专题13 被动语态要点归纳（讲义）-2026版湖南省（对口升学）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第13个专题，内容为被动语态。 2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题13 被动语态（真题+模拟题） ( 【考点解读】 英语被动语态表示动作被施加于主语，结构为 “be + 过去分词”，时态随 be 变化。常用于强调动作承受者、不知执行者或礼貌表达。例句：The letter is written by her. 特殊：情态动词 + be + 过去分词，如 This can be done. ) 【知识点清单一】被动语态的构成和用法 【要点精讲】 1.英语被动语态构成 时态 肯定句结构 否定句结构 疑问句结构 例句（肯定句） 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 am/is/are + not + 过去分词 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词？ The classroom is cleaned daily. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 was/were + not + 过去分词 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ The letter was posted yesterday. 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 will not be + 过去分词 Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ A new hospital will be built here. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 am/is/are + not + being + 过去分词 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + being + 过去分词？ The car is being repaired now. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 was/were + not + being + 过去分词 Was/Were + 主语 + being + 过去分词？ The bridge was being built last year. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词 have/has + not + been + 过去分词 Have/Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词？ The work has been finished. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词 had + not + been + 过去分词 Had + 主语 + been + 过去分词？ The thief had been caught before midnight. 情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 情态动词 + not + be + 过去分词 情态动词 + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ This task must be completed on time. 2.被动语态的用法 英语被动语态的用法知识点总结​ 1. 核心适用场景​ ①强调动作承受者：当需要突出动作的对象而非执行者时使用。​ 例：The Mona Lisa was painted by Da Vinci.（《蒙娜丽莎》是达芬奇画的。—— 强调画作而非画家）​ ②不知道或不必提及执行者：当动作执行者不明确、不重要，或出于客观陈述习惯时使用。​ 例：The bridge was built in 1990.（这座桥建于 1990 年。—— 无需说明 “谁建的”）​ ③避免主语过长或结构混乱：当主动句中主语是不定式、从句等复杂结构时，用被动语态简化表达。​ 例：It is said that he will come.（据说他会来。—— 代替 “People say that he will come”）​ ④礼貌或正式语境：在书面语、科技文献、公告等正式场合，被动语态更显客观严谨。​ 例：Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.（游客请勿触摸展品。—— 比 “You must not touch...” 更礼貌）​ 2. 常见结构搭配​ ①带 by 短语：明确动作执行者时，用 “by + 执行者” 置于句末。​ 例：The cake was made by my mother.（蛋糕是我妈妈做的。）​ ②不带 by 短语：执行者不明或无需强调时，直接省略 by 短语。​ 例：The door was locked.（门锁了。—— 未说明 “谁锁的”）​ ③与情态动词连用：表示 “能、必须、应该” 等语气时，结构为 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词”。​ 例：This problem can be solved easily.（这个问题能轻易解决。）​ 3. 注意事项​ ①不及物动词无被动语态：如 happen（发生）、appear（出现）、arrive（到达）等，因无动作承受者，不能用于被动语态。​ 错误：A car accident was happened yesterday.（√ 应为：A car accident happened yesterday.）​ ②主动表被动的特殊情况：某些动词（如 sell, wash, write）用主动形式表示被动含义，多描述事物性质。例：This pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很流畅。—— 表 “被使用时的状态”）​ ③感官动词和使役动词的被动：主动句中不带 to 的不定式作宾补时，被动句中需加 to。​ 例：主动：We made him work all day. → 被动：He was made to work all day.​ 4. 与主动语态的转换原则​ 主动句主语（执行者）→ 被动句 by 短语中的宾语；​ 主动句宾语（承受者）→ 被动句主语；​ 动词由主动形式变为 “be + 过去分词”，时态保持一致。​ 例：主动：She waters the flowers every day. → 被动：The flowers are watered by her every day.​ 【即时训练】 1.The classroom ______ by the students every Friday afternoon. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned 【答案】B 【解析】句中 “every Friday afternoon” 表示习惯性动作，用一般现在时；主语 “the classroom” 是动作承受者，用被动语态 “is cleaned”。 2.A new library ______ in our school last year. A. builds B. built C. was built D. will be built 【答案】C 【解析】“last year” 表示过去时间，用一般过去时；“library” 是动作承受者，被动语态结构为 “was built”。 3.The meeting ______ by the manager at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon. A. will hold B. will be held C. is held D. was held 【答案】B 【解析】“tomorrow afternoon” 表示将来时间，用一般将来时；“meeting” 是 “被举行”，被动语态为 “will be held”。 4.Look! The old bikes ______ by the workers over there. A. repair B. are repairing C. are being repaired D. were repaired 【答案】C 【解析】“Look!” 提示动作正在进行，用现在进行时；“bikes” 是 “被修理”，被动语态为 “are being repaired”。 5.The letter ______ when I arrived at the post office. A. was being posted B. is posted C. posts D. will be posted 【答案】A 【解析】“when I arrived” 表示过去某时，动作正在进行，用过去进行时；“letter” 是 “被邮寄”，被动语态为 “was being posted”。 6.All the homework ______ by the students before the teacher checked. A. finishes B. finished C. has finished D. had been finished 【答案】D 【解析】“before the teacher checked” 表示 “过去的过去”，用过去完成时；“homework” 是 “被完成”，被动语态为 “had been finished”。 7.This song ______ by many young people recently. A. sings B. is sung C. has been sung D. will be sung 【答案】C 【解析】“recently” 提示动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时；“song” 是 “被唱”，被动语态为 “has been sung”。 8.The problem ______ by the students in the next class. A. discusses B. will discuss C. will be discussed D. is discussed 【答案】C 【解析】“in the next class” 表示将来时间，用一般将来时；“problem” 是 “被讨论”，被动语态为 “will be discussed”。 