选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 Breaking boundaries-【高中必刷题】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修1+2同步课件（外研版）

英语 选择性必修 第二册 WY 1 选择性必修第二册 Unit 4 Breaking boundaries 2 01 Period I Starting out & Understanding ideas Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar 3 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Another theory was that cholera was caused by an _________ （infect） from germs in food or water. infection 解析 句意为：另一种理论认为霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。设空处作by的宾语，其前有不定冠词an修饰，应用名词单数。故填infection。 2.We have many great instrumentalists （乐器演奏者）, who have skill and technique, as well as passion and _________ （devote）. ［China Daily］ devotion 解析 句意为：我们有很多伟大的乐器演奏者，他们有技法，也有激情和奉献精神。设空处作have的宾语，与passion之间是并列关系，应用devote的名词形式。故填devotion。 3.Despite being in the _________ （minor）, they fought bravely for their own rights. minority 解析 句意为：尽管处于少数派，他们仍勇敢地为自己的权利而斗争。be in a/the minority意为“占少数”，为固定搭配。故填minority。 刷单句填空 4 4.This ________ （tragic） cast a shadow on their lives, making them gloomy and depressed. tragedy 解析 句意为：这一悲剧给他们的生活投下了阴影，使他们郁郁寡欢。设空处作主语，其前有This修饰，应用名词单数。故填tragedy。 5.According to many __________ （specialise）, our bodies send out more messages than we realise. specialists 解析 句意为：根据很多专家所说，我们的身体发出的信息比我们意识到的多。设空处作短语介词According to的宾语，应用名词，其前有many修饰，应用复数形式。故填specialists。 6.The guide assisted the tourists ___ exploring the ancient ruins, explaining the history and significance of each site. in 解析 句意为：导游帮助游客探索古代遗迹，讲解每个遗址的历史和意义。此处为固定搭配assist sb in doing sth，意为“帮助某人做某事”。故填in。 刷单句填空 5 7.Visitors are often amazed _______ （find） themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms. to find 解析 句意为：游客经常会惊奇地发现自己身处一座如此真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中。be amazed to find意为“惊奇地发现”，为固定搭配。 8.This was the second time international sporting events __________________ （broadcast） live in this remote mountain village. had been broadcast 解析 句意为：这是国际体育赛事第二次在这个偏远的山村进行现场直播。固定句型this was the second time （that）… 意为“这是第二次……”，从句应用过去完成时；broadcast与international sporting events之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填had been broadcast。 刷单句填空 6 9.The visual images and wonderful handicrafts are not only a good reflection of deep traditional Chinese culture, ____ a wonderful artwork used as decorations. but 解析 句意为：视觉形象和令人惊叹的手工艺品不仅很好地反映了深厚的中国传统文化，也是用作装饰的绝妙艺术品。not only… but （also）… 意为“不仅……而且……”，为固定短语。故填but。 10.It’s necessary for you ________ （lock） the car when you do not use it. to lock 解析 句意为：当你不用汽车的时候，有必要把它锁起来。此处为“it is+adj.+for sb+to do sth”句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”。故填to lock。 刷单句填空 7 根据提示补全句子。 1.青少年的睡眠越来越少，这使他们有身心健康问题的风险更高。（at risk） Teenagers get less and less sleep, putting them ___ _______ _____ ___ physical and mental health problems. at higher risk of 解析 put… at risk 是固定搭配，为呼应前面的比较级，且表示“风险更高”，此处应用high的比较级形式。 刷单句表达 8 2.学习使用这些软件程序是至关重要的，它们可以帮助你进行收集和评估。（vital） ___ ___ _____ ___ ______ to use these software programs, both of which can help you with collection and evaluation. It is vital to learn 3.当他接手公司时，他必须接替他爸爸的位置。（step into one’s shoes） When he inherited the business, he had to _____ _____ ____ ________ ______. 4.越来越多的人参与生态旅游。（involved） There is an increasing number of people who ______________ _________ _______ ecotourism. 5.很高兴能就选择专业给你提一些建议。（形式主语it） ___ ___ ___ ______ ________ ___ give you some suggestions about choosing your major. step into his father’s shoes get/become/are involved in/with It is a great pleasure to 刷单句表达 9 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I saw the tragic scenes on the news, as a doctor, I felt 1.___ was my duty to go to Liberia with MSF, a non-profit organisation whose mission is to provide medical care to those 2.________ （need） assistance. As Ebola 3.______ （break） out in Liberia, both patients and doctors were in great need of help. My mission was to take 4._____ Emma’s post. Emma is a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases, who 5._____ （be） at the end of her posting. There, I also got to know Wilton, Maisy, Alfonso, and many others.6._____________________ from different continents, we gathered in one team with a common belief. We have worked together 7.________ （fight） against Ebola, and will never give up on a patient. We 8.______________ （surround） by blood, vomit and death often, but miracles of life do sometimes flash into our work. These small but unexpected successes make up 9.____ many other less fortunate cases. We feel quite relieved. it needing broke over was Though/Although/While to fight are surrounded for 刷课文改编填空 10 Such a mission with MSF establishes bonds between people. And it is really inspiring to work together with the colleagues in a common cause. We will work together to create a 10.________ （peace） and prosperous global community. peaceful 刷课文改编填空 1.___ it 解析 设空处在felt后的宾语从句中作形式主语，不定式短语to go to Liberia with MSF为从句真正的主语。 2.________ needing 解析 此处作后置定语，修饰those，表示“需要帮助的人”，those与need之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。 3.______ broke 解析 “埃博拉”病毒暴发是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。 4._____ over 解析 take over意为“接管”。 刷课文改编填空 12 5._____ was 解析 根据前文可知，定语从句的关系词who指代Emma，设空处在从句中作系动词，应用单数形式；此处描述发生在过去的事，应用一般过去时。 6._____________________ Though/Although/While 解析 根据语境可知，此处意为“尽管”，表示让步；分析句子结构可知，此处为让步状语从句的省略结构，省略了从句中和主句相同的主语和be动词。 7.________ to fight 解析 此处应用不定式短语作目的状语。 8.______________ 9.____ are surrounded for 解析 make up for为固定搭配，意为“弥补；补偿”。 10.________ peaceful 解析 设空处与形容词prosperous并列作定语，修饰名词短语global community，应用形容词。 刷课文改编填空 13 ［河南郑州2024高二联考］阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 City Stories From Streets of Inspiration Wahed Ahmadzai has lived in Beijing’s Chaoyang District for over 10 years. The man from Afghanistan who built his career in China in his 1.________ （twenty） usually starts his day with a morning run along the Liangma River. After the morning routine, he goes to Sanlitun, a famous place 2._______ he runs his business. The daily moments of Ahmadzai made their way into a short video recently that 3.______ （stand） out at the 100 Reasons to Love Beijing short video competition in the previous activity. The event 4._______ （host） by the Information Office of the People’s Government of Beijing Municipality has been held annually since 2020. twenties where stood hosted 刷语法填空 14 “100 Reasons to Love Beijing is not just a short video competition but a platform for 5.________ （share） stories,” says Xu Hejian, 6.________ （direct） of the Beijing Information Office. At the awards ceremony, Xu was touched by the participants’ works, ranging from a Swedish artist who dreamed of coming back to Beijing to learn about folk art 7.___ a Mexican woman who expressed her longing for Beijing in a performance of a Tang Dynasty poem. Surprisingly, 8.____ competition has attracted more than 3,000 participants from around the globe and nearly 5,000 short video entries since the first edition. In the future, more efforts will 9._________ （make） to adapt to the trends of mobile, social and visual international communication 10._______ （tell） the stories of the city better. sharing director to the be made to tell 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是一个在北京生活了10年多的阿富汗小伙子马赫的日常生活被制作成了一个短视频，在“爱上北京的100个理由”短视频比赛中脱颖而出的事情。 刷语法填空 15 1.________ twenties 解析 句意为：这名男子来自阿富汗，20多岁时在中国建立了职业生涯，他通常会沿着亮马河晨跑，开始一天的生活。in one’s twenties为固定表达，意为“在某人二十多岁的时候”，故填twenties。 2._______ where 解析 句意为：早上的例行锻炼结束后，他会去一个著名的地方——三里屯，他在那里做生意。设空处引导的是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词place是地方，因此设空处用关系副词where，在从句中作地点状语。 3.______ stood 解析 句意为：最近马赫的日常瞬间被制作成了一个短视频，在之前举办的“爱上北京的100个理由”短视频比赛中脱颖而出。由in the previous activity可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时；that指代先行词video，stand与从句主语that之间为主动关系，故填stood。 刷语法填空 16 4._______ hosted 解析 句意为：该活动由北京市人民政府新闻办公室主办，自2020年起每年举办一届。本句谓语是has been held，因此设空处要使用非谓语动词；event和host之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此设空处应用过去分词，故填hosted。 5.________ sharing 解析 句意为：“‘爱上北京的100个理由’不仅仅是一个短视频比赛，还是一个分享故事的平台。”北京市人民政府新闻办公室主任徐和建说。