专题21虚拟语气三大要点归纳（讲义）-2026版湖南省（对口升学）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第21个专题，内容为虚拟语气。 2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题21 虚拟语气（真题+模拟题） ( 【考点解读】 英语虚拟语气用于表假设、愿望等非真实情况。状语从句中，与现在事实相反，从句用过去时（be 用 were），主句用 would + 动原；与过去相反，从句 had + 过去分词，主句 would have + 过去分词；与将来相反，从句用过去时 /should + 动原 /were to + 动原，主句用 would + 动原。 ) 【知识点清单一】虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 【要点精讲】 一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 虚拟语气核心规则：当主句谓语动词是表示 “建议、命令、要求、坚持” 等意义的词（如 suggest, order, demand, insist 等）时，宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 “(should) + 动词原形”，should 可省略。​ The teacher suggested that we (should) finish the project by Friday.（老师建议我们周五前完成这个项目。）​ （suggest 表 “建议”，宾语从句用 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略）​ The manager ordered that all employees (should) attend the meeting tomorrow.（经理命令所有员工明天参加会议。）​ （order 表 “命令”，宾语从句用虚拟语气，should 省略后为 “attend”）​ She insisted that her son (should) apologize for his rudeness.（她坚持要求儿子为自己的无礼道歉。）​ （insist 表 “坚持要求” 时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，表 “坚持认为” 时不用）​ 二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法​ 核心规则：当主语从句由 it 作形式主语，且句中含 “建议、命令、要求、必要” 等意义的形容词（如 important, necessary, essential 等）或过去分词（如 suggested, required, demanded 等）时，从句用虚拟语气，结构为 “(should) + 动词原形”。​ It is important that we (should) protect the environment.（我们保护好环境是很重要的。）​ （形容词 important 后接主语从句，用虚拟语气，should 可省略）​ It was suggested that the law (should) be revised as soon as possible.（有人建议这项法律应尽快修订。）​ （过去分词 suggested 后接主语从句，虚拟语气结构中 should 省略）​ It is necessary that students (should) master basic computer skills.（学生掌握基本的计算机技能是必要的。）​ （形容词 necessary 引导主语从句，用 “should + 动词原形” 表虚拟）​ 三、虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法​ 核心规则：当表语从句的主语是表示 “建议、命令、要求、计划” 等意义的名词（如 suggestion, order, demand, plan 等）时，从句用虚拟语气，结构为 “(should) + 动词原形”。​ His suggestion is that we (should) start the work immediately.（他的建议是我们立即开始这项工作。）​ （主语是 suggestion，表语从句用虚拟语气，should 可省略）​ The order is that all doors (should) be locked before leaving.（命令是离开前所有门都要锁好。）​ （主语是 order，表语从句用 “should + 动词原形”，should 省略后为 “be locked”）​ Our demand is that the company (should) provide us with better working conditions.（我们的要求是公司给我们提供更好的工作条件。）​ （主语是 demand，表语从句用虚拟语气，体现 “要求” 的语气）​ 四、虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法​ 核心规则：当同位语从句修饰的名词是表示 “建议、命令、要求、愿望” 等意义的词（如 suggestion, order, demand, wish 等）时，从句用虚拟语气，结构为 “(should) + 动词原形”。​ We all agreed to his proposal that we (should) hold a charity sale.（我们都同意他举办一场慈善义卖的提议。） （同位语从句修饰 proposal，用虚拟语气，should 省略后为 “hold”）​ The general issued an order that the army (should) march to the front immediately.（将军下达命令，军队立即开往前线。）​ （同位语从句修饰 order，虚拟语气结构中 should 省略）​ She expressed her wish that her children (should) live a happy life.（她表达了希望孩子们过上幸福生活的愿望。） （同位语从句修饰 wish，用 “should + 动词原形” 表虚拟，体现 “愿望”）​ 【即时训练】 1.The doctor suggested that the patient ______ more rest to recover quickly.