专题16 定语从句三大要点归纳(讲义)-2026版湖南省(对口升学)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)

2025-08-15
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编写说明:2026版湖南省(对口招生)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版湖南省(对口招生)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第16个专题,内容为定语从句。 2026版湖南省(对口招生)一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题16 定语从句(真题+模拟题) ( 【考点解读】 定语从句修饰先行词,分限制性和非限制性。由关系代词(that/which/who 等)或关系副词(when/where/why)引导,前者在从句作主语、宾语等,后者作状语。that 可指人 / 物,which 指物,who 指人。非限制性从句用逗号隔开,不能用 that。如:The book that he bought is good. ) 【知识点清单一】关系副词 【要点精讲】 关系副词是引导定语从句的重要连接词,在从句中作状语,指代先行词并说明时间、地点或原因,常见的有 when、where、why 三种。​ 1. when(表时间)​ 用法:先行词是表示时间的名词(如 time、day、year、moment 等),when 在从句中作时间状语,相当于 “介词 + which”。​ 例句:​ I still remember the day when we first met.(先行词是 day,when 在从句中作时间状语,相当于 on which)There was a time when I hated going to school.(先行词是 time,when 指代该时间并在从句中作状语)​ Do you know the moment when the accident happened?(先行词是 moment,when 说明事故发生的时间)​ 2. where(表地点)​ 用法:先行词是表示地点的名词(如 place、city、house、school 等),where 在从句中作地点状语,相当于 “介词 + which”。​ 例句:​ This is the village where I grew up.(先行词是 village,where 在从句中作地点状语,相当于 in which)​ He showed me the library where he worked.(先行词是 library,where 指代工作的地点)​ I can’t find the café where we had coffee last week.(先行词是 café,where 说明喝咖啡的地点)​ 3. why(表原因)​ 用法:先行词通常是 reason,why 在从句中作原因状语,相当于 “for which”,且 why 引导的定语从句中,reason 后常省略先行词。​ 例句:​ The reason why he was late is still unknown.(先行词是 reason,why 在从句中作原因状语,相当于 for which)She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer.(why 解释 “拒绝提议” 的原因)​ Is there any reason why we should leave early?(why 说明 “提前离开” 的原因) 【即时训练】 I’ll never forget the year ______ I studied abroad.​ A. which B. when C. where D. why​ 2.This is the park ______ we used to play as children.​ A. when B. which C. where D. why​ 3.Do you know the reason ______ she changed her mind?​ A. when B. where C. which D. why​ 4.I remember the moment ______ the team won the championship.​ A. when B. which C. where D. why​ 5.This is the hospital ______ my grandmother was born.​ A. when B. where C. which D. why​ 【知识点清单二】关系代词 【要点精讲】 关系代词是引导定语从句的连接词,指代先行词(人或物),并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。常见的关系代词有 that、which、who、whom、whose 等。​ 1. that(指人或物)​ 用法:可指代人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语(作宾语时可省略),不能用于非限制性定语从句。​ 例句:​ This is the book that interests me most.(指代物,作主语,不能省略)​ The girl that we met yesterday is my classmate.(指代人,作宾语,可省略)​ He told me the story that made everyone laugh.(指代物,作主语)​ 2. which(指物)​ 用法:只能指代物,在从句中作主语、宾语(作宾语时可省略),可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句(非限制性从句中不能省略)。​ 例句:​ The car which is parked outside is mine.(作主语,不能省略)​ I lost the pen which my father gave me.(作宾语,可省略)​ She bought a new dress, which looks very beautiful.(非限制性从句,指代物,作主语)​ 3. who(指人)​ 用法:指代人,在从句中作主语,不能用于非限制性定语从句中作宾语。​ 例句:​ The man who is standing there is our teacher.(作主语)​ Those who work hard will succeed.(作主语,指代复数名词)​ Do you know the girl who won the competition?(作主语)​ 4. whom(指人)​ 用法:指代人,在从句中作宾语(可省略),常用于介词后。​ 例句:​ The boy whom you helped is my brother.(作宾语,可省略)​ The singer whom we talked about is very popular.(作介词 about 的宾语)​ She is the student whom the teacher praised.(作宾语)​ 5. whose(指人或物的所属关系)​ 用法:指代人或物的所有格,在从句中作定语,可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句。​ 例句:​ This is the girl whose mother is a doctor.(指代人,作定语)​ I visited the house whose windows face south.(指代物,作定语)​ He has a friend whose father is a famous writer.(指代人,作定语) 【即时训练】 1.The girl ______ is standing at the door is my sister.