专题26 动词和动词短语（知识清单）（全国通用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题26 动词和动词短语 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 动词的分类 【知能解读 02 】 助动词的用法 【知能解读 03 】 情态动词用法 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 及物动词用法 【重难点突破 0 2 】 不及物动词 用法 【重难点突破 0 3 】 延续性动词 用法 【重难点突破 0 4 】 非延续性动词 用法 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 易混动词短语 辨析 【易混易错 0 2 】 动词 + 介词 / 副词 归纳 【易混易错 0 3 】 2025 高考动词熟词生义 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【用法拓展 0 1 】 状态类系动词 【用法拓展 0 2 】 持续类系动词 【用法拓展 0 3 】感官 类系动词 【用法拓展 0 4 】变化 类系动词 【用法拓展 0 5 】终止 类系动词 ) 01动词的分类 02助动词的用法 1.助动词的定义 协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。与被协助的主要动词构成时态，语态、疑问句、否定句和加强语气等。助动词是语法功能词，本身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉语意思。 2.助动词的作用 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功能，可以用来构成时态、语态，构成疑问句，加强语气，构成否定句。 She has lived in Beijing for ten years. 她在北京住了十年了。 The letter was written by my father. 这封信是我父亲写的。 Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了？ He did apologize for his mistake. 他确实为错误道了歉。 He does not like spicy food. 他不喜欢辣的食物。 3.助动词be（am, is, are, was, were）的用法 助动词be+现在分词，构成进行时态；助动词be+过去分词，构成被动语态；助动词be+动词不定式，表示根据安排要发生的事情。 I was cooking dinner when the phone rang. 电话响时我正在做晚饭。 The problem was solved by the team yesterday. 问题昨天被团队解决了。 The project is to be completed by the end of the month. 项目须在月底前完成。 4.助动词have (has, had) 的用法 have +过去分词，构成完成时态；have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时；have+动词不定式，表示因客观环境而不得不做的事情。 He had studied English before moving to the US. 他去美国前就已经学过英语了。 He has been working on this book since last year. 他从去年开始一直在写这本书。 They had to walk home because the last bus had left. 末班车走了，他们不得不走路回家。 5. 助动词do (does, did) 的用法 助动词do (does, did)可以协助构成一般疑问句、否定句、倒装句、代动词。 Did they finish the project before the deadline? 他们在截止日前完成项目了吗？ I don’t want to eat fast food tonight. 我今晚不想吃快餐。 Seldom does he go to bed before midnight. 他很少在午夜前睡觉。 He didn’t finish the task, but she did. 他没完成任务，但她完成了。 6.助动词shall/ will的用法 shall构成一般将来时，should构成过去将来时，用于第一人称，后接动词原形；will构成一般将来时，would构成过去将来时，用于第二、三人称，后接动词原形。 We shall start the journey at dawn tomorrow. 我们明天黎明将启程。 She will perform on stage at the concert tonight. 她今晚将在音乐会上登台表演。 They believed she would win the competition easily. 他们相信她会轻松赢得比赛。 03情态动词用法 请参考 专题19 情态动词（知识清单）（全国通用）-2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测 【跟踪训练】请结合语境给出下列高考真题划线合成形容词的汉语。 1．I lock the door yesterday afternoon when I left the office; but it is still open. 2．Not only he speak correctly, but he also speaks easily. 3．Not until then he realize the importance of studying English. 4．How long you suppose it is since he arrived and began to work here? 5．No sooner he arrived at the station than his friend left by train. 01 及物动词用法 及物动词后必须跟宾语（可以是名词、代词、动名词等），否则句子不完整。 1.动词+宾语 I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。 2.动词+宾语+宾补 We call the bird Polly.我们叫那只鸟波莉。 I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见这些孩子们在公园玩。 注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。 3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。 常见带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read等。 4.be+过去分词 This bridge was built by the workers in 2010. 这座桥是工人们在 2010 年建造的。 02不及物动词用法 1.不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。 They swam in the lake every summer when young. 他们年轻时每年夏天都在湖里游泳。 2.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。 She runs a small café near the park. 她在公园附近经营一家小咖啡馆。 He runs five kilometers every morning. 他每天早上跑五公里。 3.不及物动词与介词、副词连用构成动词短语。 We waited for the train at the station for hours. 我们在车站等火车等了好几个小时。 The old car broke down on the way to work. 那辆旧车在上班路上抛锚了。 They ran out of fuel in the middle of the desert. 他们在沙漠中耗尽了燃料。 03延续性动词用法 延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如live,stay,study,work,keep,teach等可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 You can keep the book for two weeks.你可以借用这本书两周。 We have lived in China since 2001. 自从2001年以来,我们一直住在中国。 04非延续性动词用法 1.非延续性动词又叫瞬间动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用，只能与表示时间点的状语，如yesterday搭配，强调动作发生的瞬间。如buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等。 He joined the army in 2020. 他 2020 年参军了。 I borrowed this book from the library yesterday. 我昨天从图书馆借了这本书。 2.非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替。 1. leave→be away离开; 2. borrow→keep借; 3. buy→have买; 4. begin→be on开始/上演; 5. die→be dead去世; 6. finish→be over结束/完成; 7. join→be in…参加； 8. marry→ be married结婚； 9. fall ill→be ill生病； 10. get up→be up起床； 11. lose one's work→be out of work失业； 12. come here→be here来这里； 13. go there→be there去那里； 14. become→be成为； 15. come back→be back回来； 16. fall asleep→be asleep睡着； 17. wake up→be awake醒； 18. leave→be away from离开； 19. get to know→know认识； 20. put on→wear穿上； I have had this dictionary for three months. 我买这本词典已经三个月了。 I have kept the magazine for two weeks. 我借这本杂志已经两个星期了。 Hurry up! The film has been on for five minutes. 赶快！电影已经开始五分钟了。 He has been up for an hour, but hasn’t washed his face yet. 他起床有一小时了，但还没有洗脸。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．Don’t worry. I can (defence) myself from my enemies. 2．Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language. 3．This incident has (sharp) public awareness of the economic crisis. 4．Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll (fright) the customers away. 5．A “hat trick” (occur) in football when a player scores three goals in a single game. 6．My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me. 7．I offered to give them a lift, but they (decline). 8．Canada is a country (consist) of many nationalities. 9．The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, (sell) well. 10.To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 01易混动词短语 look up vs look through look up：强调主动查阅资料或抬头看；look through：侧重快速浏览或仔细检查 She opened the dictionary to look up the pronunciation of "phenomenon". He looked through the contract carefully before signing it. take off vs put on take off：脱下衣物或飞机起飞（动作方向是"移除"）；put on：穿上或假装（动作方向是"添加"） It's hot inside; you can take off your jacket. She put on a brave smile even though she felt nervous. get over vs go through get over：克服困难或从疾病中恢复；go through：经历过程或详细检查（强调持续性） It took her months to get over the loss of her pet. He went through all the documents to find the error. find out vs look for find out：通过调查/询问发现真相；look for：单纯表示寻找的动作（结果未知） They tried to find out who broke the window. She's looking for her keys everywhere. give up vs give in give up：主动放弃某项活动或习惯；give in：屈服于压力或要求（含被动意味） Never give up learning, even when it's challenging. The government refused to give in to the protesters' demands. turn up vs turn down turn up：调高音量或意外出现；turn down：调低音量或拒绝提议 Could you turn up the TV? I can't hear the dialogue. He had to turn down the job offer due to family reasons. break down vs break into break down：机器故障、情绪崩溃或分解；break into：强行闯入或突然开始（动作需接具体对象） The car broke down on the highway, causing a traffic jam. The audience broke into applause when the singer appeared. carry on vs carry out carry on：继续进行（强调持续性）；carry out：执行计划/任务或完成实验（侧重结果实现） Despite the noise, the teacher carried on with her lesson. Scientists will carry out a study on climate change next month. run out of vs run out run out of：主动耗尽某物（主语为人，后接宾语）；run out：某物被动耗尽（主语为物，不带宾语） We ran out of milk, so I went to the supermarket. Time is running out; we need to finish the test quickly. pick up vs pick out pick up：捡起、偶然学会或接送某人；pick out：精心挑选或辨认出 Children pick up languages much faster than adults. Can you pick out the main idea of this paragraph? hand in vs hand out hand in：提交作业/报告（指向权威方递交）；hand out：分发材料或分配任务（指向多人发放） Students must hand in their essays by Friday. Volunteers handed out masks to people in the subway. set off vs set up