选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Revealing nature-【高中必刷题】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修1+2同步课件（外研版）

英语 选择性必修 第一册 WY 1 选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Revealing nature 2 01 Period I Starting out & Understanding ideas Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar 3 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the theory of _________ （evolve）. evolution 解析 句意为：我们很自然地将达尔文的名字与进化论联系在一起。设空处作介词of的宾语，此处指“进化论”，应用名词。故填evolution。 2.We watched a show of drones at a ________ （distant）, enjoying the colourful spectacle. distance 解析 句意为：我们从远处观看了一场无人机表演，欣赏着这绚丽多彩的壮观景象。at a distance为固定短语，意为“从远处”，故填distance。 3.Grain Buds, the 8th solar term of a year, means that the ______ （seed） from the grain are becoming full but are not ripe. seeds 解析 句意为：小满是一年中的第八个节气，意味着谷粒正变得饱满但尚未成熟。that引导宾语从句，设空处作该从句的主语，根据从句谓语are becoming可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填seeds。 刷单句填空 4 4.A group of __________ （geology） are working together to analyse the data from the recent seismic activity. geologists 解析 句意为：一群地质学家正共同努力分析近期地震活动的数据。设空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词；结合句意可知，设空处表示“地质学家”，应用geologist，为可数名词，且其前有A group of修饰，应用名词复数形式。 5.Shops were crowded _____ customers looking over the colourful displays. with 解析 句意为：商店里挤满了顾客，他们看着这些五颜六色的陈列品。be crowded with… 为固定搭配，意为“挤满……；充满……”。故填with。 6.I’m only worried about his attitude to the job. His ability is not ___ question. in 解析 句意为：我只是担心他对这份工作的态度。他的能力是毋庸置疑的。in question为固定短语，表示“有疑问；不确定；讨论中的”。故填in。 刷单句填空 5 7.Nowadays, cycling is regarded ___ one of the best all-round forms of exercise. as 解析 句意为：如今，骑自行车运动被认为是最好的全能运动形式之一。regard… as… 为固定搭配，意为“认为……是……”。 8.The caves date back ___ early Viking times in about 800 CE. to 解析 句意为：这些洞穴可以追溯到大约在公元800年的维京时代早期。date back to为固定搭配，意为“追溯到”。故填to。 9.Police arrested over 13,000 people suspected ___ illegally collecting, stealing and purchasing personal data. of 解析 句意为：警方逮捕了13,000多名涉嫌非法收集、窃取和购买个人数据的人。suspect sb of （doing） sth意为“怀疑某人（做）某事”，为固定搭配。 10.He made a speech ___wonderfully that everyone present at the conference admired him. so 解析 句意为：他作了如此精彩的演讲，以至于出席会议的每个人都很钦佩他。设空处修饰副词wonderfully，根据句中的that可知，设空处应填so，构成so… that句型，意为“如此……以至于”。 刷单句填空 6 易混辨析so… that与such… that的区别 （1）so… that 引导结果状语从句的结构为： so+形容词/副词+that从句 so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句 so+many/few+可数名词复数+that从句 so+much/little（少）+不可数名词+that从句 如：He had so little experience that it was not easy for him to solve the problem.他经验太少，对他来说解决这个问题不容易。 刷单句填空 7 （2）such… that引导结果状语从句的结构为： such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句 such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句 such+a lot of/lots of+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句 如：This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it.=The book is so interesting that we all enjoy reading it.这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。 刷单句填空 8 根据提示补全句子。 1.做所有事情的第一步都是要把身体调节到最佳状态。 （the first… to do； adjust） _____ _____ _____ ___ ____ __________ ___ ______ _____ ______ ___ the peak state. The first step to do everything is adjust your body to 2.这家超市商品种类繁多，能满足不同消费者的需求。（variety） The supermarket has ___ __________ _______ ___ ______, which can meet the needs of different consumers. a large/wide variety of goods 3.宣纸被称为文房四宝之一，最早出现于唐朝时期的宣州。（exist） Xuan paper, known as one of the Four Treasures of the Study, first ______ ___ _____ in Xuanzhou prefecture in the Tang Dynasty. came to exist 4.他给了我发挥我的才能的机会，这使我更有信心。（chance） ____ _____ ____ ______ _______ ___ ____ ____ ___________, which made me feel more confident. He gave me the/a chance to use my talent（s） 刷单句表达 9 5.在同学们的欢呼声中，他第一个到达终点。（with复合结构； cheer for） ______ _______ __________ _________ ____ _____, he became the first to get to the finishing line. With his/the classmates cheering for him 解析 此处为“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构，classmates与cheer for之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作宾补。 刷单句表达 10 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There was a good chance for a young man 1.______ （call） Charles Darwin. He was determined to profit from the visit to distant countries yet little known. He 2._____________ （attract） by rocks, plants and animals. So he started 3.___ journey on the ship, the Beagle, to study various living things in their natural environments. A question came to his mind: how did different species come to exist?He found some species of animals were similar to each other. Maybe they evolved as they adapted 4.___ the changing environments. This idea inspired him 5._________ （search） for more evidence. When the ship arrived on the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin noticed a 6.__________ （different） between the finches on each island. It seemed their beaks 7.____________ （evolve） according to what food could be found on that particular island. Over time, they had slowly evolved into many new species. So he believed that new species of plants and animals evolved from earlier ancestors.8._______ （final）, Darwin explained this theory in his book On called was attracted a to to search difference had evolved Finally 刷课文改编填空 11 the Origin of Species, 9._______ was not published until 1859.This book immediately caused a storm. People were shocked, but Darwin’s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people believed his theory. Nowadays, the book has become one of the 10.______________ （important） works ever written, which has changed ideas about life on Earth forever. which most important 刷课文改编填空 1.______ called 解析 call与a young man之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故设空处应用过去分词作后置定语。 2._____________ was attracted 解析 此处讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；attract与He之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为He，助动词用was。 3.___ a 解析 journey在文中第一次出现，泛指“一次旅行”，journey的发音以辅音音素开头，其前应用不定冠词a修饰。 4.___ to 解析 adapt to意为“适应”。 5._________ to search 解析 inspire sb to do sth意为“激励某人做某事”，为固定搭配。 刷课文改编填空 13 6.__________ difference 解析 设空处作noticed的宾语，其前有不定冠词a修饰，应用名词单数形式。 7.____________ had evolved 解析 此处表示“过去的过去”发生的事情，应用过去完成时。 8._______ Finally 解析 设空处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词形式。 9._______ which 解析 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导该从句。 10.______________ most important 解析 “one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”意为“最……的……之一”。 刷课文改编填空 14 ［广东名校联盟2025高二期中］阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Honoured as the wonder on the Yellow River, Hukou Waterfall is the largest yellowish waterfall in the world and the second largest waterfall in China next 1.___ Huangguoshu Waterfall in Guizhou Province. The waterfall 2.__________ （locate） at the intersection of Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province. Two scenic areas in the two provinces are built for travellers 3.__________ （admire） the glory of this waterfall. Its water flow can be as wide as 300 metres and as narrow as 20 metres, so the water erupts with a whistling sound like that of a huge boiling pot of water. That’s 4._____ the Chinese call it “Hukou”, which means “a teapot spout” in Chinese. to is located to admire why 刷语法填空 15 Hukou Waterfall produces 5.____ impressive scene in summer. When its water falls from a 6._______ （high） of about 20 metres, the waterfall changes colour from yellow to grey 7._____ then to blue. The waterfall is even 8._______________ （surprising） in winter, when a part of the river freezes to form fantastic cliffs of snow and ice with the waterfall 9._________ （break） away in-between. The best time to visit the waterfall is the periods from April to May and from September to November. Hukou Waterfall is without doubt an 10.