​ A. which B. who C. whom D. whose​ 2.This is the watch ______ my father bought for me.​ A. that B. who C. where D. when​ 3.The man ______ we met in the park yesterday is a doctor.​ A. which B. whose C. whom D. when​ 4.I have a friend ______ brother is a famous actor.​ A. who B. whose C. whom D. which​ 5.The book ______ cover is red is very interesting.​ A. that B. which C. whose D. who​ 【知识点清单三】非限制性定语从句 【要点精讲】 非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明的定语从句,与主句之间用逗号隔开,去掉后不影响主句意思的完整性。​ 1. 基本特点​ 结构上:主句与从句之间用逗号隔开。​ 功能上:仅补充说明先行词,不限制其范围(与限制性定语从句的核心区别)。​ 引导词:不能用 that,指人常用 who/whom,指物常用 which,还可用 whose、when、where 等。​ 2. 常见引导词及用法​ who(指人,作主语)​ My sister, who is a doctor, works in a big hospital.(我姐姐是医生,她在一家大医院工作。从句补充说明 “姐姐” 的职业)​ whom(指人,作宾语)​ Mr. Li, whom we met yesterday, will teach us math.(李先生昨天我们见过,他将教我们数学。从句补充说明 “李先生”)​ which(指物,作主语或宾语;可指代整个主句内容)​ The book, which I bought last week, is very interesting.(这本书是我上周买的,非常有趣。which 指代物,作宾语)​ He passed the exam, which surprised everyone.(他通过了考试,这让所有人都很惊讶。which 指代整个主句内容)​ whose(指人或物的所属,作定语)​ Mary, whose father is a teacher, studies very hard.(玛丽的父亲是老师,她学习很努力。whose 指人的所属) The building, whose windows are broken, is being repaired.(那栋楼的窗户破了,正在维修中。whose 指物的所属)​ when(指时间,作状语)​ We visited London in July, when the weather is usually nice.(我们七月去了伦敦,那时天气通常很好。when 补充说明时间)​ where(指地点,作状语)​ Paris, where I lived for three years, is a beautiful city.(巴黎是座美丽的城市,我在那里住了三年。where 补充说明地点)​ 3. 与限制性定语从句的区别​ 对比项​ 非限制性定语从句​ 限制性定语从句​ 标点​ 用逗号与主句隔开​ 无逗号​ 功能​ 补充说明,去掉不影响主句意思​ 限制范围,去掉后主句意思不完整​ 引导词​ 不能用 that​ 可用 that​ 例句​ My brother, who is 20, is a student.(我哥哥 20 岁,是名学生)​ The boy who is 20 is my brother.(那个 20 岁的男孩是我哥哥)​ 注意 非限制性定语从句不能用 that 引导,也不能省略引导词(即使引导词在从句中作宾语)。​ 当关系代词指代整个主句内容时,只能用 which,不能用 as(as 引导的非限制性从句位置更灵活,常译为 “正如”)。 例如:As we all know, the earth is round.(众所周知,地球是圆的。as 指代主句内容,可放句首) 【即时训练】 1.My hometown, ______ is in the south of the country, is very beautiful.​ A. that B. which C. who D. where​ 2.Mr. Wang, ______ teaches us physics, has won a national award.​ A. which B. whom C. who D. that​ 3.She bought a new car, ______ color is bright red.​ A. whose B. which C. that D. who​ 4.We visited the Summer Palace, ______ many tourists go every year.​ A. that B. where C. which D. who​ 5.His first novel, ______ was published last month, has become a bestseller.​ A. that B. who C. which D. whom​ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明:2026版湖南省(对口招生)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版湖南省(对口招生)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第16个专题,内容为定语从句。 2026版湖南省(对口招生)一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题16 定语从句(真题+模拟题) ( 【考点解读】 定语从句修饰先行词,分限制性和非限制性。由关系代词(that/which/who 等)或关系副词(when/where/why)引导,前者在从句作主语、宾语等,后者作状语。that 可指人 / 物,which 指物,who 指人。非限制性从句用逗号隔开,不能用 that。如:The book that he bought is good. ) 【知识点清单一】关系副词 【要点精讲】 关系副词是引导定语从句的重要连接词,在从句中作状语,指代先行词并说明时间、地点或原因,常见的有 when、where、why 三种。​ 1. when(表时间)​ 用法:先行词是表示时间的名词(如 time、day、year、moment 等),when 在从句中作时间状语,相当于 “介词 + which”。​ 例句:​ I still remember the day when we first met.(先行词是 day,when 在从句中作时间状语,相当于 on which)There was a time when I hated going to school.(先行词是 time,when 指代该时间并在从句中作状语)​ Do you know the moment when the accident happened?(先行词是 moment,when 说明事故发生的时间)​ 2. where(表地点)​ 用法:先行词是表示地点的名词(如 place、city、house、school 等),where 在从句中作地点状语,相当于 “介词 + which”。​ 例句:​ This is the village where I grew up.(先行词是 village,where 在从句中作地点状语,相当于 in which)​ He showed me the library where he worked.(先行词是 library,where 指代工作的地点)​ I can’t find the café where we had coffee last week.