set off：出发旅行或触发警报/反应；set up：建立组织或布置设备（侧重建造/准备） They set off for the mountains at dawn. The government plans to set up more libraries in rural areas. take after vs take in take after：外貌或性格像长辈（基因关联）；take in：理解信息或收留（隐含"吸收"含义） Tom takes after his father; they both have the same sense of humor. The lecture was too fast; I couldn't take in all the details. cut down vs cut off cut down：主动减少数量（如砍树/降低消费）；cut off：强制中断（通讯/供给）或隔绝空间 We should cut down plastic use to protect the environment. The flood cut off the village from the outside world. come across vs come up with come across：偶然发现或偶然遇见（无计划性）；come up with：主动提出想法/解决方案（需动脑） She came across an old photo while cleaning the attic. Can you come up with a better title for this essay? put off vs put up with put off：推迟或使人反感（含双重含义）；put up with：忍耐令人不悦的事物（长期性） Don't put off your homework until the last minute. No one should put up with unfair treatment. make up vs make out make up：编造故事/补考或组成比例；make out：勉强看清/听清或理解复杂内容 Fairy tales are often made up to teach moral lessons. I can't make out what the sign says from this distance. hold on vs hold back hold on：坚持住（困难中）或电话中稍等；hold back：抑制情感或阻止发展（含"压制"意味） Hold on! The rescue team will arrive in ten minutes. She couldn't hold back her laughter during the serious meeting. keep on vs keep up keep on：反复/持续做某事（后接动名词）；keep up：维持水平/速度或跟上节奏（强调"不落后"） The baby kept on crying until her mother hugged her. To keep up with AI technology, he reads tech news daily. bring up vs bring in bring up：提出议题或抚养孩子（主动引导话题或生命）；bring in：引入新事物或赚取收入 The teacher brought up the importance of time management. The new policy will bring in more foreign tourists. fall behind vs fall over fall behind：进度落后（学习/比赛等抽象概念）；fall over：物理摔倒或被绊倒（具体动作） If you miss classes, you'll fall behind in your studies. The boy fell over a stone while running. pass away vs pass out pass away：委婉表达去世（正式用语）；pass out：昏厥或分发物品（根据语境变化） The scientist passed away peacefully at the age of 9 Some runners passed out due to the extreme heat. go on vs go over go on：持续进行（中性描述）或发生（隐含突发性）；go over：仔细检查或复习（含“反复确认”意味） The meeting went on for three hours without a break. Let me go over the instructions again to avoid mistakes. put aside vs put away put aside：暂时搁置（问题）或存钱（抽象/具体均可） ；put away：收纳物品或存钱（口语化） They decided to put aside their differences and work together. After dinner, children helped put away the dishes. call off vs call for call off：取消计划（主动终止）；call for：需要/要求（强调必要性） The concert was called off due to heavy rain. This project calls for teamwork and creativity. break up vs break out break up：关系结束或打碎成小块；break out：突然爆发（战争/疾病）或逃脱 The glass broke up into tiny pieces when it fell. A fire broke out in the factory last night. give off vs give away give off：释放气体/气味（自然散发，无主观意图）；give away：泄露秘密或免费赠送 The flowers give off a sweet fragrance in the evening. His accent gave away his hometown immediately. put forward vs put down put forward：提出建议/理论； put down：写下 Einstein put forward the theory of relativity. Never put down others to make yourself look better. bring about vs bring back bring about：导致重大变化；bring back：归还物品或唤起回忆 The invention of the Internet brought about a communication revolution. This song brings back memories of my childhood. turn out vs turn over turn out：结果是（出乎意料）或生产；turn over：翻转物体或移交责任 It turned out that the missing wallet was in her bag all along. The chef turned over the pancake carefully. run into vs run across run into：偶然遇见或遭遇问题；run across：快速穿过或偶然发现 I ran into my math teacher at the supermarket yesterday. She ran across the field to catch the bus. 02 动词+介词/副词 1. break break away from　放弃, 打破; 脱离关系break down 发生故障; (计划等)失败; (精神、身体)垮掉; 分解 break in 闯入, 插嘴break into  闯入break out   (战争、瘟疫等)爆发, 突然发生break up  打碎, 分手, 关系破裂 2. bring bring about 导致, 造成, 引起bring down 使倒下, 使降低bring in引进; 带来; 赚得bring forward 提出; 提前bring out 出版; 生产; 使显现bring up 抚养, 教育; 提出; 呕吐 3. call call for要求; 需要; 去取call back 回忆起call in召集; 请; 召来; 顺便来访call up打电话给;使想起call off 取消call on 号召, 拜访 4. come come about 发生come to苏醒; 总计come across 偶遇; 无意中发现come true  实现, 成为现实(不及物)come out 出版; 结果是come up (建议、计划等)被提出come up with提出(建议等)ome on (催促)快点; (鼓励)加油 5. get get across    解释清楚; 使……被理解get away from  避免; 摆脱, 逃离get away with 侥幸成功; 侥幸做成get around   四处走动; 传播开来get down to 开始认真做某事get along/on with进展; 与……相处get over克服; 恢复get rid of 摆脱; 除去get through 通过; 完成; 接通电话 6. give give away 赠送; 泄露; 分发give back 归还give in 屈服; 让步; 投降; 认输give out  分发; 发出; 公布; 用尽 give up 放弃 7. go go against违背; 不利于; 反对go ahead开始(做某事); 接着干go around 参观; (消息)传播go by过去; 经过 go down下降; 下沉go on继续; 发生go over复习, 仔细检查go through  经历; 仔细检查go with与……相配go without  没有……也行 8. hold hold back犹豫; 隐瞒; 阻止hold on别挂断hold out坚持; 伸出hold up 举起; 阻挡, 使耽搁hold on to紧紧抓住; 保留; 不放弃 9. keep keepaway from  远离; 避开keep back  隐瞒; 克制(感情)keep on 继续; 坚持下去keep out of 置身……外; 避开keep up 保持; 继续keep up with 跟上keep an eye out for 密切注意; 留心; 警惕keep an eye on照看; 密切注视 10. leave leave alone 不打扰; 不理, 不管leave behind 留下; 丢下, 丢弃leave out遗漏, 忽略 11. look look around 环顾四周look away from把目光从……移开look into调查; 窥视look back on回忆，回顾look up查找, 查询; 向上看look up to尊敬; 敬仰look down upon 歧视, 看不起look forward to盼望; 期待look through 浏览; 快速查看look out for心, 留意, 小心 12. make make use of 利用make up组成; 编造; 化妆; 和解make up for 补偿; 弥补make for 走向; 有助于; 促成, 导致 make sense有意义; 有道理; 讲得通make sense of 理解; 弄明白make out 理解; 分辨出, 辨认出make it 成功 13. put put aside 撇开; 暂不考虑; 储蓄put away收拾, 整理; 储存put back把……放回原处put forwar提出; 拨快put down记下, 写下, 镇压put out伸出; 扑灭; 生产; 出版put up建造, 张贴; 提供住宿put up with忍受; 容忍put on 穿上, 增加, 上演 14. set set aside划出; 留出; 拨出set about着手做某事 set out 出发, 动身set out to do sth. 着手做某事set off   动身; 引起; 使爆炸set up   建立, 创立 15. turn turn away   走开; 转过脸去turn down 拒绝; 关小, 调低turn up 开大; 出现, 到场turn out结果是, 证明是; 生产turn over   翻转; 翻阅, 仔细考虑turn against  反对; 背叛turn to 转向; 求助于 16. take take after  长得像某人take apart 拆开; 拆卸take back 收回, 撤销take down 记下; 拆卸; 取下take away 带走, 拿走, 剥夺take up从事; 占据(时间、空间);接着做take in 吸收; 接受; 理解, 欺骗take off 起飞; 脱下; 成功, take on呈现; 具有; 承担; 雇用take over接管, 接收take advantage of利用takeit easy放松, 别紧张take your time 慢慢来, 别着急take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事take action 采取行动 03 2025高考动词熟词生义 1. address熟义：地址；演讲 生义：设法解决；处理；对付 The people who put the signs in their yards created a real homeowners association to address climate change in their communities.（2025全国一卷） We must address the problem of air pollution immediately.我们必须立即处理空气污染问题。 2. strike熟义：打击；罢工；撞击 生义：给（某人以……）印象；让（某人）觉得 “They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.” （2025全国一卷） What really struck me was their enthusiasm.真正让我印象深刻的是他们的热情。 3. account熟义：账单；描述；叙述；报道 生义：account for 解释；说明 “We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs.”（2025全国一卷） Eventually, you will need to account for your actions/behavior.你终究得对自己的行为做出解释。 4. cut熟义：切；割；砍 生义：削减；降低 “I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional photos, another asking for a price cut.” （2025全国一卷） He had to accept a cut in pay. = He had to accept a pay cut.他不得不接受减薪。 5. spare熟义：抽出；匀出；备用的 生义：使免遭（麻烦、痛苦等）；免去 “Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered.” （2025全国一卷） She was spared from having to answer any more questions.她不必回答更多的问题。 6. count on熟义：指望；依靠 生义：期待，指望，预料到（某事发生） “There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: ...” （2025全国一卷） The kids are counting on going to the movies. Don't disappoint them!孩子们正盼着去看电影。别让他们失望！ 7. force the issue熟义：强迫问题（字面义）生义：强行实施；强迫做决定 “my brother decided to leave rather than force the issue” （2025全国一卷） They would never have addressed the problem if that newspaper article hadn't forced the issue. 若非报纸的那篇文章强行敦促，他们绝对不会着手处理这个问题。 8. part熟义：部分；分开（动词）生义：（尤指因意见不合）分手；告别 He was unhappy over the way we had parted. （2025全国一卷） We parted on friendly terms.  我们友好地分手了。 9. place  熟义：v. 放置；安放  n. （某）地方   生义：v. 下（订单） Thank you. Then I can place the order.  （2025全国二卷） 谢谢。那我现在可以下单了。 