__________ （extreme） splendid sight in China. an height and more surprising breaking extremely 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了壶口瀑布的概况，包括其地理位置、名称由来、特色以及最佳游览时间等。 刷语法填空 16 1.___ to 解析 句意为：壶口瀑布被誉为“黄河奇观”，是世界上最大的黄色瀑布，也是仅次于贵州省黄果树瀑布的中国第二大瀑布。此处考查固定短语next to，意为“仅次于；紧接”。 2.__________ is located 解析 句意为：壶口瀑布位于山西省和陕西省的交界处。设空处作谓语，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，locate 和主语The waterfall之间为被动关系，且主语是第三人称单数，故填is located。 3.__________ to admire 解析 句意为：这两个省建了两个景区供游客欣赏壶口瀑布的壮丽美景。句中已有谓语，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to admire。 刷语法填空 17 4._____ why 解析 句意为：这就是中国人称它为“壶口”的原因，壶口在中文中意为“茶壶嘴”。设空处引导表语从句，结合句意可知，设空处表示“为什么”，应用关系副词why，在从句中作原因状语。故填why。 5.____ an 解析 句意为：夏季时，壶口瀑布会形成一幅令人印象深刻的景象。此处表泛指，意为“一幅令人印象深刻的景象”，应用不定冠词，impressive的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 6._______ height 解析 句意为：当瀑布的水流从大约20米的高度落下时，瀑布的颜色从黄色变成灰色，然后变成蓝色。设空处作介词from的宾语，且空前有不定冠词a修饰，应用名词单数形式，结合句意可知，设空处表示“高度”。故填height。 刷语法填空 18 7._____ and 解析 句意见上一题解析。结合句意及空后的then可知，此处表示“从黄色变成灰色，然后变成蓝色”，应用and then表示“然后，接着”，用于连接按顺序发生的事件或动作，表示先后顺序。故填and。 8._______________ more surprising 解析 句意为：冬季时，瀑布更加令人惊叹，河流的一部分会结冰，形成吸引人的冰雪悬崖，瀑布就在其间奔腾而下。设空处作表语，且设空处前的even常用于修饰比较级，再结合语境可知，此处表示相比于夏季的景色，壶口瀑布冬季的景色更令人惊叹，故设空处应用surprising的比较级。 刷语法填空 19 9._________ breaking 解析 句意见上一题解析。此处为with复合结构，____ away in-between作宾语补足语，break away和waterfall在逻辑上是主动关系，因此设空处应用现在分词形式。故填breaking。 10.__________ extremely 解析 句意为：壶口瀑布无疑是中国极为壮丽的一道风景线。设空处修饰形容词splendid，应用extreme的副词形式extremely作状语，意为“极度，非常”。故填extremely。 刷语法填空 20 01 Period I Starting out & Understanding ideas Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 21 A “It’s a windy day in Laguna San Ignacio, and the waves seem to come from all directions,” said Sara Clemence in Bloomberg Businessweek.My children and I are riding on an 18-foot boat—small enough that we can reach down into the water if a gray whale swims up alongside. And then we see what we’ve come for: a heart-shaped shower of water and a dark mass rushing below it. As instructed, we splash （往……上泼） the water strongly to signal the huge whale, which turns out to be a mother with her weeks-old baby. The baby soon swims beneath our boat, emerges to blow mist in my face, and then “lies onto its side like a 2-ton puppy”.Leaning down, I touch its skin gently.“It feels electric. Also, a bit like petting a hard-boiled egg.” San Ignacio is one of the very few places where a person can pet a whale. The whales come each year to the coast of Baja California to give birth and to mate. If you’re lucky, you can “shake hands with a leathery fin （鳍）” or even “plant a kiss on a cold, salty cheek”.I 刷阅读理解 22 usually worry about such interactions, because wild creatures can become deeply stressed by human contact. But boat numbers are strictly limited in these protected waters. And any whale that approaches a boat does so on its own terms.Like that baby whale: “We see him a few times, and he seems to like being petted and splashed.” So we are two species, connecting through the touch and eye contact: “More than once, after nosing around our boat, a young gray whale turns on its side so one dark, baseball-size eye is looking up at us.” Whalers used to call gray whales “devil fish” because these magnificent creatures turn violent when threatened—“or, say, when their babies are harmed.” That makes it feel even more of a blessing when, on our third day there, a large mama whale approaches the boat.“I’m splashing when I feel her nose press up into my hand.” Though she’s “wiser and apparently more alert” than her child, “she still decides to trust us.” 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。圣伊格纳西奥湖是为数不多的几个人们可以抚摸鲸鱼的地方之一，文章讲述了作者和孩子在圣伊格纳西奥湖的一段和鲸鱼互动的海上之旅，展现了人与自然界的和谐共处。 刷阅读理解 1.What can we learn from the text?( ) A A.The writer was on a whale-touching trip. B.The writer’s boat went down with a huge wave. C.The baby whale splashed water all over the writer. D.The mother whale’s skin felt as hard as a boiled egg. 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My children and I are riding on an 18-foot boat—small enough that we can reach down into the water if a gray whale swims up alongside.”和第二段中的“San Ignacio is one of the very few places where a person can pet a whale.”可知，作者和孩子正在圣伊格纳西奥湖进行一次接触鲸鱼的旅行。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 24 2.What do the underlined words in paragraph 2 imply about whales in San Ignacio?( ) B A.They’re mad with too many visitors. B.They’re ready for hands-on attention. C.They’re restricted in swimming routes. D.They’re enclosed in their safety zones. 解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的I usually worry about such interactions可知，作者对与鲸鱼互动感到担忧，后文But表转折，在这些受保护的水域，船只的数量是有严格限制的，再根据后文的“Like that baby whale: ‘We… he seems to like being petted and splashed.’”可知，这头小鲸鱼似乎喜欢被抚摸和泼水，故此处表示任何一头鲸鱼接近船只都是出于自己的意愿，即“愿意接受这种允许触摸的关注”。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 25 3.What did gray whales get the name of “devil fish” from?( ) D A.Their strange appearance. B.Their inborn violence. C.Their surprisingly enormous size. D.Their fierceness in danger. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Whalers used to call gray whales ‘devil fish’ because these magnificent creatures turn violent when threatened”可知，捕鲸者过去称灰鲸为“魔鬼鱼”，因为这种巨大的生物在受到威胁时会变得暴力。 刷阅读理解 26 4.What’s the writer’s implied purpose in writing the passage?( ) D A.To popularise the knowledge of whales. B.To show admiration for whales’ motherhood. C.To share an experience of a sea voyage. D.To advocate harmony between man and nature. 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的I touch its skin gently和第二段中的he seems to like being petted and splashed及最后一段中的she still decides to trust us并结合全文内容可知，文章通过描述作者和孩子的一段与鲸鱼互动的海上之旅，想要展现人与自然和谐共处的场景，所以文章隐含的目的是提倡人与自然和谐相处。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 27 B ［福建福州六校联考2025高二期中］The conventional wisdom about insects has been that they are unthinking, unfeeling creatures whose behaviour is entirely hardwired （天生的）.But in the 1990s researchers began making surprising discoveries about insects’ mind. Some species of wasps （黄蜂） recognise their nest mates’ faces and acquire impressive social skills. For example, they can infer the fighting strength of other wasps relative to their own just by watching other wasps fight among themselves. Given the substantial work on the complexity of insect cognition （认知）, it might seem surprising that it took scientists so long to ask if insects are that smart and sentient. Since we have no direct window into the inner world of an animal that cannot verbally communicate its thoughts and feelings, the question of whether insects are sentient remains academic. 刷阅读理解 28 15 years ago, I performed an experiment in which we asked whether bumblebees could learn about threat from their natural enemies. We built a plastic spider model with a mechanism that would briefly trap a bumblebee between two sponges before releasing it. The bumblebees showed a significant change in their behaviour after being attacked by the robotic spider. Perhaps unsurprisingly, they learnt to avoid flowers with spiders and meticulously scanned every flower before landing. Curiously, however, they sometimes even fled from imaginary threats, scanning and then abandoning a perfectly safe, spider-free flower. Although this incidental observation did not constitute formal evidence of an emotion-like state, it did open the door to the idea that such states might exist in insects. 