专题11 构词法36题（真题+模拟题）-2026版湖南省（对口升学）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第11个专题，内容为构词法。 2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题11 构词法（真题+模拟题） ( 【考点解读】 英语构词法主要包括派生、合成、转化三大类。派生通过前缀（如 un - 表否定）、后缀（如 - ness 构成名词）改变词义或词性；合成是将两词组合（如 bookstore）；转化指单词不经变化改变词性（如 water 作动词 “浇水”）。另有缩略（如 phone）、拟声等次要方法，掌握可高效扩大词汇量。 ) 【构词法·高考真题分类通关】 【考点一：合成法】 1.(2022江苏职教高考英语,22)The _______ published an article about the new government policy.​ A. textbook​ B. newspaper ​C. notebook ​D. blackboard​ 2.(2021福建职教高考英语,31)My _______ always tells me interesting stories about his childhood.​ A. grandmother​ B. grandson​ C. granddaughter​ D. mother-in-law​ 3.(2022广西职教高考英语,29)The _______ marks the latest time we can submit the project.​ A. deadline​ B. blueprint​ C. stronghold​ D. highway​ 【考点二：转化法】 4.(2020河北职教高考英语,24)She _______ a beautiful song at the party last night.​ A. song B. sing C. sang D. singer​ 5.(2021辽宁职教高考英语,22)The company plans to _______ a new product next month.​ A. product B. produce C. production D. productive​ 6.(2021安徽职教高考英语,34)You should _______ your hands before eating.​ A. clean B. dirt C. mess D. dirty​ 【考点三：派生法】 7.(2018河北职教高考英语,44)Children usually have a happy _______ with their parents.​ A. child B. childhood C. childish D. childishly​ 8.(2020山东职教高考英语,25)We need to _______ our efforts to achieve the goal.​ A. strength B. strong C. strengthen D. strongly​ 9.(20192江苏职教高考英语,27)The company wants to _______ its production process to save time.​ A. simple B. simplify C. simply D. simplification​ 【构词法·全真模拟题分类通关】 【考点一：合成法】 10.We drove along the _______ to get to the next city quickly.​ A. byway​ B. highway​ C. bylaw ​D. outpost​ 11.The castle served as a _______ for the army during the war.​ A. stronghold​ B. blueprint​ C. deadline ​D. sweetheart​ 12.He wore an _______ over his suit to keep warm in the cold weather.​ A. overcoat​ B. underclothes​ C. easy-chair​ D. waiting-room​ 13.She sat in the _______ and read a book after dinner.​ A. easy-chair​ B. waiting-room​ C. looking-glass​ D. drinking water​ 14.The _______ is used to catch fish in the river.​ A. fishing rod​ B. listening material​ C. letter-writing​ D. word-building​ 15.We need to prepare some _______ for the English listening test.​ A. listening material​ B. drinking water​ C. tiger-hunting​ D. paper-manufacturing​ 16.The _______ process involves several steps to make paper from wood.​ A. paper-manufacturing​ B. town-planning​ C. book-keeping​ D. letter-writing​ 17._______ is an important skill for managing a company's financial records.​ A. Book-keeping​ B. Town-planning​ C. Word-building​ D. Tiger-hunting​ 18.The _______ is a traditional game where children hide and others try to find them.​ A. hide-and-seek​ B. merry-go-round​ C. man-of-war​ D. forget-me-not​ 19.This is a _______ hotel with excellent service and facilities.​ A. five-star​ B. one-way​ C. five-year ​D. ten-meter-long​ 【考点二：转化法】 20.The sun _______ brightly in the sky yesterday.​ A. shine B. shines C. shone D. shiny​ 21.He can _______ three languages fluently.​ A. speech B. speak C. spoken D. speaker​ 22.The wind _______ strongly all night long.​ A. blow B. blows C. blew D. blowing​ 23.Please _______ attention to what the teacher is saying.​ A. pay B. give C. take D. make​ 24.She _______ a lot of money by working hard.​ A. earn B. earns C. earned D. earning​ 25.The little girl _______ when she saw the big dog.​ A. Fear B. fears C. feared D. fearful​ 26.We need to _______ a decision before the end of the day.​ A. do B. make C. take D. get​ 27.He _______ his name on the piece of paper.