The company placed an order (with the manufacturer) for an additional 100 units.   这家公司又（向生产厂家）下了100套的订单。 10. skirt  熟义：n. 女裙；裙子  生义：v. 绕过……的边缘；沿着……边缘走 Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. （2025全国二卷）   绕过市政厅广场，你会发现可爱的商店、餐馆以及黑白屋博物馆。 We skirted around the edge of the city.   我们沿着城边走。 11. line  熟义：n. 线；队列；队伍   生义：v. 沿……排列成行 Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square. （2025全国二卷）   肉店、蔬果店、面包店和奶酪店环绕着市政厅广场。 Students lined the hall, waiting to register for classes.  学生们在大厅排队，等着注册选课。 12. flood  熟义：n. 洪水；水灾  v. 淹没   生义：v. 大量涌来；大量涌去 But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. （2025全国二卷）   但结果却截然相反：她忙得不可开交，仅2020年6月就发出了1200份订单。 Telephone calls came flooding in from all over the country. 全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。 13. translate  熟义：v. 翻译   生义：v. （使）改变形式；转化 This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. （2025全国二卷）   这种生产力同样适用于成年人的职场。 I hope all the hard work will translate into profits.   我希望所有的辛勤劳动都会有回报。 14. practice  熟义：v. 练习  n. 练习   生义：v. （医生、律师等）执业，从业 Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. （2025全国二卷）  医生行医，律师执业，而你也应该给自己时间去练习如何养护植物。 My cousin plans to practice medicine/law/dentistry. 我的表弟打算当医生/律师/牙医。 15. tailor  熟义：n. （定做男装的）裁缝  v. 定做（衣服）   生义：v. 专门制作（或改制）；定做 Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.  （2025全国二卷） 每道菜都是为提高人们对食物浪费的认识而量身定制的。 Most travel agents are prepared to tailor travel arrangements to meet individual requirements.     为了满足个别人士需要，大多数旅行社都愿意作出专门的旅游安排。 16. reject  熟义：v. 拒绝相信；拒绝接受   生义：v. （因质量差而）决定不出版，决定不发行 Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. （2025全国二卷）   羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被拒收的甘薯和黄瓜头等食材都被重新利用，在几位优秀厨师的帮助下，变成了美味佳肴。 The produce inspector rejected several crates of berries that had begun to grow mold.   产品质检员把几箱发霉的浆果退了回去。 17. address  熟义：v.写收信人姓名地址；致辞；演讲  n. 住址；寄送地址   生义：v. 处理；关注 Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. （2025全国二卷）  尽管如此，它提醒我们，解决可持续性问题的方法有很多，你几乎可以用任何东西做出美味佳肴。 The governor is addressing himself to the problem of underfunded schools.州长正在着手解决学校资金短缺问题。 18. maintain  熟义：v. 维护；养护；保养；坚持；断言；主张   生义：v. 维持；保持 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. （2025全国二卷）  华盛顿大学发现，55岁及以上从事志愿工作的成年人比同龄人记忆力更好，整体健康状况维持得更久。 He has found it difficult to maintain a healthy weight.他发现要保持健康的体重很困难。 19. work out  熟义：想出，制订出（计划等）；做出（决策等）；（用数学）解决；算出   生义：锻炼；健身；做运动 Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle, before discovering a passion for weightlifting. （2025全国二卷）  多诺霍女士决心改变自己的生活，开始锻炼并遵循健康的生活方式，之后又发现了对举重的热爱。 She works out at the gym twice a week. 她每周在健身房锻炼两次。 20. spare  熟义：v. 抽出，拿出（时间、金钱等） adj. 备用的；额外的；空余的  生义：v. 使免遭；使免受；免除 This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over-explain. （2025全国二卷）  这种方法让我避免了过度解释的尴尬。 He spared them the embarrassment of a public apology.   他使他们免遭公开道歉的尴尬。 01 状态类系动词 状态类系动词是用来表示主语的性质、状态、身份或特征的动词，其后通常接表语，构成 “主语+系动词+表语”的基本结构。最常见的状态类系动词是be动词（am, is, are, was, were）。 My parents were teachers before retirement. 我父母退休前是教师。 The room was quiet except for a soft music. 除了轻柔的音乐，房间里很安静。 02 持续类系动词 持续系动词表示主语持续的状态，如remain保持，stay保持，keep保持，lie位于，stand矗立等。 He stayed calm even in an emergency. 即使在紧急情况下，他也保持冷静。 He remained silent during the discussion. 讨论中他一直保持沉默。 03 感官类系动词 感官系动词表示人体感官的感受，如look看起来，seem看起来,appear好像，sound听起来，smell闻起来，taste尝起来，feel摸起来。 The food tasted better than it looked. 这食物吃起来味道比看上去要好。 The music from the piano sounds wonderful to my ears. 钢琴里传出的音乐在我听来很美妙。 04 变化类系动词 变化系动词表示主语状态的变化，如become变成, get变得, turn转变, grow变得, go变得等。 He turned pale when he saw the accident. 他看到事故后脸色变得苍白。 The food went bad because of the heat. 食物因天热变坏了。 05 终止类系动词 终止类系动词中prove 和 turn out 侧重 “结果被证实”，表示主语的状态或性质最终被证明为某种情况，强调 “从表象到明确结果” 的终止性转变。 The new method proved effective in solving the problem. 这种新方法证明能有效解决问题。 The stranger turned out an old friend from my hometown. 这个陌生人原来是我家乡的老朋友。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. 1．The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 2．This sort of roast meat is a local super food and it （taste）delicious. 3．It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and （prove）extremely popular with the public. 4．The young man performed as if he (be) a woman on the stage. 5．So absorbed   she in the work that Jane often forgot to take meals. ( 动词和动词短语 综合能力提升 ) 一、单句填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．（2024天津3月卷）Exercise is not only good for our bodies, but it can also _________ our mood and help us deal with anxiety. A．boost B．match C．ruin D．reflect 2．（2024天津6月卷）As a symbol of the glorious history of Chinese civilization, the Forbidden City _________ the cultural memory of the country. A．invents B．preserves C．acquires D．declares 3. (2023天津3月卷) When Lisa moved to a new city, she had a hard time ________ to her new surroundings. A．adding B．adjusting C．applying D．attending 4. (2023天津6月卷)We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A．mustn’t B．daren’t C．needn’t D．can’t 5. (2022天津卷) If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later. A. highlight B. identify C. ignore D. prevent 6.（2021天津卷） Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years. A. stayed B. turned C. grown D. got 7.（2021天津卷）Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit 8.（2020江苏卷）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time. A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify 9.（2024天津3月卷）Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music but she _________ it with hard work. A．lives up to B．makes up for C．reaches out to D．looks out for 10.（2024天津6月卷）The new model electric car should _________ many safety tests before it is released to the public. A．turn out B．bring about C．go through D．set up 11. (2023天津3月卷)We are determined that our teacher training programs should ________ current developments in the field of education. A．catch sight of B．make room for C．take pride in D．keep pace with 12. (2023天津3月卷)________a small amount of money each month is widely recognized as a good habit for personal finance management. A．Picking out B．Putting aside C．Giving away D．Getting back 13.（2021天津卷） I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some. A. made up for B. run out of C. kept away from D. got down to 14.（2020天津卷）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him. A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on C．kept an eye on D．made an apology to 15.（2019天津卷）Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying. A. set aside B. take back C. make out D. keep off 二、单句填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．They are ________ ways to improve education quality. A．employing B．departing C．disrupting D．seeking 2．What makes a good speaker is his or her ability to an audience’s needs and concerns. A．exceed B．exploit C．anticipate D．accumulate 3．The Internet users have been warned to any message that ask you to send cash or personal information, no matter how formal they are. A．abandon B．enhance C．decrease D．reject 4．The keen competition in online game industry forced the firms with poor performance to _____ from the market. A．convert B．withdraw C．resign D．remove 5．Despite the vast knowledge that we have ________, there are still many unsolved natural mysteries out there. A．accumulated B．anticipated C．cooperated D．purchased 6．Before a beach visit, ________ a sand brush to your beach bag to clean off before getting in the car. A．replace B．attach C．store D．dry 7．The small coastal town of Qingdao, known for its beautiful beaches and rich maritime culture, ________ some of the most spectacular coastal scenery in the country. A．claims B．displays C．boasts D．preserves 8．Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were ______ for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated. A．