​ A. takes B. take C. took D. will take​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】句意为 “医生建议病人多休息以快速康复”。suggest 表 “建议”，其后宾语从句用虚拟语气，结构为 “(should)+ 动词原形”，should 可省略，故选 B。​ 2.It is necessary that we ______ a plan before starting the project.​ A. make B. made C. will make D. have made​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】句意为 “在开始项目前，我们制定一个计划是必要的”。It is necessary 后接主语从句，用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”，should 省略，故选 A。​ 3.His demand is that all the data ______ to him by the end of this week.​ A. send B. sent C. be sent D. will be sent​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】句意为 “他的要求是所有数据在本周末前发给她”。主语是 demand（要求），表语从句用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”，data 与 send 是被动关系，故选 C。​ 4.The manager insisted that the workers ______ overtime to finish the task.​ A. work B. worked C. works D. working​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】句意为 “经理坚持要求工人们加班完成任务”。insist 表 “坚持要求” 时，宾语从句用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”，should 省略，故选 A。​ 5.It was proposed that the meeting ______ until next Monday.​ A. postpone B. be postponed C. postponed D. will be postponed​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】句意为 “有人提议会议推迟到下周一”。It was proposed 后接主语从句，用虚拟语气 “(should)+ 动词原形”，meeting 与 postpone 是被动关系，故选 B。 【知识点清单二】虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 【要点精讲】 一、条件状语从句中的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：表示与事实相反的假设，分为与现在、过去、将来事实相反三种情况，主从句谓语动词形式需对应。​ 1.与现在事实相反​ 从句谓语用 “过去式（be 动词统一用 were）”，主句谓语用 “would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。​ If I were you, I would refuse the unreasonable request.（如果我是你，我会拒绝这个不合理的要求。）​ If she had enough time, she could participate in the volunteer activity.（如果她有足够时间，就能参加志愿活动了。） If the weather were fine today, we might go for a picnic.（如果今天天气好，我们或许会去野餐。）​ 2.与过去事实相反​ 从句谓语用 “had + 过去分词”，主句谓语用 “would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词”。​ If he had taken the doctor’s advice, he would have recovered earlier.（如果他听了医生的建议，早就康复了。） If we had arrived on time, we wouldn’t have missed the opening ceremony.（如果我们准时到，就不会错过开幕式了。）​ If she hadn’t forgotten the key, she could have entered the room.（如果她没忘带钥匙，就能进房间了。）​ 3.与将来事实相反（假设可能性极小）​ 从句谓语用 “过去式 /should + 动词原形 /were to + 动词原形”，主句谓语用 “would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。​ If it rained tomorrow, we would cancel the outdoor concert.（如果明天下雨，我们就取消户外音乐会。）​ If you should meet him, please pass this message to him.（万一你见到他，请把这个消息转告他。）​ If the team were to win the championship, they would receive a large bonus.（如果这支队伍能夺冠，他们会得到一笔丰厚奖金。）​ 二、目的状语从句中的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：表示 “为了、以便” 等目的，常用 “in order that”“so that” 引导，从句谓语用 “should + 动词原形（should 可省略）”，主语多为第一人称，常搭配 can/could 等情态动词的虚拟形式。​ She studies hard in order that she (should) pass the final exam.（她努力学习是为了能通过期末考试。）​ He saved money every month so that he (should) buy a new car next year.