开始等公交车到现在，已经过去三个小时了”。 【知识点清单三】就近一致原则 【要点精讲】 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式由离它最近的主语决定，但在实际运用中，需结合主语的实际意义（意义一致）判断，避免仅依赖语法形式。以下是常见场景及示例：​ 一、由 or, nor, either...or..., neither...nor... 连接的主语​ 规则：谓语单复数与靠近的主语一致，同时需结合靠近主语的实际意义（单数 / 复数）。​ 1.Either the teacher or the students ______ responsible for the mistake.​ （靠近的主语是 students，表复数意义，谓语用复数）​ → Either the teacher or the students are responsible for the mistake.（要么老师，要么学生要为这个错误负责。） 2.Neither the books nor the pen ______ mine.​ （靠近的主语是 pen，表单数意义，谓语用单数）​ → Neither the books nor the pen is mine.（这些书和这支笔都不是我的。）​ 3.Not you but your brother ______ to blame for breaking the window.​ （靠近的主语是 your brother，表单数意义，谓语用单数）​ → Not you but your brother is to blame for breaking the window.（不是你，而是你弟弟要为打破窗户负责。） 二、there be 句型​ 规则：be 动词的单复数由靠近的主语的意义决定（单数 / 复数）。​ 1.There ______ a dictionary and three notebooks on the desk.​ （靠近的主语是 dictionary，表单数意义，be 用 is）​ → There is a dictionary and three notebooks on the desk.（桌上有一本字典和三个笔记本。）​ 2.There ______ some apples and a basket in the corner.​ （靠近的主语是 apples，表复数意义，be 用 are）​ → There are some apples and a basket in the corner.（角落里有一些苹果和一个篮子。）​ 3.There ______ a group of children playing in the yard.​ （靠近的主语是 a group，表单数意义，be 用 is）​ → There is a group of children playing in the yard.（院子里有一群孩子在玩。）​ 三、由 not only...but also... 连接的主语​ 规则：谓语单复数与 but also 后的主语一致，需结合该主语的实际意义。​ 1.Not only the parents but also the child ______ interested in the cartoon.​ （but also 后是 child，表单数意义，谓语用单数）​ → Not only the parents but also the child is interested in the cartoon.（不仅父母，孩子也对这部动画片感兴趣。） 2.Not only the dog but also the cats ______ fed by the neighbor.​ （but also 后是 cats，表复数意义，谓语用复数）​ → Not only the dog but also the cats are fed by the neighbor.（不仅狗，猫也是邻居喂的。）​ 3.Not only the desk but also the chairs ______ made of wood.​ （but also 后是 chairs，表复数意义，谓语用复数）​ → Not only the desk but also the chairs are made of wood.（不仅桌子，椅子也是木头做的。）​ 四、由 as well as, with, along with 等连接的主语​ 规则：谓语单复数由前面的主语决定，需结合前面主语的实际意义（虽非严格就近，但需体现意义一致） 1.The teacher as well as the students ______ looking forward to the holiday.​ （前面主语是 teacher，表单数意义，谓语用单数）​ → The teacher as well as the students is looking forward to the holiday.（老师和学生们都期待着假期。）​ 2.Tom, along with his friends, ______ planning a trip to the mountains.​ （前面主语是 Tom，表单数意义，谓语用单数）​ → Tom, along with his friends, is planning a trip to the mountains.（汤姆和他的朋友们计划去山里旅行。）​ 3.These books, with that magazine, ______ borrowed from the library.​ （前面主语是 books，表复数意义，谓语用复数）​ → These books, with that magazine, are borrowed from the library.（这些书和那本杂志都是从图书馆借的。）​ 【即时训练】 1.Either the manager or the employees ______ responsible for the delay in the project.​ A. is B. are C. was D. has been​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】句意为 “要么经理，要么员工要对项目延期负责”。either...or... 连接主语时，谓语与靠近的 employees（复数）一致，用复数，故选 B。​ 2.There ______ a pen, a notebook and a ruler on the desk.​ A. is B. are C. was D. were​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】句意为 “桌上有一支钢笔、一个笔记本和一把尺子”。there be 句型中，be 与靠近的 a pen（单数）一致，用单数，故选 A。​ 3.Not only the students but also their teacher ______ interested in the new course.​ A. is B. are C. were D. have been​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】句意为 “不仅学生们，他们的老师也对这门新课程感兴趣”。not only...but also... 连接主语时，谓语与 but also 后的 teacher（单数）一致，用单数，故选 A。​ 4.Neither the books nor the magazine ______ mine.​ A. is B. are C. were D. have been​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】句意为 “这些书和这本杂志都不是我的”。neither...nor... 连接主语时，谓语与靠近的 magazine（单数）一致，用单数，故选 A。​ 5.There ______ some children and a teacher in the classroom.​ A. is B. are C. was D. has been​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】句意为 “教室里有一些孩子和一位老师”。there be 句型中，be 与靠近的 some children（复数）一致，用复数，故选 B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$