过去进行时 语法讲解和语法练习 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语上册

译林版八上必考语法 过去进行时 语法讲解 一、基本概念与构成 过去进行时表示过去某一特定时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,强调动作在过去某时刻的 “持续性” 或 “正在进行中”。 1. 构成:主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词(V-ing) ①第一人称单数(I)/ 第三人称单数(he/she/it):was + V-ing ②第一人称复数(we)/ 第二人称(you)/ 第三人称复数(they):were + V-ing 二、核心用法 1. 表示过去某一具体时间正在进行的动作 常与明确的过去时间状语搭配,如 “at 8 p.m. last night”“this time yesterday”“from 2 to 4 p.m. yesterday” 等。 例句:She was reading a book at 9 o'clock last night.(昨晚 9 点她正在看书。) 2. 描述两个过去同时进行的动作 常用 “while” 连接,强调两个动作在过去同一时间段内同时持续进行。 例句:While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework.(妈妈做饭时,我在做作业。) 3. 表示 “背景动作” 与 “短暂动作” 的对比 过去进行时(持续性动作)作为 “背景”,被另一个短暂的过去动作(一般过去时)打断,常用 “when” 连接。 结构:When + 一般过去时句子,主句用过去进行时;或 过去进行时句子 + when + 一般过去时句子。 例句:I was walking home when it started to rain.(我正走路回家,突然下起了雨。) 三、时间状语标志 过去进行时常与以下时间状语连用,明确动作发生的 “过去特定时间”: 1. 具体时间点:at 7 p.m. last night(昨晚 7 点)、this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、at that moment(那一刻) 2. 时间段:from 2 to 4 p.m. yesterday(昨天下午 2 点到 4 点) 3. 引导词:while(当…… 时,强调同时)、when(当…… 时,强调突然) 四、句式变化 1. 肯定句:主语 + was/were + V-ing He was playing football at this time last Sunday. 2. 否定句:主语 + was/were + not + V-ing They were not (weren't) studying English then. 3. 一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + V-ing? Were you watching TV at 8 last night? 回答:Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. 4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + V-ing? What were you doing when the bell rang? 五、常见错误与注意事项 1. 与一般过去时的区别 ①过去进行时:强调动作 “在过去某时正在进行”,可能未完成。 例:She was writing a letter when I came in.(我进来时,她正在写信 —— 信可能没写完。) ②一般过去时:强调动作 “在过去发生并完成”。 例:She wrote a letter yesterday.(她昨天写了一封信 —— 动作已完成。) 2. while 与 when 的用法辨析 ①while 后接延续性动作(多用过去进行时)。 例:While he was reading, his sister was drawing. ②when 后接短暂性动作(多用一般过去时),或延续性动作(可与过去进行时连用)。 例:When the rain started, we were walking home. 3. 状态动词不用于进行时 表示 “拥有、认知、情感” 等的状态动词(如 have, know, like)一般不用于进行时,需用一般过去时。 例:He knew the answer yesterday.(不能说 was knowing) 六、专项训练题对应要点示例(结合文档题目) 选词填空第 1 题:While Lucy _ in the pool... 解析:while 引导同时进行的动作,用过去进行时;Lucy 是第三人称单数,填was swimming。 单项选择第 11 题:My sister _ a song when the doorbell rang. 解析:when 后是短暂动作(rang),主句用过去进行时,选C. was singing。 用所给词填空第 34 题:_ (be) your parents _ (watch) TV at 8 last night? 解析:过去具体时间点,用一般疑问句结构;parents 是复数,填Were; watching。 语法练习 一、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词,并用其正确形式填空(每词限用一次) swim paint chat mend plant cook ride type shop practice 1. While Lucy _ in the pool, her brother was playing on the beach. 2. My grandfather _ his old radio from 2 to 4 p.m. yesterday. 3. They _ flowers in the garden when a butterfly landed on the soil. 4. The secretary _ a report when the manager walked into the office. 5. We _ in the supermarket when we met our neighbor. 6. He _ the piano at this time last Sunday. 7. The artist _ a landscape when it started to rain. 8. She _ her bike to school when I saw her this morning. 9. The students _ with each other after class when the bell rang again. 10. My aunt _ dumplings when we arrived at her house. 