exceeded B．discouraged C．suspended D．protected 9．Today, architects continues to explore ways to _______ the beauty of natural forms. A．recycle B．capture C．power D．channel 10．Both Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were happy to _______ from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature. A．withdraw B．acknowledge C．evaluate D．recover 11．Mother tried to________the traffic rules to her young children before they rode their bikes. A．get across B．go against C．stick to D．set up 12．If you think about other people’s feelings as well as your own, you’ll soon find everything _______. A．turns out B．runs out C．works out D．brings out 13．Susan won first prize in the end-of-term examination, which _________ her parents’ expectations. A．made use of B．lived up to C．caught up with D．stood up to 14．The ship sank as a result of knocking into the rocks. Fortunately, the sailors on board were _________ by a passing boat. A．made up B．set up C．turned up D．picked up 15．Tim’s parents advised him not to ________ the job offer, as it included super benefits and career growth. A．take up B．work out C．give out D．pass up 16．Scientists warn that if we don’t protect biodiversity, human activities may over 50% of endangered species by 2050. A．wipe out B．try out C．point out D．work out 17．Although some people like to ______ their wealth, income is a very private matter for most Americans. A．show off B．bring up C．settle down D．set aside 18．We have already bought the house but we won’t _______ it until May. A．make room for B．take possession of C．drink a toast to D．become a target for 19．In order for a basketball team to win a match, everyone must work hard, and ________. A．let off steam B．pull their weight C．break into smile D．rise to their feet 20．In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away, even _____ its transport. A．taking into account B．having an effect on C．falling in love with D．keeping in touch with 三、动词与语法填空 （25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It’s strange, but I don’t really remember much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so quickly. I 1   (sit) in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just 2 (fly) off. All of a sudden, there was sky where the roof had been. I was so frightened that I just 3 (freeze). Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into a river in 4 (second). We were going nowhere. At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. Without a roof, 5 (stay) inside was too dangerous. There was water everywhere, but we couldn’t drink any of it otherwise we’d get really sick. We just had drinking water 6 was sent to us by helicopter, but it was never enough. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days 7 (watch) the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit. 8 (live) in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos. But Mom said that 9 happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive, though. We had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie. All we had left 10 (be) the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe. Mom’s words made us feel better. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第17页，共17页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题26 动词和动词短语 ( 目录 01知识脑图·学科框架速建 02考点精析·知识能力全解 【知能解读 01 】 动词的分类 【知能解读 02 】 助动词的用法 【知能解读 03 】 情态动词用法 03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破 【重难点突破 01 】 及物动词用法 【重难点突破 0 2 】 不及物动词 用法 【重难点突破 0 3 】 延续性动词 用法 【重难点突破 0 4 】 非延续性动词 用法 04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗 【易混易错 01 】 易混动词短语 辨析 【易混易错 0 2 】 动词 + 介词 / 副词 归纳 【易混易错 0 3 】 2025 高考动词熟词生义 05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解 【用法拓展 0 1 】 状态类系动词 【用法拓展 0 2 】 持续类系动词 【用法拓展 0 3 】感官 类系动词 【用法拓展 0 4 】变化 类系动词 【用法拓展 0 5 】终止 类系动词 ) 01动词的分类 02助动词的用法 1.助动词的定义 协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。与被协助的主要动词构成时态，语态、疑问句、否定句和加强语气等。助动词是语法功能词，本身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉语意思。 2.助动词的作用 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功能，可以用来构成时态、语态，构成疑问句，加强语气，构成否定句。 She has lived in Beijing for ten years. 她在北京住了十年了。 The letter was written by my father. 这封信是我父亲写的。 Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了？ He did apologize for his mistake. 他确实为错误道了歉。 He does not like spicy food. 他不喜欢辣的食物。 3.助动词be（am, is, are, was, were）的用法 助动词be+现在分词，构成进行时态；助动词be+过去分词，构成被动语态；助动词be+动词不定式，表示根据安排要发生的事情。 I was cooking dinner when the phone rang. 电话响时我正在做晚饭。 The problem was solved by the team yesterday. 问题昨天被团队解决了。 The project is to be completed by the end of the month. 项目须在月底前完成。 4.助动词have (has, had) 的用法 have +过去分词，构成完成时态；have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时；have+动词不定式，表示因客观环境而不得不做的事情。 He had studied English before moving to the US. 他去美国前就已经学过英语了。 He has been working on this book since last year. 他从去年开始一直在写这本书。 They had to walk home because the last bus had left. 末班车走了，他们不得不走路回家。 5. 助动词do (does, did) 的用法 助动词do (does, did)可以协助构成一般疑问句、否定句、倒装句、代动词。 Did they finish the project before the deadline? 他们在截止日前完成项目了吗？ I don’t want to eat fast food tonight. 我今晚不想吃快餐。 Seldom does he go to bed before midnight. 他很少在午夜前睡觉。 He didn’t finish the task, but she did. 他没完成任务，但她完成了。 6.助动词shall/ will的用法 shall构成一般将来时，should构成过去将来时，用于第一人称，后接动词原形；will构成一般将来时，would构成过去将来时，用于第二、三人称，后接动词原形。 We shall start the journey at dawn tomorrow. 我们明天黎明将启程。 She will perform on stage at the concert tonight. 她今晚将在音乐会上登台表演。 They believed she would win the competition easily. 他们相信她会轻松赢得比赛。 03情态动词用法 请参考 专题19 情态动词（知识清单）（全国通用）-2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测 【跟踪训练】请结合语境给出下列高考真题划线合成形容词的汉语。 1．I lock the door yesterday afternoon when I left the office; but it is still open. 1．did 解析：考查助动词。句意：昨天下午我离开办公室时确实锁门了；但它现在仍然是开放的。分析句子结构可知，此处应填did，为助动词，用于对过去发生的动作lock进行强调，加强语气，意为“确实、的确”。故填did。 2．Not only he speak correctly, but he also speaks easily. 2．does 解析：考查倒装。句意：他不仅讲得正确，而且讲得轻松自如。否定词not置于句首，句子应该用部分倒装，谓语动词是实义动词speak，且主语是he，应该用助动词does构成倒装。故填does。 3．Not until then he realize the importance of studying English. 3．did 解析：考查时态和部分倒装。句意：直到那时他才意识到学习英语的重要性。Not until位于句首，句子用部分倒装，将情态动词、助动词或be动词置于主语之前；句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语动词为realized，部分倒装时助动词did置于主语之前，动词realize用原形，故填did。 4．How long you suppose it is since he arrived and began to work here? 4．do 解析：考查助动词。句意：你认为他到这里来工作有多久了？句子是特殊疑问句，应该用“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”；根据下文的is可知， 应该用一般现在时；主语是you，应该助动词用do构成疑问句。故填do。 5．No sooner he arrived at the station than his friend left by train. 5．had 解析：考查动词时态。句意：他刚到车站，他的朋友就坐火车走了。no sooner…than…为固定句型，意为“一……就……”，no sooner后面的主句使用过去完成时，no sooner置于句首，使用部分倒装，空处需填助动词had。故填had。 01 及物动词用法 及物动词后必须跟宾语（可以是名词、代词、动名词等），否则句子不完整。 1.动词+宾语 I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。 2.动词+宾语+宾补 We call the bird Polly.我们叫那只鸟波莉。 I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见这些孩子们在公园玩。 注意:带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。 3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。 常见带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read等。 4.be+过去分词 This bridge was built by the workers in 2010. 这座桥是工人们在 2010 年建造的。 02不及物动词用法 1.不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。 They swam in the lake every summer when young. 他们年轻时每年夏天都在湖里游泳。 2.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。 She runs a small café near the park. 她在公园附近经营一家小咖啡馆。 He runs five kilometers every morning. 他每天早上跑五公里。 3.不及物动词与介词、副词连用构成动词短语。 We waited for the train at the station for hours. 我们在车站等火车等了好几个小时。 The old car broke down on the way to work. 那辆旧车在上班路上抛锚了。 They ran out of fuel in the middle of the desert. 他们在沙漠中耗尽了燃料。 