专题15 名词性从句四大要点归纳（讲义）-2026版湖南省（对口升学）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第15个专题，内容为名词性从句。 2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题15 名词性从句（真题+模拟题） ( 【考点解读】 英语名词性从句分四类：主语从句（如 What he said is true）、宾语从句（如 I know he is here）、表语从句（如 This is what I want）、同位语从句（如 The news that he came is true）。均由连接词引导，陈述语序，时态随主句调整，功能相当于名词，在句中充当主、宾、表、同位语。 ) 【知识点清单一】主语从句 【要点精讲】 1. 定义 主语从句是在复合句中作主语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前，或由形式主语 it 代替，而主语从句本身放在句子末尾。引导主语从句的连接词有 who, that, which, what, how, why, when, where, whether 等。 2. 主语从句的引导词 ①对于 that 引导的主语从句，连词 that 不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略。其原则是若 that 引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则 that 不能省略；若 that 引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语 it，则 that 可以省略。 that 不省略（从句居首） ： That he passed the exam makes his parents proud.（他通过了考试，这让他父母很骄傲 ）； That she loves reading is obvious.（她热爱阅读，这很明显 ）； That they will come to the party is still a question.（他们是否会来参加派对还是个问题 ） that 可省略（从句居末，it 作形式主语） ： It is true (that) he won the game.（他赢了比赛，这是真的 ）； It is a pity (that) you missed the concert.（你错过这场音乐会，真遗憾 ）； It is good news (that) our team won.（我们队赢了，这是个好消息 ） ②对于以连接代词（副词）引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代替主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句。whether 引导的主语从句可放于句首，而 if 引导的主语从句要放在句末。 形式主语与从句居首均可 ： It is unknown what he will do next.（他接下来要做什么还不清楚 ）； What he will do next is unknown.（他接下来要做什么还不清楚 ）； It is uncertain when she will arrive.（她什么时候到不确定 ）； When she will arrive is uncertain.（她什么时候到不确定 ） whether 从句居首，if 从句居末 ： Whether he can solve the problem is important.（他能否解决这个问题很重要 ）； It is unclear if he can solve the problem.（他能否解决这个问题还不清楚 ）； Whether we go camping depends on the weather.（我们是否去露营取决于天气 ）； It is still a doubt if we go camping.（我们是否去露营仍有疑问 ） ③what 引导主语从句相关 What she said surprised everyone.（她所说的话让所有人惊讶 ）； What we need is more practice.（我们所需要的是更多练习 ）； What he wants is a new bike.（他想要的是一辆新自行车 ） ④主语从句为疑问句相关 It is unknown who will win the race.（谁会赢得这场比赛还不清楚 ）； It is not decided where we will have the party.（我们要在哪里举办派对还没决定 ）； It is a question how he can finish the work on time.（他如何能按时完成工作是个问题 ） ⑤主语从句作主语表单数相关 What he did is helpful.（他所做的事是有帮助的 ）； That she comes late is a problem.（她迟到是个问题 ）； What they plan is practical.（他们的计划是可行的 ） ⑥表要求、建议等语义时从句谓语相关 It is necessary that we (should) clean the classroom.（我们有必要打扫教室 ）； It is suggested that she (should) take the job.（有人建议她接受这份工作 ）； It is important that he (should) study hard.（他努力学习是很重要的 ） 3. It 引导主语从句常见句型相关 It is + 名词 ： It is a fact that he is a good student.（他是个好学生，这是事实 ）； It is a wonder that she finished the task alone.（她独自完成了任务，真是个奇迹 ）； It is a shame that you didn’t attend the meeting.（你没参加会议，真遗憾 ） It is + 形容词 ： It is clear that he is lying.（很明显他在撒谎 ）； It is possible that it will rain tomorrow.（明天有可能下雨 ）； It is strange that she didn’t come to school.（她没来上学，真奇怪 ） It is + 过去分词 ： It is reported that the accident caused many deaths.（据报道，这场事故导致多人死亡 ）； It is believed that he is innocent.（人们相信他是无辜的 ）； It is said that the movie is very interesting.（据说这部电影很有趣 ） 【注意】主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况相关 ①if 引导 ： It is unknown if he will come.（不能说 If he will come is unknown ）； It is not sure if she likes the gift.（不能说 If she likes the gift is not sure ）； It is a question if they can help.（不能说 If they can help is a question ） ②It is said/reported... 结构 ： It is said that the singer will hold a concert.（不能说 That the singer will hold a concert is said ）； It is reported that the fire caused damage.（不能说 That the fire caused damage is reported ）； It is said that he has a new car.（不能说 That he has a new car is said ） ③It happens/occurs... 结构 ： It occurred to him that he made a mistake.