for是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，因此设空处填sharing。 6.________ director 解析 句意见上一题解析。此处作Xu Hejian的同位语，表示职位，故填director。 刷语法填空 17 7.___ to 解析 句意为：在颁奖典礼上，徐和建被参与者的作品打动了，这些参与者包括梦想回到北京学习民间艺术的瑞典艺术家以及在唐诗表演中表达对北京的渴望的墨西哥妇女等。range from… to… 意为“从……到……”，因此设空处填to。 8.____ the 解析 句意为：令人惊讶的是，自第一届以来，该比赛吸引了世界各地的3,000多名参与者，参赛作品有近5,000个短视频。根据语境可知，此处特指上文提到的短视频比赛，应用定冠词the表示特指。 刷语法填空 18 9._________ be made 解析 句意为：未来将更加努力适应移动化、社会化、视觉化的国际传播趋势，更好地讲述北京的故事。efforts和make之间是被动关系，因此此处用被动语态，will是情态动词，因此设空处用动词原形。故填be made。 10._______ to tell 解析 句意见上一题解析。根据句意，此处表示目的，故应用不定式作目的状语。故填to tell。 刷语法填空 19 01 Period I Starting out & Understanding ideas Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 20 A ［广东深圳名校2024高二联考］It takes Sanduk Ruit about five minutes to change someone’s life. The Nepalese doctor can make a small incision （切口） in his patient’s eye, remove the cataract （白内障） damaging the patient’s vision and replace it with an inexpensive artificial lens. He said, “Some of our younger doctors even do it faster than that.” In the past decades, Ruit has personally restored the sight of more than 100,000 people across Asia and Africa, and taught his rapid-fire technique to countless other eye doctors in parts of the world. His patients suffer from eye conditions that are mostly preventable.But because of poverty and limited access to public health services, they have been unable to seek treatment. Their stories are all too common in the developing world. Driven by a belief that the world’s poorest people deserve safe, affordable and high-quality eye care just as much as anyone else, Ruit has made it his mission to root out avoidable blindness. 刷阅读理解 21 In 1994, he joined the late Australian eye doctor Fred Hollows, who was his mentor and close friend, in establishing Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology—an eye hospital in Kathmandu devoted to providing world-class eye care for the people of Nepal. The hospital makes the state-of-the-art lens that is commonly used in treating cataracts or myopia, and exports it to more than 30 countries worldwide. For the patients who cannot reach urban areas, Ruit and his team conduct mobile eye camps in remote parts of Nepal and neighbouring countries. They often trek for days to those areas and clean out structures like tents, classrooms or even stables for use as temporary operating rooms. When the eyepatches （眼罩） come off the day after an operation, it’s an extremely moving moment for all relevant persons. Ruit said that he was so grateful that he could make a difference in so many people’s lives. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道的是尼泊尔医生桑达克·卢特致力于发展中国家眼疾患者的眼部护理，他把根除可避免的失明作为自己的使命。 刷阅读理解 22 1.What do we know about Ruit?( ) B A.He refused to do operations for the rich. B.He wasn’t mean with his excellent technique. C.He joined Fred Hollows in the 19th century. D.He restored more than a million people’s sight. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the past decades, Ruit has personally restored the sight of more than 100,000 people across Asia and Africa, and taught his rapid-fire technique to countless other eye doctors in parts of the world.”可知，卢特将自己的手术技术教给了世界其他地区的无数眼科医生，由此可知，卢特对自己精湛的手术技术一点都不吝啬。 刷阅读理解 23 2.What inspires Ruit to fight against avoidable blindness?( ) D A.Making a lot of money. B.Obtaining relevant data to write scientific papers. C.The desire to make his technique well-known. D.The idea that all sick people should get proper treatment. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，卢特受世界上最贫穷的人跟其他人一样，应得到安全、可付得起、高质量的眼部护理这一信念的驱使，将根除可避免的失明作为他的使命，因此是“所有病人应该得到合适的治疗”这一信念激励卢特与可避免的失明进行斗争。 刷阅读理解 24 3.Which of the following could best describe Ruit?( ) A A.Kind-hearted and responsible. B.Friendly and energetic. C.Open-minded and outgoing. D.Clever and brave. 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，卢特把根除可避免的失明作为自己的使命，由此可知，他是一位负责任的医生。根据最后一段中的“For the patients who cannot reach urban areas… They often trek for days to those areas and clean out structures like tents, classrooms or even stables for use as temporary operating rooms.”可知，卢特是一个好心肠的人。 刷阅读理解 25 4.In which section of a newspaper can we find the text?( ) D A.Science. B.Sports. C.Education. D.Figure. 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，文章在首段通过介绍卢特给患有眼疾的人做手术引出本文的话题，结合下文中对卢特的信念以及他如何帮助偏远地区的贫困患者的介绍可知，本文写的是一位无私的医生，因此可能出现在报纸的人物栏目中。 刷阅读理解 26 词汇加油站 核心词汇 1.preventable adj.可以预防的 2.root out根除 进阶词汇 trek vi.长途跋涉 刷阅读理解 27 B ［河北承德一中等校2025联考］At the “I AM Mbare” community school near Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe, over 30 children sat in neat rows in the small schoolyard. Their eyes were wide with curiosity as I unrolled my calligraphy work, displaying the Chinese characters “sheng sheng bu xi” as my encouragement for the kids to grow healthily. I read the words aloud and explained their meaning. I was touched as the children excitedly tried to imitate me, showing their interest in my calligraphy and the Chinese language. The small yard was filled with their enthusiasm. This happened during a field trip I took from July 1 to 9 as part of the Tsinghua University’s Global Competency Overseas Practice Course. The course sent four teams to various countries as part of a summer programme in 2024, and I was selected as a member of the team visiting Zimbabwe. This small-scale, in-depth course wants to help students to have a global vision, facilitating future people-to-people connections. 刷阅读理解 28 During my time in Zimbabwe, I was pleasantly surprised to discover that my calligraphy talents played a significant role in cultural exchanges. One of the highlights was a forum where we engaged in a series of activities with local artists. While my fellow team members sang Welcome to Beijing, I created four calligraphy pieces and presented these pieces on stage at the end of the song, receiving an enthusiastic response. In addition to my performance at the forum, I devoted time each evening to creating calligraphy tailored for the people we were to visit the next day. My efforts were well-received, as the Zimbabweans’ initial surprise at my calligraphy turned into delight, recognition, and gratitude after I explained the meanings to them. This assisted me in strengthening my ties with local people, giving me a profound sense of achievement. This experience in Zimbabwe has made me realise the power of art to bridge differences. These valuable connections will stay with me, inspiring me to continue sharing Chinese culture while remaining open to others. 刷阅读理解 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去津巴布韦参加的一次学校暑期活动，通过这项活动作者意识到了艺术在文化交流中的重要作用。 刷阅读理解 30 1.How did the author feel about the children’s reaction?( ) C A.Curious. B.Interested. C.Impressed. D.Grateful. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I was touched as the children excitedly tried to imitate me, showing their interest in my calligraphy and the Chinese language.”可知，孩子们兴奋地模仿着作者，并表现出对书法和中国语言的兴趣，这让作者很受触动，说明孩子们的反应给作者留下了深刻的印象。 刷阅读理解 31 2.What is one aim of the summer course?( ) C A.To develop students’ life skills. B.To connect with other universities. C.To help students obtain a global vision. D.To do voluntary work in poor countries. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This small-scale, in-depth course wants to help students to have a global vision, facilitating future people-to-people connections.”可知，课程的目的之一是培养学生们的国际视野并促进未来各国人民之间的交流。 刷阅读理解 32 3.What greatly helped deepen the relationship between the author and the Zimbabweans?( ) D A.Chinese songs. B.Teaching experience. C.A sense of achievement. D.Chinese calligraphy. 解析 细节理解题。根据第五段内容，尤其是其中的“My efforts were well-received… turned into delight, recognition, and gratitude… strengthening my ties with local people”可知，作者每天晚上都会花时间为第二天要拜访的人定制书法作品，最后作者的作品也得到了当地人的积极反馈，这帮助加强了作者和当地人之间的联系。由此可知，是中国书法帮助深化了作者和津巴布韦人之间的联系。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 33 4.What might be the author’s intention to write the text?