​ A. write B. writes C. wrote D. written​ 28.The old man _______ alone in a small house.​ A. live B. lives C. lived D. living​ 29.You should _______ the truth to your parents.​ A. tell B. say C. speak D. talk​ 30.The baby _______ for milk every night.​ A. cry B. cries C. cried D. crying​ 【考点三：派生法】 31.This machine can _______ the raw materials into useful products.​ A. modern B. modernize C. modernization D. modernly​ 32.This book is _______ for beginners to learn English.​ A. help B. helpful C. helplessly D. helpless​ 33.It's _______ to talk with your mouth full of food.​ A. polite B. impolite C. politely D. politeness​ 34.The _______ forest is home to many rare animals.​ A. danger B. dangerous C. dangerously D. endanger​ 35.The weather is _______ today; we may need an umbrella.​ A. cloud B. cloudy C. cloudily D. cloudiness​ 36.She has an _______ lifestyle, always taking part in various activities.​ A. act B. active C. actively D. activity​ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、湖南省对口升学考试考纲以及历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分32个专题：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。 本专题是2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第11个专题，内容为构词法。 2026版湖南省（对口招生）一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题11 构词法（真题+模拟题） ( 【考点解读】 英语构词法主要包括派生、合成、转化三大类。派生通过前缀（如 un - 表否定）、后缀（如 - ness 构成名词）改变词义或词性；合成是将两词组合（如 bookstore）；转化指单词不经变化改变词性（如 water 作动词 “浇水”）。另有缩略（如 phone）、拟声等次要方法，掌握可高效扩大词汇量。 ) 【构词法·高考真题分类通关】 【考点一：合成法】 1.(2022江苏职教高考英语,22)The _______ published an article about the new government policy.​ A. textbook​ B. newspaper ​C. notebook ​D. blackboard​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】newspaper 意为 “报纸”，报纸会发表关于政府新政策的文章，符合句意。textbook “课本”，notebook “笔记本”，blackboard “黑板” 均不符合。​ 2.(2021福建职教高考英语,31)My _______ always tells me interesting stories about his childhood.​ A. grandmother​ B. grandson​ C. granddaughter​ D. mother-in-law​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】能讲童年故事的应该是长辈，grandmother 意为 “祖母”，符合语境。grandson “孙子”，granddaughter “孙女”，mother-in-law “岳母” 均不符合。​ 3.(2022广西职教高考英语,29)The _______ marks the latest time we can submit the project.​ A. deadline​ B. blueprint​ C. stronghold​ D. highway​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】deadline 意为 “截止日期”，是提交项目的最晚时间，符合句意。blueprint “蓝图”，stronghold “要塞”，highway “公路” 均不符合。 【考点二：转化法】 4.(2020河北职教高考英语,24)She _______ a beautiful song at the party last night.​ A. song B. sing C. sang D. singer​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】“sing” 是动词 “唱歌”，此处用过去式 “sang”，符合 “昨晚在派对上唱歌” 的语境。A 项是名词 “歌曲”；B 项是动词原形，时态不符；D 项是名词 “歌手”。​ 5.(2021辽宁职教高考英语,22)The company plans to _______ a new product next month.​ A. product B. produce C. production D. productive​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】“produce” 作动词意为 “生产”，符合 “推出新产品” 的语境。A 项是名词 “产品”；C 项是名词 “生产”；D 项是形容词 “有成效的”。​ 6.(2021安徽职教高考英语,34)You should _______ your hands before eating.​ A. clean B. dirt C. mess D. dirty​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】“clean” 作动词意为 “清洁”，“clean your hands” 表示 “洗手”，符合语境。B 项是名词 “灰尘”；C 项是名词 “混乱”；D 项是形容词 “脏的”，此处需动词。 【考点三：派生法】 7.(2018河北职教高考英语,44)Children usually have a happy _______ with their parents.​ A. child B. childhood C. childish D. childishly​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】后缀 “-hood” 表示 “时期；状态”，“childhood” 由 “child” 加 “-hood” 构成，意为 “童年”，符合 “孩子们通常和父母度过快乐的童年” 的语境。​ 8.(2020山东职教高考英语,25)We need to _______ our efforts to achieve the goal.​ A. strength B. strong C. strengthen D. strongly​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】后缀 “-en” 表示 “使… 变得”，“strengthen” 由 “strong” 加 “-en” 构成，意为 “加强”，符合 “我们需要加强努力以实现目标” 的语境。