（不能说 That he made a mistake occurred to him ，虽表达有变化，但体现原结构主语从句不可提前 ）； It happens that they are friends.（不能说 That they are friends happens ）； It occurred to her that she forgot the key.（不能说 That she forgot the key occurred to her ） ④It doesn’t matter how/whether... 结构 ：It doesn’t matter whether he agrees.（不能说 Whether he agrees doesn’t matter ）；It doesn’t matter how she solves the problem.（不能说 How she solves the problem doesn’t matter ）；It doesn’t matter whether it rains.（不能说 Whether it rains doesn’t matter ） ⑤复合句为疑问句 ：Is it true that he won the prize?（不能说 That he won the prize is true? ）；Is it possible that she will come?（不能说 That she will come is possible? ）；Is it likely that they will succeed?（不能说 That they will succeed is likely? ） 【即时训练】 1.______ wins the election will have a tough job ahead. A. Whoever B. Whomever C. Who D. Whom 【答案】A 【解析】“______ wins the election” 是主语从句，从句中缺主语，指 “无论谁”，whoever = anyone who，可在从句作主语；whomever 在从句作宾语；who 表疑问 “谁”，此处语境是 “无论谁” 更合适，所以选 A 。 2.______ the project will be completed on time depends on the workers’ cooperation. A. That B. What C. Whether D. If 【答案】C 【解析】主语从句 “______ the project will be completed on time” 表达 “这个项目是否会按时完成”，缺 “是否” 含义，if 引导主语从句不能放句首，whether 可以，that 无实际意义，what 表 “…… 的东西 / 事”，所以选 C 。 3.______ he said at the meeting surprised everyone present. A. That B. What C. Which D. How 【答案】B 【解析】主语从句 “______ he said at the meeting” 中，said 后缺宾语，表 “他在会议上说的话”，what 可在名词性从句中作宾语，that 无成分作用，which 表 “哪一个”，how 表方式，所以选 B 。 4.______ is needed is a good supply of water. A. That B. What C. Which D. Who 【答案】B 【解析】主语从句 “______ is needed” 缺主语，表 “所需要的东西”，what 可在从句作主语表事物，that 无成分作用，which 表 “哪一个”，who 表人，所以选 B 。 【知识点清单二】宾语从句 【要点精讲】 1.定义 置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动词现在分词形式后面都能跟宾语从句。宾语从句通常由连词 that 和 whether (if)，连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词 what 引导。 2. 宾语从句引导词相关 ①that 引导（陈述句作宾语从句） 单个宾语从句省略 that： I think (that) he is right.（think 后 that 可省略 ）； She said (that) she was happy.（said 后 that 可省略 ）； He believes (that) it’s possible.（believes 后 that 可省略 ） 多个宾语从句（and/but 连接）： He said (that) he liked reading and that he often went to the library.（第一个 that 可省略，第二个不能省 ）； She told me (that) she had finished homework but that she still felt tired.（第一个 that 可省略，第二个不能省 ）；They reported (that) the project succeeded and that everyone worked hard.（第一个 that 可省略，第二个不能省 ） ②if/whether 引导（一般疑问句作宾语从句） 普通情况：I wonder if/whether he will come.（想知道他是否会来 ）； She asks if/whether it’s going to rain.（询问是否会下雨 ）； He doubts if/whether she can pass the exam.（怀疑她能否通过考试 ） 与 or/or not 连用：I don’t know whether he will come or not.（whether 和 or not 连用 ）； She can’t decide whether to go or stay.（whether 用于不定式前 ）； He is thinking about whether it’s a good idea.（whether 作介词 about 的宾语 ） ③特殊疑问词引导（特殊疑问句作宾语从句） 疑问代词： I don’t know who broke the glass.（who 引导，在从句作主语 ）； She asks what he wants.（what 引导，在从句作宾语 ）； He wonders which book is yours.（which 引导，表选择 ） 疑问副词： Can you tell me where he lives?（where 引导，表地点 ）； I want to know when she will arrive.（when 引导，表时间 ）； She asks how he did it.（how 引导，表方式 ） 3. 宾语从句时态相关 ①主句一般现在时，从句任意时态 从句一般现在时： He says that he likes English.（主句 says 一般现在时，从句 likes 一般现在时 ）； She knows that the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理，从句用一般现在时 ）； I think that he is a student.（从句一般现在时 ） 从句一般过去时： He tells me that he went to the park yesterday.（主句 tells 一般现在时，从句 went 一般过去时 ）； She says that she met an old friend last week.（从句一般过去时 ）； I know that he finished his work just now.（从句一般过去时 ） 从句现在进行时： He thinks that she is reading a book.（主句 thinks 一般现在时，从句 is reading 现在进行时 ）； She knows that they are playing football.（从句现在进行时 ）； I believe that he is working hard.（从句现在进行时 ） 从句现在完成时： He says that he has seen the film.（主句 says 一般现在时，从句 has seen 现在完成时 ）； She tells me that she has finished her homework.