(先行词是 café,where 说明喝咖啡的地点)​ 3. why(表原因)​ 用法:先行词通常是 reason,why 在从句中作原因状语,相当于 “for which”,且 why 引导的定语从句中,reason 后常省略先行词。​ 例句:​ The reason why he was late is still unknown.(先行词是 reason,why 在从句中作原因状语,相当于 for which)She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer.(why 解释 “拒绝提议” 的原因)​ Is there any reason why we should leave early?(why 说明 “提前离开” 的原因) 【即时训练】 I’ll never forget the year ______ I studied abroad.​ A. which B. when C. where D. why​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】先行词是表示时间的 “year”,从句中缺时间状语,关系副词 when 符合,相当于 “in which”,which 是关系代词(作主语 / 宾语),where 表地点,why 表原因,故选 B。​ 2.This is the park ______ we used to play as children.​ A. when B. which C. where D. why​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】先行词是表地点的 “park”,从句缺地点状语,关系副词 where 正确,相当于 “in which”,when 表时间,which 是关系代词,why 表原因,故选 C。​ 3.Do you know the reason ______ she changed her mind?​ A. when B. where C. which D. why​ 【答案】D​ 【解析】先行词是 “reason”,从句缺原因状语,关系副词 why 符合,相当于 “for which”,when 表时间,where 表地点,which 是关系代词,故选 D。​ 4.I remember the moment ______ the team won the championship.​ A. when B. which C. where D. why​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】先行词是表时间的 “moment”,从句缺时间状语,关系副词 when 正确,which 是关系代词,where 表地点,why 表原因,故选 A。​ 5.This is the hospital ______ my grandmother was born.​ A. when B. where C. which D. why​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】先行词是表地点的 “hospital”,从句缺地点状语,关系副词 where 符合,相当于 “in which”,when 表时间,which 是关系代词,why 表原因,故选 B。 【知识点清单二】关系代词 【要点精讲】 关系代词是引导定语从句的连接词,指代先行词(人或物),并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。常见的关系代词有 that、which、who、whom、whose 等。​ 1. that(指人或物)​ 用法:可指代人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语(作宾语时可省略),不能用于非限制性定语从句。​ 例句:​ This is the book that interests me most.(指代物,作主语,不能省略)​ The girl that we met yesterday is my classmate.(指代人,作宾语,可省略)​ He told me the story that made everyone laugh.(指代物,作主语)​ 2. which(指物)​ 用法:只能指代物,在从句中作主语、宾语(作宾语时可省略),可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句(非限制性从句中不能省略)。​ 例句:​ The car which is parked outside is mine.(作主语,不能省略)​ I lost the pen which my father gave me.(作宾语,可省略)​ She bought a new dress, which looks very beautiful.(非限制性从句,指代物,作主语)​ 3. who(指人)​ 用法:指代人,在从句中作主语,不能用于非限制性定语从句中作宾语。​ 例句:​ The man who is standing there is our teacher.(作主语)​ Those who work hard will succeed.(作主语,指代复数名词)​ Do you know the girl who won the competition?(作主语)​ 4. whom(指人)​ 用法:指代人,在从句中作宾语(可省略),常用于介词后。​ 例句:​ The boy whom you helped is my brother.(作宾语,可省略)​ The singer whom we talked about is very popular.(作介词 about 的宾语)​ She is the student whom the teacher praised.(作宾语)​ 5. whose(指人或物的所属关系)​ 用法:指代人或物的所有格,在从句中作定语,可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句。​ 例句:​ This is the girl whose mother is a doctor.(指代人,作定语)​ I visited the house whose windows face south.(指代物,作定语)​ He has a friend whose father is a famous writer.(指代人,作定语) 【即时训练】 1.The girl ______ is standing at the door is my sister.​ A. which B. who C. whom D. whose​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】先行词是 “the girl”(指人),从句中缺主语,关系代词 who 可指代人并作主语,which 指物,whom 作宾语,whose 表所属,故选 B。​ 2.This is the watch ______ my father bought for me.​ A. that B. who C. where D. when​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】先行词是 “the watch”(指物),从句中缺宾语,关系代词 that 可指代物并作宾语(可省略),who 指人,where 和 when 是关系副词,故选 A。​ 3.The man ______ we met in the park yesterday is a doctor.​ A. which B. whose C. whom D. when​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】先行词是 “the man”(指人),从句中缺宾语,关系代词 whom 可指代人并作宾语,which 指物,whose 表所属,when 是关系副词,故选 C。​ 4.I have a friend ______ brother is a famous actor.