( ) A A.To share an unforgettable experience. B.To call on people to care for children. C.To stress the importance of international help. D.To introduce a programme of Tsinghua University. 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段“This experience in Zimbabwe has made me realise the power of art to bridge differences… while remaining open to others.”以及上文内容可知，本文讲述了作者去津巴布韦参加学校暑期活动的难忘经历，包括与孩子们的互动以及在一场交流活动中通过书法表演获得热烈的反响的经历，这让作者体会到了艺术在跨文化交流中的力量，由此可知，作者写这篇文章可能是想分享她的一次经历。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 34 词汇加油站 核心词汇 1.facilitate vt.促进；使便利 2.highlight n.最好（或最精彩、最激动人心）的部分 vt.突出，强调 进阶词汇 imitate vt.模仿 熟词生义 tailor 熟义：n.裁缝 生义：vt.专门制作；量身定制 刷阅读理解 35 ［四川南充高级中学2024高二期中］Learning about other cultures is a valuable experience. Gaining an understanding of other cultures benefits both you and other people by deepening your understanding of how different people are.1.___ You can do research via the Internet or the local library, get to know other cultures in your community, and travel whenever possible. 2.___ Choose culture you would like to learn more about.Subscribe to newspapers from that culture online to know more about what people from that culture are reading. Browse websites with data on entertainment, politics, or trends. Follow social media about your chosen culture. A great thing about the Internet is that it has made the world smaller and more accessible than ever.3.___ Following people or organisations from other cultures on social media is a great way to directly learn from that culture about things like their values and fashion. D A F 刷7选5 36 Ask questions online. There are plenty of ways to ask members of a culture questions about that culture online directly. Take a look at local communities and forums that accept questions or conversations.4.___ Look up videos on social media platforms. There are many channels on such platforms dedicated to a specific culture or some aspects of a culture.5.___ Type into the search bar things such as “Learn about French culture” or “What do people in India commonly eat?”.Many channels talk about subjects like news, history, or gender norms. Search for videos with a specific subject in mind. B G 刷7选5 37 A.Read online news sources. B.Post a question and wait for a response. C.Ask what daily life is like in their culture. D.There are many ways to attain knowledge about other cultures. E.Ask what the major holidays are like there, and how they celebrate them. F.You can find people from cultures all around the world on some international social media. G.Often, these videos are produced by people that come from that culture, or know a lot about it. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。学习其他文化是一种极其宝贵的体验。了解其他文化对你和其他人都有好处。本文介绍了了解其他文化的一些方法与途径。 刷7选5 38 1.___ D 解析 根据本段第一句“Learning about other cultures is a valuable experience.”可知，本段谈论的是了解其他文化的话题，后文介绍几种了解其他文化的途径，由此可知，设空处应该起到过渡作用，引出下文，说明获取文化知识的途径很多。故D项（获取有关其他文化的知识有很多途径）承上启下，符合语境。 2.___ A 解析 根据文章结构可知，本句是第二段的主旨句。阅读第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍了通过网上订阅与某个文化相关的报纸或是浏览涉及娱乐、政治等相关资料的网站来了解该文化，由此可知第二段应是介绍通过新闻资源这一方式了解文化。故A项（阅读在线新闻资源）符合语境。 刷7选5 39 3.___ F 解析 根据上文“Follow social media about your chosen culture.A great thing about the Internet is that it has made the world smaller and more accessible than ever.”可知，上文提到了通过社交媒体了解文化，且F项中的international social media和本段首句中的social media相呼应，故F项（你可以在一些国际社交媒体平台上找到来自世界各地不同文化的人）符合语境。 4.___ B 解析 根据本段第一句“Ask questions online.”可知，本段主要是建议在网上问一些问题。设空处前提到看看接受提问或对话的当地社区和论坛，故最后一句应该说明本段介绍的核心方法，即在网站上提问。故B项（发布一个问题，然后等待回应）符合语境。 5.___ G 解析 根据本段第一句可知，本段的建议是在社交媒体平台上查找视频，由此可推测本句与视频内容相关，前文提到社交媒体平台上有很多专门针对某种特定文化的视频，G项（通常，这些视频是由来自那种文化或是对那种文化很了解的人制作的）能够承接语义，符合语境。 刷7选5 40 词汇加油站 核心词汇 1.subscribe to 订阅（报纸或杂志）；同意；赞成 2.be dedicated to 致力于；献身于 3.specific adj.特定的；具体的；详细的；明确的 刷7选5 41 02 Period II Using language—Presenting ideas Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar 42 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Rome was not built in a day. You should set ________ （reality） goals and work hard to achieve them. realistic 解析 句意为：罗马非一日建成。你应该设定切实可行的目标并努力去实现它们。设空处修饰名词goals，表示“切实可行的”，应用形容词。故填realistic。 2.Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and __________ （reward） experience. rewarding 解析 句意为：沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣且有意义的经历。设空处应用一个形容词与interesting 并列，共同修饰名词experience。故填rewarding。 3.His hard work and __________ （dedicate） made him a leading artist in Beijing Opera. dedication 解析 句意为：他的勤奋工作和敬业精神使他成为京剧的领军人物。根据表示并列的and可知，设空处应用名词，和hard work并列作主语。故填dedication。 刷单句填空 43 4.The manager didn’t know how to deal with the ________ （divide） within the matter. division 解析 句意为：经理不知道如何处理在这件事上的分歧。设空处作deal with的宾语，空前有定冠词the，应用名词，意为“分歧”。故填division。 5.Her research findings have been highly __________ （influence） in shaping the future direction of medical science. influential 解析 句意为：她的研究成果在塑造医学科学的未来方向上极具影响力。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，应用influence的形容词形式influential，意为“有影响力的”。故填influential。 6.The key to realising ___________ （harmony） coexistence between man and nature lies in the protection of wild animals. harmonious 解析 句意为：实现人与自然和谐共处的关键在于保护野生动物。设空处修饰名词coexistence，应使用形容词harmonious，意为“和谐的”。 刷单句填空 44 7.My efforts in helping him promote his career seemed to have been ___ vain.［China Daily］ in 解析 句意为：我为帮助他推动事业发展所作的努力似乎白费了。in vain意为“徒劳；白费力气”，为固定短语。 8.The scientist made a major breakthrough in his research but ___ a great cost to his personal relationships. at 解析 句意为：这位科学家在其研究上取得了重大突破，但以牺牲他的人际关系为巨大代价。本题考查固定搭配at a great cost to…，意为“以……为巨大代价”。故填at。 刷单句填空 45 9.The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged___academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources. in 解析 句意为：从大学中受益最多的学生是那些完全投身学术研究、充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。固定搭配be engaged in意为“从事；忙于”。故填in。 10.Do not boast about tomorrow, for you do not know what a day may bring______. forth 解析 句意为：不要为明日自夸，因为一日要生何事，你尚且不能知道。固定搭配bring forth意为“使产生；使出现”，符合句意。故填forth。 刷单句填空 46 根据提示补全句子。 1.人们点起蜡烛，纪念那些在扑灭森林大火时牺牲的消防队员。（memory） People lit candles ___ ________ ___ the firefighters who lost their lives while fighting forest fires. in memory of 2.她许诺要毕生从事科学研究。（dedicate） She promised that she would________ ____ ____ ___ scientific studies. 3.试图用武力解决问题是没用的，和谈才是唯一的办法。（it is no use…） ___ ___ ____ ____ ______to solve the problem by force. Peace talks are the only solution. dedicate her life to It is no use trying 刷单句表达 47 知识拓展 常用it作形式主语、动名词作真正主语的句型 it’s no use/good doing… 做……是没用的 it’s a waste of time doing… 做……是浪费时间 刷单句表达 48 4.联合国成立于1945年，其主要使命是维护国际和平与安全。（非限制性定语从句） The United Nations, _______ ______ ________ ___ ___preserve international peace and security, was founded in 1945. whose main mission is to 5.遵守规则以让社会保持秩序、人民生活安定是每个人的责任。（形式主语it） ___ ___ __________ _________________ ___ ____________the rules to keep the society in order and people’s lives stable. It is everyone’s duty/responsibility to obey/observe 刷单句表达 49 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.It is difficult _______ （find） a parking space in the city centre during rush hour. to find 解析 句意为：在高峰时段，在市中心找到停车位是困难的。此处It作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to find。 2.___ is a pity that he didn’t get the scholarship because of his poor academic performance. It 解析 句意为：很遗憾，由于学习成绩差，他没有得到奖学金。分析句子结构可知，that引导主语从句，设空处要用It作形式主语。故填It。 3.How did ___ come about that you were late for the meeting again? it 解析 句意为：你开会又迟到了，这是怎么回事? How did it come about that…？ 是固定句型，意为“……是怎么发生的？”其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。故填it。 刷单元语法 50 4.It is vital that we______________ （act） to stop the destruction of the rain forests. （should） act 解析 句意为：我们采取行动阻止破坏雨林的行为是至关重要的。vital意为“至关重要的”，it is vital that… 为常用句型，从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。故填（should） act。 5.___suddenly hit him that he could join the charity to help the homeless. It 解析 句意为：他突然想到他可以加入慈善机构帮助无家可归者。it hit（s） sb that… 意为“某人突然想起……”，是固定句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。设空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填It。 