刷阅读理解 29 Some research suggested that insects might have positive states of mind. Researchers discovered that bees actively seek out drugs such as nicotine and caffeine when given the choice and even treat themselves with nicotine when sick. Male fruit flies stressed by being robbed of mating opportunities prefer food containing alcohol, and bees even show withdrawal symptoms when removed from an alcohol-rich diet. Why would insects consume mind-altering substances if there isn’t a mind to alter? But these suggestive hints of negative and positive mind states still fell short of what was needed to demonstrate that insects are sentient. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了昆虫是否也有感受。 刷阅读理解 30 1.What does the example of the wasps indicate?( ) A A.Insects show signs of intelligence. B.Insects can do complex calculations. C.Insects can socialise in a skilful way. D.Insects live in highly complex societies. 解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Some species of wasps recognise their nest mates’ faces and acquire impressive social skills.For example, they can infer the fighting strength of other wasps relative to their own just by watching other wasps fight among themselves.”可知，一些种类的黄蜂有一定的认知能力，它们能识别同伴面孔并推断其他黄蜂的战斗力，由此可知，作者举黄蜂的例子是为了证明昆虫显示出智力的迹象。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 31 2.What does the underlined word “meticulously” in paragraph 3 probably mean?( ) D A.Hesitantly. B.Casually. C.Eagerly. D.Carefully. 解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The bumblebees showed a significant change in their behaviour after being attacked by the robotic spider.Perhaps unsurprisingly, they learnt to avoid flowers with spiders”及scanned every flower before landing可知，在遭到机器蜘蛛的攻击之后，大黄蜂们学着避开有蜘蛛的花朵，并且在降落之前会仔细地查看每一朵花，以防遇到自己的天敌——蜘蛛。由此可推知，画线单词意为“仔细地，小心地”，与D项含义相近。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 32 3.What was unexpected about the bumblebees’ behaviour in the experiment?( ) C A.They avoided flowers with spiders. B.They settled on flowers despite threats. C.They might abandon spider-free flowers. D.They might get scared away by other insects. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Curiously, however, they sometimes even fled from imaginary threats, scanning and then abandoning a perfectly safe, spider-free flower.Although this incidental observation…”可知，在这项实验中，令人出乎意料的是大黄蜂可能会放弃没有蜘蛛的花朵。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 33 4.What does the text mainly discuss?( ) D A.What insects’ various behaviours can reveal. B.How insects communicate their thoughts. C.What amazing power insects possess. D.Whether insects are capable of feelings. 解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中的“Given the substantial work on the complexity of insect cognition, it might seem surprising that it took scientists so long to ask if insects are that smart and sentient.”、第三段中的it did open the door to the idea that such states might exist in insects和第四段中的“Some research suggested that insects might have positive states of mind.”可知，本文开篇提出论点：昆虫是否有感知能力，之后则通过实验和研究来证明昆虫能够识别来自天敌的威胁并主动避险，并能通过摄入尼古丁等药物进行自我疗伤等。故本篇文章主要讨论了昆虫是否有感知能力。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 34 长难句分析 句意：15年前，我进行了一项实验，在实验中我们提出了一个问题：大黄蜂能否了解到来自天敌的威胁。 刷阅读理解 35 词汇加油站 核心词汇 1.given prep.考虑到 2.fall short of 未达到；不符合 3.demonstrate vt.证明；表达；示范 进阶词汇 1.substantial adj.大量的 2.mechanism n.机械装置；机制 3.alter vt.& vi.（使）改变，更改 刷阅读理解 36 ［全国乙2023］Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.1.___, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood （心情）, reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species （物种） are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.2.___. B D 刷7选5 37 Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says,“3.___.I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.4.___. Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.“5.___,” Spoelstra says.“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” C E G 刷7选5 38 A.All plants are different B.Not only do they look beautiful C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 【语篇导读】研究表明，室内植物可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助提升记忆力来促进人们的健康。本文主要介绍了种植室内植物的必要性和如何选择有益的室内植物。 刷7选5 39 1.___ B 解析 根据下文的“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood, reducing stress and helping their memory”以及“What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.”可知，此处应指出室内植物的优点。结合选项并根据空后的but可知，B项（它们不仅看起来漂亮）衔接上下文，符合语境。故选B项。 2.___ D 解析 结合本段小标题可知，本段应介绍室内植物的定义。根据上文的“Many of these species are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.”可知，许多室内植物不适合在室外生长，此处应承接上文，说明这些植物在室内生长会怎样。D项（相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好）符合语境。D项中的they指代前文的Many of these species，且D项中的they grow better inside与前文的not ideally suited to growing outside呼应，where it is warmer与前文的especially in the winter呼应。故选D项。 刷7选5 40 3.___ C 解析 根据本段小标题可知，本段主要介绍室内植物为什么对人有好处。根据下文的plants around the house can really lift your mood和“indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory”以及pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases可知，本段列举了在室内种植植物的很多具体好处，所以设空处应总起，指出种植室内植物有很多好处。C项（在室内种植植物有很多好处）引出下文列举的在室内种植植物的具体好处，衔接连贯，符合语境。 4.___ E 解析 上文提到盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气，它们还能去除绘画颜料或烹饪过程中的一些有害化学物质。设空处位于段尾，应承接上文，继续介绍室内植物在空气净化方面的益处。E项（像白鹤芋和绿萝这样的植物就属于最佳植物）衔接上文，符合语境。故选E项。 刷7选5 41 易错警示本题易错选F项，学生会因为上文“There is also research showing that pot plants…”中提到pot plants,而将其对应F项中的 the pot of your plant。若不仔细审读上下文，会根据词汇复现而错选F项。本段主要介绍室内植物为什么对人有好处，没有提到如何照顾室内植物，所以F项（不时地更换你的植物的花盆也会有所帮助）不符合本段主旨。 刷7选5 42 5.___ G 解析 根据本段小标题和下文的“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”可知，设空处应与植物选择有关，还应提及下文It指代的具体内容。再结合下文的“它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和关注点，并有助于建立家与自然之间的联系”可知，G项（了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的）衔接上下文，符合语境。故选G项。 刷7选5 43 词汇加油站 核心词汇 mature vi.长成；成熟 adj.成熟的 熟词生义 back 熟义：n.背部 adj.背后的；后面的 生义：vt.支持；帮助 back up支持；证实（某人所言） 构词法 un- prefix 不；未；非；反 unsung adj.被埋没的；未被颂扬的 刷7选5 44 02 Period II Using language—Presenting ideas Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar 45 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.Early _________ （detect） of cancers can greatly increase the chances of curing even if you haven’t had any symptoms yet. detection 解析 句意为：即使你现在什么症状也没有，及早发现癌症能大大增加治愈的可能性。设空处作主语，其前有形容词Early修饰，其后有of cancers限定，应用名词形式，detection为不可数名词。 2.Despite their many differences, all human beings share several distinctive _____________ （characteristic）, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs. characteristics 解析 句意为：尽管有很多不同之处，但所有的人都有几个共同的鲜明特征，如大脑的体积大和双腿能直立行走。characteristic在此意为“特征；特性”，为可数名词，且设空处前有several修饰，故用复数。 刷单句填空 46 3.That work and creative activities are important drivers of human progress is deeply _______ （root） in our social values. rooted 解析 句意为：工作和创造性活动是人类进步的重要驱动因素，这一观点深深植根于我们的社会价值观。be rooted in sth为固定搭配，意为“植根于某物”。故填rooted。 4.The ancient Silk Road linked China ___________ some countries in Central Asia as early as over 1,000 years ago. to/with/and 解析 句意为：早在1,000多年前，古丝绸之路就将中国与中亚一些国家联系起来。link… to/with/and… 意为“将……和……联系起来”，为固定搭配。故填to/with/and。 刷单句填空 47 5.___ particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. In 解析 句意为：特别是，他的画以逼真的人物面孔和深刻的情感影响而有别于其他绘画。in particular为固定短语，意为“特别；尤其”。故填In。 6.The maidenhair tree （银杏树） is native ___ China and widely planted for various uses in traditional medicine and as a source of food. to 解析 句意为：银杏树原产于中国，因在传统医药方面的多种用途和作为一种食物来源而被广泛种植。be native to… 意为“原产于……；源于……的”，为固定搭配。 7.The daily newspaper circulation had declined ____ about 2%, dropping from 528 million in 2016 to 519 million in 2017. by 解析 句意为：日报发行量下降了大约2%，从2016年的5.28亿下降到2017年的5.19亿。根据句意及设空处后的about 2%可知，此处指下降的幅度，decline后应用介词by,意为“下降了……”。 