（他每月存钱，以便明年能买辆新车。） We need to leave early so that we (should) catch the first train.（我们需要早点出发，以便能赶上第一班火车。） 三、让步状语从句中的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：表示 “即使、尽管” 等让步假设，常用 “even if”“even though” 引导，谓语动词形式与条件状语从句对应（根据与现在、过去、将来事实相反的情况变化）。​ 1.与现在事实相反​ Even if he were here, he wouldn’t agree with this plan.（即使他在这儿，也不会同意这个计划。）​ Even though she knew the truth, she might not tell us.（尽管她知道真相，可能也不会告诉我们。）​ 2.与过去事实相反​ Even if they had invited me, I wouldn’t have attended the party.（即使他们邀请了我，我也不会去参加派对。） Even though he had made a mistake, he shouldn’t have been criticized so severely.（尽管他犯了错，也不该被这么严厉地批评。）​ 3.与将来事实相反​ Even if it should snow tomorrow, we will stick to our travel plan.（即使明天下雪，我们也会坚持旅行计划。） Even though the project were to face difficulties, we would try our best to complete it.（即使项目会遇到困难，我们也会尽力完成它。）​ 四、方式状语从句中的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：表示 “好像、仿佛” 等方式，常用 “as if”“as though” 引导，谓语动词形式根据与现在、过去事实相反的情况变化（与将来事实相反较少见）。​ 1.与现在事实相反（用过去式）​ He talks as if he knew everything about the incident.（他说话的样子好像对这件事了如指掌。）​ She looks at me as though I were a stranger.（她看着我，好像我是个陌生人。）​ 2.与过去事实相反（用 had + 过去分词）​ They talked about the film as if they had seen it before.（他们谈论那部电影，好像以前看过似的。）​ He acted as though he had never met her.（他表现得好像从没见过她一样。）​ 五、比较状语从句中的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：表示 “与其说、倒不如说” 等比较关系，常用 “as”“than” 引导，从句谓语用 “would + 动词原形”，强调与事实不符的比较。​ He is more diligent than he would appear.（他比看上去更勤奋。）​ She is not so clever as she would pretend.（她并不像自己假装的那么聪明。）​ This task is more difficult than we would imagine.（这项任务比我们想象的更难。） 【即时训练】 1.If it ______ tomorrow, we would have to cancel the sports meeting.​ A. rains B. rained C. will rain D. is raining​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】句意为 “如果明天下雨，我们就不得不取消运动会”。与将来事实相反的条件状语从句，谓语用过去式，故选 B。​ 2.She talked about the ancient city as if she ______ it before.​ A. visits B. visited C. had visited D. has visited​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】句意为 “她谈论那座古城时，好像以前去过似的”。as if 引导方式状语从句，与过去事实相反，谓语用 had + 过去分词，故选 C。​ 3.Even if he ______ here now, he couldn’t solve this problem alone.​ A. is B. was C. were D. be​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】句意为 “即使他现在在这儿，也不能独自解决这个问题”。even if 引导让步状语从句，与现在事实相反，be 动词用 were，故选 C。​ 4.They started early in order that they ______ the sunrise on the mountain.​ A. catch B. caught C. would catch D. will catch​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】句意为 “他们早早出发，以便能赶上山上的日出”。in order that 引导目的状语从句，虚拟语气用 (should)+ 动词原形，should 可省略，故选 A。​ 5.If you ______ the meeting last week, you would have known the details.​ A. attend B. attended C. had attended D. would attend​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】句意为 “如果你上周参加了会议，就会知道详情了”。与过去事实相反的条件状语从句，谓语用 had + 过去分词，故选 C。 【知识点清单三】虚拟语气在其他句式中的用法 【要点精讲】 一、if 省略的倒装句式​ 核心用法：虚拟条件句中，若 if 省略，需将 were, had, should 提到主语前，构成部分倒装，语气比普通条件句更正式。​ Were I in your position, I would reconsider the offer.（如果我处在你的位置，会重新考虑这个提议。）