6.It is believed _____ the importance parents attach to education is of great benefit to children’s personal growth. that 解析 句意为：人们相信父母对教育的重视对孩子的个人成长非常有益。it is believed that… 意为“人们相信……”，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。 刷单元语法 51 7.It suddenly occurred to him _____ he had left his keys in the office. that 解析 句意为：他突然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。分析句子结构可知,It是形式主语，真正的主语是名词性从句____ he had left his keys in the office。从句句意完整，不缺主干成分，所以用that引导该从句。故填that。 8.It is foolish ___ them to spend too much time on such meaningless things. of 解析 句意为：他们在这种无意义的事情上花费太多时间是愚蠢的。此处为固定句型“it be+adj.+of sb+to do sth”，意为“某人做某事是……的”。故填of。 刷单元语法 52 知识拓展 “it be+adj.+for/of sb+to do sth”句型 it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式（短语）。如果形容词表示事物的性质（如easy、difficult、important、possible、likely、necessary等），介词常用for；如果形容词表示人的品行、性格（如nice、kind、stupid等），常用介词of。如：It is important for us to learn English well.对我们来说，学好英语很重要。 刷单元语法 53 9.It is estimated _____ up to 60% of the local population is being reached through these radio broadcasts. that 解析 句意为：据估计，多达60%的当地人能够收听这些无线电广播节目。分析句子结构可知，句中的It为形式主语，真正的主语是设空处引导的主语从句，从句句意完整且不缺成分，故填that。 10.It _________ （know） to us that he is one of the most famous football players in the world. is known 解析 句意为:众所周知，他是世界上最著名的足球运动员之一。it is known that… 为固定句型，意为“众所周知……”，其中it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语，故填is known。 刷单元语法 54 ［广东深圳名校2024高二联考］阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Held every year on 21 May, UNESCO leads the 1.___________ （celebrate） of World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development highlighting not only the richness of the world’s cultures, but also the essential role of intercultural dialogue for 2._________ （achieve） peace and sustainable development. The day provides us with an opportunity 3.__________ （deepen） our understanding of the value of cultural diversity. Why does cultural diversity matter? Three 4._______ （four） of the world’s major conflicts have something to do with culture. Bridging the gap between cultures is urgent and necessary for peace, stability and development. celebration achieving to deepen fourths 刷语法填空 55 Cultural diversity is a driving force of development, not only with respect to economic growth, but also as a means 5.___ leading a more fulfilling intellectual, emotional, moral and spiritual life. This 6.____________ （conclude） in the culture meetings, which provide a solid basis for the promotion of cultural diversity. Cultural diversity is thus an advantage 7.__________ is necessary for poverty reduction and the achievement of sustainable development. At 8.____ same time, acceptance and recognition of cultural diversity—9.___________ （particular） through innovative use of media and Information and Communications Technology （ICT）—10.____ （be） beneficial to dialogue, respect and mutual understanding among civilisations and cultures. of is concluded that/which the particularly are 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是联合国教科文组织举办的促进文化多样性的活动及文化多样性的重要意义。 刷语法填空 56 1.___________ celebration 解析 句意为：联合国教科文组织于每年5月21日领导庆祝世界文化多样性促进对话和发展日，不仅强调世界文化的丰富性，而且强调文化间对话对实现和平与可持续发展的极其重要的作用。此处作动词leads的宾语，且被定冠词the和of引起的介词短语修饰，应用名词，表示“庆祝”。故填celebration。 2._________ achieving 解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处作介词for的宾语，空后有名词peace，此处应用动名词。故填achieving。 3.__________ to deepen 解析 句意为：这一天为我们提供了一个深入理解文化多样性的价值的机会。分析句子结构可知，此处在名词opportunity后作定语，opportunity后常接动词不定式作定语，表示“做某事的机会”。故填to deepen。 刷语法填空 57 4._______ fourths 解析 句意为：世界上四分之三的主要冲突都与文化有关。此处表示分数四分之三，分数应表达为“基数词（分子）+序数词（分母）”，当分子大于一时，分母的序数词要加-s。 5.___ of 解析 句意为：文化多样性是发展的动力，不仅与经济增长有关，也是过上更充实的智力、情感、道德和精神生活的手段。此处为固定短语a means of doing sth，意为“做某事的方法”。 刷语法填空 58 易混辨析 常见的表示“方法”的词 way to do sth/way of doing sth approach to （doing） sth means of doing sth method of/for （doing） sth manner of （doing） sth 做某事的方法 刷语法填空 59 6.____________ is concluded 解析 句意为：这是在文化会议上达成的共识，文化会议为促进文化多样性提供了坚实的基础。此处为谓语，根据全文时态可知，此处为客观介绍，应用一般现在时；结合句意可知，此处表示“被达成”，动词conclude与句子主语This之间为被动关系，且句子主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is concluded。 7.__________ that/which 解析 句意为：因此，文化多样性是减少贫困和实现可持续发展所必需的优势。分析句子结构可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词advantage指物，所以用关系代词that/which引导该从句。 刷语法填空 60 8.____ the 解析 句意为：与此同时，接受和承认文化多样性，特别是通过创新利用媒体和信息与通信技术，有利于不同文明和文化之间的对话、尊重和相互理解。此处为固定短语at the same time，意为“与此同时”。故填the。 9.___________ particularly 解析 句意见上一题解析。此处作状语，修饰介词短语through innovative use of media and Information and Communications Technology （ICT），应用副词。故填particularly。 10.____ are 解析 句意见第8题解析。此处为系动词，句子主语为两个并列的名词acceptance和recognition，为复数概念，因此系动词be应使用复数形式，根据上下文可知，时态为一般现在时，所以此处应使用are。 刷语法填空 61 方法总结 找准句子主干，简化长难句结构 此句中有破折号连接的解释性成分，该部分将句子的主干分隔开。在解语法填空题时，遇到这种长句，首先要进行句子结构分析，将修饰性成分、插入语等与句子主干无关的成分去掉，便于找到句子的主干结构，正确判断主谓关系。在本句中，句子的主语是名词短语acceptance and recognition of cultural diversity，根据设空处的提示词be和空后的形容词beneficial可判断，本句是主系表结构，由此再继续判断时态和主谓一致关系，得到正确答案。 刷语法填空 62 02 Period II Using language—Presenting ideas Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 63 A ［湖南师大附中2025高二期末］A team of AI researchers at a technology company, working with workers from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory （PNNL）, has used AI to develop a battery that uses less lithium （锂）. Lithium-ion batteries have become the industry standard for electronic devices and electric vehicles and are expected to play a major role in the change to green power. But lithium is expensive, which has led multiple teams across the globe to look for alternatives. In this new effort, the research team looked for ways to reduce the amount of lithium used in batteries. This would normally take a long time because of the detailed approach required. To reduce the workload and the time needed to process millions of alternatives, the researchers turned to AI.Noting that AI applications are good at using massive amounts of data to learn how to do things, the researchers designed one that could study millions of materials which might be added to a lithium battery to replace some amount of the lithium and test the results for factors such as stability and how a battery using a given material would behave. 刷阅读理解 64 Using this approach, the research team reduced the list of possible alternatives to just a few hundred possibilities. They then turned to materials scientists at PNNL for advice on how to reduce the possibilities even further. The scientists suggested adding more specific screening criteria and more testing rounds. After adopting that advice, the team arrived at a promising alternative and an approach that involved replacing approximately half of the lithium atoms in a battery with sodium （钠） atoms. After using the new approach to build a working battery, the researchers found it had lower conductivity （导电性） than needed—but they also believed that there is room for improvement. They plan to continue working on the approach and the process they used to find their solution, which they suggest could eventually solve other types of material processing problems. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家科技公司的一组人工智能研究人员与美国西北太平洋国家实验室的工作人员合作，利用人工智能研发了一种使用更少锂的电池。 刷阅读理解 65 1.Why did the research team want to develop a battery that uses less lithium?( ) C A.To reduce carbon emissions. B.To meet the industry standard. C.To decrease the cost of a battery. D.To generate electricity efficiently. 解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But lithium is expensive, which has led multiple teams across the globe to look for alternatives.In this new effort, the research team looked for ways to reduce the amount of lithium used in batteries.”可知，由于锂的成本昂贵，于是科研人员在全球寻找其替代品，而该研究团队也是想寻找减少电池中锂的使用量的方法，以降低电池的成本。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 66 2.What do the underlined words “this approach” in paragraph 4 refer to?( ) A A.Using AI to find possible materials. B.Adding other materials to a battery. C.Developing an application to collect data. D.Replacing lithium in a battery with sodium. 