刷单句填空 48 知识拓展decline to… 下降到…… reduce by… 减少了…… reduce to… 减少到…… increase by… 增加了…… increase to… 增加到…… 刷单句填空 49 8.Basing his conclusion on the evidence he collected on the spot, he proved that the suspect was ___ blame for the accident. to 解析 句意为：根据他在现场收集的证据，他得出结论，证明嫌疑人应为事故负责。be to blame for为固定表达，意为“应该为……负责任”。故填to。 9.With her talent and determination, it appears_____ the sky could be the limit for Alice. that 解析 句意为：凭借她的天赋和决心，艾丽斯似乎前途不可限量。it appears that… 意为“似乎……”，it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。 10.The office building in the city centre is said _________________ （build） since last year. to have been built 解析 句意为：市中心的那座办公楼据说去年就开始建了。be said to do sth为固定搭配，意为“据说做某事”，结合since last year可知，build表示的动作先于is said之前发出，且office building和build之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用不定式的完成被动式。故填to have been built。 刷单句填空 50 根据提示补全句子。 1.它们这样做既是为了散播自身的气味，也是为了赶走潜在的侵入者。（drive） They do this both to spread their scent and to ______ ______ _________ intruders. drive away potential 2.一些学生学习是因为它不可避免；相比之下，安娜真的对学习感兴趣。 Some students study because it’s unavoidable;______ ________, Anna is truly interested in learning. by/in contrast 3.新成立的委员会的政策能否付诸实施还说不准。（remain） ___ ________ ___ ____ _____ whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice. It remains to be seen 4.这一大片林地是许多鸟类和其他野生动物的家园。 （home） This large woodland___ ______ ___ many birds and other wildlife. is home to 5.有证据表明，能坚持理想的人往往更有可能取得成功。（evidence） ______ ___ _________ _____ people who can stick to their ideals are often more likely to achieve success. There is evidence that 刷单句表达 51 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 1.By the end of last year, great changes __________ （take） place in my home town with the development of tourism. had taken 解析 句意为：随着旅游业的发展，到去年年底，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。根据时间状语By the end of last year可知，此处应用过去完成时。故填had taken。 2.Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him what_____________ （happen）. had happened 解析 句意为：看到约翰眼里含着泪水冲进房间，我问他发生了什么事。分析句子结构可知，what引导宾语从句，happen表示的动作发生在ask表示的动作之前，主句用了一般过去时，故从句表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故填had happened。 刷单元语法 52 3.By the time the meeting started, he ___________ （refuse） all the proposed changes. had refused 解析 句意为：到会议开始的时候，他已经拒绝了所有提出的修改。根据By the time可知，refuse所表示的动作发生在started所表示的动作之前，所以应用过去完成时。故填had refused。 4.The manager got to the company hurriedly, only to find that he ________ （leave） his laptop and files at home. had left 解析 句意为：经理匆忙赶到公司，结果却发现他把笔记本电脑和文件夹忘在家里了。分析句子可知，got to the company用的是一般过去时，“电脑和文件夹忘在家里”应该发生在“经理赶到公司”之前，所以是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had left。 刷单元语法 53 5.Peter ____________ （intend） to take up the job offer, but finally rejected it due to the long commuting time. had intended 解析 句意为：彼得本打算接受这份工作，但由于通勤时间太长，他最终拒绝了。根据后文but finally rejected it due to the long commuting time可知，此处表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had intended。 6.It was the first time that she _________________ （expose） to another culture. had been exposed 解析 句意为：这是她第一次接触另一种文化。此处考查固定句型it was the first time that…，意为“这是第一次……”。该句型中主句为一般过去时，从句要用过去完成时，expose和she之间为被动关系，故此处应填had been exposed。 刷单元语法 54 7.When my English teacher told me that I________________ （choose） as a competitor, I devoted myself to the preparation. had been chosen 解析 句意为：当我的英语老师告诉我，我被选为参赛者时，我全身心地投入准备。设空处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语，从句主语I和choose之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且choose的动作发生在told的动作之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had been chosen。 8.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we ____________ （assume） previously. had assumed 解析 句意为：手写所有邀请函比我们之前认为的要耗时。设空处为从句谓语，assume发生在主句描述的情况之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had assumed。 刷单元语法 55 9.She ____________ （finish） all her homework before her mother came back home. had finished 解析 句意为：在妈妈回家之前，她已经完成了所有家庭作业。结合句意和before可知，“完成作业”的动作发生在“妈妈回家”的动作之前，从句用了一般过去时，故主句表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”，因此主句应用过去完成时。故填had finished。 10.By the time Henry was 12 years old, he _____________ （collect） more than a thousand stamps. had collected 解析 句意为：亨利到12岁时已经收集了一千多张邮票。根据时间状语By the time Henry was 12 years old可知，主句应用过去完成时，表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成的动作。故填had collected。 刷单元语法 56 ［河南驻马店2024高二期中］阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Camellias （山茶花） are available in a great range 1.___ colours—red, pink, white and mixed colours. For the longest time, the golden camellias lived in a valley 2.__________ was unknown to the outside world. In the 1960s, Chinese scientists announced their discovery of the golden camellias. It was an 3.________ （amaze） announcement for the international gardening community. Also, the discovery made it achievable 4._________ （create） yellow camellias, though creating a new kind of golden camellia was not very easy. 5._____________ （unfortunate）, in the past, golden camellias were cut down in large numbers because 6.______ （local） needed the limited land space for farming. In 1986, a nature reserve 7._________ （build） in a mountain valley from 200 to 500 metres above sea level, so the camellias could be well protected. Years ago, Huang Zainian and his brothers took of which/that amazing to create Unfortunately locals was built 刷语法填空 57 up the work. In the past 10 years, the Huang brothers have made a great 8.___________ （contribute） to protecting the camellias. Even in hard times they didn’t cut down any golden camellias. Year after year, the Huang brothers spent much time working 9._____ eventually made their hard work pay off. Now the golden camellia is the city flower of Fangchenggang. And life for the Huang brothers is greatly improved by 10.________ （plant） golden camellias. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了金花茶的发现、保护和黄家兄弟的贡献。 contribution and planting 刷语法填空 1.___ of 解析 句意为：山茶花颜色丰富——有红色、粉红色、白色和混合色。a range of… 为固定短语，意为“各种各样的”。 2.__________ which/that 解析 句意为：很长一段时间，金花茶生长在一个不为外界所知的山谷里。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为valley，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导该从句。故填which或that。 3.________ amazing 解析 句意为：这对国际园艺界来说是一则惊人的公告。设空处修饰名词announcement，其前有不定冠词an，应用形容词作定语。amaze的形容词有两种形式：amazing意为“惊人的”，常用于修饰事或物；amazed意为“大为惊奇的”，常用于修饰人。announcement指物，应用amazing修饰。故填amazing。 刷语法填空 59 4._________ to create 解析 句意为：此外，这一发现还让人们能培育出黄色山茶花，尽管培育出一种新的金花茶并不容易。it为形式宾语，achievable为形容词作宾补，此处表示“使得做某事得以实现”，应用不定式作真正的宾语。故填to create。 5._____________ Unfortunately 解析 句意为：遗憾的是，过去由于当地人需要有限的土地空间来耕种，金花茶被大量砍伐。设空处修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词。故填Unfortunately。 6.______ locals 解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处作主语，故local在此为名词，意为“当地人”，是可数名词，根据句意，此处指数量大于一，表示泛指，且其前无限定词修饰，应用复数形式。 刷语法填空 60 7._________ was built 解析 句意为：1986年，在海拔200米至500米的山谷中建立了一个自然保护区，因此这种山茶花可以得到很好的保护。根据时间状语In 1986可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；主语为a nature reserve，表示单数概念，和动词build之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was built。 8.___________ contribution 解析 句意为：在过去的十年里，黄家兄弟为保护金花茶作出了巨大的贡献。make a great contribution to… 意为“为……作出巨大贡献”，为固定搭配。故填contribution。 刷语法填空 61 9._____ and 解析 句意为：年复一年，黄家兄弟花了很多时间工作，最终他们的辛勤劳动得到了回报。spent much time working和eventually made their hard work pay off之间为顺承关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 10.________ planting 解析 句意为：黄家兄弟的生活也因种植金花茶而得到极大改善。设空处作介词by的宾语，应用动名词。 