​ A. who B. whose C. whom D. which​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】先行词是 “a friend”(指人),从句中 “brother” 需定语表所属关系,whose 可表人或物的所属,who 作主语,whom 作宾语,which 指物,故选 B。​ 5.The book ______ cover is red is very interesting.​ A. that B. which C. whose D. who​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】先行词是 “the book”(指物),从句中 “cover” 需定语表所属,whose 可指代物的所属,that 和 which 作主语 / 宾语,who 指人,故选 C。 【知识点清单三】非限制性定语从句 【要点精讲】 非限制性定语从句是对先行词进行补充说明的定语从句,与主句之间用逗号隔开,去掉后不影响主句意思的完整性。​ 1. 基本特点​ 结构上:主句与从句之间用逗号隔开。​ 功能上:仅补充说明先行词,不限制其范围(与限制性定语从句的核心区别)。​ 引导词:不能用 that,指人常用 who/whom,指物常用 which,还可用 whose、when、where 等。​ 2. 常见引导词及用法​ who(指人,作主语)​ My sister, who is a doctor, works in a big hospital.(我姐姐是医生,她在一家大医院工作。从句补充说明 “姐姐” 的职业)​ whom(指人,作宾语)​ Mr. Li, whom we met yesterday, will teach us math.(李先生昨天我们见过,他将教我们数学。从句补充说明 “李先生”)​ which(指物,作主语或宾语;可指代整个主句内容)​ The book, which I bought last week, is very interesting.(这本书是我上周买的,非常有趣。which 指代物,作宾语)​ He passed the exam, which surprised everyone.(他通过了考试,这让所有人都很惊讶。which 指代整个主句内容)​ whose(指人或物的所属,作定语)​ Mary, whose father is a teacher, studies very hard.(玛丽的父亲是老师,她学习很努力。whose 指人的所属) The building, whose windows are broken, is being repaired.(那栋楼的窗户破了,正在维修中。whose 指物的所属)​ when(指时间,作状语)​ We visited London in July, when the weather is usually nice.(我们七月去了伦敦,那时天气通常很好。when 补充说明时间)​ where(指地点,作状语)​ Paris, where I lived for three years, is a beautiful city.(巴黎是座美丽的城市,我在那里住了三年。where 补充说明地点)​ 3. 与限制性定语从句的区别​ 对比项​ 非限制性定语从句​ 限制性定语从句​ 标点​ 用逗号与主句隔开​ 无逗号​ 功能​ 补充说明,去掉不影响主句意思​ 限制范围,去掉后主句意思不完整​ 引导词​ 不能用 that​ 可用 that​ 例句​ My brother, who is 20, is a student.(我哥哥 20 岁,是名学生)​ The boy who is 20 is my brother.(那个 20 岁的男孩是我哥哥)​ 注意 非限制性定语从句不能用 that 引导,也不能省略引导词(即使引导词在从句中作宾语)。​ 当关系代词指代整个主句内容时,只能用 which,不能用 as(as 引导的非限制性从句位置更灵活,常译为 “正如”)。 例如:As we all know, the earth is round.(众所周知,地球是圆的。as 指代主句内容,可放句首) 【即时训练】 1.My hometown, ______ is in the south of the country, is very beautiful.​ A. that B. which C. who D. where​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】非限制性定语从句,先行词是 “my hometown”(指物),需用 which 引导(非限制性从句不能用 that),who 指人,where 是关系副词,故选 B。​ 2.Mr. Wang, ______ teaches us physics, has won a national award.​ A. which B. whom C. who D. that​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】非限制性从句,先行词是 “Mr. Wang”(指人),从句缺主语,用 who 引导(非限制性从句不用 that),which 指物,whom 作宾语,故选 C。​ 3.She bought a new car, ______ color is bright red.​ A. whose B. which C. that D. who​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】非限制性从句,先行词是 “a new car”(指物),从句中 “color” 需定语表所属,whose 表所属关系,which 作主语 / 宾语,that 不能用于非限制性从句,who 指人,故选 A。​ 4.We visited the Summer Palace, ______ many tourists go every year.​ A. that B. where C. which D. who​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】非限制性从句,先行词是 “the Summer Palace”(指地点),从句缺地点状语,用 where 引导,that 不能用,which 指物,who 指人,故选 B。​ 5.His first novel, ______ was published last month, has become a bestseller.​ A. that B. who C. which D. whom​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】非限制性从句,先行词是 “his first novel”(指物),用 which 引导(不用 that),who 和 whom 指人,故选 C。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 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专题16 定语从句三大要点归纳(讲义)-2026版湖南省(对口升学)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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专题16 定语从句三大要点归纳(讲义)-2026版湖南省(对口升学)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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专题16 定语从句三大要点归纳(讲义)-2026版湖南省(对口升学)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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