（从句现在完成时 ）； I know that they have lived here for years.（从句现在完成时 ） ②主句过去时，从句过去相关时态 一般过去时： He said that he went to school by bike.（主句 said 过去时，从句 went 一般过去时 ）； She told me that she liked singing.（从句一般过去时 ）； They reported that the meeting started on time.（从句一般过去时 ） 过去进行时： He said that they were having a meeting.（主句 said 过去时，从句 were having 过去进行时 ）； She told me that she was watching TV.（从句过去进行时 ）； I knew that he was sleeping.（从句过去进行时 ） 过去将来时： He said that he would go to Beijing.（主句 said 过去时，从句 would go 过去将来时 ）； She told me that she would visit her grandma.（从句过去将来时 ）； They planned that they would have a party.（从句过去将来时 ） 过去完成时： He said that he had finished the work.（主句 said 过去时，从句 had finished 过去完成时 ）； She told me that she had seen the film before.（从句过去完成时 ）； I knew that they had left.（从句过去完成时 ） 4. 注意事项相关 ①形式宾语 it 常见结构： I find it necessary that we should study hard.（it 作形式宾语，that 从句作真正宾语 ）； He thinks it important that you should come.（it 形式宾语 ）； She makes it clear that she doesn’t agree.（it 形式宾语 ） ②否定转移 常见动词： I don’t think that he is right.（否定转移，实际否定从句内容 ）； She doesn’t believe that he will come.（否定转移 ）； He doesn’t suppose that it will rain.（否定转移 ） 【即时训练】 1.She wonders ______ her friend will arrive tomorrow. A. that B. if C. what D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】宾语从句是 “她朋友明天是否会到达”，缺 “是否” 含义，if 引导宾语从句表 “是否”，that 无实际意义，what 表 “…… 的东西 / 事”，whose 表 “谁的”，所以选 B 。 2.Can you tell me ______ he bought for his mother? A. that B. if C. what D. where 【答案】C 【解析】宾语从句 “他给妈妈买了什么” 缺宾语，what 可在从句作宾语表事物，that 无成分作用，if 表 “是否”，where 表地点，所以选 C 。 3.He said ______ he would help us with the project. A. that B. if C. what D. when 【答案】A 【解析】宾语从句是陈述句 “他会帮我们做项目”，用 that 引导，that 无实际意义，if 表 “是否”，what 表 “…… 的东西 / 事”，when 表时间，所以选 A 。 4.I don’t know ______ she will go to the park or stay at home. A. that B. if C. whether D. what 【答案】C 【解析】宾语从句有 “or” 表选择，“是否” 含义用 whether 引导（if 不与 or 这样表选择搭配引导宾语从句 ），that 无实际意义，what 表 “…… 的东西 / 事”，所以选 C 。 【知识点清单三】表语从句 【要点精讲】 一.定义 表语从句是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样，和连系动词一起构成谓语。表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语，一般结构是 “主语 + 连系动词 + 表语从句” 。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。此外，引导表语从句的关联词不能省略，并且从句要用陈述语序。 二、引导词及用法 1. that 引导 无实际意义，起连接作用，一般不省略；主句含 do 相关形式时可省 。 常规保留： The truth is that it’s true.（真相是这是真的 ，that 连接，不省 ）； My hope is that we succeed.（我的希望是我们成功 ，that 起连接 ）； The key point is that we try.（关键是我们尝试了 ，that 连接表语从句 ） 含 do 可省： What I want to do is (that) I help.（我想做的是我帮忙 ，主句有 do ，that 可省 ）； All he did is (that) he waited.（他所做的是等待 ，did 存在，that 可省 ）； What she plans to do is (that) she travels.（她计划做的是旅行 ，plans to do 含 do 相关，that 可省 ） 2. whether 引导 表 “是否”，不充当成份，表语从句只用 whether ，不用 if 。 基础示例： The question is whether he comes.（问题是他是否来 ，whether 表是否 ）； The doubt is whether it works.（疑问是这是否起作用 ，whether 引导 ）； The puzzle is whether they agree.（困惑是他们是否同意 ，whether 表是否 ） 3. reason 关联引导 主语或主语含起因，表语从句表原因用 that ，不用 because ；why 引导主语从句作主语，表语从句用 that 。 reason 作主语： The reason is that it rained.（原因是下雨了 ，that 引导 ）； The main reason is that we missed.（主要原因是我们错过了 ，that 表原因 ）； Another reason is that he quit.（另一个原因是他退出了 ，that 引导 ） why 引导主语从句： Why it happened is that luck helped.（这事发生因运气助力 ，why 引导主语从句，表语从句用 that ）； Why she succeeded is that she practiced.（她成功因她练习了 ，why 引导主语从句，表语从句用 that ） 4. 其他连接词（because、as if 等） because 引导（“This/That/It is because...” 结构） That was because she tried.（那是因为她尝试了 ，because 表原因 ）； It is because they care.（这是因为他们在乎 ，because 引导表语从句 ） as if/as though 引导（表 “好像”，需看与事实是否相符用不同语气 ）： 与事实不符（虚拟）： He acts as if he were a king.（他表现得好像他是国王 ，与现在事实不符，用虚拟 ）； She looked as if she had seen a ghost.（她看起来好像见过鬼 ，与过去事实不符，had + 过去分词 ）； It seems as if it might snow.（看起来好像要下雪 ，将来可能性小，would + 动词原形 ） 与事实相符（陈述）： It appears as if she is happy.