二、单项选择 11. My sister _ a song when the doorbell rang. A. sings B. sang C. was singing D. is singing 12. While Tom _ basketball, his brother was doing homework. A. play B. played C. plays D. was playing 13. What _ you _ at 7 p.m. last night? A. do; do B. did; do C. were; doing D. are; doing 14. The students _ loudly when the teacher came in. A. talk B. talked C. are talking D. were talking 15. I _ to the radio while my mother was cooking. A. listen B. listened C. was listening D. am listening 16. _ it _ when you left home this morning? A. Did; rain B. Was; raining C. Does; rain D. Is; raining 17. My father _ the car when I got up yesterday. A. wash B. washed C. was washing D. is washing 18. They _ a movie at this time last Saturday. A. watch B. watched C. were watching D. are watching 19. When the phone rang, I _ dinner with my family. A. have B. had C. was having D. am having 20. Lucy _ her room while Lily was reading a book. A. clean B. cleaned C. was cleaning D. cleans 21. The children _ happily in the park when it started to rain. A. play B. played C. were playing D. are playing 22. What _ your brother _ when the fire alarm went off? A. do; do B. did; do C. was; doing D. is; doing 23. I _ an email to my friend at 9 last night. A. write B. wrote C. was writing D. am writing 24. While my parents _ TV, I was doing my homework. A. watch B. watched C. were watching D. are watching 25. _ your sister _ in the library at 3 p.m. yesterday? A. Did; study B. Was; studying C. Does; study D. Is; studying 26. The dog _ loudly when a stranger passed by. A. bark B. barked C. was barking D. barks 27. When I saw him, he _ with his friends. A. talk B. talked C. was talking D. talks 28. My brother _ computer games all afternoon last Sunday. A. play B. played C. were playing D. was playing 29. While Mary _ to music, her brother was drawing. A. listen B. listened C. was listening D. listens 30. The workers _ the road when the accident happened. A. repair B. repaired C. were repairing D. are repairing 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 31. He _ (read) a newspaper when the phone rang. 32. They _ (not play) football at 4 p.m. yesterday. They were swimming. 33. While I _ (walk) in the park, I met an old friend. 34. _ (be) your parents _ (watch) TV at 8 last night? 35. The students _ (have) a class when the fire alarm went off. 36. She _ (always forget) her keys when she was in Grade 7. 37. What _ your sister _ (do) when you got home yesterday? 38. My father _ (fix) his bike from 2 to 5 p.m. last Saturday. 39. The baby _ (cry) because she was hungry. 40. We _ (not study) English at this time last Monday. We were having a P.E. class. 41. While Tom _ (eat) dinner, his little sister was playing with toys. 42. The teacher _ (teach) us grammar when the bell rang. 43. They _ (plan) a trip to the beach when I visited them. 44. _ you _ (wait) for the bus at 6 o'clock yesterday morning? 45. She _ (dance) at the party when she hurt her leg. 46. My mother _ (cook) breakfast while my father was shaving. 