刷语法填空 62 02 Period II Using language—Presenting ideas Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练 63 A It might seem like a fish doesn’t need a car but fishes are actually pretty good drivers, according to a new experiment. Researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Be’er Sheva, Israel, taught six goldfish to drive a motorised water tank. Whenever the fish swam near one of the tank’s walls, facing outwards, the vehicle moved in that direction. That these fish could move on land gave the researchers the conclusion that fishes’ understanding of space and direction is not limited to their natural environment. The goldfish were educated on how to drive during about a dozen 30-minute sessions. The researchers trained each fish to drive from the centre of a small room to a pink board on one wall by giving the fish a treat whenever it reached the wall. The fish was equipped with a camera that continually tracked the fish driver’s position inside the tank. 刷阅读理解 64 In the experiment, during their first sessions, the fish averaged about 2.5 successful trips to the target. During their final sessions, they averaged about 17.5 successful trips. Finally, the animals also took faster, more direct routes to their goal. In further experiments, the goldfish were still able to reach the pink board when starting from random positions around the room, rather than the centre. This finding confirmed that the fish had not merely memorised a set of movements to reach their reward, but were planning routes towards their prize each time. When the researchers tried to hoax the goldfish by placing boards of different colours on the other walls or moving the pink board to the other side of the room, the fish were not fooled, and navigated to the pink board. 刷阅读理解 65 Behavioural neuroscientist Kelly Lambert was “not completely surprised” by the driving abilities of the fish. In her research at the University of Richmond in Virginia, Lambert taught rats to drive toy cars.“But teaching goldfish to navigate such unfamiliar land takes animal driving experiments to the next level,” Lambert said.“I love the fish-out-of-water idea. When it comes to testing the limits of animal navigation, it’s important to diversify and expand our tasks and our species.” 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的实验表明，鱼实际上是很好的司机，它们的空间感和方向感不受环境的限制。文章主要介绍了研究的过程。 刷阅读理解 66 1.How did the researchers train the fish to “drive”?( ) A A.By offering rewards for the fish’s successful trips. B.By making use of the fish’s sense of colour. C.By setting examples to the fish beforehand. D.By playing training videos to the fish. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The researchers trained each fish to drive from the centre of a small room to a pink board on one wall by giving the fish a treat whenever it reached the wall.”可知，研究人员通过对成功到达指定位置的鱼提供奖励，来训练这些鱼“驾驶”。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 67 2.How does paragraph 4 mainly develop?( ) B A.By providing examples. B.By making comparisons. C.By analysing reasons. D.By drawing conclusions. 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，该段介绍了不同实验阶段的结果，并将结果进行对比，故第四段的写作手法为对比。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 68 3.What does the underlined word “hoax” in paragraph 5 mean?( ) D A.Treat. B.Amuse. C.Catch. D.Trick. 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“the fish were not fooled, and navigated to the pink board”可知，当研究人员试图通过在其他墙壁上放置不同颜色的木板或将粉色木板移到房间的另一侧来欺骗金鱼时，金鱼并没有上当，而是“驶”向了粉色木板，故画线词意为“欺骗”。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 69 4.What does the text mainly talk about?( ) C A.Fishes are being studied. B.Fishes are smart animals. C.Fishes are good drivers. D.Fishes are popular pets. 解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段“It might seem like a fish doesn’t need a car but fishes are actually pretty good drivers, according to a new experiment.”并结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究，说明了鱼具有很好的方向感和空间感，且不受环境的限制，并介绍了研究开展的过程。由此可知，C项能够概括本文的主旨。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 70 B ［辽宁省2025高二期中］When ultraviolet （UV，紫外线的） light shines onto the Mexican free-tailed bat’s hairy toes, they light up. That’s because the animals have hairy structures that can absorb UV light and send it out at a different wavelength. The finding marks the first time glowing （发光的） structures have been reported in live bats. Biologist Gual-Suárez and his team had been catching Mexican free-tailed bats outside of a well-known habitat in southern Mexico City. And the night before, the researchers had used nets to capture bats about 20 kilometres to the north, then dusted them with a special powder （粉末） that shines under UV light. The hope was to later detect that powder on bats sampled in the south, proving that the animals were moving between the two locations. “We failed in that,” says Gual-Suárez. However, while searching for signs of the powder with their UV flashlights, the team discovered something even cooler on the powderless bats—glow-in-the-dark toes. 刷阅读理解 71 The researchers also found similarly bright structures on 25 live Mexican free-tailed bats at both sites. The team also tested dead bats kept in museums for research. These lacked glowing structures in the foot, but glowed all over in dull green—probably as a result of chemicals used in the preservation process. “I applaud Gual-Suárez’s paper on both examining live animals, and comparing the museum samples,” says Linda Reinhold, a zoologist in Australia.“That’s good science.” As to what purpose the glowing toes serve, the function is difficult to prove in any animals that glow. But the researchers note that because this species migrates thousands of kilometres at night, and lives in communities of up to millions of individuals, it would make sense if the light-up toes served some sort of role in nighttime communication. “We need to test it in the lab,” says Rodrigo Medellín, an ecologist in Mexico.“This is just the tip of a very deep and very long iceberg that nobody knows anything about.” 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家在研究墨西哥无尾蝙蝠的迁移行为时，意外发现这些蝙蝠的脚趾在紫外线下会发光，并介绍了这一发现的潜在意义。 刷阅读理解 72 1.What were Gual-Suárez and his team aimed at doing originally?( ) C A.Protecting bats from being caught. B.Comparing live bats with museum samples. C.Tracking bats’ movements between two sites. D.Helping bats live in harmony with communities. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The hope was to later detect that powder on bats sampled in the south, proving that the animals were moving between the two locations.”可知，瓜尔-苏亚雷斯和他的团队原本的目的是追踪蝙蝠在两个地点之间的移动情况。故选C项。 刷阅读理解 73 2.What can be learnt about the glowing toes according to the text?( ) B A.They can block UV light. B.They are found by chance. C.They are familiar to humans. D.Their functions are easy to prove. 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, while searching for signs of the powder with their UV flashlights, the team discovered something even cooler on the powderless bats—glow-in-the-dark toes.”可知，发光的脚趾是在偶然的情况下被发现的。故选B项。 刷阅读理解 74 3.What’s Linda Reinhold’s attitude towards Gual-Suárez’s paper?( ) A A.Favourable. B.Cautious. C.Suspicious. D.Negative. 解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“I applaud Gual-Suárez’s paper on both examining live animals, and comparing the museum samples”以及“That’s good science.”可知，琳达对瓜尔-苏亚雷斯的论文持赞成态度。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 75 4.What does Rodrigo Medellín imply in the last paragraph?( ) D A.We should take action to save the iceberg. B.We should make use of new lab equipment. C.People know nothing about bats. D.Further research is needed. 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，罗德里戈认为这一发现还需在实验室里进行试验，这只是人类未知领域的冰山一角，故还需要进行进一步的研究。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 76 词汇加油站 核心词汇 capture vt.捕获（动物） 进阶词汇 preservation n.