（看起来她好像开心 ，与事实相符，陈述语气 ）； He talks as if he knows everything.（他说话好像他知晓一切 ，与事实相符，陈述 ）； She smiles as if she means it.（她微笑好像她是认真的 ，陈述语气 ） 5. 虚拟语气（主语为 idea、advice 等名词时） 主句主语是 idea、advice 等，表语从句谓语用 “(should) + 动词原形” 。 His idea is that we (should) start.（他的想法是我们（应该）开始 ，idea 作主语，虚拟语气 ） The suggestion is that she (should) try.（建议是她（应该）尝试 ，suggestion 对应虚拟 ）； The order is that they (should) stop.（命令是他们（应该）停止 ，order 要求虚拟语气 ） 【即时训练】 1.The fact is ______ he has already finished the work. A. that B. if C. what D. whether 【答案】A 【解析】表语从句是陈述句 “他已经完成了工作”，用 that 引导，that 无实际意义起连接作用，if 表 “是否”（不引导表语从句 ），what 表 “…… 的东西 / 事”，whether 表 “是否”，所以选 A 。 2.The question is ______ they will come to the party. A. that B. if C. whether D. what 【答案】C 【解析】表语从句表 “他们是否会来参加派对”，缺 “是否” 含义，引导表语从句用 whether ，不用 if ，that 无实际意义，what 表 “…… 的东西 / 事”，所以选 C 。 3.The reason he is late is ______ he missed the bus. A. because B. that C. why D. what 【答案】B 【解析】主语是 reason 时，表语从句用 that 引导不用 because ，why 引导定语从句等（此处不适用 ），what 表 “…… 的东西 / 事”，所以选 B 。 4.My dream is ______ I can become a famous singer. A. that B. if C. what D. how 【答案】A 【解析】表语从句是陈述句 “我能成为一名著名歌手”，用 that 引导起连接作用，if 表 “是否”，what 表 “…… 的东西 / 事”，how 表方式，所以选 A 。 【知识点清单四】同位语从句 【要点精讲】 1.定义 同位语从句在句中作同位语，一般放在某些抽象名词（如 fact、news、idea、promise、thought、hope、message 等 ）后面，对这些名词进行补充说明， 说明这些名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由 that 引导，也可由 whether、how、when、where 等连接词引导。 2.常见引导词及用法 that 引导：that 在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，没有实际词义，但不能省略。 The news that our team won the game made us excited.（“our team won the game” 是对 “news” 具体内容的说明，that 只起连接作用 ） I have no doubt that he will come on time.（“he will come on time” 解释 “doubt” 的具体内容 ） The fact that she is a good singer is known to all.（阐述 “fact” 的具体所指 ） whether 引导：whether 引导同位语从句时，表示 “是否” 的意思，不充当句子成分。 The question whether he will attend the meeting is not decided yet.（“whether he will attend the meeting” 说明 “question” 的具体内容 ） We are discussing the problem whether we should build a new factory.（“whether we should build a new factory” 是 “problem” 的具体内容 ） They haven't made the decision whether they will go on a trip this weekend.（对 “decision” 的内容进行说明 ） 其他连接词引导（when、where、how 等）：这些连接词在同位语从句中充当相应的句子成分（时间状语、地点状语、方式状语等 ）。 when：I have no idea when he will return.（“when he will return” 解释 “idea” 的内容，when 在从句中作时间状语 ） where：The problem where we should hold the party has not been solved.（“where we should hold the party” 说明 “problem” 的具体内容，where 在从句中作地点状语 ） how：He gave us some advice how we should learn English well.（“how we should learn English well” 对 “advice” 进行解释，how 在从句中作方式状语 ） 3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别 从句性质：同位语从句是对前面名词内容的具体解释说明，与名词是等同关系；定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰限定，与名词是所属关系。 引导词功能：同位语从句中，that 不充当成分；定语从句中，that 充当主语、宾语等成分。 同位语从句：The news that he told me is true.（此句中 “that he told me” 是定语从句，that 作 told 的宾语 ）；The news that he won the first prize is true.（“that he won the first prize” 是同位语从句，解释 “news” 的内容，that 不充当成分 ） 定语从句：The book that lies on the desk is mine.（that 在定语从句中作主语 ） 4.同位语从句的特殊情况 分隔式同位语从句：有时为了句子平衡，会出现同位语从句与所解释的名词被其他成分隔开的情况。 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.（“that maybe she had left the door open when she left home” 是 “thought” 的同位语从句，被 “came to her” 隔开 ） 某些名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气：当同位语从句所解释说明的名词是 suggestion、advice、request、order 等表示 “建议、要求、命令” 等意义的词时，同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用 “(should) + 动词原形” 。 His suggestion that we (should) go for a picnic this weekend was accepted by all of us.（“that we (should) go for a picnic this weekend” 是 “suggestion” 的同位语从句，用虚拟语气 ） The order that the soldiers (should) start at once was given by the general.（“that the soldiers (should) start at once” 是 “order” 的同位语从句，用虚拟语气 ） 【即时训练】 1.We received the news ______ our team had won the championship.