解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Noting that AI applications are good at using massive amounts of data to learn how to do things, the researchers designed one… how a battery using a given material would behave.”可知，研究人员设计了一款人工智能应用程序以研究能够添加到锂电池中来替代部分锂的材料，因此画线短语指的是上文提到的“利用人工智能寻找可能的锂的替代材料”。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 67 3.How did the research team finally find a promising alternative?( ) B A.By seeking funding from PNNL. B.By asking experts for advice. C.By turning to a technology firm for help. D.By cooperating with other scientists. 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They then turned to materials scientists at PNNL for advice… The scientists suggested adding more specific screening criteria and more testing rounds.After adopting that advice, the team arrived at a promising alternative and an approach…”可知，该研究团队向美国西北太平洋国家实验室的材料科学家寻求建议，最终找到了一种有希望的替代材料。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 68 4.What is the existing challenge of the new approach?( ) A A.It is less effective than expected. B.It costs too much time and money. C.It occupies too much room. D.It processes alternatives at a lower speed. 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“After adopting that advice, the team arrived at a promising alternative and an approach that involved replacing approximately half of the lithium atoms in a battery with sodium atoms.”可知，该研究团队最终找到了一种有希望的替代材料，选择用钠原子代替电池中约一半的锂原子的方法以减少电池中锂的使用；再结合最后一段中的“After using the new approach to build a working battery, the researchers found it had lower conductivity than needed”可知，使用这一新方法制造的电池的导电性低于所需水平。由此可推知，该研究团队刚开始认为钠这一材料有望成为锂的替代材料，但最后发现其并不能完全代替锂。因此，该新方法的效果不如预期的好。 刷阅读理解 69 B ［湖北云学新高考联盟2024高二联考］If you are a psychology enthusiast, you have probably heard of the famous marshmallow （棉花糖） test. In this task, kids are given a single treat, such as a marshmallow, and are told that they can eat that marshmallow now, or they can wait a little while, and have two marshmallows instead. Some kids eat the marshmallow immediately, but most try their best to wait for the experimenter to come back with two marshmallows. Wait times in the marshmallow test came to be seen as indicators of self-control. But what if the behaviour in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms （准则） than self-control? A 2022 study by Yanaoka tested the idea that children may decide how long to wait for rewards based on what they are accustomed to waiting for in their culture. In the United States （with some exceptions）, there is no widespread custom of waiting until everyone is served to eat your food. However, in Japan, there is a mealtime custom of waiting until everyone has been served before anyone digs in. 刷阅读理解 70 Because of this difference in norms, the researchers assumed that Japanese children would wait longer in the marshmallow test than the American children. This is exactly what they found. The researchers did a clever follow-up experiment. They found one field where children in the US are accustomed to waiting longer than Japanese children are: opening presents. In the US, gifts are usually given on special occasions, such as birthdays and Christmas. On these occasions, children usually have to wait before they can open their presents. In Japan, however, gift-giving happens more often, and children usually open presents immediately. Given these cultural differences, Yanaoka expected that if they ran the marshmallow test with Japanese and American kids, but they replaced marshmallows with packaged gifts, then American kids would wait longer to open them. Once again, their assumption was correct. When the potential rewards were packaged gifts instead of food, American children waited 15 minutes on average, and Japanese children waited about four minutes on average. 刷阅读理解 71 This is a powerful result because it demonstrates the importance of culture and habit in shaping behaviour. If a child waits only four minutes before giving up on two marshmallows but then waits almost four times longer to open a gift, can we really say that that child lacks self-control? I don’t think so. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究探讨了文化准则对儿童行为的影响。 刷阅读理解 72 1.What is the main factor that influences children’s behaviour in the experiments?( ) C A.Self-control. B.Parental influence. C.Cultural norms. D.Reward preferences. 解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“But what if the behaviour in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms… based on what they are accustomed to waiting for in their culture.”可知，柳冈的研究表明文化准则是影响孩子行为的主要因素。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 73 2.What did the study find about American children?( ) D A.They often receive gifts. B.They display higher self-control. C.They prefer gifts to food rewards. D.They tend to wait longer to open gifts. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段和第四段的内容可知，在棉花糖测试中，日本孩子比美国孩子等待的平均时间更长，而把棉花糖换成礼物的时候，美国孩子平均等待15分钟，日本孩子平均等待4分钟。由此可知，美国儿童倾向于等更长的时间来打开礼物，故选D项。 刷阅读理解 74 3.How did Yanaoka conduct the follow-up experiment?( ) B A.By referring to data. B.By making a comparison. C.By introducing a concept. D.By presenting an argument. 解析 推理判断题。柳冈通过比较美国孩子和日本孩子在棉花糖实验和礼物实验中的等待时间，来证明他们的假设。因此柳冈是通过比较进行实验的，故选B项。 刷阅读理解 75 4.What is the author’s attitude towards Yanaoka’s study?( ) D A.Critical. B.Unclear. C.Doubtful. D.Approving. 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为这个研究强有力地证明了文化和习惯对行为的塑造的重要性，并质疑了简单地将等待时间短等同于自控能力差的观点。因此，可以说作者对柳冈的研究持赞同态度。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 76 长难句分析 句意：柳冈在2022年进行的一项研究测试了这样一种观点，即儿童可能会根据他们在自己的文化中习惯等待的事物来决定等待奖励的时间。 刷阅读理解 77 ［河南省实验中学2025高二月考］Raised in a family of artists, the 24-year-old Russian woman Aleksandra developed a deep love for painting from an early age. Six years ago, she . .1. . to Hainan, an island province in South China, and set up her studio there. Her . .2. . for Chinese culture began when she was just 10 years old.“I didn’t have Mandarin teachers,” she fondly recalled. She . .3. . the language through the Internet, books and TV.She simply admired Chinese culture. In 2018, . .4. . by her passion, Aleksandra journeyed to Hainan to study, where she was attracted by the island’s natural beauty and unhurried pace of life.“It’s a（n） . .5. . beautiful place, and the people are kind, attractive and really simple,” she reflected.“Life unfolds at a（n） . .6. . pace, allowing them to harmonise with nature.” Living in Hainan . .7. . her to immerse herself in （沉浸于） nature and humanity, two beloved . .8. . in her artwork. The local people and . .9. . have become essential to her life as she and her husband, whom she met on the island, have ventured through its landscapes together. 刷完形填空 78 Throughout her stay in Hainan, Aleksandra has . .10. . the development of the local culture. She expresses . .11. . in the appearance of new cultural landmarks, such as the Wormhole Library and the coastal structure Sky Mountain. Aleksandra . .12. . the rich artistic landscapes in Hainan, emphasising that the island’s welcoming atmosphere offers a wealth of . .13. . to artists. With the . .14. . of enhancing understanding between the people of China and Russia through her art, she is planning an exhibition that . .15. . the richness of Chinese and Russian culture. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了热爱绘画的亚历山德拉搬到海南岛并在那里建立自己的工作室，她希望通过她的艺术增进中俄两国人民之间的了解。 刷完形填空 79 1.( ) A.moved B.rode C.wrote D.rushed A 解析 根据前文及句意可知，此处应是指从俄罗斯搬到中国海南。move意为“搬家”，故选A项。ride意为“骑”；write意为“写”；rush意为“迅速移动”。 2.( ) A.exhibition B.knowledge C.enthusiasm D.understanding C 解析 根据后文“She simply admired Chinese culture.”可知，她对中国文化充满热情，和第二段中的passion相呼应。enthusiasm意为“热情”，故选C项。exhibition意为“展览”；knowledge意为“知识”；understanding意为“理解”。 3.( ) A.picked up B.referred to C.focused on D.turned to A 解析 根据前文I didn’t have Mandarin teachers以及空后内容可知，她通过其他方式学习中文。pick up意为“学会”，故选A项。refer to意为“提及”；focus on意为“专注于”；turn to意为“转向”。 刷完形填空 80 4.( ) A.taken B.changed C.promised D.driven D 解析 根据前文可知，亚历山德拉对中国文化充满热情，所以此处应是指她被热情驱使前往海南学习。drive意为“驱使”，故选D项。take意为“带走”；change意为“改变”；promise意为“答应”。 5.