​ （原句：If I were in your position...）​ Had she told me the truth, I wouldn’t have made that mistake.（如果她告诉我真相，我就不会犯那个错了。）​ （原句：If she had told me the truth...）​ Should it rain tomorrow, we will put off the picnic.（万一明天下雨，我们就推迟野餐。）​ （原句：If it should rain tomorrow...）​ 二、含蓄虚拟语气（无明显条件句）​ 核心用法：通过介词短语、副词、上下文等暗示虚拟条件，主句谓语用虚拟语气形式，表达 “如果（假设）…… 就……”。​ Without your help, I couldn’t have finished the task on time.（没有你的帮助，我不可能按时完成任务。）​ （暗示条件：If there were no your help...）​ But for the storm, we would have arrived earlier.（要不是暴风雨，我们早就到了。）​ （暗示条件：If it hadn’t been for the storm...）​ He was busy then; otherwise, he would have joined us.（他当时很忙，否则就和我们一起去了。）​ （暗示条件：If he hadn’t been busy then...）​ 三、wish 后的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：wish 后接宾语从句，表达与事实相反的愿望，谓语动词形式根据 “与现在、过去、将来事实相反” 变化。​ 1.与现在事实相反（用过去式，be 动词用 were）​ I wish I were good at playing the piano.（真希望我擅长弹钢琴。）​ She wishes she had more free time to travel.（她希望自己有更多空闲时间去旅行。）​ They wish the weather were better today.（他们希望今天天气能好些。）​ 2.与过去事实相反（用 had + 过去分词）​ He wishes he had attended the lecture yesterday.（他后悔昨天没去听讲座。）​ I wish I hadn’t said those harsh words to her.（真希望没对她说那些刻薄的话。）​ We wish we had known the truth earlier.（要是我们早点知道真相就好了。）​ 3.与将来事实相反（用 would/could + 动词原形）​ I wish the rain would stop tomorrow.（真希望明天雨能停。）​ She wishes her son would study harder.（她希望儿子能更努力学习。）​ They wish the company could offer them better benefits.（他们希望公司能给更好的福利。）​ 四、情态动词的虚拟用法​ 核心用法：情态动词 should, could, might, would 等在虚拟语气中表示 “本应该 / 本可以 / 本可能”，表达与事实不符的推测或遗憾。​ You should have told me the news earlier.（你本应该早点告诉我这个消息的。）​ （实际没早说，表过去应该做而未做）​ He might have passed the exam if he had studied.（如果他学习了，本可能通过考试的。）​ （实际没通过，表过去可能发生而未发生）​ They could have finished the project on time, but they were lazy.（他们本可以按时完成项目，却偷懒了。）​ （实际没完成，表过去有能力做而未做）​ 五、would rather 后的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：would rather 后接从句，表达 “宁愿……”，谓语动词用过去式（与现在 / 将来事实相反）或 had + 过去分词（与过去事实相反）。​ 1.与现在 / 将来事实相反（用过去式）​ I would rather you stayed at home tonight.（我宁愿你今晚待在家里。）​ She would rather he didn’t smoke in the room.（她宁愿他不在房间里抽烟。）​ They would rather we held the meeting next week.（他们宁愿我们下周开会。）​ 2.与过去事实相反（用 had + 过去分词）​ I would rather you hadn’t told her the secret.（我宁愿你没把秘密告诉她。）​ He would rather he had chosen a different major.（他宁愿当初选了不同的专业。）​ We would rather they had arrived on time yesterday.（我们宁愿他们昨天准时到。）​ 六、as if/as though 后的虚拟语气（补充）​ 核心用法：除状语从句外，as if/as though 在表语从句中也可接虚拟语气，表达 “好像……”（与事实不符）。 It looks as if it might snow tonight.（天看起来好像今晚要下雪。）​ （实际未必下雪，与将来事实相反）​ Her eyes looked as though she had cried for hours.（她的眼睛看起来好像哭了好几个小时。）​ （实际没哭那么久，与过去事实相反）​ He acts as if he were the owner of the house.（他表现得好像自己是这房子的主人。）​ （实际不是，与现在事实相反）​ 【即时训练】 1.______ more careful, the mistake could have been avoided.​ A. Were he B. Had he been C. Should he be D. If he is​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】句意为 “如果他更细心些，这个错误本可以避免”。这是 if 省略的倒装句式，与过去事实相反，原句为 “If he had been more careful...”