​ A. which B. that C. what D. how​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】“our team had won the championship” 是对 “news” 内容的解释，为同位语从句。同位语从句中 that 不充当成分，只起连接作用，which 引导定语从句（需作成分），what 表 “…… 的东西”，how 表方式，所以选 B。​ 2.The question ______ he will join us for dinner remains unknown.​ A. if B. that C. whether D. when​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】“he will join us for dinner” 解释 “question” 的具体内容，是同位语从句。表 “是否” 含义时，同位语从句用 whether 不用 if，that 无实际意义，when 表时间，所以选 C。​ 3.I have no idea ______ the meeting will be held.​ A. that B. where C. which D. whose​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】“the meeting will be held” 补充说明 “idea” 的内容，是同位语从句。从句缺地点状语，where 表 “在哪里”，that 无成分，which 表 “哪一个”，whose 表 “谁的”，所以选 B。​ 4.The fact ______ she missed the train made her very upset.​ A. that B. what C. why D. how​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】“she missed the train” 是对 “fact” 的具体解释，为同位语从句。that 在同位语从句中不充当成分，what 表 “…… 的东西”，why 表原因，how 表方式，所以选 A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第15个专题，内容为名词性从句。 2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题15 名词性从句（真题+模拟题） ( 【考点解读】 英语名词性从句分四类：主语从句（如 What he said is true）、宾语从句（如 I know he is here）、表语从句（如 This is what I want）、同位语从句（如 The news that he came is true）。均由连接词引导，陈述语序，时态随主句调整，功能相当于名词，在句中充当主、宾、表、同位语。 ) 【知识点清单一】主语从句 【要点精讲】 1. 定义 主语从句是在复合句中作主语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前，或由形式主语 it 代替，而主语从句本身放在句子末尾。引导主语从句的连接词有 who, that, which, what, how, why, when, where, whether 等。 2. 主语从句的引导词 ①对于 that 引导的主语从句，连词 that 不充当句子的成分，只是单纯的连接词，通常不可以省略。其原则是若 that 引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则 that 不能省略；若 that 引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语 it，则 that 可以省略。 that 不省略（从句居首） ： That he passed the exam makes his parents proud.（他通过了考试，这让他父母很骄傲 ）； That she loves reading is obvious.（她热爱阅读，这很明显 ）； That they will come to the party is still a question.（他们是否会来参加派对还是个问题 ） that 可省略（从句居末，it 作形式主语） ： It is true (that) he won the game.（他赢了比赛，这是真的 ）； It is a pity (that) you missed the concert.（你错过这场音乐会，真遗憾 ）； It is good news (that) our team won.（我们队赢了，这是个好消息 ） ②对于以连接代词（副词）引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代替主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句。whether 引导的主语从句可放于句首，而 if 引导的主语从句要放在句末。 形式主语与从句居首均可 ： It is unknown what he will do next.（他接下来要做什么还不清楚 ）； What he will do next is unknown.（他接下来要做什么还不清楚 ）； It is uncertain when she will arrive.（她什么时候到不确定 ）； When she will arrive is uncertain.（她什么时候到不确定 ） whether 从句居首，if 从句居末 ： Whether he can solve the problem is important.（他能否解决这个问题很重要 ）； It is unclear if he can solve the problem.（他能否解决这个问题还不清楚 ）； Whether we go camping depends on the weather.（我们是否去露营取决于天气 ）； It is still a doubt if we go camping.（我们是否去露营仍有疑问 ） ③what 引导主语从句相关 What she said surprised everyone.（她所说的话让所有人惊讶 ）； What we need is more practice.（我们所需要的是更多练习 ）； What he wants is a new bike.（他想要的是一辆新自行车 ） ④主语从句为疑问句相关 It is unknown who will win the race.（谁会赢得这场比赛还不清楚 ）； It is not decided where we will have the party.（我们要在哪里举办派对还没决定 ）； It is a question how he can finish the work on time.（他如何能按时完成工作是个问题 ） ⑤主语从句作主语表单数相关 What he did is helpful.（他所做的事是有帮助的 ）； That she comes late is a problem.（她迟到是个问题 ）； What they plan is practical.（他们的计划是可行的 ） ⑥表要求、建议等语义时从句谓语相关 It is necessary that we (should) clean the classroom.（我们有必要打扫教室 ）； It is suggested that she (should) take the job.（有人建议她接受这份工作 ）； It is important that he (should) study hard.（他努力学习是很重要的 ） 3. It 引导主语从句常见句型相关 It is + 名词 ： It is a fact that he is a good student.（他是个好学生，这是事实 ）； It is a wonder that she finished the task alone.（她独自完成了任务，真是个奇迹 ）； It is a shame that you didn’t attend the meeting.（你没参加会议，真遗憾 ） It is + 形容词 ： It is clear that he is lying.