( ) A.equally B.incredibly C.recently D.normally B 解析 根据前文where she was attracted by the island’s natural beauty and unhurried pace of life可知，海南岛非常美丽。incredibly意为“非常地”，故选B项。equally意为“平等地”；recently意为“最近”；normally意为“正常地”。 6.( ) A.different B.average C.leisurely D.current C 解析 根据前文where she was attracted by the island’s natural beauty and unhurried pace of life可知，海南的生活节奏悠闲。leisurely意为“悠闲的”，故选C项。different意为“不同的”；average意为“平均的”；current意为“目前的”。 刷完形填空 81 7.( ) A.trains B.persuades C.permits D.enables D 解析 根据后文immerse herself in nature and humanity可知，海南悠闲的生活让她能沉浸在自然和人文中。enable意为“使能够”，符合语境，故选D项。train意为“培训”；persuade意为“说服”；permit意为“允许”。 8.( ) A.structures B.themes C.figures D.colours B 解析 根据immerse herself in nature and humanity及two beloved ____ in her artwork可知，此处指自然和人文是她艺术作品中的两个主题。theme意为“主题”，故选B项。structure意为“结构”；figure意为“数字”；colour意为“颜色”。 9.( ) A.economy B.culture C.history D.tourism B 解析 根据前文“Her ____ for Chinese culture began when she was just 10 years old.”及“She simply admired Chinese culture.”可推知，此处是指当地人文是她生活中不可或缺的一部分，故选B项。 刷完形填空 82 10.( ) A.tested B.impacted C.encouraged D.observed D 解析 根据前文Throughout her stay in Hainan和后文the appearance of new cultural landmarks可推知，她注意到了海南当地的文化发展。observe意为“注意到；观察”，故选D项。test意为“测试”；impact意为“影响”；encourage意为“鼓励”。 11.( ) A.gratitude B.doubt C.delight D.anxiety C 解析 根据前文“The local people and ____ have become essential to her life… have ventured through its landscapes together.”可知，亚历山德拉喜欢海南当地的文化，所以出现新的文化地标她应该很开心。delight意为“高兴”，故选C项。gratitude意为“感激”；doubt意为“怀疑”；anxiety意为“焦虑”。 12.( ) A.highlights B.covers C.designs D.shifts A 解析 根据后文emphasising that the island’s welcoming atmosphere offers可知，此处表示她强调了海南丰富的艺术景观。highlight意为“强调”，故选A项。cover意为“覆盖”；design意为“设计”；shift意为“改变”。 刷完形填空 83 13.( ) A.inspiration B.money C.advice D.service A 解析 根据空前the island’s welcoming atmosphere及第二段中的“Living in Hainan____ her to immerse herself in nature and humanity, two beloved ____ in her artwork.”可知，岛上的氛围为艺术家创作提供了丰富的灵感。inspiration意为“灵感”，故选A项。money意为“金钱”；advice意为“建议”；service意为“服务”。 14.( ) A.memory B.intention C.help D.launch B 解析 根据后文enhancing understanding between the people of China and Russia through her art可知，通过她的艺术来增进中俄两国人民之间的了解是她创作艺术的目的。with the intention of意为“目的是，为了”，故选B项。memory意为“记忆”；help意为“帮助”；launch意为“发行”。 15.( ) A.discovers B.brings C.shows D.gives C 解析 根据前文的With the ____ of enhancing understanding和she is planning an exhibition可知，她的展览是要展示中俄文化的丰富多彩。show意为“展示”，故选C项。discover意为“发现”；bring意为“带来”；give意为“给予”。 刷完形填空 84 03 单元限时小卷 建议用时：59分钟 85 A ［安徽A10联盟2024高二期中］Have you noticed that as time goes on and technology advances, things seem to keep getting smaller and smaller? That’s especially true with that machine we call the “computer”. What exactly is a computer? Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines a computer as “a usually programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve （检索）, and process data”.Others think a computer as anything that transforms information in a meaningful way. For thousands of years, people have tried to improve their lives by inventing machines to make certain tasks easier. Some people believe a simple mechanical device called an “abacus” was one of the earliest forms of a computer. Ancient people used the device to perform simple calculations （计算）.Archaeologists （考古学家） have found evidence that the ancient Greeks used the abacus as early as the 5th century BCE. 刷阅读理解 86 Modern computers were developed much more recently. The first modern electronic computer—known as the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer or ENIAC—became operational in 1946.Weighing more than 30 tons, ENIAC took up as much space as 1,800 square feet. Since then, computers have become much smaller and much more powerful. While ENIAC could perform 5,000 addition problems per second, many of today’s laptop computers weigh just a few pounds and can perform several billion operations per second. Today’s computers keep getting smaller and smaller. Large desktop computers gave way to laptops. Laptops have developed into a wide variety of even smaller computing devices, such as netbooks and tablet computers. Many people even carry computers with them everywhere they go. Smartphones, or cellphones, fit easily into a pocket and allow their users to make telephone calls, surf the Internet and conduct business. 刷阅读理解 87 So what’s the smallest computer available today? As of 2015, the smallest computer is just one cubic millimetre. However, today’s computer manufacturers are constantly producing newer and smaller models at a rate too fast to keep up with. Whatever is the smallest today will probably be replaced with something even smaller tomorrow! 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了计算机的发展历史和现代计算机的特点。从史前时期的算盘，到体积庞大的ENIAC，再到今天的便携式智能手机和微型计算机。计算机越来越小，功能却越来越强大。作者通过举例说明了计算机大小和性能的变化，并暗示未来计算机的发展趋势。 刷阅读理解 88 1.How does the author organise the text?( ) A A.In the order of time. B.In the order of space. C.By raising questions and answering them. D.By analysing reasons and then drawing a conclusion. 解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some people believe a simple mechanical device called… evidence that the ancient Greeks used the abacus as early as the 5th century BCE.”、第四段中的“Modern computers were developed much more recently.”和第五段中的“Today’s computers keep getting smaller and smaller.”及最后一段中的“So what’s the smallest computer available today? As of 2015, the smallest computer is just one cubic millimetre.”可知，本文从古代的计算机“算盘”讲到了第一部现代计算机ENIAC，再讲到今天的计算机，结尾还提到未来计算机的发展趋势。所以本文作者是按照时间顺序行文的。 刷阅读理解 89 2.What can we know about “abacus” from paragraph 3?( ) D A.It was invented by ancient Greeks. B.It was widely used in Ancient Greece. C.It could carry out various tough tasks. D.It was thought to be among the earliest forms of the computer. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some people believe a simple mechanical device called an ‘abacus’ was one of the earliest forms of a computer.”可知，一些人认为算盘是计算机的最早形式之一。 刷阅读理解 90 3.Why does the author take ENIAC as an example?( ) B A.To compare it with ancient computers. B.To tell readers how large earlier computers were. C.To show readers how powerful the first computer was. D.To explain to readers how modern computers operated. 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Weighing more than 30 tons, ENIAC took up as much space as 1,800 square feet.Since then, computers have become much smaller and much more powerful.”及第五段中的“Today’s computers keep getting smaller and smaller.”可知，随着时间的推移和技术的进步，计算机变得越来越小。作者以ENIAC为例，目的是要告诉读者早期的计算机有多么庞大，从而进一步点明“计算机越来越小”这一主题。 刷阅读理解 91 4.Which might be the best title for the text?( ) B A.What Exactly Is a Computer? B.Computers Are Getting Smaller C.The Function of Smaller Computers D.How Did the Computer Come Into Being? 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了计算机的发展历史和现代计算机的特点。从史前时期的算盘，到体积庞大的ENIAC，再到今天的便携式智能手机和微型计算机。计算机越来越小，功能却越来越强大。故文章的主旨是“计算机变得越来越小”。B项适合作为本文标题。 刷阅读理解 92 B ［广东华南师大附中2025高二期中］Can you think of someone who is an excellent communicator? He must have good skills of speaking confidently in various situations, including presentations, group discussions and activities. He should be good at listening to others, understanding group dynamics and promoting shared decision-making. Research on classroom-based group work reveals a paradox （悖论）: While cooperative learning can be highly effective, merely placing children in groups often proves unproductive. The solution lies in teaching children how to cooperate effectively. Teachers play a crucial role in this process through their interaction with students. 