，省略 if 后将 had 提前，故选 B。​ 2.Without your support, we ______ the championship last year.​ A. wouldn’t win B. didn’t win C. wouldn’t have won D. haven’t won​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】句意为 “没有你的支持，我们去年就不会赢得冠军”。这是含蓄虚拟语气，without 暗示与过去事实相反的条件，主句用 “wouldn’t have + 过去分词”，故选 C。​ 3.I wish I ______ the chance to study abroad when I was young.​ A. have B. had C. had had D. would have​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】句意为 “我真希望年轻时有机会出国留学”。wish 后接宾语从句，与过去事实相反，谓语用 “had + 过去分词”，故选 C。​ 4.You ______ the meeting yesterday. It was very important.​ A. should attend B. should have attended C. must attend D. must have attended​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】句意为 “你昨天本应该参加会议的，那非常重要”。情态动词 should 的虚拟用法，表示过去应该做而未做，用 “should have + 过去分词”，故选 B。​ 5.I would rather you ______ me the bad news so early in the morning.​ A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t told D. wouldn’t tell​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】句意为 “我宁愿你早上没这么早告诉我这个坏消息”。would rather 后接从句，与过去事实相反，谓语用 “had + 过去分词”，故选 C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第21个专题，内容为虚拟语气。 2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题21 虚拟语气（真题+模拟题） ( 【考点解读】 英语虚拟语气用于表假设、愿望等非真实情况。状语从句中，与现在事实相反，从句用过去时（be 用 were），主句用 would + 动原；与过去相反，从句 had + 过去分词，主句 would have + 过去分词；与将来相反，从句用过去时 /should + 动原 /were to + 动原，主句用 would + 动原。 ) 【知识点清单一】虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法 【要点精讲】 一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 虚拟语气核心规则：当主句谓语动词是表示 “建议、命令、要求、坚持” 等意义的词（如 suggest, order, demand, insist 等）时，宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 “(should) + 动词原形”，should 可省略。​ The teacher suggested that we (should) finish the project by Friday.（老师建议我们周五前完成这个项目。）​ （suggest 表 “建议”，宾语从句用 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略）​ The manager ordered that all employees (should) attend the meeting tomorrow.（经理命令所有员工明天参加会议。）​ （order 表 “命令”，宾语从句用虚拟语气，should 省略后为 “attend”）​ She insisted that her son (should) apologize for his rudeness.（她坚持要求儿子为自己的无礼道歉。）​ （insist 表 “坚持要求” 时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，表 “坚持认为” 时不用）​ 二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法​ 核心规则：当主语从句由 it 作形式主语，且句中含 “建议、命令、要求、必要” 等意义的形容词（如 important, necessary, essential 等）或过去分词（如 suggested, required, demanded 等）时，从句用虚拟语气，结构为 “(should) + 动词原形”。​ It is important that we (should) protect the environment.（我们保护好环境是很重要的。）​ （形容词 important 后接主语从句，用虚拟语气，should 可省略）​ It was suggested that the law (should) be revised as soon as possible.（有人建议这项法律应尽快修订。）​ （过去分词 suggested 后接主语从句，虚拟语气结构中 should 省略）​ It is necessary that students (should) master basic computer skills.（学生掌握基本的计算机技能是必要的。）​ （形容词 necessary 引导主语从句，用 “should + 动词原形” 表虚拟）​ 三、虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法​ 核心规则：当表语从句的主语是表示 “建议、命令、要求、计划” 等意义的名词（如 suggestion, order, demand, plan 等）时，从句用虚拟语气，结构为 “(should) + 动词原形”。​ His suggestion is that we (should) start the work immediately.