保存；保护 刷阅读理解 77 ［山东泰安一中2025高二月考］The polar bear was a tiny point in a frozen white world. A film crew began to follow at a distance, gradually getting . .1. ., hoping to get a good picture. However, when the bear found itself being followed, it came to a hole in the ice and lay there. So the crew had to . .2. . outside. For 12 hours they sat, waiting for the bear to make a move. For 12 hours the bear lay half asleep, half . .3. . at the edge of the hole. It was too long; the crew had been working for 22 hours . .4. . on the sea ice. Cold and exhausted, they . .5. . defeat. Hours of waiting for little reward is not . .6. ..“It’s the price we pay to get unique images,” says award-winning photographer Florian Ledoux.“It is a . .7. . for us to get each shot in the Arctic—we push our limits.” The battle is intense especially during winter: . .8. . darkness affects your mood; the lack of routine . .9. . your body clock; you are forever fighting the bitter cold, and everything you touch with . .10. . hands sticks to your skin. However . .11. . your clothes are, the cold makes you suffer. 刷完形填空 78 As an Arctic photographer for years, Ledoux has witnessed the significant . .12. . there. It is heating up, causing ice to melt and . .13. . the whole ecosystem.“Am I just photographing? No,” he says.“I try to catch some unique beauty of . .14. ., to give a voice to the living things that cannot . .15. ..” 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了摄影师们在北极工作的经历。 刷完形填空 1.( ) A.easier B.larger C.closer D.darker C 解析 根据语境并结合常识可知，摄制组跟着一头北极熊，一开始是远远地跟着，后来为了拍摄到好照片，逐渐接近北极熊。 2.( ) A.dig B.dive C.jump D.wait D 解析 根据下文中的“For 12 hours they sat, waiting for the bear to make a move… at the edge of the hole.”和Hours of waiting for little reward可知，北极熊进洞里休息了，摄制组只能在洞外等待北极熊出来。故选D项。 3.( ) A.awake B.alive C.aware D.alone A 解析 根据前文的For 12 hours the bear lay half asleep可知，这头北极熊在这段时间内一直处于半睡半醒的状态。 4.( ) A.forward B.straight C.more D.later B 解析 根据上文内容可知，因为追踪的北极熊开始休息，摄制组一直在等待，此处表示他们已经连续工作了22个小时。straight意为“连续地”，故选B项。 刷完形填空 80 知识拓展straight熟词生义 熟义：adj.直的；坦率的 adv.直接；笔直地 生义：adj.& adv.连续的（地） 刷完形填空 81 5.( ) A.overcame B.forgot C.imagined D.admitted D 解析 根据后文的“Hours of waiting for little reward is not ____.”可知，他们花数个小时等待，却几乎没有回报，所以他们只好承认失败了。admit意为“承认”，故选D项。 6.( ) A.unnecessary B.uncertain C.uncommon D.unfortunate C 解析 根据后文的It’s the price we pay to get unique images可知，这种长时间的等待是为了获得独特的照片而需要付出的代价，由此可推知，此处表示长时间等待而没有收获这种情况应该是摄制组常常会遇到的。uncommon意为“罕见的”。 7.( ) A.bonus B.battle C.chance D.lesson B 解析 根据后文的The battle is intense especially during winter可 知，对他们来说在北极拍摄就是一场战斗。故选B项。 8.( ) A.Endless B.Aimless C.Windless D.Countless A 解析 根据语境及常识可知，北极地区的冬天有极夜现象，因此有一段时期是见不到阳光的，故此处表示无尽的黑暗。 刷完形填空 82 关键点拨根据背景知识解完形填空 完形填空的语篇中渗透着文化差异、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，可以结合这些背景信息得出答案，再结合语境验证答案。例如本题，设空处前后没有明显的提示，但是根据语境可知，摄制组是在北极工作，而根据常识可知，北极有极昼和极夜现象，由此可得出这道题的答案。 刷完形填空 83 9.( ) A.wakes up B.follows up C.messes up D.winds up C 解析 根据上文内容可知，极夜来临时，人们的作息会没有规律，生物钟会被打乱。mess up意为“弄乱；搞砸”，故选C项。wake up意为“使活跃”；follow up意为“跟进”；wind up意为“结束”。 10.( ) A.bare B.empty C.rough D.cold A 解析 根据后文的sticks to your skin和常识可知，北极的冬天极其寒冷，在这样的天气下，徒手接触的东西会粘在皮肤上。bare意为“裸露的”，故选A项。 11.( ) A.dear B.stylish C.thick D.heavy C 解析 根据后文的the cold makes you suffer可知，北极的天气极其寒冷，不管衣服穿得有多厚，都抵挡不住严寒。 12.( ) A.change B.landscape C.accident D.advance A 解析 根据后文的“It is heating up, causing ice to melt and ____ the whole ecosystem.”可知，北极正在升温，导致冰融化，也威胁到整个生态系统，这些都是北极的重大变化。 刷完形填空 84 13.( ) A.developing B.reforming C.monitoring D.threatening D 解析 根据语境和常识可知，北极的气温升高和冰雪融化会对生态系统构成威胁。threaten意为“对……构成威胁”，故选D项。reform意为“改革”；monitor意为“监视”。 14.( ) A.art B.nature C.ice D.space B 解析 根据前文中的“The polar bear was a tiny point in a frozen white world.A film crew began to follow at a distance, gradually getting ____, hoping to get a good picture.”及语境可知，他们拍摄的是北极的生物，属于自然界的一部分。 15.( ) A.run B.see C.hear D.speak D 解析 根据前文中的“It is heating up, causing ice to melt and ____ the whole ecosystem.”和“Am I just photographing? No”以及give a voice可知，北极地区气候变化导致冰雪融化，对整个生态系统构成威胁，而勒杜拍照不仅仅是在记录自然，更重要的是，他希望通过在北极拍摄的照片为那些不会说话的生物发声，呼吁人们保护生态环境。故选D项。 刷完形填空 85 03 单元限时小卷 建议用时：55分钟 86 ［浙江浙南名校联盟2024高二期中］Imagine you’re out in a foreign city to find a restaurant for dinner. Dozens of restaurants are strung together, all with appetising menus and similar prices. How can you pick the best place for refreshment? If you’re like most people, a simple cue （提示） is likely to affect your choice. You will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service. But is this true? In fact, bigger crowds could have come about at random, and here’s why. Early diners with no meaningful cues as to which restaurant to choose may have picked the restaurant casually, for example selecting the place with the nicest name or the prettiest environment. Later passers-by may have misinterpreted their choice as a well-informed decision and blindly followed their example. This could have resulted in a snowball effect, creating a false impression of popularity. In this case, following the example of others couldn’t produce an ideal dinner choice. 刷阅读理解 87 Copying other people’s choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as “herd behaviour”.It is a frequent occurrence among humans as well as many other animals, a common example being sheep. Indeed, the particularly obedient （顺从的） herd animals even inspired the creation of the term “sheeple”, which combines the words “sheep” and “people” for individuals who tend to follow others. Herding can appear to make a lot of sense. I previously discussed the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, which suggests that average judgements of large groups of people often outperform individual choices. Furthermore, following the crowd appears to offer protection and comfort. Finally, following the herd reduces the effort needed to make a personal decision. 刷阅读理解 88 Herd behaviour, while common and easy to explain, holds significant dangers. Contrary to the so-called “wisdom of crowds”, herd behaviour typically relies on so-called “information cascades” （信息级联）, where people take on others’ beliefs or copy their choices without critically considering the hidden reasons. This frequently leads to the imitation of unreasonable or simply stupid behaviour. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了“群体行为”产生的原因，并解释了“群体行为”的概念。文章还强调了从众行为的潜在危险。 刷阅读理解 89 1.What will most newcomers consider when choosing a restaurant?( ) A A.Its popularity. B.Its service. C.Its food. D.Its environment. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You will look for the busiest restaurant with the most diners because its popularity is bound to reflect on the quality of food and service.”可知，受欢迎程度是大多数新来者选择餐厅时考虑的因素。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 90 2.What can we learn about “herd behaviour”?( ) D A.It inspires people’s creation. B.It contributes to ideal choices. C.It comes from sheep behaviour. D.It reflects people’s group psychology. 解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Copying other people’s choices or simply going with the crowd is often referred to as ‘herd behaviour’.”及“Indeed, the particularly obedient herd animals even inspired the creation of the term ‘sheeple’, which combines the words ‘sheep’ and ‘people’ to describe individuals who tend to follow others.”可知，“群体行为”意味着模仿别人的选择或随大流，一般形容那些倾向于跟随别人的人，它反映了人们的群体心理。故选D项。 刷阅读理解 91 3.What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about?( ) A A.The benefits of the “wisdom of crowds”. B.The danger of “herd behaviour”. C.The significance of individual choices. D.The examples of the crowd wisdom. 