刷阅读理解 93 To ensure effective group work, teachers must first raise students’ awareness of the purpose and value of group activities. More importantly, they need to teach students how to engage in the kind of reasoned discussions, which is known as Exploratory Talk. This involves considering everyone’s viewpoints, justifying arguments with reasons, and seeking evidence to support arguments. It also involves expressing opinions on other’s ideas critically but constructively, and seeking further explanation. Successful cooperation requires a reasoned discussion, which can be facilitated by establishing a set of “Ground Rules for Exploratory Talk”.These rules guide behaviour such as asking for information, seeking and providing reasons, and evaluating proposals. Ground Rules help children ask questions, give opinions and develop ideas. For instance, children learn to ask “What do you think? Why?” and listen attentively to each other’s responses, reaching reasoned conclusions. 刷阅读理解 94 Exploratory Talk enhances group activities as a powerful learning tool. Certain activities, like Talking Points, are particularly effective in stimulating such discussions. Talking Points will inspire statements and is designed to encourage children to share knowledge and ideas on a specific topic. Research indicates that Talking Points will bring about more imaginative and extensive responses to traditional questions. It helps children focus on the topic and compare their viewpoints with others. Children realise that their ideas can develop with new evidence and that alternative or valuable sources are new thinking. With proper guidance, the students will soon begin to see their ideas flowing. And gradually they will learn to participate fully not only in discussions but also in life as well. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是基于课堂的小组合作悖论，以及教师如何来解决这一悖论，让小组合作变得有效。 刷阅读理解 95 1.What may help solve the group work paradox?( ) C A.Active interaction among teachers. B.Group learning among students. C.Teachers’ effective guidance. D.Students’ deep engagement. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The solution lies in teaching children how to cooperate effectively.Teachers play a crucial role in this process through their interaction with students.”可知，解决方案在于老师在与学生互动时教会孩子如何有效地合作，因此教师的有效指导可以帮助解决小组合作悖论。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 96 2.Why should Ground Rules be set for the students?( ) D A.To popularise group activities. B.To build up their individualities. C.To stimulate more proposals. D.To encourage reasoning in talks. 解析 细节理解题。根据题干关键词Ground Rules可以将答案定位在第四段。根据第四段中的“Successful cooperation requires a reasoned discussion, which can be facilitated by establishing a set of ‘Ground Rules for Exploratory Talk’.”可知，可以通过建立一套“探索性谈话的基本规则”来促进理性的讨论，因此为学生制定基本规则是为了在谈话中鼓励理性的观点。 刷阅读理解 97 3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?( ) C A.Students should be challenged to uncertainties. B.Traditional questions should be avoided in class. C.Well-designed brainstorming matters in group activities. D.Idea exchanges among the students are a top priority. 解析 推理判断题。本段讨论的Talking Points属于C项中的Well-designed brainstorming（精心设计的头脑风暴活动）。整个段落都在阐述该活动的益处，所以可以推断出其在小组活动中是十分重要的，故C项正确。而根据本段中的“Research indicates that Talking Points will bring about more imaginative and extensive responses to traditional questions.”可知，Talking Points能够引发学生对传统问题作出更具想象力的回答，而不是避免在课堂上出现传统问题，因此排除B项；该段提到了学生之间想法的交流，但是主要介绍的是类似Talking Points这样的课堂活动的重要性，因此排除D项；而A项在文中未提及。 刷阅读理解 98 关键点拨 根据段落结构分析段落大意 最后一段为“总—分”结构，段落的主题句为第一、二句“Exploratory Talk enhances group activities as a… particularly effective in stimulating such discussions.”，由此可知，本段主要围绕类似Talking Points的活动如何促进小组活动展开。下文通过具体的阐述和研究发现来说明Talking Points是如何促进学生思维能力的发展并实现小组高效合作的，因此本段主要说明了类似Talking Points的活动的好处。 刷阅读理解 99 4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?( ) A A.Why Putting Children in Groups Doesn’t Always Work B.What Effects a Good Communicator Has on Discussion C.Whether Teachers Should Use Exploratory Talk or Not D.Where Students’ Participation in Activities Should Go 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段内容可知，文章提出了基于课堂的小组合作悖论，即虽然合作学习可以非常有效，但仅仅把孩子放在小组里往往效果不佳，第三、四、五段提出了解决措施，指出教师需要教会学生如何有效合作，通过组织探索性谈话和类似Talking Points的活动来提高小组合作效率和激发学生思考。由此可知，A项（为什么把孩子放在小组里并不总是有效）最适合作为本文的标题。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 100 ［湖北华中师大一附中2025高二期中］My morning routine has looked very different over the years. As a freelancer （自由职业者）, I didn’t have a set time I needed to wake up. So, it was easy to sleep in until 10 am. Then I pulled my laptop into bed and started work the moment I opened my eyes.1.___ I had yet to find the morning routine that worked for me until I saw The 5AM Club and decided to see what it was about.2.___ The core message is his advice that you should wake up at 5 am and follow his 20/20/20 rule. That is: Spend the first hour of your day doing 20 minutes of exercise, 20 minutes of reflection, and 20 minutes of learning. 3.___ I set my alarm for a painfully early 5 am to see whether it was worth the reputation. On my first morning, I got all the wisdom found in Sharma’s book and felt ready to apply it to my own life.20 minutes of exercise warmed my body up, distracting me away from social media or TV series. After 20 minutes of reflection, I worked out a daily to-do list.4.___ Getting up at 5 am helped me focus on the things that mattered to me most. E C F D 刷7选5 101 One hour a day doesn’t sound like much when you want to improve a skill, especially when you only spend 20 minutes of that hour reading and learning.5.___ If you aim to improve a skill by just 1% each day, over a year, these days will pile up and you’ll have improved the skill by more than 300%. Of course, you can customise the routine to suit your life and goals. The point is that you persist in getting up early and spending an hour bettering yourself each day. B 刷7选5 A.We all have a limited mental capacity. B.But Sharma argues that a small amount of daily progress can add up. C.The book is the bestseller by Robin Sharma, a leadership expert. D.The routine is said to transform the productivity, health, and well-being. E.But I wanted to be the happiest, healthiest, most productive version of myself. F.At first, I didn’t have faith in the book, for I was used to my old morning routine. G.We may have the intention to read a chapter of a personal development book each day. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了《5点早起俱乐部》这本书对作者的影响。 刷7选5 103 1.___ E 解析 上文讲到作者是一名自由职业者，作息和工作时间都不规律；根据下一段中的“I had yet to find the morning routine that worked for me until I saw The 5AM Club and decided to see what it was about.”可知，作者看了《5点早起俱乐部》这本书后，找到了适合自己的新的晨间日程。由此可知，设空处应表达作者改变当前的晨间日程的原因，起到承上启下的作用。E项（但我想成为最快乐、最健康、效率最高的自己）符合语境，故选E项。 2.___ C 解析 上文讲到作者看了《5点早起俱乐部》这本书，找到了适合自己的新的晨间日程；根据下文中的“The core message is his advice…”可知，下文介绍了这本书的核心理念，因此可推知，设空处应介绍与这本书相关的信息。C项（这本书是领导力专家罗宾·夏尔马的畅销书）符合语境，其中Robin Sharma是空后一句中his指代的对象。故选C项。 刷7选5 104 3.___ F 解析 根据后文“I set my alarm for a painfully early 5 am to see whether it was worth the reputation.”可知，后文提到作者将闹钟设定到早上五点，想看看这本书是否真的名不虚传，由此可知，作者一开始是对这本书所说的内容抱有怀疑的态度。F项（一开始，我对这本书没有信心，因为我习惯了之前的晨间日程）符合语境，故选F项。 4.___ D 解析 空前讲到作者按着书中所讲的内容在早晨五点起床后做的一系列事情；空后讲到新的晨间日程带来的好处，如帮助作者专注于最重要的事和帮助人们提升技能，由此可知，设空处应该与书中建议的晨间日程的好处相关。D项（据说这种日程能改变效率、健康和幸福感）符合语境，故选D项。 刷7选5 105 5.___ B 解析 空前讲到每天花费20分钟阅读和学习可能显得很少；根据后文“If you aim to improve a skill by just 1% each day, over a year, these days will pile up and you’ll have improved the skill by more than 300%.”可知，后文讲到如果每天争取提高1%的技能，坚持一年后，这个技能会累积提高到300%以上，由此可知，设空处应该与上文构成转折，强调坚持和积累的重要性。B项（但是夏尔马认为每天少量的进步可以累积起来）符合语境，且选项中的add up与空后的pile up相呼应，故选B项。 刷7选5 106 ［湖南长沙雅礼中学2024高二期中］When studying at the University of Pittsburgh, I went home to Virginia to see my family one weekend.“Look, I got a best sportsman’s jacket!” I said. Dad . .1. . took his eyes off the TV.I had wanted Dad to . .2. . me all my life, but nothing ever seemed . .3. . enough. I got rid of my . .4. . and went back to Pittsburgh. A month later, Mum called and said that Dad’s diabetes （糖尿病） had got worse.“I’m coming home,” I said.“You’re going to need help.” I moved to a branch . .5. . near home. Every Sunday, with all schoolwork finished, I went home and helped Dad. To my sadness, he . .6. . everything I did.“It’s not you,” Mum explained to me.“What . .7. . him makes him feel bad about himself. His anger was masking his frustration.” I was so . .8. . to hear that. Now I saw his pain went beyond the . .9. . pain, and that made me try harder to . .10. . him. One day we were watching a football game.