（他的建议是我们立即开始这项工作。）​ （主语是 suggestion，表语从句用虚拟语气，should 可省略）​ The order is that all doors (should) be locked before leaving.（命令是离开前所有门都要锁好。）​ （主语是 order，表语从句用 “should + 动词原形”，should 省略后为 “be locked”）​ Our demand is that the company (should) provide us with better working conditions.（我们的要求是公司给我们提供更好的工作条件。）​ （主语是 demand，表语从句用虚拟语气，体现 “要求” 的语气）​ 四、虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法​ 核心规则：当同位语从句修饰的名词是表示 “建议、命令、要求、愿望” 等意义的词（如 suggestion, order, demand, wish 等）时，从句用虚拟语气，结构为 “(should) + 动词原形”。​ We all agreed to his proposal that we (should) hold a charity sale.（我们都同意他举办一场慈善义卖的提议。） （同位语从句修饰 proposal，用虚拟语气，should 省略后为 “hold”）​ The general issued an order that the army (should) march to the front immediately.（将军下达命令，军队立即开往前线。）​ （同位语从句修饰 order，虚拟语气结构中 should 省略）​ She expressed her wish that her children (should) live a happy life.（她表达了希望孩子们过上幸福生活的愿望。） （同位语从句修饰 wish，用 “should + 动词原形” 表虚拟，体现 “愿望”）​ 【即时训练】 1.The doctor suggested that the patient ______ more rest to recover quickly.​ A. takes B. take C. took D. will take​ 2.It is necessary that we ______ a plan before starting the project.​ A. make B. made C. will make D. have made​ 3.His demand is that all the data ______ to him by the end of this week.​ A. send B. sent C. be sent D. will be sent​ 4.The manager insisted that the workers ______ overtime to finish the task.​ A. work B. worked C. works D. working​ 5.It was proposed that the meeting ______ until next Monday.​ A. postpone B. be postponed C. postponed D. will be postponed​ 【知识点清单二】虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 【要点精讲】 一、条件状语从句中的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：表示与事实相反的假设，分为与现在、过去、将来事实相反三种情况，主从句谓语动词形式需对应。​ 1.与现在事实相反​ 从句谓语用 “过去式（be 动词统一用 were）”，主句谓语用 “would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。​ If I were you, I would refuse the unreasonable request.（如果我是你，我会拒绝这个不合理的要求。）​ If she had enough time, she could participate in the volunteer activity.（如果她有足够时间，就能参加志愿活动了。） If the weather were fine today, we might go for a picnic.（如果今天天气好，我们或许会去野餐。）​ 2.与过去事实相反​ 从句谓语用 “had + 过去分词”，主句谓语用 “would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词”。​ If he had taken the doctor’s advice, he would have recovered earlier.（如果他听了医生的建议，早就康复了。） If we had arrived on time, we wouldn’t have missed the opening ceremony.（如果我们准时到，就不会错过开幕式了。）​ If she hadn’t forgotten the key, she could have entered the room.（如果她没忘带钥匙，就能进房间了。）​ 3.与将来事实相反（假设可能性极小）​ 从句谓语用 “过去式 /should + 动词原形 /were to + 动词原形”，主句谓语用 “would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。​ If it rained tomorrow, we would cancel the outdoor concert.（如果明天下雨，我们就取消户外音乐会。）​ If you should meet him, please pass this message to him.（万一你见到他，请把这个消息转告他。）​ If the team were to win the championship, they would receive a large bonus.（如果这支队伍能夺冠，他们会得到一笔丰厚奖金。）​ 二、目的状语从句中的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：表示 “为了、以便” 等目的，常用 “in order that”“so that” 引导，从句谓语用 “should + 动词原形（should 可省略）”，主语多为第一人称，常搭配 can/could 等情态动词的虚拟形式。