47. The birds _ (sing) in the tree when I passed by. 48. He _ (not sleep) at 11 p.m. last night. He was reading a novel. 49. While the rain _ (fall), we were staying at home. 50. The boys _ (play) basketball on the playground when the teacher came. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 译林版八上必考语法 过去进行时 · 语法讲解 一、基本概念与构成 过去进行时表示过去某一特定时间点或时间段正在进行的动作，强调动作在过去某时刻的 “持续性” 或 “正在进行中”。 1. 构成：主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词（V-ing） ①第一人称单数（I）/ 第三人称单数（he/she/it）：was + V-ing ②第一人称复数（we）/ 第二人称（you）/ 第三人称复数（they）：were + V-ing 二、核心用法 1. 表示过去某一具体时间正在进行的动作 常与明确的过去时间状语搭配，如 “at 8 p.m. last night”“this time yesterday”“from 2 to 4 p.m. yesterday” 等。 例句：She was reading a book at 9 o'clock last night.（昨晚 9 点她正在看书。） 2. 描述两个过去同时进行的动作 常用 “while” 连接，强调两个动作在过去同一时间段内同时持续进行。 例句：While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework.（妈妈做饭时，我在做作业。） 3. 表示 “背景动作” 与 “短暂动作” 的对比 过去进行时（持续性动作）作为 “背景”，被另一个短暂的过去动作（一般过去时）打断，常用 “when” 连接。 结构：When + 一般过去时句子，主句用过去进行时；或 过去进行时句子 + when + 一般过去时句子。 例句：I was walking home when it started to rain.（我正走路回家，突然下起了雨。） 三、时间状语标志 过去进行时常与以下时间状语连用，明确动作发生的 “过去特定时间”： 1. 具体时间点：at 7 p.m. last night（昨晚 7 点）、this time yesterday（昨天这个时候）、at that moment（那一刻） 2. 时间段：from 2 to 4 p.m. yesterday（昨天下午 2 点到 4 点） 3. 引导词：while（当…… 时，强调同时）、when（当…… 时，强调突然） 四、句式变化 1. 肯定句：主语 + was/were + V-ing He was playing football at this time last Sunday. 2. 否定句：主语 + was/were + not + V-ing They were not (weren't) studying English then. 3. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + V-ing？ Were you watching TV at 8 last night? 回答：Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + V-ing？ What were you doing when the bell rang? 五、常见错误与注意事项 1. 与一般过去时的区别 ①过去进行时：强调动作 “在过去某时正在进行”，可能未完成。 例：She was writing a letter when I came in.（我进来时，她正在写信 —— 信可能没写完。） ②一般过去时：强调动作 “在过去发生并完成”。 例：She wrote a letter yesterday.（她昨天写了一封信 —— 动作已完成。） 2. while 与 when 的用法辨析 ①while 后接延续性动作（多用过去进行时）。 例：While he was reading, his sister was drawing. ②when 后接短暂性动作（多用一般过去时），或延续性动作（可与过去进行时连用）。 例：When the rain started, we were walking home. 3. 状态动词不用于进行时 表示 “拥有、认知、情感” 等的状态动词（如 have, know, like）一般不用于进行时，需用一般过去时。 例：He knew the answer yesterday.（不能说 was knowing） 六、专项训练题对应要点示例（结合文档题目） 选词填空第 1 题：While Lucy ______ in the pool... 解析：while 引导同时进行的动作，用过去进行时；Lucy 是第三人称单数，填was swimming。 单项选择第 11 题：My sister ______ a song when the doorbell rang. 解析：when 后是短暂动作（rang），主句用过去进行时，选C. was singing。 用所给词填空第 34 题：______ (be) your parents ______ (watch) TV at 8 last night? 解析：过去具体时间点，用一般疑问句结构；parents 是复数，填Were; watching。 · 语法练习 一、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其正确形式填空（每词限用一次） swim paint chat mend plant cook ride type shop practice 1. While Lucy ______ in the pool, her brother was playing on the beach. 2. My grandfather ______ his old radio from 2 to 4 p.m. yesterday. 3. They ______ flowers in the garden when a butterfly landed on the soil. 4. The secretary ______ a report when the manager walked into the office. 5. We ______ in the supermarket when we met our neighbor. 6. He ______ the piano at this time last Sunday. 7. The artist ______ a landscape when it started to rain. 8. She ______ her bike to school when I saw her this morning. 