03延续性动词用法 延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如live,stay,study,work,keep,teach等可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 You can keep the book for two weeks.你可以借用这本书两周。 We have lived in China since 2001. 自从2001年以来,我们一直住在中国。 04非延续性动词用法 1.非延续性动词又叫瞬间动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用，只能与表示时间点的状语，如yesterday搭配，强调动作发生的瞬间。如buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等。 He joined the army in 2020. 他 2020 年参军了。 I borrowed this book from the library yesterday. 我昨天从图书馆借了这本书。 2.非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替。 1. leave→be away离开; 2. borrow→keep借; 3. buy→have买; 4. begin→be on开始/上演; 5. die→be dead去世; 6. finish→be over结束/完成; 7. join→be in…参加； 8. marry→ be married结婚； 9. fall ill→be ill生病； 10. get up→be up起床； 11. lose one's work→be out of work失业； 12. come here→be here来这里； 13. go there→be there去那里； 14. become→be成为； 15. come back→be back回来； 16. fall asleep→be asleep睡着； 17. wake up→be awake醒； 18. leave→be away from离开； 19. get to know→know认识； 20. put on→wear穿上； I have had this dictionary for three months. 我买这本词典已经三个月了。 I have kept the magazine for two weeks. 我借这本杂志已经两个星期了。 Hurry up! The film has been on for five minutes. 赶快！电影已经开始五分钟了。 He has been up for an hour, but hasn’t washed his face yet. 他起床有一小时了，但还没有洗脸。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1．Don’t worry. I can (defence) myself from my enemies. 1．defend 解析：考查动词。句意：别担心。我可以保护自己免受敌人的攻击。空前有情态动词can，所以空处应用动词原形。defend意为“保卫”，为及物动词。defend sb. from...意为“保护某人免受……”。故填defend。 2．Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language. 2．enables 解析：考查动词、时态和主谓一致。句意：频繁接触英语能够使我们更好地掌握这门语言。空处作句子的谓语，应用动词。enable意为“使能够”，为及物动词。本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语Being exposed to English frequently为动名词短语，所以谓语用单数。故填enables。 3．This incident has (sharp) public awareness of the economic crisis. 3．sharpened 解析：考查动词。句意：这一事件提高了公众对经济危机的认识。根据空后的名词短语public awareness可知，空处应用及物动词。sharpen意为“（使）加强，（使）提高”，为及物动词。空前有助动词has，所以空处应用过去分词，构成现在完成时。故填sharpened。 4．Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll (fright) the customers away. 4．frighten 解析：考查动词。句意：别把价格定得太高，否则你会吓跑顾客的。空前有助动词will，所以空处应用动词原形。frighten意为“使惊吓”，frighten away表示“把……吓跑”。故填frighten。 5．A “hat trick” (occur) in football when a player scores three goals in a single game. 5．occurs 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在足球比赛中，当一名球员在一场比赛中打进三个球时，这被称为“帽子戏法”。根据“when a player scores three goals in a single game. ”可知，用一般现在时态，表示客观事实，空处作谓语，主语A “hat trick”表示单数意义，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，occur意为“发生”，为不及物动词。故填occurs。 6．My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me. 6．measures 解析：考查不及物动词和时态。句意：我的新卧室尺寸是15英尺乘12英尺，对我来说足够大了。 measure可作不及物动词，表示“量度为……”，没有被动语态，表示客观事实用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词也用单数，故填measures。 7．I offered to give them a lift, but they (decline). 7．declined 解析：考查时态。句意：我提出要载他们一程，但他们拒绝了。这是一个由连词but连接的两个简单句，前半句用的一般过去时，后半句也用一般过去时。“decline”意为“谢绝”，可作不及物动词。故填declined。 8．Canada is a country (consist) of many nationalities. 8．consisting 解析：考查现在分词。句意：加拿大是一个由许多民族构成的国家。根据句子结构分析，此句有系动词“is”做谓语动词，但是动词“consist”和它之间并没有连词，所以，“consist”只能做非谓语动词。又因为“consist”和被它修饰的词“a country”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填consisting。 9．The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, (sell) well. 9．sell 解析：考查动词语态。句意：这些书是由江苏著名作家周梅森写的，卖得很好。提示词在句中作谓语动词，sell用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。句子的主语“The books which were written by Zhou Meisen”是复数，故填sell。   10.To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 10.strengthen 解析：考查动词用法。结合语境空白处需要一个动词。strength是名词，其动词是strengthen，表示“加强”。故填strengthen。 01易混动词短语 look up vs look through look up：强调主动查阅资料或抬头看；look through：侧重快速浏览或仔细检查 She opened the dictionary to look up the pronunciation of "phenomenon". He looked through the contract carefully before signing it. take off vs put on take off：脱下衣物或飞机起飞（动作方向是"移除"）；put on：穿上或假装（动作方向是"添加"） It's hot inside; you can take off your jacket. She put on a brave smile even though she felt nervous. get over vs go through get over：克服困难或从疾病中恢复；go through：经历过程或详细检查（强调持续性） It took her months to get over the loss of her pet. He went through all the documents to find the error. find out vs look for find out：通过调查/询问发现真相；look for：单纯表示寻找的动作（结果未知） They tried to find out who broke the window. She's looking for her keys everywhere. give up vs give in give up：主动放弃某项活动或习惯；give in：屈服于压力或要求（含被动意味） Never give up learning, even when it's challenging. The government refused to give in to the protesters' demands. turn up vs turn down turn up：调高音量或意外出现；turn down：调低音量或拒绝提议 Could you turn up the TV? I can't hear the dialogue. He had to turn down the job offer due to family reasons. break down vs break into break down：机器故障、情绪崩溃或分解；break into：强行闯入或突然开始（动作需接具体对象） The car broke down on the highway, causing a traffic jam. The audience broke into applause when the singer appeared. carry on vs carry out carry on：继续进行（强调持续性）；carry out：执行计划/任务或完成实验（侧重结果实现） Despite the noise, the teacher carried on with her lesson. Scientists will carry out a study on climate change next month. run out of vs run out run out of：主动耗尽某物（主语为人，后接宾语）；run out：某物被动耗尽（主语为物，不带宾语） We ran out of milk, so I went to the supermarket. Time is running out; we need to finish the test quickly. pick up vs pick out pick up：捡起、偶然学会或接送某人；pick out：精心挑选或辨认出 Children pick up languages much faster than adults. Can you pick out the main idea of this paragraph? hand in vs hand out hand in：提交作业/报告（指向权威方递交）；hand out：分发材料或分配任务（指向多人发放） Students must hand in their essays by Friday. Volunteers handed out masks to people in the subway. set off vs set up set off：出发旅行或触发警报/反应；set up：建立组织或布置设备（侧重建造/准备） They set off for the mountains at dawn. The government plans to set up more libraries in rural areas. take after vs take in take after：外貌或性格像长辈（基因关联）；take in：理解信息或收留（隐含"吸收"含义） Tom takes after his father; they both have the same sense of humor. The lecture was too fast; I couldn't take in all the details. cut down vs cut off cut down：主动减少数量（如砍树/降低消费）；cut off：强制中断（通讯/供给）或隔绝空间 We should cut down plastic use to protect the environment. The flood cut off the village from the outside world. come across vs come up with come across：偶然发现或偶然遇见（无计划性）；come up with：主动提出想法/解决方案（需动脑） She came across an old photo while cleaning the attic. Can you come up with a better title for this essay? put off vs put up with put off：推迟或使人反感（含双重含义）；put up with：忍耐令人不悦的事物（长期性） Don't put off your homework until the last minute. No one should put up with unfair treatment. make up vs make out make up：编造故事/补考或组成比例；make out：勉强看清/听清或理解复杂内容 Fairy tales are often made up to teach moral lessons. I can't make out what the sign says from this distance. hold on vs hold back hold on：坚持住（困难中）或电话中稍等；hold back：抑制情感或阻止发展（含"压制"意味） Hold on! The rescue team will arrive in ten minutes. She couldn't hold back her laughter during the serious meeting. keep on vs keep up keep on：反复/持续做某事（后接动名词）；keep up：维持水平/速度或跟上节奏（强调"不落后"） The baby kept on crying until her mother hugged her. To keep up with AI technology, he reads tech news daily. bring up vs bring in bring up：提出议题或抚养孩子（主动引导话题或生命）；bring in：引入新事物或赚取收入 The teacher brought up the importance of time management. The new policy will bring in more foreign tourists. fall behind vs fall over fall behind：进度落后（学习/比赛等抽象概念）；fall over：物理摔倒或被绊倒（具体动作） If you miss classes, you'll fall behind in your studies. The boy fell over a stone while running. pass away vs pass out pass away：委婉表达去世（正式用语）；pass out：昏厥或分发物品（根据语境变化） The scientist passed away peacefully at the age of 9 Some runners passed out due to the extreme heat. go on vs go over go on：持续进行（中性描述）或发生（隐含突发性）；go over：仔细检查或复习（含“反复确认”意味） The meeting went on for three hours without a break. Let me go over the instructions again to avoid mistakes. put aside vs put