​ 9.(20192江苏职教高考英语,27)The company wants to _______ its production process to save time.​ A. simple B. simplify C. simply D. simplification​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】后缀 “-ify” 表示 “使… 化”，“simplify” 由 “simple” 加 “-ify” 构成，意为 “简化”，符合 “公司想简化生产流程以节省时间” 的语境。 【构词法·全真模拟题分类通关】 【考点一：合成法】 10.We drove along the _______ to get to the next city quickly.​ A. byway​ B. highway​ C. bylaw ​D. outpost​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】highway 意为 “公路”，沿着公路能快速到达下一个城市，符合语境。byway “小路”，bylaw “附则”，outpost “前哨” 均不符合。​ 11.The castle served as a _______ for the army during the war.​ A. stronghold​ B. blueprint​ C. deadline ​D. sweetheart​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】stronghold 意为 “要塞”，战争期间城堡可作为军队的要塞，符合句意。blueprint “蓝图”，deadline “截止日期”，sweetheart “爱人” 均不符合。​ 12.He wore an _______ over his suit to keep warm in the cold weather.​ A. overcoat​ B. underclothes​ C. easy-chair​ D. waiting-room​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】overcoat 意为 “外套”，在寒冷天气穿在西装外面保暖，符合语境。underclothes “内衣”，easy-chair “安乐椅”，waiting-room “等候室” 均不符合。​ 13.She sat in the _______ and read a book after dinner.​ A. easy-chair​ B. waiting-room​ C. looking-glass​ D. drinking water​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】easy-chair 意为 “安乐椅”，饭后坐在安乐椅上看书，符合语境。waiting-room “等候室”，looking-glass “镜子”，drinking water “饮用水” 均不符合。​ 14.The _______ is used to catch fish in the river.​ A. fishing rod​ B. listening material​ C. letter-writing​ D. word-building​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】fishing rod 意为 “鱼竿”，用来在河里钓鱼，符合句意。listening material “听力材料”，letter-writing “写信”，word-building “构词” 均不符合。​ 15.We need to prepare some _______ for the English listening test.​ A. listening material​ B. drinking water​ C. tiger-hunting​ D. paper-manufacturing​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】listening material 意为 “听力材料”，为英语听力测试做准备需要听力材料，符合语境。drinking water “饮用水”，tiger-hunting “打虎”，paper-manufacturing “造纸” 均不符合。​ 16.The _______ process involves several steps to make paper from wood.​ A. paper-manufacturing​ B. town-planning​ C. book-keeping​ D. letter-writing​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】paper-manufacturing 意为 “造纸”，从木材造纸的过程即造纸过程，符合句意。town-planning “城镇规划”，book-keeping “簿记”，letter-writing “写信” 均不符合。​ 17._______ is an important skill for managing a company's financial records.​ A. Book-keeping​ B. Town-planning​ C. Word-building​ D. Tiger-hunting​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】book-keeping 意为 “簿记”，是管理公司财务记录的重要技能，符合语境。town-planning “城镇规划”，word-building “构词”，tiger-hunting “打虎” 均不符合。​ 18.The _______ is a traditional game where children hide and others try to find them.​ A. hide-and-seek​ B. merry-go-round​ C. man-of-war​ D. forget-me-not​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】hide-and-seek 意为 “捉迷藏”，是孩子们藏起来让别人找的传统游戏，符合句意。merry-go-round “旋转木马”，man-of-war “军舰”，forget-me-not “勿忘我” 均不符合。​ 19.This is a _______ hotel with excellent service and facilities.​ A. five-star​ B. one-way​ C. five-year ​D. ten-meter-long​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】five-star 意为 “五星级的”，用来形容酒店档次，符合语境。one-way “单向的”，five-year “五年的”，ten-meter-long “十米长的” 均不符合。​ 【考点二：转化法】 20.The sun _______ brightly in the sky yesterday.​ A. shine B. shines C. shone D. shiny​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】“shine” 作动词意为 “照耀”， yesterday 表明用过去式 “shone”。A 项是动词原形；B 项是第三人称单数形式；D 项是形容词 “闪亮的”。​ 21.He can _______ three languages fluently.