9. The students ______ with each other after class when the bell rang again. 10. My aunt ______ dumplings when we arrived at her house. 1. was swimming 句意：露西在泳池里游泳时，她弟弟正在沙滩上玩耍。 解析：while 引导的时间状语从句中，主从句均用过去进行时，"swim" 的过去进行时为 "was swimming"（Lucy 是第三人称单数）。 2. was mending 句意：昨天下午 2 点到 4 点，我爷爷正在修理他的旧收音机。 解析："from 2 to 4 p.m. yesterday" 是过去具体时间段，强调动作持续进行，"mend" 的过去进行时为 "was mending" （grandfather 是第三人称单数）。 3. were planting 句意：他们正在花园里种花时，一只蝴蝶落在了泥土上。 解析：when 引导的时间状语从句中，主句用过去进行时，"plant" 的过去进行时为 "were planting"（they 是复数）。 4. was typing 句意：经理走进办公室时，秘书正在打一份报告。 解析：when 引导的时间状语从句中，主句用过去进行时，"type" 的过去进行时为 "was typing"（secretary 是第 三人称单数）。 5. were shopping 句意：我们在超市购物时遇到了邻居。 解析：when 引导的时间状语从句中，主句用过去进行时，"shop" 的过去进行时为 "were shopping"（we 是复数）。 6. was practicing 句意：上周日这个时候，他正在练习钢琴。 解析："at this time last Sunday" 是过去具体时间点，强调动作正在进行，"practice" 的过去进行时为 "was practicing" （he 是第三人称单数）。 7. was painting 句意：艺术家正在画一幅风景画时，天开始下雨了。 解析：when 引导的时间状语从句中，主句用过去进行时，"paint" 的过去进行时为 "was painting"（artist 是第三人 称单数）。 8. was riding 句意：今天早上我看到她时，她正在骑自行车上学。 解析：when 引导的时间状语从句中，主句用过去进行时，"ride" 的过去进行时为 "was riding"（she 是第三人称单 数）。 9. were chatting 句意：学生们课后正在互相聊天时，铃声又响了。 解析：when 引导的时间状语从句中，主句用过去进行时，"chat" 的过去进行时为 "were chatting"（students 是复数）。 10. was cooking 句意：我们到她家时，我阿姨正在包饺子。 解析：when 引导的时间状语从句中，主句用过去进行时，"cook" 的过去进行时为 "was cooking"（aunt 是第三人 称单数）。 二、单项选择 11. My sister ______ a song when the doorbell rang. A. sings B. sang C. was singing D. is singing 12. While Tom ______ basketball, his brother was doing homework. A. play B. played C. plays D. was playing 13. What ______ you ______ at 7 p.m. last night? A. do; do B. did; do C. were; doing D. are; doing 14. The students ______ loudly when the teacher came in. A. talk B. talked C. are talking D. were talking 15. I ______ to the radio while my mother was cooking. A. listen B. listened C. was listening D. am listening 16. ______ it ______ when you left home this morning? A. Did; rain B. Was; raining C. Does; rain D. Is; raining 17. My father ______ the car when I got up yesterday. A. wash B. washed C. was washing D. is washing 18. They ______ a movie at this time last Saturday. A. watch B. watched C. were watching D. are watching 19. When the phone rang, I ______ dinner with my family. A. have B. had C. was having D. am having 20. Lucy ______ her room while Lily was reading a book. A. clean B. cleaned C. was cleaning D. cleans 21. The children ______ happily in the park when it started to rain. A. play B. played C. were playing D. are playing 22. What ______ your brother ______ when the fire alarm went off? A. do; do B. did; do C. was; doing D. is; doing 23. I ______ an email to my friend at 9 last night. A. write B. wrote C. was writing D. am writing 24. While my parents ______ TV, I was doing my homework. A. watch B. watched C. were watching D. are watching 25. ______ your sister ______ in the library at 3 p.m. yesterday? A. Did; study B. Was; studying C. Does; study D. Is; studying 26. The dog ______ loudly when a stranger passed by. A. bark B. barked C. was barking D. barks 27. When I saw him, he ______ with his friends. A. talk B. talked C. was talking D. talks 28. My brother ______ computer games all afternoon last Sunday. A. play B. played C. were playing D. was playing 29. While Mary ______ to music, her brother was drawing. A. listen B. listened C. was listening D. listens 30. The workers ______ the road when the accident happened. A. repair B. repaired C. were repairing D. are repairing 11. C 句意：门铃响时，我妹妹正在唱歌。