away put aside：暂时搁置（问题）或存钱（抽象/具体均可） ；put away：收纳物品或存钱（口语化） They decided to put aside their differences and work together. After dinner, children helped put away the dishes. call off vs call for call off：取消计划（主动终止）；call for：需要/要求（强调必要性） The concert was called off due to heavy rain. This project calls for teamwork and creativity. break up vs break out break up：关系结束或打碎成小块；break out：突然爆发（战争/疾病）或逃脱 The glass broke up into tiny pieces when it fell. A fire broke out in the factory last night. give off vs give away give off：释放气体/气味（自然散发，无主观意图）；give away：泄露秘密或免费赠送 The flowers give off a sweet fragrance in the evening. His accent gave away his hometown immediately. put forward vs put down put forward：提出建议/理论； put down：写下 Einstein put forward the theory of relativity. Never put down others to make yourself look better. bring about vs bring back bring about：导致重大变化；bring back：归还物品或唤起回忆 The invention of the Internet brought about a communication revolution. This song brings back memories of my childhood. turn out vs turn over turn out：结果是（出乎意料）或生产；turn over：翻转物体或移交责任 It turned out that the missing wallet was in her bag all along. The chef turned over the pancake carefully. run into vs run across run into：偶然遇见或遭遇问题；run across：快速穿过或偶然发现 I ran into my math teacher at the supermarket yesterday. She ran across the field to catch the bus. 02 动词+介词/副词 1. break break away from　放弃, 打破; 脱离关系break down 发生故障; (计划等)失败; (精神、身体)垮掉; 分解 break in 闯入, 插嘴break into  闯入break out   (战争、瘟疫等)爆发, 突然发生break up  打碎, 分手, 关系破裂 2. bring bring about 导致, 造成, 引起bring down 使倒下, 使降低bring in引进; 带来; 赚得bring forward 提出; 提前bring out 出版; 生产; 使显现bring up 抚养, 教育; 提出; 呕吐 3. call call for要求; 需要; 去取call back 回忆起call in召集; 请; 召来; 顺便来访call up打电话给;使想起call off 取消call on 号召, 拜访 4. come come about 发生come to苏醒; 总计come across 偶遇; 无意中发现come true  实现, 成为现实(不及物)come out 出版; 结果是come up (建议、计划等)被提出come up with提出(建议等)ome on (催促)快点; (鼓励)加油 5. get get across    解释清楚; 使……被理解get away from  避免; 摆脱, 逃离get away with 侥幸成功; 侥幸做成get around   四处走动; 传播开来get down to 开始认真做某事get along/on with进展; 与……相处get over克服; 恢复get rid of 摆脱; 除去get through 通过; 完成; 接通电话 6. give give away 赠送; 泄露; 分发give back 归还give in 屈服; 让步; 投降; 认输give out  分发; 发出; 公布; 用尽 give up 放弃 7. go go against违背; 不利于; 反对go ahead开始(做某事); 接着干go around 参观; (消息)传播go by过去; 经过 go down下降; 下沉go on继续; 发生go over复习, 仔细检查go through  经历; 仔细检查go with与……相配go without  没有……也行 8. hold hold back犹豫; 隐瞒; 阻止hold on别挂断hold out坚持; 伸出hold up 举起; 阻挡, 使耽搁hold on to紧紧抓住; 保留; 不放弃 9. keep keepaway from  远离; 避开keep back  隐瞒; 克制(感情)keep on 继续; 坚持下去keep out of 置身……外; 避开keep up 保持; 继续keep up with 跟上keep an eye out for 密切注意; 留心; 警惕keep an eye on照看; 密切注视 10. leave leave alone 不打扰; 不理, 不管leave behind 留下; 丢下, 丢弃leave out遗漏, 忽略 11. look look around 环顾四周look away from把目光从……移开look into调查; 窥视look back on回忆，回顾look up查找, 查询; 向上看look up to尊敬; 敬仰look down upon 歧视, 看不起look forward to盼望; 期待look through 浏览; 快速查看look out for心, 留意, 小心 12. make make use of 利用make up组成; 编造; 化妆; 和解make up for 补偿; 弥补make for 走向; 有助于; 促成, 导致 make sense有意义; 有道理; 讲得通make sense of 理解; 弄明白make out 理解; 分辨出, 辨认出make it 成功 13. put put aside 撇开; 暂不考虑; 储蓄put away收拾, 整理; 储存put back把……放回原处put forwar提出; 拨快put down记下, 写下, 镇压put out伸出; 扑灭; 生产; 出版put up建造, 张贴; 提供住宿put up with忍受; 容忍put on 穿上, 增加, 上演 14. set set aside划出; 留出; 拨出set about着手做某事 set out 出发, 动身set out to do sth. 着手做某事set off   动身; 引起; 使爆炸set up   建立, 创立 15. turn turn away   走开; 转过脸去turn down 拒绝; 关小, 调低turn up 开大; 出现, 到场turn out结果是, 证明是; 生产turn over   翻转; 翻阅, 仔细考虑turn against  反对; 背叛turn to 转向; 求助于 16. take take after  长得像某人take apart 拆开; 拆卸take back 收回, 撤销take down 记下; 拆卸; 取下take away 带走, 拿走, 剥夺take up从事; 占据(时间、空间);接着做take in 吸收; 接受; 理解, 欺骗take off 起飞; 脱下; 成功, take on呈现; 具有; 承担; 雇用take over接管, 接收take advantage of利用takeit easy放松, 别紧张take your time 慢慢来, 别着急take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事take action 采取行动 03 2025高考动词熟词生义 1. address熟义：地址；演讲 生义：设法解决；处理；对付 The people who put the signs in their yards created a real homeowners association to address climate change in their communities.（2025全国一卷） We must address the problem of air pollution immediately.我们必须立即处理空气污染问题。 2. strike熟义：打击；罢工；撞击 生义：给（某人以……）印象；让（某人）觉得 “They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important.” （2025全国一卷） What really struck me was their enthusiasm.真正让我印象深刻的是他们的热情。 3. account熟义：账单；描述；叙述；报道 生义：account for 解释；说明 “We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs.”（2025全国一卷） Eventually, you will need to account for your actions/behavior.你终究得对自己的行为做出解释。 4. cut熟义：切；割；砍 生义：削减；降低 “I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional photos, another asking for a price cut.” （2025全国一卷） He had to accept a cut in pay. = He had to accept a pay cut.他不得不接受减薪。 5. spare熟义：抽出；匀出；备用的 生义：使免遭（麻烦、痛苦等）；免去 “Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered.” （2025全国一卷） She was spared from having to answer any more questions.她不必回答更多的问题。 6. count on熟义：指望；依靠 生义：期待，指望，预料到（某事发生） “There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: ...” （2025全国一卷） The kids are counting on going to the movies. Don't disappoint them!孩子们正盼着去看电影。别让他们失望！ 7. force the issue熟义：强迫问题（字面义）生义：强行实施；强迫做决定 “my brother decided to leave rather than force the issue” （2025全国一卷） They would never have addressed the problem if that newspaper article hadn't forced the issue. 若非报纸的那篇文章强行敦促，他们绝对不会着手处理这个问题。 8. part熟义：部分；分开（动词）生义：（尤指因意见不合）分手；告别 He was unhappy over the way we had parted. （2025全国一卷） We parted on friendly terms.  我们友好地分手了。 9. place  熟义：v. 放置；安放  n. （某）地方   生义：v. 下（订单） Thank you. Then I can place the order.  （2025全国二卷） 谢谢。那我现在可以下单了。 The company placed an order (with the manufacturer) for an additional 100 units.   这家公司又（向生产厂家）下了100套的订单。 10. skirt  熟义：n. 女裙；裙子  生义：v. 绕过……的边缘；沿着……边缘走 Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. （2025全国二卷）   绕过市政厅广场，你会发现可爱的商店、餐馆以及黑白屋博物馆。 We skirted around the edge of the city.   我们沿着城边走。 11. line  熟义：n. 线；队列；队伍   生义：v. 沿……排列成行 Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square. （2025全国二卷）   肉店、蔬果店、面包店和奶酪店环绕着市政厅广场。 Students lined the hall, waiting to register for classes.  学生们在大厅排队，等着注册选课。 12. flood  熟义：n. 洪水；水灾  v. 淹没   生义：v. 大量涌来；大量涌去 But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. （2025全国二卷）   但结果却截然相反：她忙得不可开交，仅2020年6月就发出了1200份订单。 Telephone calls came flooding in from all over the country. 全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。 13. translate  熟义：v. 翻译   生义：v. （使）改变形式；转化 This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. （2025全国二卷）   这种生产力同样适用于成年人的职场。 I hope all the hard work will translate into profits.   我希望所有的辛勤劳动都会有回报。 14. practice  熟义：v. 练习  n. 练习   生义：v. （医生、律师等）执业，从业 Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. （2025全国二卷）  医生行医，律师执业，而你也应该给自己时间去练习如何养护植物。 My cousin plans to practice medicine/law/dentistry. 我的表弟打算当医生/律师/牙医。 15. tailor  熟义：n. （定做男装的）裁缝  v. 定做（衣服）   生义：v. 专门制作（或改制）；定做 Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.  （2025全国二卷） 每道菜都是为提高人们对食物浪费的认识而量身定制的。 Most travel agents are prepared to tailor travel arrangements to meet individual requirements.     为了满足个别人士需要，大多数旅行社都愿意作出专门的旅游安排。 16. reject  熟义：v. 拒绝相信；拒绝接受   生义：v. （因质量差而）决定不出版，决定不发行 Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. （2025全国二卷）   羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被拒收的甘薯和黄瓜头等食材都被重新利用，在几位优秀厨师的帮助下，变成了美味佳肴。 The produce inspector rejected several crates of berries that had begun to grow mold.   产品质检员把几箱发霉的浆果退了回去。 17. address  熟义：v.写收信人姓名地址；致辞；演讲  n. 住址；寄送地址   生义：v. 处理；关注 Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. （2025全国二卷）  尽管如此，它提醒我们，解决可持续性问题的方法有很多，你几乎可以用任何东西做出美味佳肴。 The governor is addressing himself to the problem of underfunded schools.州长正在着手解决学校资金短缺问题。 18. maintain  熟义：v. 维护；养护；保养；坚持；断言；主张   生义：v. 