​ She studies hard in order that she (should) pass the final exam.（她努力学习是为了能通过期末考试。）​ He saved money every month so that he (should) buy a new car next year.（他每月存钱，以便明年能买辆新车。） We need to leave early so that we (should) catch the first train.（我们需要早点出发，以便能赶上第一班火车。） 三、让步状语从句中的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：表示 “即使、尽管” 等让步假设，常用 “even if”“even though” 引导，谓语动词形式与条件状语从句对应（根据与现在、过去、将来事实相反的情况变化）。​ 1.与现在事实相反​ Even if he were here, he wouldn’t agree with this plan.（即使他在这儿，也不会同意这个计划。）​ Even though she knew the truth, she might not tell us.（尽管她知道真相，可能也不会告诉我们。）​ 2.与过去事实相反​ Even if they had invited me, I wouldn’t have attended the party.（即使他们邀请了我，我也不会去参加派对。） Even though he had made a mistake, he shouldn’t have been criticized so severely.（尽管他犯了错，也不该被这么严厉地批评。）​ 3.与将来事实相反​ Even if it should snow tomorrow, we will stick to our travel plan.（即使明天下雪，我们也会坚持旅行计划。） Even though the project were to face difficulties, we would try our best to complete it.（即使项目会遇到困难，我们也会尽力完成它。）​ 四、方式状语从句中的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：表示 “好像、仿佛” 等方式，常用 “as if”“as though” 引导，谓语动词形式根据与现在、过去事实相反的情况变化（与将来事实相反较少见）。​ 1.与现在事实相反（用过去式）​ He talks as if he knew everything about the incident.（他说话的样子好像对这件事了如指掌。）​ She looks at me as though I were a stranger.（她看着我，好像我是个陌生人。）​ 2.与过去事实相反（用 had + 过去分词）​ They talked about the film as if they had seen it before.（他们谈论那部电影，好像以前看过似的。）​ He acted as though he had never met her.（他表现得好像从没见过她一样。）​ 五、比较状语从句中的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：表示 “与其说、倒不如说” 等比较关系，常用 “as”“than” 引导，从句谓语用 “would + 动词原形”，强调与事实不符的比较。​ He is more diligent than he would appear.（他比看上去更勤奋。）​ She is not so clever as she would pretend.（她并不像自己假装的那么聪明。）​ This task is more difficult than we would imagine.（这项任务比我们想象的更难。） 【即时训练】 1.If it ______ tomorrow, we would have to cancel the sports meeting.​ A. rains B. rained C. will rain D. is raining​ 2.She talked about the ancient city as if she ______ it before.​ A. visits B. visited C. had visited D. has visited​ 3.Even if he ______ here now, he couldn’t solve this problem alone.​ A. is B. was C. were D. be​ 4.They started early in order that they ______ the sunrise on the mountain.​ A. catch B. caught C. would catch D. will catch​ 5.If you ______ the meeting last week, you would have known the details.​ A. attend B. attended C. had attended D. would attend​ 【知识点清单三】虚拟语气在其他句式中的用法 【要点精讲】 一、if 省略的倒装句式​ 核心用法：虚拟条件句中，若 if 省略，需将 were, had, should 提到主语前，构成部分倒装，语气比普通条件句更正式。​ Were I in your position, I would reconsider the offer.（如果我处在你的位置，会重新考虑这个提议。）​ （原句：If I were in your position...）​ Had she told me the truth, I wouldn’t have made that mistake.（如果她告诉我真相，我就不会犯那个错了。）​ （原句：If she had told me the truth...）​ Should it rain tomorrow, we will put off the picnic.（万一明天下雨，我们就推迟野餐。）​ （原句：If it should rain tomorrow...）​ 二、含蓄虚拟语气（无明显条件句）​ 核心用法：通过介词短语、副词、上下文等暗示虚拟条件，主句谓语用虚拟语气形式，表达 “如果（假设）…… 就……”。​ Without your help, I couldn’t have finished the task on time.