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（rang），主句用过去进行时，选 "was singing"。 12. D 句意：汤姆打篮球时，他弟弟正在做作业。 解析：while 引导的主从句均用过去进行时，"play" 的过去进行时为 "was playing"（Tom 是第三人称单数）。 13. C 句意：昨晚 7 点你在做什么？ 解析："at 7 p.m. last night" 是过去具体时间点，用过去进行时提问，结构为 "were + 主语 + doing"。 14. D 句意：老师进来时，学生们正在大声说话。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（came），主句用过去进行时，选 "were talking"。 15. C 句意：我妈妈做饭时，我正在听收音机。 解析：while 引导的从句用过去进行时（was cooking），主句也用过去进行时，选 "was listening"。 16. B 句意：今天早上你离开家时，天在下雨吗？ 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（left），主句用过去进行时提问，结构为 "Was + 主语 + doing"。 17. C 句意：昨天我起床时，爸爸正在洗车。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（got up），主句用过去进行时，选 "was washing"。 18. C 句意：上周六这个时候，他们正在看电影。 解析："at this time last Saturday" 是过去具体时间点，用过去进行时，选 "were watching"。 19. C 句意：电话响时，我正在和家人吃晚饭。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（rang），主句用过去进行时，选 "was having"。 20. C 句意：莉莉看书时，露西正在打扫房间。 解析：while 引导的从句用过去进行时（was reading），主句也用过去进行时，选 "was cleaning"。 21. C 句意：孩子们正在公园里开心地玩耍时，天开始下雨了。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（started），主句用过去进行时，选 "were playing"。 22. C 句意：火警响起时，你弟弟在做什么？ 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（went off），主句用过去进行时提问，选 "was; doing"。 23. C 句意：昨晚 9 点，我正在给朋友写邮件。 解析："at 9 last night" 是过去具体时间点，用过去进行时，选 "was writing"。 24. C 句意：我父母看电视时，我正在做作业。 解析：while 引导的从句用过去进行时（were watching），主句也用过去进行时，选 "were watching"。 25. B 句意：昨天下午 3 点，你妹妹在图书馆学习吗？ 解析："at 3 p.m. yesterday" 是过去具体时间点，用过去进行时提问，选 "Was; studying"。 26. C 句意：一个陌生人经过时，狗正在大声叫。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（passed），主句用过去进行时，选 "was barking"。 27. C 句意：我看到他时，他正在和朋友们说话。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（saw），主句用过去进行时，选 "was talking"。 28. D 句意：上周日整个下午，我弟弟都在玩电脑游戏。 解析："all afternoon last Sunday" 是过去持续时间段，用过去进行时，选 "was playing"（brother 是第三人称单数）。 29. C 句意：玛丽听音乐时，她弟弟正在画画。 解析：while 引导的从句用过去进行时（was listening），主句也用过去进行时，选 "was listening"。 30. C 句意：事故发生时，工人们正在修路。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（happened），主句用过去进行时，选 "were repairing"。 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 31. He ______ (read) a newspaper when the phone rang. 32. They ______ (not play) football at 4 p.m. yesterday. They were swimming. 33. While I ______ (walk) in the park, I met an old friend. 34. ______ (be) your parents ______ (watch) TV at 8 last night? 35. The students ______ (have) a class when the fire alarm went off. 36. She ______ (always forget) her keys when she was in Grade 7. 37. What ______ your sister ______ (do) when you got home yesterday? 38. My father ______ (fix) his bike from 2 to 5 p.m. last Saturday. 39. The baby ______ (cry) because she was hungry. 40. We ______ (not study) English at this time last Monday. We were having a P.E. class. 