“I’ll bet you $2 million that Dallas wins,” I said. Dad looked at me.“You don’t have $2 million,” he . .11. ..After that, every time we watched 刷完形填空 107 the game, we made the same bet. Dad laughed more easily and accepted my help more . .12. ..Our relationship was . .13. .. That spring, a week before the National Football League draft （选拔）, we had a party at our house. After everyone had gone, Dad and I were sitting in the living room. He caught my eye.“Whether you make it or not doesn’t . .14. .,” he said.“I’m proud of you.” Maybe our relationship would never be perfect, but I would never . .15. . that he wanted the best for me. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和父亲的关系由紧张到缓和的故事。 刷完形填空 1.( ) A.roughly B.barely C.instantly D.ultimately B 解析 根据下文“I had wanted Dad to ____ me all my life, but nothing ever seemed ____ enough.”可知，作者一直都希望父亲能以自己为荣，但似乎自己做的一切都没能让父亲满意，此处指在作者激动地和父亲分享喜悦时父亲的视线几乎没有离开过电视。barely意为“几乎不”，故选B项。roughly意为“粗略地；大致”；instantly意为“立即”；ultimately意为“最终”。 2.( ) A.make allowance for B.live up to C.make up for D.take pride in D 解析 根据下文中的“‘Whether you make it or not doesn’t ____,’ he said.‘I’m proud of you.’”可知，最后作者终于如愿以偿，父亲表达了他以作者为荣的心情，故此处表示作者希望父亲能够为自己感到骄傲。take pride in意为“对……感到骄傲”，故选D项。make allowance for意为“体谅”；live up to意为“不辜负”；make up for意为“弥补”。 刷完形填空 109 3.( ) A.great B.necessary C.proper D.unforgettable A 解析 根据语境可知，作者一直希望父亲能以自己为荣，但感觉父亲好像不在乎自己，作者认为是自己一切都做得还不够好。故选A项。proper意为“合适的”；unforgettable意为“令人难忘的”。 4.( ) A.excitement B.confusion C.disappointment D.embarrassment C 解析 根据上文“‘Look, I got a best sportsman’s jacket!’ I said.Dad ____ took his eyes off the TV.”可知，作者起初的心情是很激动的，然而父亲的反应让作者很失望，所以此处表示作者摆脱了失望的情绪，回到了匹兹堡。故选C项。 5.( ) A.company B.store C.hospital D.college D 解析 根据文章开头可知，作者还在匹兹堡大学上学，此处表示作者转到了离家很近的一所分校，方便帮忙照顾父亲。 刷完形填空 110 6.( ) A.criticised B.examined C.expected D.declined A 解析 根据上文To my sadness及下文语境可知，作者的父亲挑剔作者所做的一切。criticise意为“挑剔；批评；批判”，故选A项。expect意为“指望；期望”；decline意为“拒绝；谢绝”。 7.( ) A.frightened B.bothered C.attacked D.injured C 解析 根据下文中的makes him feel bad about himself并结合上文父亲患病可知，此处表示父亲觉得受疾病侵袭的自己很糟糕。bother意为“困扰”；attack意为“（疾病）侵袭；损害”。故选C项。 8.( ) A.surprised B.anxious C.relieved D.glad A 解析 根据上文内容可知，作者一直认为是自己做得不够好，所以父亲对自己不满意，因此得知这个事实的时候，作者感到很惊讶。故选A项。relieved意为“放心的”。 9.( ) A.needless B.sharp C.bodily D.imaginary C 解析 根据上文中的“What ____ him makes him feel bad about himself.His anger was masking his frustration.”可知，作者得知了父亲精神上的痛苦超出了身体上的痛苦。 刷完形填空 111 10.( ) A.praise B.refuse C.persuade D.understand D 解析 根据上文Now I saw his pain went beyond the ____ pain可知，在得知自己误会父亲以后，作者更努力地去理解父亲。故选D项。praise意为“赞扬”；refuse意为“拒绝”；persuade意为“说服”。 11.( ) A.repeated B.exploded C.laughed D.hesitated C 解析 根据下文中的“Dad laughed more easily and accepted my help more ____.”可知，父亲是笑着对作者说的。故选C项。repeat意为“重复”；explode意为“大发（雷霆）”；hesitate意为“犹豫”。 12.( ) A.reluctantly B.willingly C.cautiously D.rigidly B 解析 根据空前的Dad laughed more easily可知，此处表示父亲更乐意接受作者的帮助了。willingly意为“乐意地”，故选B项。reluctantly意为“勉强地”；cautiously意为“谨慎地”；rigidly意为“固执地”。 刷完形填空 112 13.( ) A.improving B.continuing C.deepening D.worsening A 解析 根据上文内容可知，作者和父亲的关系由紧张到缓和，说明正在改善。故选A项。deepen意为“加深”；worsen意为“恶化”。 14.( ) A.help B.matter C.appear D.finish B 解析 根据空后的“I’m proud of you.”可知，父亲认为作者成功与否并不重要，他一直为作者感到骄傲。matter意为“要紧，重要”。故选B项。 15.( ) A.feel B.believe C.doubt D.deny C 解析 根据前文“‘I’m proud of you.’ Maybe our relationship would never be perfect”和表转折的词but可知，作者从不怀疑父亲想给自己最好的。故选C项。 刷完形填空 113 ［江苏泰州中学2025高二期中］On the Yinxu archaeological site （考古遗址） in Anyang City, the grand new building of the Yinxu Museum stands 1.___________ （remarkable）.This grand building, 2._________ （feature） numerous oracle bone inscriptions （甲骨文）, has become one of the new cultural 3.__________ （landmark） in China. The exhibition hall covers an area of approximately 22,000 square metres. There are nearly 4,000 sets of cultural relics, including bronze ware, pottery, jade, and oracle bones. The hall showcases China’s history and archaeological achievements, interpreting the global 4.___________ （significant） of these things. “Cultural relics that you have seen in media reports, heard of, or even never heard of will 5.____________ （display） in the new museum,” says deputy director of the Yinxu Museum. remarkably featuring landmarks significance be displayed 刷语法填空 114 6.________ （locate） in the northwestern suburb of Anyang City, Yinxu is confirmed as the capital site of the late Shang Dynasty in Chinese history by oracle bone inscriptions. The site is an ideal place to explore Shang culture, Xia culture, 7._____ the origin of Chinese civilisation. Since 1928, archaeologists 8._________________________________ （continue） to conduct archaeological research at the Yinxu site. With the opening of the new Yinxu Museum, the Yin ruins will continue to reveal the secrets of 9.______ makes China become what it is today. Here, the Shang Dynasty, 10._____ its own distinctive characters and rich culture, seems to have travelled through time and space to meet modern people. Located and have continued/have been continuing what with 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了安阳殷墟考古遗址上建成的殷墟博物馆新馆。殷墟作为中国历史上商朝晚期的都城遗址，在研究古代历史中占据重要地位。随着新馆开放，殷墟将继续揭示造就如今中国的诸多奥秘。 刷语法填空 115 1.___________ remarkably 解析 句意为：在安阳市殷墟考古遗址上，宏伟的殷墟博物馆新馆矗立着，引人注目。设空处修饰动词stands，应用副词，作状语，故填remarkably。 2._________ featuring 解析 句意为：这座宏伟建筑的特色是拥有众多甲骨文，已成为中国新的文化地标之一。句中已有谓语has become，因此设空处用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰This grand building，building和feature之间是逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填featuring。 3.__________ landmarks 解析 句意见上一题解析。“one of+可数名词复数”为固定结构，表示“……之一”。故填landmarks。 刷语法填空 116 4.___________ significance 解析 句意为：展厅展示了中国的历史和考古成就，诠释了这些物品的全球意义。设空处被定冠词the和形容词global修饰，应用名词，作interpreting的宾语，故填significance。 5.____________ be displayed 解析 句意为：“那些你在媒体报道中见过、听过，甚至闻所未闻的文物，都将在殷墟博物馆新馆里展出。”殷墟博物馆常务副馆长说道。分析句子结构可知，主句的主语为Cultural relics，display为及物动词，与主句主语之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；空前有表示一般将来时的will，故填be displayed。 刷语法填空 117 6.________ Located 解析 句意为：殷墟位于安阳市的西北郊，经甲骨文证实为中国历史上商朝晚期的都城遗址。句中已有谓语is confirmed as，设空处应用非谓语动词；be located in为固定搭配，表示“位于；坐落于”，此处作状语，故填Located。 7._____ and 解析 句意为：这一遗址是探索夏商时期的文化和中华文明起源的理想之地。Shang culture、Xia culture与the origin of Chinese civilisation为并列成分，共同作explore的宾语，应用and连接。故填and。 刷语法填空 118 8._________________________________ have continued/have been continuing 解析 句意为：自1928年以来，考古学家一直在殷墟遗址持续进行考古研究。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语；由时间状语Since 1928可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语archaeologists为复数，助动词用have。故填have continued。此处也可以理解为动作一直在持续进行，并且未来还有可能延续下去，故也可用现在完成进行时。故填have been continuing。 9.______ what 解析 句意为：随着殷墟博物馆新馆的开放，殷墟将继续揭示造就今日之中国的奥秘。此处引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，从句中缺少主语，此处表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导该从句。 10._____ with 解析 句意为：在这里，拥有自己的独特文字和丰富多彩文化的商朝仿佛穿越时空来与现代人邂逅。根据句意可知，此处表示“有；拥有”，应用介词with。 刷语法填空 119 设你校英文报开展了主题为“用英语讲好中国人的故事”的写作比赛，要求全体同学参加。请你以The Person I Admire为题介绍一位你敬佩的人，内容包括： 1.简要介绍其个人经历； 2.主要事迹或成就； 3.你的认识或感悟。 注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.题目已为你写好。 The Person I Admire _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 刷应用文写作 120 【思路点拨】 刷应用文写作 121 【参考范文】 The Person I Admire Mo Yan, whose real name is Guan Moye, is one of the people I admire.He was born of an ordinary peasant family in Shandong Province in 1955.At that time people didn’t live a rich life and attached little importance to school education.As a consequence, he dropped out in the fifth grade in primary school.While working as a young peasant, out of a strong passion for literature, he was committed to a variety of Chinese classics and gradually practised writing stories. Mo Yan created many famous literature works including Red Sorghum and Frog.His novel Frog earned him the Mao Dun Literature Prize in 2011 and he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012. In my opinion, what makes Mo Yan so extraordinary is not only his famous works but also his commitment to what he loves. 刷应用文写作 122 $$