摘要:
该初中英语知识清单围绕Unit 3阅读文本“Four Brothers”,系统梳理核心词汇(top, quiet, notice等)和句式结构(whoever引导的宾语从句)。从词汇多词性解析(名、形、动用法)、固定搭配到同义短语拓展,再到句式主干与从句结构分析,构建从基础理解到综合运用的学习支架。
资料以“词义-用法-搭配-例句-练习”逻辑链串联知识,通过情境化例句强化语言能力,借助句式结构分析提升思维品质。即学即练习题覆盖词汇填空、句式转换等,即时巩固学习效果,体现“精讲多练”的学科特色学习方法。
内容正文:
Unit 3 Reading Plus
Four Brothers知识点精讲精练
重点词汇解析
1. At the top of that tree, there are five eggs in a nest.
在那棵树的顶端,有一个窝里有五个蛋。
top 的词义及用法
作名词
表示 “顶部;顶端”(具体位置)
The cat is sitting on the top of the roof.(猫坐在屋顶上。)
表示 “(排名)首位;最高水平”
She is at the top of her class in math.(她的数学在班上名列前茅。)
表示 “盖子;瓶塞”(容器的顶部部件):
Can you open the top of this bottle?(你能打开这个瓶子的盖子吗?)
作形容词
表示 “最高的;顶端的”:
We live on the top floor of the building.(我们住在这栋楼的顶层。)
表示 “最优秀的;顶尖的”:
He is a top student in our school.(他是我们学校的优等生。)
作动词
表示 “居…… 之首;领先”:
Her new song topped the music chart.(她的新歌登上了音乐排行榜榜首。)
表示 “超过;胜过”:
He topped his previous record in the race.(他在比赛中打破了自己之前的纪录。)
常用搭配:
on top of:在…… 之上;除…… 之外
Put the book on top of the desk.(把书放在桌子上。)
On top of homework, I have to clean my room.(除了作业,我还得打扫房间。)
at the top of:在…… 顶端;以最高的(速度 / 音量等)
He shouted at the top of his voice.(他用最大的声音喊叫。)
from top to bottom:从头到尾;彻底地
例句:She cleaned the house from top to bottom.(她把房子彻底打扫了一遍。)
即学即练:
练习题(用 “top” 或其搭配填空)
1. The hotel is located _______ _______ _______ _____ the hill.(在山顶)
2. He is always ______ ______ _______ _____the list of winners.(在榜首)
3. She cleaned her bedroom _______ _______ _______ _______(彻底地).
4. This is a _______(top)restaurant in the city—everyone loves it.
2. He climbed up, took the eggs quietly, and then put them back. The bird never noticed it.
他爬上去,悄悄地拿起鸡蛋,然后又放回去。鸟儿没有注意到它。
quiet的词义及用法
作形容词
描述环境 “安静的”:
The library is always quiet.(图书馆总是很安静。)
描述人 “文静的;不说话的”:
She is a quiet girl who likes reading.(她是个喜欢读书的文静女孩。)
描述动作 “轻声的”:
Please keep quiet in the cinema.(电影院里请保持安静。)
作名词
表示 “安静的状态”:
I enjoy the quiet of the countryside.(我喜欢乡村的宁静。)
副词:quietly(安静地;轻声地)
例句:He walked quietly into the room.(他轻声走进房间。)
固定搭配:
keep quiet:保持安静
例句:The teacher asked the class to keep quiet.(老师让全班保持安静。)
即学即练:
1. Please keep _______(quiet)in the library.
2. She speaks _______(quiet)so no one can hear her.
3. The _______(quiet)of the night made me think.
4. It’s a _______(quiet)street with few cars.
5. They sat _______(quiet)and listened to the music.
notice的词义及用法
(1)作动词
后接宾语(名词 / 代词):
例句:I noticed a strange man outside the door.(我注意到门外有个陌生男人。)
后接宾语从句:
例句:She noticed that he was upset.(她察觉到他很沮丧。)
固定搭配:notice sb doing sth(注意到某人正在做某事)
例句:I noticed her crying in the corner.(我注意到她在角落里哭。)
(2)作名词
表示 “通知;布告”:
例句:There’s a notice about the school trip on the wall.(墙上有一则关于学校旅行的通知。)
表示 “注意”:
例句:He took no notice of my advice.(他没理会我的建议。)
形容词:noticeable(显而易见的;明显的)
There’s a noticeable change in her attitude.(她的态度有明显变化。)
固定短语:
take notice of:注意到;理会
例句:You should take notice of the safety rules.(你应该注意安全规则。)
即学即练:
1. I _______(notice)a cat sitting on the windowsill yesterday.
2. There’s a _______(notice)about the exam on the board.
3. Did you _______(notice)her _______(leave)the room?
4. He took no _______(notice)of the warning.
5. She _______(notice)that he _______(read)a book when she came in.
3. In no time, the leaf was as good as new.
很快,叶子就像新的一样了。
in no time的词义及用法
“in no time” 是介词短语,意为 “立刻;马上;很快”
The doctor will be here in no time.(医生马上就到。)
In no time, the room was filled with laughter.(很快,房间里就充满了笑声。)
常与动作性动词(如 “finish, arrive, repair” 等)连用,说明动作完成的速度。
He finished the work in no time.(他很快就完成了工作。)
The broken bike will be fixed in no time.(这辆坏自行车很快就能修好。)
同义短语拓展:
right away:立刻;马上
Please come right away.(请马上过来。)
at once:立即;同时
He stopped talking at once.(他立刻停止了说话。)
in a moment:一会儿;立刻
I’ll be back in a moment.(我一会儿就回来。)
时态搭配:
一般将来时:表示 “即将很快发生”
例句:We’ll be home in no time.(我们很快就到家了。)
一般过去时:表示 “过去很快发生”
例句:The fire was put out in no time.(火很快就被扑灭了。)
即学即练:
1. The medicine will make you feel better _______ _______ _______.
2. _______ _______ _______, we finished decorating the classroom for the party.
3. If you follow the instructions, you can solve the problem _______ _______ _______.
4. The chef cooked the meal _______ _______ _______—it was ready in five minutes.
5. She said she would be here _______ _______ _______, so let’s wait a little longer.
与 time 相关的常考短语及用法
on time
含义:准时;按时(强调按规定时间做某事,不早不晚)
用法:作状语,可位于句首、句中或句末。
The train arrived on time.(火车准时到达。)
Please hand in your homework on time.(请按时交作业。)
in time
含义:及时(强调在某事发生前赶到,避免不良后果)
用法:作状语,常与 “for + 名词” 或 “to do sth” 搭配。
We arrived in time for the meeting.(我们及时赶上了会议。)
He ran fast and caught the bus in time.(他跑得很快,及时赶上了公交车。)
at the same time
含义:同时;然而(表示两个动作同时发生,或转折)
用法:作状语,位置灵活,表转折时语气较弱。
They laughed and cried at the same time.(他们又哭又笑。)
She is kind, but at the same time, she is strict.(她很善良,然而也很严格。)
all the time
含义:一直;始终(强调动作持续发生)
用法:作状语,多位于句末。
The baby cries all the time.(宝宝一直在哭。)
He practices playing the piano all the time.(他一直在练习弹钢琴。)
from time to time
含义:偶尔;有时(强调动作不定期发生)
用法:作状语,位置灵活。
We go hiking from time to time.(我们偶尔去远足。)
He visits his grandparents from time to time.(他有时去看望祖父母。)at times
含义:有时;偶尔(与 “from time to time” 同义)
用法:作状语,多位于句首或句末。
At times, I feel lonely.(有时,我感到孤独。)
She makes mistakes at times.(她偶尔会犯错。)
即学即练:练习题(用上述短语填空)
1. Please be here _______ _______—the meeting starts at 9 a.m.
2. She studies hard _______ _______ _______, so she always gets good grades.
3. We need to leave early to arrive _______ _______ for the concert.
4. He likes reading, and _______ _______ _______, he writes stories.
5. They were singing and dancing _______ _______ _______ _______.
6. The king said whoever brought the princess back could marry her.
国王说,谁把公主带回来,谁就可以娶她。
句式结构分析
主干结构(主谓宾)
主语:The king(国王,动作的发出者)
谓语:said(say 的过去式,“说”,及物动词,后接宾语从句)
宾语从句:whoever brought the princess back could marry her(整个从句作 said 的宾语)
宾语从句的内部结构
宾语从句中包含一个主语从句,整体是 “主语从句 + 谓语 + 宾语” 结构:
主语从句:whoever brought the princess back(“无论谁把公主带回来”,whoever 在从句中作主语)
解析:whoever是连接代词,相当于 “anyone who”
谓语:could marry
宾语:her(宾格代词,指代 the princess,作 marry 的宾语)
例句拓展(同类句式)
She told me whoever finished the work first would get a prize.(她告诉我,无论谁先完成工作都会得到奖品。)
The teacher said whoever made mistakes should correct them.(老师说,无论谁犯了错都应该改正。)
即学即练:
1. My mother said _______(whoever/whomever)cleaned the room could get a candy.
2. He told us _______(whoever/whatever)happened, he would stand by us.
3. She said _______(bring)the book back tomorrow could borrow another one.
4. The boss said _______ failed the test _______(have to)try again.
marry的词义及用法
表示 “与某人结婚”:marry sb(无需加介词 “with”)。
She married a doctor last year.(她去年嫁给了一位医生。)
He will marry his girlfriend next month.(他下个月要和女友结婚。)
表示 “为某人主持婚礼”:marry sb to sb(较正式,意为 “把某人嫁给某人”)。
The priest married them in the church.(牧师在教堂为他们主持了婚礼。)
常见搭配与短语
get married:结婚(强调动作,不可与时间段连用)。
They got married in 2010.(他们 2010 年结的婚。)
be married:已婚(强调状态,可与时间段连用,需加介词 “for”)。
They have been married for 10 years.(他们结婚 10 年了。)
变形及词性拓展
过去式 / 过去分词:married(规则变化)。
形容词:married(已婚的);unmarried(未婚的)。
Her married life is happy.(她的婚姻生活很幸福。)
名词:marriage(婚姻);married couple(已婚夫妇)。
Their marriage lasted 50 years.(他们的婚姻持续了 50 年。)
My parents married in 1995.(我父母 1995 年结的婚。)
When did they get married?(他们什么时候结婚的?)
They have been married for 20 years.(他们结婚 20 年了。)
She wants to marry a kind man.(她想嫁给一个善良的人。)
即学即练:
1. She _______(marry)Tom when she was 25.
2. They _______ _______(结婚)last summer.
3. How long have they _______ _______(已婚)?
4. He doesn’t want to _______(marry)too early.
5. _______(marry)life is different from single life.
7. I may hurt the princess if I shoot the dragon.
如果我射杀龙,我可能会伤到公主。
hurt的词义及用法
作动词
表示身体伤害:
He hurt his leg while playing football.(他踢足球时伤了腿。)
表示情感伤害:
Her words hurt me deeply.(她的话深深伤害了我。)
不及物动词(表 “疼痛”):
My head hurts badly.(我头疼得厉害。)
作形容词
仅作表语,描述 “受伤的” 或 “疼痛的” 状态:
例句:He was hurt in the accident.(他在事故中受了伤。)
例句:My arm is still hurt.(我的胳膊还疼。)
固定搭配:
get hurt:受伤
例句:Be careful, or you’ll get hurt.(小心点,不然你会受伤的。)
hurt oneself:伤到自己
例句:She hurt herself when cutting vegetables.(她切菜时伤到了自己。)
即学即练:
1. She _______(hurt)her ankle when she fell down.
2. His words _______(hurt)my feelings yesterday.
3. My leg still _______(hurt)—I can’t walk fast.
4. Be careful not to _______(hurt)the little cat.
5. Many people _______(hurt)in the car accident last week.
shoot的词义及用法
(1)作动词
表示 “射击”:
例句:The hunter shot a deer.(猎人射中了一只鹿。)
表示 “发射(子弹、箭等)”:
例句:He shot an arrow at the target.(他向靶子射了一箭。)
表示 “拍摄(照片 / 电影)”:
例句:They are shooting a movie in the park.(他们正在公园里拍电影。)
(2)作名词
表示 “射击” 或 “嫩芽”:
例句:He fired three shots.(他开了三枪。)(shot 为 shoot 的名词形式)
固定搭配:
shoot at:向…… 射击(强调动作,不一定射中)
例句:He shot at the bird, but missed.(他向鸟射击,但没射中。)
shoot down:击落;击毙
例句:The soldier shot down the enemy plane.(士兵击落了敌机。)
即学即练:
1. The photographer _______(shoot)some beautiful photos of the sunset.
2. He _______(shoot)at the tiger, but it ran away.
3. They are _______(shoot)a documentary in the village.
4. The arrow _______(shoot)by him hit the center of the target.
5. He practiced _______(shoot)every day to win the competition.
8. He moved as quietly as a mouse and quickly freed the princess.
他像老鼠一样安静地移动着,很快地把公主救了出来。
free的词义及用法
(1)作形容词
表示 “自由的;不受约束的”:
例句:The birds in the sky are free.(天空中的鸟儿是自由的。)
表示 “空闲的;有空的”:
例句:Are you free this weekend?(你这周末有空吗?)