维持；保持 Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age. （2025全国二卷）  华盛顿大学发现，55岁及以上从事志愿工作的成年人比同龄人记忆力更好，整体健康状况维持得更久。 He has found it difficult to maintain a healthy weight.他发现要保持健康的体重很困难。 19. work out  熟义：想出，制订出（计划等）；做出（决策等）；（用数学）解决；算出   生义：锻炼；健身；做运动 Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle, before discovering a passion for weightlifting. （2025全国二卷）  多诺霍女士决心改变自己的生活，开始锻炼并遵循健康的生活方式，之后又发现了对举重的热爱。 She works out at the gym twice a week. 她每周在健身房锻炼两次。 20. spare  熟义：v. 抽出，拿出（时间、金钱等） adj. 备用的；额外的；空余的  生义：v. 使免遭；使免受；免除 This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over-explain. （2025全国二卷）  这种方法让我避免了过度解释的尴尬。 He spared them the embarrassment of a public apology.   他使他们免遭公开道歉的尴尬。 01 状态类系动词 状态类系动词是用来表示主语的性质、状态、身份或特征的动词，其后通常接表语，构成 “主语+系动词+表语”的基本结构。最常见的状态类系动词是be动词（am, is, are, was, were）。 My parents were teachers before retirement. 我父母退休前是教师。 The room was quiet except for a soft music. 除了轻柔的音乐，房间里很安静。 02 持续类系动词 持续系动词表示主语持续的状态，如remain保持，stay保持，keep保持，lie位于，stand矗立等。 He stayed calm even in an emergency. 即使在紧急情况下，他也保持冷静。 He remained silent during the discussion. 讨论中他一直保持沉默。 03 感官类系动词 感官系动词表示人体感官的感受，如look看起来，seem看起来,appear好像，sound听起来，smell闻起来，taste尝起来，feel摸起来。 The food tasted better than it looked. 这食物吃起来味道比看上去要好。 The music from the piano sounds wonderful to my ears. 钢琴里传出的音乐在我听来很美妙。 04 变化类系动词 变化系动词表示主语状态的变化，如become变成, get变得, turn转变, grow变得, go变得等。 He turned pale when he saw the accident. 他看到事故后脸色变得苍白。 The food went bad because of the heat. 食物因天热变坏了。 05 终止类系动词 终止类系动词中prove 和 turn out 侧重 “结果被证实”，表示主语的状态或性质最终被证明为某种情况，强调 “从表象到明确结果” 的终止性转变。 The new method proved effective in solving the problem. 这种新方法证明能有效解决问题。 The stranger turned out an old friend from my hometown. 这个陌生人原来是我家乡的老朋友。 【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. 1．The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 1．felt 解析：考查时态。句意：当我跳进游泳池晨练时，水感觉很凉。根据句意和句中“jumped”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“feel”意为“感觉”，为感官动词，用主动形式表示被动含义，“feel”的过去式为“felt”。故填felt。 2．This sort of roast meat is a local super food and it （taste）delicious. 2．tastes 解析：考查动词时态。句意：这种烤肉是当地的超级食物，它尝起来很美味。分析句子可知，taste是谓语动词，由上文的is可知，用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，且taste是系动词，无被动式，故填tastes。 3．It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and （prove）extremely popular with the public. 3．proved 解析：考查系动词。句意：它有刷成白色的管道和亮红色的车厢，证明是在大众中特别受欢迎的。根据空格后面的形容词popular和给出的提示词，可知此处prove作系动词，“证明是、原来是、结果是”，根据前句时态一般过去时，故填proved。 4．The young man performed as if he (be) a woman on the stage. 4．were 解析：考查谓语。句意：那位男人在舞台上表现的好像是一个女人一样。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“as if”引导的方式状语从句的虚拟语气结构，从句谓语跟主句谓语“performed”是同时发生，要用一般过去式的形式，be动词要用were。故填were。 5．So absorbed   she in the work that Jane often forgot to take meals. 5．was 解析：考查倒装。在so...that...句型中，so出现于句首时，一般用倒装；又由forgot可知，此处是对过去发生的事情的一般性描述，应用一般过去时。故填was。 ( 动词和动词短语 综合能力提升 ) 一、单句填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．（2024天津3月卷）Exercise is not only good for our bodies, but it can also _________ our mood and help us deal with anxiety. A．boost B．match C．ruin D．reflect 1. A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：运动不仅对我们的身体有好处，而且还可以改善我们的情绪，帮助我们应对焦虑。A. boost促进，提高；B. match匹配； C. ruin毁灭；D. reflect反思。由句意和help us deal with anxiety可知，这里指运动可以“促进（改善）”我们的情绪。故选A项。 2．（2024天津6月卷）As a symbol of the glorious history of Chinese civilization, the Forbidden City _________ the cultural memory of the country. A．invents B．preserves C．acquires D．declares 2. B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为中华文明辉煌历史的象征，紫禁城保存着国家的文化记忆。A. invents发明；B. preserves保存；C. acquires获得；D. declares宣布。根据“the cultural memory of the country”可知，紫禁城作为历史的象征，应该是保存文化记忆。故选B。 3. (2023天津3月卷) When Lisa moved to a new city, she had a hard time ________ to her new surroundings. A．adding B．adjusting C．applying D．attending 3. B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当丽莎搬到一个新的城市时，她很难适应新的环境。A. adding增加；B. adjusting适应；C. applying申请；D. attending出席。由下文“to her new surroundings.”可知，此处表示适应新的环境，adjust to固定搭配，意为“适应”，故选B。 4. (2023天津6月卷)We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A．mustn’t B．daren’t C．needn’t D．can’t 4. C 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们不必为细节而烦恼，因为我们的队友会尽全力帮助我们。A. mustn’t禁止；B. daren’t不敢；C. needn’t不必；D. can’t不能。根据“for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us”可知，因为我们队友会全力帮助我们，所以我们不必为细节烦恼。故选C。 5. (2022天津卷) If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later. A. highlight B. identify C. ignore D. prevent 5. C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们继续忽视环境问题，我们迟早会后悔的。A. highlight突出；强调；B. identify辨认；识别；C. ignore忽视；D. prevent阻止。由句意可知对于环境问题我们迟早会后悔，而这一切都是因为我们对环境问题的忽视。故选C项。 6.（2021天津卷） Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the same for nearly 40 years. A. stayed B. turned C. grown D. got 6. A 解析：考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持；B.turned变成（某种颜色）；C.grown变得；D.got变成。根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。 7.（2021天津卷）Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life. A．judge B．differ C．withdraw D．benefit 7. C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利·大卫·梭罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. judge判断；B. differ不同；C. withdraw抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from“离开”。故选C。 8.（2020江苏卷）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time. A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify 8. D 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。 9.（2024天津3月卷）Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music but she _________ it with hard work. A．lives up to B．makes up for C．reaches out to D．looks out for 9. B 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：卡洛琳没有音乐天赋，但她通过努力学习弥补了这一缺陷。A.lives up to不辜负；B.makes up for弥补；C.reaches out to联系；D.looks out for留意。根据“Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music”及“hard work”可知，她通过努力学习弥补了这一缺陷。故选B。 10.（2024天津6月卷）The new model electric car should _________ many safety tests before it is released to the public. A．turn out B．bring about C．go through D．set up 10. C 解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：新款电动汽车在向公众发布之前应该经过许多安全测试。A. turn out结果是；B. bring about引起；C. go through通过；D. set up建立。新型电动汽车在正式上市之前应该通过多次安全测试。故选C项。 11. (2023天津3月卷)We are determined that our teacher training programs should ________ current developments in the field of education. A．catch sight of B．make room for C．take pride in D．keep pace with 11. D 解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们决心我们的教师培训计划应该跟上当前教育领域的发展。A. catch sight of看见；B. make room for为……腾出空间；C. take pride in以……为骄傲；D. keep pace with与……保持同步；跟上……。由上文“our teacher training programs should”和下文“current developments in the field of education.”可知，教师培训计划应该跟上当前教育领域的发展，“跟上”为动词短语keep pace with，故选D。 12. (2023天津3月卷)________a small amount of money each month is widely recognized as a good habit for personal finance management. A．Picking out B．Putting aside C．Giving away D．Getting back 12. B 解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：每月存一点钱被广泛认为是个人理财的好习惯。A. Picking out 挑选出；B. Putting aside 存储；C. Giving away 捐赠；D. Getting back 回来。根据“is widely recognized as a good habit for personal finance management”可知，存钱理财是好习惯。故选 B。 13.（2021天津卷） I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some. A. made up for B. run out of C. kept away from D. got down to 13. B 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。 14.（2020天津卷）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him. A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on C．kept an eye on D．made an apology to 14. C 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to为……干杯；B. played a joke on开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。 15.