解析 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的average judgements of large groups of people often outperform individual choices以及“Furthermore, following the crowd appears to offer protection and comfort.Finally, following the herd reduces the effort needed to make a decision.”可知，本段主要介绍了“群体智慧”的益处，它提供了保护和安慰以及减少个人作决定时所需要的努力。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 92 4.What can be a best title for the text?( ) A A.Why You Shouldn’t Follow the Crowd B.How the Crowd Affects Your Choice C.Why “Herd Behaviour” Gains in Popularity D.How You Can Avoid Making Blind Decisions 解析 主旨大意题。本文前三段通过选择餐馆的例子，阐述了盲目跟随他人的选择不一定能选出理想的餐馆；第四段介绍了“群体行为”的定义；最后一段指出，与“群体智慧”不同，“群体行为”会导致不良后果。故本文旨在说明，人们在作决定时不应该有从众行为。A项（为什么你不应该随大流）能概括文章主要内容，适合做本文的标题。故选A项。 刷阅读理解 93 长难句分析 句意：事实上，这些特别听话的群居动物甚至启发了“sheeple”（跟群羊）一词的产生，它由“sheep”和“people”这两个单词组合而成，表示倾向于追随他人的人。 刷阅读理解 94 ［四川成都七中2024高二期中］If you have watched the amazing Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, chances are that you have fallen in love with some winter sports and you’re already making sure your equipment is ready for them.1.___ However, there’s another element to get ready for the slopes: your body. Even if you exercise regularly, skiing, snowshoeing and skating challenge your muscles in ways other activities don’t. 2.___ Your metabolism （新陈代谢） increases to warm you up. Your heart and lungs also need to work harder to warm air before it enters your body. Depending on the sport, certain muscles may also be used more frequently compared to activities in other seasons. The good news is that most winter sports involve heart endurance, muscle strength and muscle endurance.3.___ D B F 刷7选5 95 But there are still some other things to think about. Skiing and snowboarding are great winter sports that provide a total body workout.4.___ As anyone who has spent time skiing or snowboarding can prove, after a long day on the slopes, the body becomes extremely tired. And that is when injuries are more likely to occur.5.___ Before the winter season, a regular exercise programme should include exercises that get the blood running while challenging the entire body, such as stair climbing or running. The intensity should vary from 20 to 45 minutes at least 3 to 5 days a week. As winter nears, adding a cardio workout （有氧运动） longer in duration but lower in intensity can help increase endurance. E G 刷7选5 A.Maybe you haven’t bought all the equipment. B.Exercising in the cold decreases your body temperature. C.You should take advantage of this opportunity to have a rest. D.Probably, you have got your skis tuned and skates sharpened. E.However, it can be hard on the body the first time you hit the slopes. F.All of them are areas which can be trained before the winter season comes. G.To avoid this, you need to take some time to strengthen your body and improve endurance. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何为冬季运动做好热身准备。 刷7选5 97 1.___ D 解析 根据上文的you’re already making sure your equipment is ready for them及下文的“However, there’s another element to get ready for the slopes: your body.”可知，设空处应介绍准备好了哪些装备，D项（也许你已经调好了滑雪板，磨尖了冰鞋）符合语境，承接上文，并与下文形成转折。 2.___ B 解析 根据下文的“Your metabolism increases to warm you up.Your heart and lungs also need to work harder to warm air before it enters your body.”可知，为了让人暖和起来，体内的新陈代谢会加快，心脏和肺也需要更加努力地工作来加热空气，由此可知，B项（在寒冷的天气里锻炼会降低你的体温）符合语境，引起下文。 刷7选5 98 3.___ F 解析 根据上文的“The good news is that most winter sports involve heart endurance, muscle strength and muscle endurance.”可知，大多数冬季运动都涉及心脏耐力、肌肉力量和肌肉耐力，设空处应对这些方面进行进一步说明，F项（这些都是可以在冬季到来之前进行训练的地方）承接上文，符合语境，并且F项中的them指代上文的“heart endurance, muscle strength and muscle endurance”。 4.___ E 解析 空前的“Skiing and snowboarding are great winter sports that provide a total body workout.”说明滑雪和单板滑雪是很好的冬季运动，空后的“As anyone who has spent time skiing or snowboarding can prove, after a long day on the slopes, the body becomes extremely tired.”说明滑雪和单板滑雪这两项运动是很累人的，设空处应提及这两项运动的不易，E项（然而，当你第一次上斜坡时，你的身体可能会很难受）说明了这一点，引起下文，符合语境。 刷7选5 99 5.___ G 解析 空前的“And that is when injuries are more likely to occur.”说明在这个时候容易受伤，G项（为了避免这种情况，你需要花一些时间来增强你的体质和提高耐力）介绍了避免受伤的方法，承接上文，且G项中的this指代空前提到的容易受伤这种情况。 刷7选5 100 ［江西八校协作体2025高二联考］Flying over the Brazilian city of São Paulo, people hardly miss the scene of 3.2-kilometre-long and 100-metre-wide green trees between the city’s busiest roads. It is known as Tiquatira Linear Park, and it is the work of a single man who has worked . .1. . for over 20 years. Originally, Hélio da Silva was a successful manager. But after . .2. ., he started planting trees in 2003 and hasn’t . .3. . since. Within the first four years of his project, he planted 5,000 trees. His impressive . .4. . made the government of São Paulo . .5. . his efforts and acknowledge the area as the first linear park in São Paulo. This . .6. . Da Silva to continue planting trees. By 2020, the retired . .7. . had planted more than 25,047 trees in a 3.2-kilometre-long area. For every 12 trees, he planted a fruit-bearing species in the . .8. . of attracting birds and animals. His work . .9. ., as 45 types of birds had been . .10. . in the park. 刷完形填空 101 Today, the trees in Tiquatira Linear Park . .11. . over 41,000, and Da Silva doesn’t plan on stopping . .12. . until the count reaches at least 50,000.Once labelled as . .13. . or spending most of his time planting trees in an area most people avoided, Da Silva is now praised as a local hero.“My motivation comes from the trees themselves because trees give us flowers and fruits, . .14. . rainwater, attract birds and provide us with . .15. . shade and fresh air,” Da Silva said. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了退休后的埃利奥·达席尔瓦二十多年来一直坚持种树，成为人们心中的植树英雄的故事。 刷完形填空 102 1.( ) A.nervously B.tirelessly C.secretly D.unwillingly B 解析 根据下文中的“But after ____, he started planting trees in 2003 and hasn’t ____ since.”可知，二十多年来，达席尔瓦一直坚持种树，结合选项可知，此处表示这座公园是达席尔瓦不知疲倦地工作了20多年的成果。故选B项。 2.( ) A.recovering B.escaping C.retiring D.waiting C 解析 根据下文中的“By 2020, the retired ____ had planted more than 25,047 trees in a 3.2-kilometre-long area.”可知，达席尔瓦退休后开始种树。 3.( ) A.stopped B.survived C.refused D.smiled A 解析 根据上文中的who has worked ____ for over 20 years及语境可知，达席尔瓦从退休之后就开始种树，一直没停过。 刷完形填空 103 4.( ) A.speech B.drawing C.dancing D.achievement D 解析 根据上文内容可知，二十多年来达席尔瓦坚持种树，他的努力得到了圣保罗政府的认可，政府将他种树的那片区域规划为圣保罗的第一个带状公园。由此可知，这是他取得的令人印象深刻的成就。故选D项。 5.( ) A.ignore B.doubt C.recognise D.expect C 解析 根据下文acknowledge the area as the first linear park in São Paulo可知，他令人印象深刻的成就使圣保罗政府认可了他的努力。recognise意为“认可”，故选C项。 6.( ) A.inspired B.reminded C.forced D.warned A 解析 根据上文内容可知，达席尔瓦的努力得到了政府的认可，这鼓舞着他继续植树。inspire意为“激励”，故选A项。 刷完形填空 104 7.( ) A.teacher B.manager C.doctor D.farmer B 解析 根据上文中的“Originally, Hélio da Silva was a successful manager.”可知，此处指达席尔瓦退休之前是一名经理。 8.( ) A.order B.absence C.hope D.event C 解析 根据下文中的as 45 types of birds had been ____ in the park可知，此处表示达席尔瓦种植能够结果的树，希望能吸引鸟类和动物。in the hope of意为“希望”，故选C项。in the absence of意为“缺乏”。 9.( ) A.came round B.moved on C.went out D.paid off D 解析 根据上文语境及下文as 45 types of birds had been ____ in the park可知，他希望通过种植能够结果的树来吸引鸟类和动物，公园里已经有45种鸟类，这说明他的工作得到了回报。pay off意为“奏效；取得成功”，故选D项。come round意为“再度发生”；move on意为“继续前行”。 刷完形填空 105 10.( ) A.identified B.caught C.freed D.killed A 解析 根据语境可知，他种树的工作得到了回报，此处表示公园里发现了45种鸟类。identify意为“发现；确认”，故选A项。 11.( ) A.get B.number C.increase D.cost B 解析 根据下文over 41,000和Da Silva doesn’t plan on stopping ____ until the count reaches at least 50,000可知，此处表示蒂夸蒂拉带状公园的树目前总计超过41,000棵。number意为“总计，共计”，故选B项。 12.( ) A.thinking B.imagining C.worrying D.planting D 解析 根据下文until the count reaches at least 50,000可知，达席尔瓦不打算停止种树，直到至少种够50,000棵树。 刷完形填空 106 13.( ) A.forgetful B.crazy C.rude D.lazy B 解析 根据下文中的spending most of his time planting trees in an area most people avoided可知，这个地方人迹罕至，人们不理解他为什么坚持在这里种树，因此他曾经被贴上“疯子”的标签。