（很明显他在撒谎 ）； It is possible that it will rain tomorrow.（明天有可能下雨 ）； It is strange that she didn’t come to school.（她没来上学，真奇怪 ） It is + 过去分词 ： It is reported that the accident caused many deaths.（据报道，这场事故导致多人死亡 ）； It is believed that he is innocent.（人们相信他是无辜的 ）； It is said that the movie is very interesting.（据说这部电影很有趣 ） 【注意】主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况相关 ①if 引导 ： It is unknown if he will come.（不能说 If he will come is unknown ）； It is not sure if she likes the gift.（不能说 If she likes the gift is not sure ）； It is a question if they can help.（不能说 If they can help is a question ） ②It is said/reported... 结构 ： It is said that the singer will hold a concert.（不能说 That the singer will hold a concert is said ）； It is reported that the fire caused damage.（不能说 That the fire caused damage is reported ）； It is said that he has a new car.（不能说 That he has a new car is said ） ③It happens/occurs... 结构 ： It occurred to him that he made a mistake.（不能说 That he made a mistake occurred to him ，虽表达有变化，但体现原结构主语从句不可提前 ）； It happens that they are friends.（不能说 That they are friends happens ）； It occurred to her that she forgot the key.（不能说 That she forgot the key occurred to her ） ④It doesn’t matter how/whether... 结构 ：It doesn’t matter whether he agrees.（不能说 Whether he agrees doesn’t matter ）；It doesn’t matter how she solves the problem.（不能说 How she solves the problem doesn’t matter ）；It doesn’t matter whether it rains.（不能说 Whether it rains doesn’t matter ） ⑤复合句为疑问句 ：Is it true that he won the prize?（不能说 That he won the prize is true? ）；Is it possible that she will come?（不能说 That she will come is possible? ）；Is it likely that they will succeed?（不能说 That they will succeed is likely? ） 【即时训练】 1.______ wins the election will have a tough job ahead. A. Whoever B. Whomever C. Who D. Whom 2.______ the project will be completed on time depends on the workers’ cooperation. A. That B. What C. Whether D. If 3.______ he said at the meeting surprised everyone present. A. That B. What C. Which D. How 4.______ is needed is a good supply of water. A. That B. What C. Which D. Who 【知识点清单二】宾语从句 【要点精讲】 1.定义 置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动词现在分词形式后面都能跟宾语从句。宾语从句通常由连词 that 和 whether (if)，连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词 what 引导。 2. 宾语从句引导词相关 ①that 引导（陈述句作宾语从句） 单个宾语从句省略 that： I think (that) he is right.（think 后 that 可省略 ）； She said (that) she was happy.（said 后 that 可省略 ）； He believes (that) it’s possible.（believes 后 that 可省略 ） 多个宾语从句（and/but 连接）： He said (that) he liked reading and that he often went to the library.（第一个 that 可省略，第二个不能省 ）； She told me (that) she had finished homework but that she still felt tired.（第一个 that 可省略，第二个不能省 ）；They reported (that) the project succeeded and that everyone worked hard.（第一个 that 可省略，第二个不能省 ） ②if/whether 引导（一般疑问句作宾语从句） 普通情况：I wonder if/whether he will come.（想知道他是否会来 ）； She asks if/whether it’s going to rain.（询问是否会下雨 ）； He doubts if/whether she can pass the exam.（怀疑她能否通过考试 ） 与 or/or not 连用：I don’t know whether he will come or not.（whether 和 or not 连用 ）； She can’t decide whether to go or stay.（whether 用于不定式前 ）； He is thinking about whether it’s a good idea.（whether 作介词 about 的宾语 ） ③特殊疑问词引导（特殊疑问句作宾语从句） 疑问代词： I don’t know who broke the glass.（who 引导，在从句作主语 ）； She asks what he wants.（what 引导，在从句作宾语 ）； He wonders which book is yours.（which 引导，表选择 ） 疑问副词： Can you tell me where he lives?（where 引导，表地点 ）； I want to know when she will arrive.（when 引导，表时间 ）； She asks how he did it.（how 引导，表方式 ） 3. 宾语从句时态相关 ①主句一般现在时，从句任意时态 从句一般现在时： He says that he likes English.（主句 says 一般现在时，从句 likes 一般现在时 ）； She knows that the earth goes around the sun.（客观真理，从句用一般现在时 ）； I think that he is a student.（从句一般现在时 ） 从句一般过去时： He tells me that he went to the park yesterday.