9.English ______ as a foreign language in most schools in China. A. teaches B. is taught C. taught D. was taught 【答案】B 【解析】描述客观事实，用一般现在时；“English” 是 “被教”，被动语态为 “is taught”。 10.The bridge ______ in 2005 and it still works well now. A. builds B. built C. was built D. has built 【答案】C 【解析】“in 2005” 表示过去时间，用一般过去时；“bridge” 是 “被建造”，被动语态为 “was built”。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第13个专题，内容为被动语态。 2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题13 被动语态（真题+模拟题） ( 【考点解读】 英语被动语态表示动作被施加于主语，结构为 “be + 过去分词”，时态随 be 变化。常用于强调动作承受者、不知执行者或礼貌表达。例句：The letter is written by her. 特殊：情态动词 + be + 过去分词，如 This can be done. ) 【知识点清单一】被动语态的构成和用法 【要点精讲】 1.英语被动语态构成 时态 肯定句结构 否定句结构 疑问句结构 例句（肯定句） 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 am/is/are + not + 过去分词 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词？ The classroom is cleaned daily. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 was/were + not + 过去分词 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ The letter was posted yesterday. 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 will not be + 过去分词 Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ A new hospital will be built here. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词 am/is/are + not + being + 过去分词 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + being + 过去分词？ The car is being repaired now. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词 was/were + not + being + 过去分词 Was/Were + 主语 + being + 过去分词？ The bridge was being built last year. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词 have/has + not + been + 过去分词 Have/Has + 主语 + been + 过去分词？ The work has been finished. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词 had + not + been + 过去分词 Had + 主语 + been + 过去分词？ The thief had been caught before midnight. 情态动词 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 情态动词 + not + be + 过去分词 情态动词 + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ This task must be completed on time. 2.被动语态的用法 英语被动语态的用法知识点总结​ 1. 核心适用场景​ ①强调动作承受者：当需要突出动作的对象而非执行者时使用。​ 例：The Mona Lisa was painted by Da Vinci.（《蒙娜丽莎》是达芬奇画的。—— 强调画作而非画家）​ ②不知道或不必提及执行者：当动作执行者不明确、不重要，或出于客观陈述习惯时使用。​ 例：The bridge was built in 1990.（这座桥建于 1990 年。—— 无需说明 “谁建的”）​ ③避免主语过长或结构混乱：当主动句中主语是不定式、从句等复杂结构时，用被动语态简化表达。​ 例：It is said that he will come.（据说他会来。—— 代替 “People say that he will come”）​ ④礼貌或正式语境：在书面语、科技文献、公告等正式场合，被动语态更显客观严谨。​ 例：Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.（游客请勿触摸展品。—— 比 “You must not touch...” 更礼貌）​ 2. 常见结构搭配​ ①带 by 短语：明确动作执行者时，用 “by + 执行者” 置于句末。​ 例：The cake was made by my mother.（蛋糕是我妈妈做的。）​ ②不带 by 短语：执行者不明或无需强调时，直接省略 by 短语。​ 例：The door was locked.（门锁了。—— 未说明 “谁锁的”）​ ③与情态动词连用：表示 “能、必须、应该” 等语气时，结构为 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词”。​ 例：This problem can be solved easily.（这个问题能轻易解决。）​ 3. 注意事项​ ①不及物动词无被动语态：如 happen（发生）、appear（出现）、arrive（到达）等，因无动作承受者，不能用于被动语态。​ 错误：A car accident was happened yesterday.（√ 应为：A car accident happened yesterday.）​ ②主动表被动的特殊情况：某些动词（如 sell, wash, write）用主动形式表示被动含义，多描述事物性质。例：This pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很流畅。—— 表 “被使用时的状态”）​ ③感官动词和使役动词的被动：主动句中不带 to 的不定式作宾补时，被动句中需加 to。​ 例：主动：We made him work all day. → 被动：He was made to work all day.​ 4. 与主动语态的转换原则​ 主动句主语（执行者）→ 被动句 by 短语中的宾语；​ 主动句宾语（承受者）→ 被动句主语；​ 动词由主动形式变为 “be + 过去分词”，时态保持一致。​ 例：主动：She waters the flowers every day. → 被动：The flowers are watered by her every day.​ 【即时训练】 1.The classroom ______ by the students every Friday afternoon. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned 2.A new library ______ in our school last year. A. builds B. built C. was built D. will be built 3.The meeting ______ by the manager at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon. A. will hold B. will be held C. is held D. was held 4.Look! The old bikes ______ by the workers over there. A. repair B. are repairing C. are being repaired D. were repaired 5.The letter ______ when I arrived at the post office. A. was being posted B. is posted C. posts D. will be posted 6.All the homework ______ by the students before the teacher checked. A. finishes B. finished C. has finished D. had been finished 7.This song ______ by many young people recently. A. sings B. is sung C. has been sung D. will be sung 8.The problem ______ by the students in the next class. A. discusses B. will discuss C. will be discussed D. is discussed 9.English ______ as a foreign language in most schools in China. A. teaches B. is taught C. taught D. was taught 10.The bridge ______ in 2005 and it still works well now. A. builds B. built C. was built D. has built 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$