41. While Tom ______ (eat) dinner, his little sister was playing with toys. 42. The teacher ______ (teach) us grammar when the bell rang. 43. They ______ (plan) a trip to the beach when I visited them. 44. ______ you ______ (wait) for the bus at 6 o'clock yesterday morning? 45. She ______ (dance) at the party when she hurt her leg. 46. My mother ______ (cook) breakfast while my father was shaving. 47. The birds ______ (sing) in the tree when I passed by. 48. He ______ (not sleep) at 11 p.m. last night. He was reading a novel. 49. While the rain ______ (fall), we were staying at home. 50. The boys ______ (play) basketball on the playground when the teacher came. 31. was reading 句意：电话响时，他正在看报纸。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（rang），主句用过去进行时，"read" 的过去进行时为 "was reading"。 32. were not playing 句意：昨天下午 4 点他们没在踢足球，他们在游泳。 解析："at 4 p.m. yesterday" 是过去时间点，否定句用 "were not + doing"。 33. was walking 句意：我在公园散步时，遇到了一位老朋友。 解析：while 引导的从句用过去进行时，"walk" 的过去进行时为 "was walking"（I 是第一人称单数）。 34. were; watching 句意：昨晚 8 点你父母在看电视吗？ 解析："at 8 last night" 是过去时间点，疑问句将 "were" 提前，后接 "watching"。 35. were having 句意：火警响起时，学生们正在上课。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（went off），主句用过去进行时，"have" 的过去进行时为 "were having"。 36. was always forgetting 句意：她七年级时总是忘带钥匙。 解析：过去进行时与 "always" 连用，强调过去反复的动作，"forget" 的过去进行时为 "was always forgetting"。 37. was; doing 句意：你昨天到家时，你妹妹在做什么？ 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（got home），主句用过去进行时提问，结构为 "was + 主语 + doing"。 38. was fixing 句意：上周六下午 2 点到 5 点，我爸爸正在修他的自行车。 解析："from 2 to 5 p.m. last Saturday" 是过去时间段，用过去进行时，"fix" 的过去进行时为 "was fixing"。 39. was crying 句意：宝宝因为饿了而哭。 解析：描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，"cry" 的过去进行时为 "was crying"。 40. were not studying 句意：上周一这个时候我们没在学英语，我们在上体育课。 解析："at this time last Monday" 是过去时间点，否定句用 "were not + doing"。 41. was eating 句意：汤姆吃晚饭时，他的小妹妹正在玩玩具。 解析：while 引导的从句用过去进行时，"eat" 的过去进行时为 "was eating"（Tom 是第三人称单数）。 42. was teaching 句意：铃声响时，老师正在教我们语法。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（rang），主句用过去进行时，"teach" 的过去进行时为 "was teaching"。 43. were planning 句意：我拜访他们时，他们正在计划去海滩的旅行。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（visited），主句用过去进行时，"plan" 的过去进行时为 "were planning"。 44. Were; waiting 句意：昨天早上 6 点你在等公交车吗？ 解析："at 6 o'clock yesterday morning" 是过去时间点，疑问句将 "were" 提前，后接 "waiting"。 45. was dancing 句意：她在派对上跳舞时伤到了腿。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（hurt），主句用过去进行时，"dance" 的过去进行时为 "was dancing"。 46. was cooking 句意：我爸爸刮胡子时，我妈妈正在做早餐。 解析：while 引导的从句用过去进行时（was shaving），主句也用过去进行时，"cook" 的过去进行时为 "was cooking"。 47. were singing 句意：我路过时，鸟儿正在树上唱歌。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（passed），主句用过去进行时，"sing" 的过去进行时为 "were singing"（birds 是复数）。 48. was not sleeping 句意：昨晚 11 点他没在睡觉，他在看小说。 解析："at 11 p.m. last night" 是过去时间点，否定句用 "was not + doing"。 49. was falling 句意：下雨时，我们正待在家里。 解析：while 引导的从句用过去进行时，"fall" 的过去进行时为 "was falling"（rain 是不可数名词）。 50. were playing 句意：老师来时，男孩们正在操场上打篮球。 解析：when 引导的从句用一般过去时（came），主句用过去进行时，"play" 的过去进行时为 "were playing"。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$