（主句 tells 一般现在时，从句 went 一般过去时 ）； She says that she met an old friend last week.（从句一般过去时 ）； I know that he finished his work just now.（从句一般过去时 ） 从句现在进行时： He thinks that she is reading a book.（主句 thinks 一般现在时，从句 is reading 现在进行时 ）； She knows that they are playing football.（从句现在进行时 ）； I believe that he is working hard.（从句现在进行时 ） 从句现在完成时： He says that he has seen the film.（主句 says 一般现在时，从句 has seen 现在完成时 ）； She tells me that she has finished her homework.（从句现在完成时 ）； I know that they have lived here for years.（从句现在完成时 ） ②主句过去时，从句过去相关时态 一般过去时： He said that he went to school by bike.（主句 said 过去时，从句 went 一般过去时 ）； She told me that she liked singing.（从句一般过去时 ）； They reported that the meeting started on time.（从句一般过去时 ） 过去进行时： He said that they were having a meeting.（主句 said 过去时，从句 were having 过去进行时 ）； She told me that she was watching TV.（从句过去进行时 ）； I knew that he was sleeping.（从句过去进行时 ） 过去将来时： He said that he would go to Beijing.（主句 said 过去时，从句 would go 过去将来时 ）； She told me that she would visit her grandma.（从句过去将来时 ）； They planned that they would have a party.（从句过去将来时 ） 过去完成时： He said that he had finished the work.（主句 said 过去时，从句 had finished 过去完成时 ）； She told me that she had seen the film before.（从句过去完成时 ）； I knew that they had left.（从句过去完成时 ） 4. 注意事项相关 ①形式宾语 it 常见结构： I find it necessary that we should study hard.（it 作形式宾语，that 从句作真正宾语 ）； He thinks it important that you should come.（it 形式宾语 ）； She makes it clear that she doesn’t agree.（it 形式宾语 ） ②否定转移 常见动词： I don’t think that he is right.（否定转移，实际否定从句内容 ）； She doesn’t believe that he will come.（否定转移 ）； He doesn’t suppose that it will rain.（否定转移 ） 【即时训练】 1.She wonders ______ her friend will arrive tomorrow. A. that B. if C. what D. whose 2.Can you tell me ______ he bought for his mother? A. that B. if C. what D. where 3.He said ______ he would help us with the project. A. that B. if C. what D. when 4.I don’t know ______ she will go to the park or stay at home. A. that B. if C. whether D. what 【知识点清单三】表语从句 【要点精讲】 一.定义 表语从句是指一个句子作为表语，说明主语是什么或者怎么样，和连系动词一起构成谓语。表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语，一般结构是 “主语 + 连系动词 + 表语从句” 。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。此外，引导表语从句的关联词不能省略，并且从句要用陈述语序。 二、引导词及用法 1. that 引导 无实际意义，起连接作用，一般不省略；主句含 do 相关形式时可省 。 常规保留： The truth is that it’s true.（真相是这是真的 ，that 连接，不省 ）； My hope is that we succeed.（我的希望是我们成功 ，that 起连接 ）； The key point is that we try.（关键是我们尝试了 ，that 连接表语从句 ） 含 do 可省： What I want to do is (that) I help.（我想做的是我帮忙 ，主句有 do ，that 可省 ）； All he did is (that) he waited.（他所做的是等待 ，did 存在，that 可省 ）； What she plans to do is (that) she travels.（她计划做的是旅行 ，plans to do 含 do 相关，that 可省 ） 2. whether 引导 表 “是否”，不充当成份，表语从句只用 whether ，不用 if 。 基础示例： The question is whether he comes.（问题是他是否来 ，whether 表是否 ）； The doubt is whether it works.（疑问是这是否起作用 ，whether 引导 ）； The puzzle is whether they agree.（困惑是他们是否同意 ，whether 表是否 ） 3. reason 关联引导 主语或主语含起因，表语从句表原因用 that ，不用 because ；why 引导主语从句作主语，表语从句用 that 。 reason 作主语： The reason is that it rained.（原因是下雨了 ，that 引导 ）； The main reason is that we missed.（主要原因是我们错过了 ，that 表原因 ）； Another reason is that he quit.（另一个原因是他退出了 ，that 引导 ） why 引导主语从句： Why it happened is that luck helped.（这事发生因运气助力 ，why 引导主语从句，表语从句用 that ）； Why she succeeded is that she practiced.（她成功因她练习了 ，why 引导主语从句，表语从句用 that ） 4. 其他连接词（because、as if 等） because 引导（“This/That/It is because...” 结构） That was because she tried.（那是因为她尝试了 ，because 表原因 ）； It is because they care.（这是因为他们在乎 ，because 引导表语从句 ） as if/as though 引导（表 “好像”，需看与事实是否相符用不同语气 ）： 与事实不符（虚拟）： He acts as if he were a king.（他表现得好像他是国王 ，与现在事实不符，用虚拟 ）； She looked as if she had seen a ghost.（她看起来好像见过鬼 ，与过去事实不符，had + 过去分词 ）； It seems as if it might snow.（看起来好像要下雪 ，将来可能性小，would + 动词原形 ） 与事实相符（陈述）： It appears as if she is happy.（看起来她好像开心 ，与事实相符，陈述语气 ）； He talks as if he knows everything.