​ A. speech B. speak C. spoken D. speaker​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】“speak” 作动词意为 “说（语言）”，符合 “说三种语言” 的语境。A 项是名词 “演讲”；C 项是过去分词；D 项是名词 “说话者”。​ 22.The wind _______ strongly all night long.​ A. blow B. blows C. blew D. blowing​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】“blow” 作动词意为 “吹”，“all night long” 结合语境用过去式 “blew”。A 项是动词原形；B 项是第三人称单数形式；D 项是现在分词。​ 23.Please _______ attention to what the teacher is saying.​ A. pay B. give C. take D. make​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】“pay” 作动词，“pay attention to” 是固定短语 “注意”，符合语境。其他选项与 “attention” 搭配不恰当。​ 24.She _______ a lot of money by working hard.​ A. earn B. earns C. earned D. earning​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】“earn” 作动词意为 “赚得”，结合语境用过去式 “earned” 更合适。A 项是动词原形；B 项是第三人称单数形式；D 项是现在分词。​ 25.The little girl _______ when she saw the big dog.​ A. Fear B. fears C. feared D. fearful​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】“fear” 作动词意为 “害怕”，“saw” 表明用过去式 “feared”。A 项是动词原形；B 项是第三人称单数形式；D 项是形容词 “害怕的”。​ 26.We need to _______ a decision before the end of the day.​ A. do B. make C. take D. get​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】“make” 作动词，“make a decision” 是固定短语 “做决定”，符合语境。其他选项与 “decision” 搭配不正确。​ 27.He _______ his name on the piece of paper.​ A. write B. writes C. wrote D. written​ 【答案】C​ 【解析】“write” 作动词意为 “写”，此处描述过去的动作，用过去式 “wrote”。A 项是动词原形；B 项是第三人称单数形式；D 项是过去分词。​ 28.The old man _______ alone in a small house.​ A. live B. lives C. lived D. living​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】“live” 作动词意为 “居住”，主语 “the old man” 是第三人称单数，用 “lives”。A 项是动词原形；C 项是过去式；D 项是现在分词。​ 29.You should _______ the truth to your parents.​ A. tell B. say C. speak D. talk​ 【答案】A​ 【解析】“tell” 作动词，“tell the truth” 是固定短语 “说实话”，符合语境。B 项 “say” 后接说的内容；C 项 “speak” 后接语言；D 项 “talk” 强调交谈。​ 30.The baby _______ for milk every night.​ A. cry B. cries C. cried D. crying​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】“cry” 作动词意为 “哭”，主语 “the baby” 是第三人称单数，“every night” 表明用一般现在时 “cries”。A 项是动词原形；C 项是过去式；D 项是现在分词。​ 【考点三：派生法】 31.This machine can _______ the raw materials into useful products.​ A. modern B. modernize C. modernization D. modernly​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】后缀 “-ize” 表示 “使… 成为；… 化”，“modernize” 虽原词是 “modern”，但此处语境是 “将原材料转化为有用产品”，用 “convert” 更合适，按后缀逻辑 “modernize” 意为 “使现代化”，选 B。 32.This book is _______ for beginners to learn English.​ A. help B. helpful C. helplessly D. helpless​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】后缀 “-ful” 表示 “充满… 的”，“helpful” 由 “help” 加 “-ful” 构成，意为 “有帮助的”，符合 “这本书对初学者学英语有帮助” 的语境。​ 33.It's _______ to talk with your mouth full of food.​ A. polite B. impolite C. politely D. politeness​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】后缀 “-ite” 此处结合否定前缀 “im-”，“impolite” 意为 “不礼貌的”，符合 “嘴里塞满食物说话是不礼貌的” 的语境，体现派生法的前缀加后缀。​ 34.The _______ forest is home to many rare animals.​ A. danger B. dangerous C. dangerously D. endanger​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】后缀 “-ous” 表示 “具有… 的”，“dangerous” 由 “danger” 加 “-ous” 构成，意为 “危险的”，修饰 “forest”，符合语境。​ 35.The weather is _______ today; we may need an umbrella.​ A. cloud B. cloudy C. cloudily D. cloudiness​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】后缀 “-y” 表示 “多… 的；有… 性质的”，“cloudy” 由 “cloud” 加 “-y” 构成，意为 “多云的”，描述天气，符合语境。​ 36.She has an _______ lifestyle, always taking part in various activities.​ A. act B. active C. actively D. activity​ 【答案】B​ 【解析】后缀 “-ive” 表示 “有… 性质的”，“active” 由 “act” 加 “-ive” 构成，意为 “活跃的”，修饰 “lifestyle”，符合语境。​ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$