故选B项。 14.( ) A.block B.mix C.absorb D.clean C 解析 根据设空处所在语境并结合常识可知，此处表示树木吸收雨水。absorb意为“吸收”，故选C项。 15.( ) A.colourful B.artificial C.instant D.wonderful D 解析 根据下文的fresh air及语境可知，此处表示树木能给我们提供极好的树荫和新鲜的空气。wonderful意为“极好的，绝妙的”，故选D项。artificial意为“人工的”；instant意为“立即的”。 刷完形填空 107 ［福建泉州2025高二期末］The Taklimakan Desert, 1._______ （know） as the “Sea of Death”, has been fully encircled with a sand-blocking green belt stretching （延伸） 3,046 km, said the local authority in northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. On Thursday morning, several plant species 2.____________ （plant） on sandy land in Yutian County on the southern edge of the desert, marking the completion of the final stretch of the green belt. The Taklimakan covers 337,600 square km, 3.________ （make） it the largest desert in China and the second largest drifting desert in the world. It has taken more than 40 years to 4.___________ （complete） enclose the desert with a green belt. By the end of 2023, 5.___ 2,761-km-long green belt had connected separated oases （绿洲）, leaving only the final, most 6.___________ （challenge） section. known were planted making completely a challenging 刷语法填空 108 The final part, 7._______ is approximately 285 km long, runs through the southern part of the desert and faces the most severe wind and sand hazards. Since this year, Xinjiang has taken targeted and scientific 8._________ （measure） to close this gap. “Next, we will focus on the overall environmental governance of the Taklimakan Desert. Combining biological 9._____ engineering sand-fixation （固沙） efforts with solar farms, we will continue to widen the green belt 10.__________ （prevent） the spread of sand sources,” said Wang Gang, deputy director of the desertification prevention and control division of Xinjiang’s Forestry and Grassland Bureau. which measures and to prevent 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国西北部新疆维吾尔自治区地方当局表示，被称为“死亡之海”的塔克拉玛干沙漠已被一条长达3,046千米的阻沙绿化带完全包围。 刷语法填空 109 1._______ known 解析 句意为：中国西北部新疆维吾尔自治区地方当局表示，被称为“死亡之海”的塔克拉玛干沙漠已被一条长达3,046千米的阻沙绿化带完全包围。句中已有谓语has been encircled，与设空处之间无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词；固定短语be known as表示“被称为”，此处作后置定语，修饰The Taklimakan Desert。故填known。 2.____________ were planted 解析 句意为：周四上午，在沙漠南缘于田县的沙地上种植了几种植物，标志着绿化带最后一段的完成。设空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语On Thursday morning及语境可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时；plant与主语several plant species之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为复数，谓语也用复数形式。故填were planted。 刷语法填空 110 3.________ making 解析 句意为：塔克拉玛干沙漠面积为33.76万平方千米，这使它成为中国最大的沙漠，也是世界第二大流动沙漠。句子谓语是covers，与设空处之间无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词；结合句意可知，此处作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填making。 4.___________ completely 解析 句意为：用绿化带把沙漠完全围起来花了40多年的时间。设空处修饰动词enclose，应用副词，作状语。故填completely。 刷语法填空 111 5.___ a 解析 句意为：到2023年年底，一条2,761千米长的绿化带连接了分散的绿洲，只剩下最后也是最具挑战性的一段。此处泛指“一条2,761千米长的绿化带”，应用不定冠词修饰；2,761的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 6.___________ challenging 解析 句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰名词section，作定语，应用形容词。故填challenging。 7._______ which 解析 句意为：最后一段大约285千米长，穿过沙漠的南部，面临最严重的风沙危害。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The final part，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。 刷语法填空 112 8._________ measures 解析 句意为：今年以来，新疆采取了有针对性且科学的措施以填补这一缺口。measure为可数名词，空前没有限定词修饰，结合句意可知，此处表示不止一种措施，应用复数形式。故填measures。 9._____ and 解析 句意为：“接下来，我们将专注于塔克拉玛干沙漠总体的环境治理。将生物固沙和工程固沙方面的努力与太阳能电站相结合，我们将继续扩大绿化带，以防止沙源扩散。”新疆林业和草原局荒漠化防治处副处长王刚说。结合句意可知，biological和engineering并列作定语，修饰sand-fixation，表示“和；与”，应用并列连词and。故填and。 10.__________ to prevent 解析 句意见上一题解析。此处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to prevent。 刷语法填空 113 ［河南许昌2025高二期末］阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I was a kid, my parents brought me a four-month-old puppy （小狗）.My family named the puppy Dusty. Although I wanted to lay only claim to her affection, in a family of seven kids, no one lays permanent claim to the family pet. Dusty was our dog, not “my” dog. We soon realized that she had patience. My baby sister often transformed Dusty’s warm fur into a nap-time pillow—falling asleep on the carpet. Like a protective mother, Dusty waited—without moving—until my sister woke. Dusty doubled as a school crossing guard too. Monday through Friday she’d walk us kids two blocks to St. Patrick’s Parochial School, looking both ways to check the traffic before allowing us to cross the street. We’d wave goodbye as we entered the door, knowing Dusty would be waiting at the school door to greet us at the close of the school day. 刷读后续写 114 Of all the contributions Dusty made to our family, one incident stands out far above all the others. Late one night, Dusty rushed to my parents’ bedroom. She barked and barked. When she got no response, Dusty raced upstairs to my bedroom and my brothers’ bedroom and barked again and again. When she failed to wake us, she flew back down the steps and returned to my parents’ room. Finally, she got Mom’s attention. “What are you doing, Dusty?” Mom said, still halfway in dreamland. Dusty persisted （坚持）.Finally my mother gave in.“Okay, what is it?” Dusty rushed out of Mom’s room. Thinking the dog needed to be let out to relieve herself, my mother followed Dusty to the front door. 刷读后续写 注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 When Mom opened the door, Dusty tore （狂奔） across the street, not stopping to do her business as my mother had assumed._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ My mother called the fire department immediately._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 刷读后续写 116 【写作提示】 1.材料导读 材料大意 作者小时候，父母带回一只四个月大的小狗达斯蒂。它十分有耐心，会照顾作者的妹妹，还充当孩子们的“交通指挥”，陪孩子们一起上学。某天晚上，达斯蒂一直吠叫，先在作者父母的卧室叫，又去孩子们的房间叫，最终引起作者母亲注意，母亲跟它来到前门。 主要角色 母亲、作者、小狗达斯蒂 需要解决的问题 达斯蒂深夜狂吠，作者的母亲不知原因，跟随它到前门，想要弄清楚达斯蒂的意图。 刷读后续写 117 2.续写分析 续写第一段（提示句：当妈妈打开门时，达斯蒂飞奔穿过街道，没有停下来去做我的妈妈以为它会做的事情。） 根据本段提示句和第二段的提示可知，第一段应描写作者的母亲跟随达斯蒂跑出去，达斯蒂冲到街对面后的举动；结合第二段的提示句可知，第一段的结尾应该落在达斯蒂的举动引起了母亲对异常情况的察觉，最后应是发现了着火的状况。 续写第二段（提示句：我妈妈立刻给消防队打电话。） 结合本段提示句可知，本段可以描写消防队到来后的行动，如灭火过程以及家人和邻居对达斯蒂的感激，强调达斯蒂的英勇行为。 情节线索 达斯蒂冲到街对面——母亲意识到危险——拨打消防电话——灭火——获救——家人和邻居对达斯蒂表示称赞和感激 情感线索 母亲：对达斯蒂行为的困惑不解——发现危险时的担忧——对达斯蒂充满敬佩 刷读后续写 118 【参考范文】 When Mom opened the door, Dusty tore across the street, not stopping to do her business as my mother had assumed.Her paws pounded the ground, without a moment wasted as she raced, her tail streaming behind her like a triumphant banner.Then Mom discovered what Dusty had already known.The house across the street—where my best friend, Marianne, and her family lived—was on fire! All of Dusty’s middle-of-the-night craziness had a purpose: She’d been trying to call for help. My mother called the fire department immediately.Soon, the firemen in their trucks rushed to the scene, put out the fire, and saved my best friend’s family from harm and their house from total ruin.Then, Marianne’s family praised us for our kindness, but my mother refused to take credit, saying, “It is Dusty that should be praised!” Next morning, Mom told this incident to us.I felt surprised by this brave dog and kissed her wet nose warmly.“Thank you for saving Marianne,” I whispered in Dusty’s black ear.“You’re the bravest dog I’ve ever known.” 刷读后续写 119 词汇加油站 核心词汇 1.be bound to… 一定会…… 2.well-informed adj.见多识广的；消息灵通的 进阶词汇 1.appetising adj.引起食欲的；开胃的 2.refreshment n.食物和饮料 3.endurance n.忍耐力 熟词生义 1.string 熟义：n.细绳 生义：vt.把……连在一起 2.tune 熟义：n.曲调；曲子 生义：vt.调整；调节 刷读后续写 120 构词法 1.mis- prefix 坏（或错）的；错误地 misinterpret vt.误解；误释 2.out- prefix 超过；超过；在外面；向外 outperform vt.胜过；超过 刷读后续写 121 $$