（没有你的帮助，我不可能按时完成任务。）​ （暗示条件：If there were no your help...）​ But for the storm, we would have arrived earlier.（要不是暴风雨，我们早就到了。）​ （暗示条件：If it hadn’t been for the storm...）​ He was busy then; otherwise, he would have joined us.（他当时很忙，否则就和我们一起去了。）​ （暗示条件：If he hadn’t been busy then...）​ 三、wish 后的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：wish 后接宾语从句，表达与事实相反的愿望，谓语动词形式根据 “与现在、过去、将来事实相反” 变化。​ 1.与现在事实相反（用过去式，be 动词用 were）​ I wish I were good at playing the piano.（真希望我擅长弹钢琴。）​ She wishes she had more free time to travel.（她希望自己有更多空闲时间去旅行。）​ They wish the weather were better today.（他们希望今天天气能好些。）​ 2.与过去事实相反（用 had + 过去分词）​ He wishes he had attended the lecture yesterday.（他后悔昨天没去听讲座。）​ I wish I hadn’t said those harsh words to her.（真希望没对她说那些刻薄的话。）​ We wish we had known the truth earlier.（要是我们早点知道真相就好了。）​ 3.与将来事实相反（用 would/could + 动词原形）​ I wish the rain would stop tomorrow.（真希望明天雨能停。）​ She wishes her son would study harder.（她希望儿子能更努力学习。）​ They wish the company could offer them better benefits.（他们希望公司能给更好的福利。）​ 四、情态动词的虚拟用法​ 核心用法：情态动词 should, could, might, would 等在虚拟语气中表示 “本应该 / 本可以 / 本可能”，表达与事实不符的推测或遗憾。​ You should have told me the news earlier.（你本应该早点告诉我这个消息的。）​ （实际没早说，表过去应该做而未做）​ He might have passed the exam if he had studied.（如果他学习了，本可能通过考试的。）​ （实际没通过，表过去可能发生而未发生）​ They could have finished the project on time, but they were lazy.（他们本可以按时完成项目，却偷懒了。）​ （实际没完成，表过去有能力做而未做）​ 五、would rather 后的虚拟语气​ 核心用法：would rather 后接从句，表达 “宁愿……”，谓语动词用过去式（与现在 / 将来事实相反）或 had + 过去分词（与过去事实相反）。​ 1.与现在 / 将来事实相反（用过去式）​ I would rather you stayed at home tonight.（我宁愿你今晚待在家里。）​ She would rather he didn’t smoke in the room.（她宁愿他不在房间里抽烟。）​ They would rather we held the meeting next week.（他们宁愿我们下周开会。）​ 2.与过去事实相反（用 had + 过去分词）​ I would rather you hadn’t told her the secret.（我宁愿你没把秘密告诉她。）​ He would rather he had chosen a different major.（他宁愿当初选了不同的专业。）​ We would rather they had arrived on time yesterday.（我们宁愿他们昨天准时到。）​ 六、as if/as though 后的虚拟语气（补充）​ 核心用法：除状语从句外，as if/as though 在表语从句中也可接虚拟语气，表达 “好像……”（与事实不符）。 It looks as if it might snow tonight.（天看起来好像今晚要下雪。）​ （实际未必下雪，与将来事实相反）​ Her eyes looked as though she had cried for hours.（她的眼睛看起来好像哭了好几个小时。）​ （实际没哭那么久，与过去事实相反）​ He acts as if he were the owner of the house.（他表现得好像自己是这房子的主人。）​ （实际不是，与现在事实相反）​ 【即时训练】 1.______ more careful, the mistake could have been avoided.​ A. Were he B. Had he been C. Should he be D. If he is​ 2.Without your support, we ______ the championship last year.​ A. wouldn’t win B. didn’t win C. wouldn’t have won D. haven’t won​ 3.I wish I ______ the chance to study abroad when I was young.​ A. have B. had C. had had D. would have​ 4.You ______ the meeting yesterday. It was very important.​ A. should attend B. should have attended C. must attend D. must have attended​ 5.I would rather you ______ me the bad news so early in the morning.​ A. didn’t tell B. don’t tell C. hadn’t told D. wouldn’t tell​ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$