（他说话好像他知晓一切 ，与事实相符，陈述 ）； She smiles as if she means it.（她微笑好像她是认真的 ，陈述语气 ） 5. 虚拟语气（主语为 idea、advice 等名词时） 主句主语是 idea、advice 等，表语从句谓语用 “(should) + 动词原形” 。 His idea is that we (should) start.（他的想法是我们（应该）开始 ，idea 作主语，虚拟语气 ） The suggestion is that she (should) try.（建议是她（应该）尝试 ，suggestion 对应虚拟 ）； The order is that they (should) stop.（命令是他们（应该）停止 ，order 要求虚拟语气 ） 【即时训练】 1.The fact is ______ he has already finished the work. A. that B. if C. what D. whether 2.The question is ______ they will come to the party. A. that B. if C. whether D. what 3.The reason he is late is ______ he missed the bus. A. because B. that C. why D. what 4.My dream is ______ I can become a famous singer. A. that B. if C. what D. how 【知识点清单四】同位语从句 【要点精讲】 1.定义 同位语从句在句中作同位语，一般放在某些抽象名词（如 fact、news、idea、promise、thought、hope、message 等 ）后面，对这些名词进行补充说明， 说明这些名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由 that 引导，也可由 whether、how、when、where 等连接词引导。 2.常见引导词及用法 that 引导：that 在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，没有实际词义，但不能省略。 The news that our team won the game made us excited.（“our team won the game” 是对 “news” 具体内容的说明，that 只起连接作用 ） I have no doubt that he will come on time.（“he will come on time” 解释 “doubt” 的具体内容 ） The fact that she is a good singer is known to all.（阐述 “fact” 的具体所指 ） whether 引导：whether 引导同位语从句时，表示 “是否” 的意思，不充当句子成分。 The question whether he will attend the meeting is not decided yet.（“whether he will attend the meeting” 说明 “question” 的具体内容 ） We are discussing the problem whether we should build a new factory.（“whether we should build a new factory” 是 “problem” 的具体内容 ） They haven't made the decision whether they will go on a trip this weekend.（对 “decision” 的内容进行说明 ） 其他连接词引导（when、where、how 等）：这些连接词在同位语从句中充当相应的句子成分（时间状语、地点状语、方式状语等 ）。 when：I have no idea when he will return.（“when he will return” 解释 “idea” 的内容，when 在从句中作时间状语 ） where：The problem where we should hold the party has not been solved.（“where we should hold the party” 说明 “problem” 的具体内容，where 在从句中作地点状语 ） how：He gave us some advice how we should learn English well.（“how we should learn English well” 对 “advice” 进行解释，how 在从句中作方式状语 ） 3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别 从句性质：同位语从句是对前面名词内容的具体解释说明，与名词是等同关系；定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰限定，与名词是所属关系。 引导词功能：同位语从句中，that 不充当成分；定语从句中，that 充当主语、宾语等成分。 同位语从句：The news that he told me is true.（此句中 “that he told me” 是定语从句，that 作 told 的宾语 ）；The news that he won the first prize is true.（“that he won the first prize” 是同位语从句，解释 “news” 的内容，that 不充当成分 ） 定语从句：The book that lies on the desk is mine.（that 在定语从句中作主语 ） 4.同位语从句的特殊情况 分隔式同位语从句：有时为了句子平衡，会出现同位语从句与所解释的名词被其他成分隔开的情况。 The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.（“that maybe she had left the door open when she left home” 是 “thought” 的同位语从句，被 “came to her” 隔开 ） 某些名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气：当同位语从句所解释说明的名词是 suggestion、advice、request、order 等表示 “建议、要求、命令” 等意义的词时，同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用 “(should) + 动词原形” 。 His suggestion that we (should) go for a picnic this weekend was accepted by all of us.（“that we (should) go for a picnic this weekend” 是 “suggestion” 的同位语从句，用虚拟语气 ） The order that the soldiers (should) start at once was given by the general.（“that the soldiers (should) start at once” 是 “order” 的同位语从句，用虚拟语气 ） 【即时训练】 1.We received the news ______ our team had won the championship.​ A. which B. that C. what D. how​ 2.The question ______ he will join us for dinner remains unknown.​ A. if B. that C. whether D. when​ 3.I have no idea ______ the meeting will be held.​ A. that B. where C. which D. whose​ 4.The fact ______ she missed the train made her very upset.​ A. that B. what C. why D. how​ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$