表示 “免费的”:
例句:The museum offers free entry on Sundays.(这家博物馆周日免费开放。)
表示 “无…… 的;不含…… 的”(后接介词 of):
例句:This drink is free of sugar.(这种饮料不含糖。)
(2)作动词
表示 “释放;解放”:
例句:The prisoners were freed after the war.(战后囚犯们被释放了。)表示 “解除(负担、限制等)”:
例句:He freed himself from debt.(他摆脱了债务。)
变形及搭配
副词:freely(自由地;随意地)
例句:She can speak English freely.(她能流利地说英语。)
名词:freedom(自由)
例句:We all have the right to freedom.(我们都有自由的权利。)
固定搭配:
for free:免费地
例句:You can get a ticket for free.(你可以免费得到一张票。)
be free to do sth:自由地做某事
例句:Children are free to play in the park.(孩子们可以在公园里自由玩耍。)
set free:释放;解放
The dog was set free from the cage.(狗被从笼子里放了出来。)
即学即练:
1. The park is _______(free)to enter—you don’t need to pay.
2. Are you _______(free)to help me with my homework this evening?
3. He was _______(free)from the company after working there for 10 years.
4. The children laughed and ran _______(free)in the field.
5. We received two tickets _______ _______(免费)from the hotel.
9. Instead, I give half of my kingdom to you as a reward.
相反,我把我的一半王国给你们作为回报。
reward的词义及用法
(1)作名词
表示 “奖励;报酬”(可数或不可数):
例句:The winner received a cash reward.(获胜者得到了现金奖励。)
例句:He worked hard without expecting any reward.(他努力工作,不期待任何回报。)
固定搭配:as a reward for(作为对…… 的奖励)
例句:She got a new bike as a reward for her good grades.(她因成绩好得到了一辆新自行车作为奖励。)
(2)作动词
•表示 “奖励;奖赏”,后接人或行为,常用搭配reward sb for sth/doing sth:
例句:The company rewarded him for his hard work.(公司因他工作努力而奖励了他。)
形容词:rewarding(有回报的;值得的)
例句:Teaching is a rewarding job.(教学是一份有回报的工作。)
固定短语:
in reward:作为奖励
例句:He got a promotion in reward for his dedication.(他因敬业而获得了晋升。)
reward oneself with sth:用某物犒劳自己
例句:She rewarded herself with a vacation after finishing the project.(完成项目后,她用一次假期犒劳自己。)
即学即练:
1.The kind man received a _______(reward)for returning the lost wallet.
2.The company _______(reward)its employees with a bonus every year.
3.Teaching children is a _______(reward)job.
4.She _______(reward)her son for finishing his homework on time.
10. The brothers were pleased. It was much better to share than to fight.
兄弟们很高兴。分享比争斗好得多。
pleased的词义及用法
形容词:意为 “高兴的;满意的”,仅作表语,主语通常是人,强调因某事而感到愉悦。
后接介词with(对…… 满意):
例句:She is pleased with her new dress.(她对自己的新裙子很满意。)
后接介词at/about(因…… 而高兴):
例句:We are pleased at the good news.(我们因这个好消息而高兴。)
后接不定式to do sth(很高兴做某事):
例句:I’m pleased to meet you.(很高兴见到你。)
后接从句that(对…… 感到高兴):
例句:He was pleased that his plan worked.(他很高兴自己的计划成功了。)
变形及搭配
动词:please(使高兴;请)
例句:Her smile pleased everyone.(她的微笑让所有人都很高兴。)
名词:pleasure(愉快;乐趣)
例句:It’s a pleasure to work with you.(和你一起工作很愉快。)
固定短语:
with pleasure:乐意效劳(用于回应请求)
例句:—Can you help me? —With pleasure.(— 你能帮我吗?— 乐意效劳。)
即学即练:
1.We are _______(pleased)about the success of the event.
2.She was _______(pleased)to see her old friend again.
3.It’s a _______(please)to work with such a team.
4.The teacher is _______(pleased)with our hard work.
5.His parents looked _______(pleased)when they heard the news.
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