（2019天津卷）Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying. A. set aside B. take back C. make out D. keep off 15. C 解析：考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。 二、单句填空 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．They are ________ ways to improve education quality. A．employing B．departing C．disrupting D．seeking 1．D 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们正在寻找提高教育质量的方法。A. employing使用，运用；B. departing离开，出发；C. disrupting扰乱，使中断；D. seeking寻找，寻求。根据“ways to improve education quality”可知，动词seeking“寻求”符合题意，构成现在进行时，强调持续性的努力，表示“正在寻求”。故选D。 2．What makes a good speaker is his or her ability to an audience’s needs and concerns. A．exceed B．exploit C．anticipate D．accumulate 2．C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个好的演讲者所具备的能力是能够预料到听众的需求和关注点。A. exceed超过；B. exploit利用；C. anticipate预料，预期；D. accumulate积累。根据“an audience’s needs and concerns”可知，空格处应表达“预料，预期”，故用anticipate。故选C。 3．The Internet users have been warned to any message that ask you to send cash or personal information, no matter how formal they are. A．abandon B．enhance C．decrease D．reject 3．D 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：互联网用户已被警告要拒绝任何要求你发送现金或个人信息的信息，无论它们看起来多么正式。A. abandon抛弃；B. enhance增强；C. decrease减少；D. reject拒绝。结合“any message that ask you to send cash or personal information”可知，空格处应表达“拒绝”，故用reject。故选D。 4．The keen competition in online game industry forced the firms with poor performance to _____ from the market. A．convert B．withdraw C．resign D．remove 4．B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：网络游戏产业的激烈竞争迫使业绩不佳的公司退出市场。A. convert转换；B. withdraw退出；C. resign辞职；D. remove移除。结合“from the market”可知，业绩不佳的公司应是“退出”市场，用withdraw  from表示“从……退出”。故选B。5．Despite the vast knowledge that we have ________, there are still many unsolved natural mysteries out there. A．accumulated B．anticipated C．cooperated D．purchased 5．A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们已经积累了大量的知识，但仍有许多未解的自然之谜存在着。A. accumulated积累；B. anticipated预期；C. cooperated合作；D. purchased购买。根据上文“the vast knowledge that we have”指积累了大量知识。故选A。 6．Before a beach visit, ________ a sand brush to your beach bag to clean off before getting in the car. A．replace B．attach C．store D．dry 6．B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在去海滩之前，请在你的旅行包里装上一把沙滩刷，以便在上车前将身上的沙子清理干净。A. replace取代；B. attach附加；C. store保存；D. dry变干。根据后文“a sand brush to your beach bag”指附带一把沙滩刷，故选B。 7．The small coastal town of Qingdao, known for its beautiful beaches and rich maritime culture, ________ some of the most spectacular coastal scenery in the country. A．claims B．displays C．boasts D．preserves 7．C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：青岛这座沿海小镇以其美丽的海滩和丰富的海洋文化而闻名，它拥有国内一些最壮观的海滨风景。A. claims声称；B. displays展示；C. boasts拥有（值得骄傲的东西），以……而自豪；D. preserves保护，保存。根据“some of the most spectacular coastal scenery in the country”可知，青岛这座小镇拥有国内一些最壮观的海滨风景，boasts符合语境。故选C。 8．Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were ______ for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated. A．exceeded B．discouraged C．suspended D．protected 8．C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在“挑战者”号航天飞机事故发生后的震惊之下，航天飞机的飞行活动暂停了近三年，期间对事故原因进行了调查。A. exceeded超过；B. discouraged使沮丧；C. suspended暂停；D. protected保护。根据后文“for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated”可知，航天飞机的飞行活动暂停了近三年，期间对事故原因进行了调查。故选C。 9．Today, architects continues to explore ways to _______ the beauty of natural forms. A．recycle B．capture C．power D．channel 9．B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，建筑师们继续探索捕捉自然形态之美的方法。A. recycle回收利用；B. capture捕捉，描绘；C. power提供动力；D. channel引导，输送。根据空后“the beauty of natural forms”可知，此处指“捕捉自然形态的美”，B 选项符合句意。故选B。 10．Both Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were happy to _______ from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature. A．withdraw B．acknowledge C．evaluate D．recover 10．A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：陶渊明和梭罗都乐于从当代生活中退出，寻求与自然的和谐关系。A. withdraw退出、撤离；B. acknowledge承认、致谢；C. evaluate评估、评价；D. recover恢复、痊愈。根据句中“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature”可知，他们都寻求与自然的和谐关系，所以，两人选择远离当代生活，withdraw from表示“从……退出”，符合“脱离世俗生活、回归自然”的语境。故选A项。 11．Mother tried to________the traffic rules to her young children before they rode their bikes. A．get across B．go against C．stick to D．set up 11．A 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：在孩子们骑自行车之前，母亲努力向他们讲清交通规则。A. get across使……被理解；B. go against违背；C. stick to坚持；D. set up建立。根据“before they rode their bikes.”可知，此处指母亲努力让孩子们理解交通规则，应用get across。故选A。 12．If you think about other people’s feelings as well as your own, you’ll soon find everything _______. A．turns out B．runs out C．works out D．brings out 12．C 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你既考虑自己的感受，也考虑别人的感受，你很快会发现一切都能顺利解决。A. turns out结果是；B. runs out用完；C. works out解决，进展顺利；D. brings out使显现。根据句意和If you think about other people’s feelings as well as your own可知，这里指考虑到别人感受后你会发现一切进展顺利。故选C项。 13．Susan won first prize in the end-of-term examination, which _________ her parents’ expectations. A．made use of B．lived up to C．caught up with D．stood up to 13．B 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：苏珊在期末考试中获得了第一名，这没有辜负她父母的期望。A. made use of利用；B. lived up to不辜负；C. caught up with追上；D. stood up to抵抗。由“Susan won first prize in the end-of-term examination”可知，句子表示“没有辜负她父母的期望”，空格处意为“不辜负”。故选B。 14．The ship sank as a result of knocking into the rocks. Fortunately, the sailors on board were _________ by a passing boat. A．made up B．set up C．turned up D．picked up 14．D 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：这艘船因撞上礁石而沉没。幸运的是，船上的水手被一艘路过的船救起了。A. made up组成、编造；B. set up建立、设立；C. turned up出现、调高；D. picked up捡起、接载、救起。根据“by a passing boat.”可知，此处指水手们得救，动词短语picked up符合语境。故选D项。 15．Tim’s parents advised him not to ________ the job offer, as it included super benefits and career growth. A．take up B．work out C．give out D．pass up 15．D 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：蒂姆的父母建议他不要放弃这份工作机会，因为它包含丰厚的福利和职业发展空间。A. take up开始从事，占据；B. work out解决，锻炼；C. give out分发，耗尽；D. pass up放弃（机会）。 根据下文“as it included super benefits and career growth(因工作包含丰厚福利和职业发展)”可知，父母认为这是一份难得的工作，不应错过。D选项“pass up”表示主动放弃机会，符合语境。故选D。 16．Scientists warn that if we don’t protect biodiversity, human activities may over 50% of endangered species by 2050. A．wipe out B．try out C．point out D．work out 16．A 解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：科学家们警告说，如果我们不保护生物多样性，到2050年，人类活动可能会使超过50%的濒危物种灭绝。A. wipe out消灭，灭绝；B. try out试验，试用；C. point out指出；D. work out解决，算出。根据“if we don’t protect biodiversity”以及“over 50% of endangered species”可知，此处说的是不保护生物多样性可能导致濒危物种消失的后果，“wipe out”有“使灭绝”的意思，符合语境。故选A项。 17．Although some people like to ______ their wealth, income is a very private matter for most Americans. A．show off B．bring up C．settle down D．set aside 17．A 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管有些人喜欢炫耀他们的财富，但对大多数美国人来说，收入是一个非常私人的问题。A. show off炫耀；B. bring up提出，抚养；C. settle down安顿下来，平静下来；D. set aside留出，不顾。根据句意，这里表示有些人喜欢炫耀他们的财富。故选A项。 18．We have already bought the house but we won’t _______ it until May. A．make room for B．take possession of C．drink a toast to D．become a target for 18．B 解析：考查动词短语辨析。 句意：我们已经买了这所房子，但要到五月份才会入住（拥有它）。A. make room for 为……腾出空间； B. take possession of拥有，占有； C. drink a toast to为……干杯； D. become a target for成为……的目标。 根据前文“已经买了房子”以及“but”表示转折，说明虽然买了但还没实际拥有、入住。故选B。 19．In order for a basketball team to win a match, everyone must work hard, and ________. A．let off steam B．pull their weight C．break into smile D．rise to their feet 19．B 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：要想让一支篮球队赢得比赛，每个队员都必须努力拼搏，各尽其责。A. let off steam释放压力；B. pull their weight尽力做贡献；C. break into smile露出笑容；D. rise to their feet站起来。根据上文“to win a match, everyone must work hard, and”指为了获胜每个人要尽力做贡献。故选B。 20．In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away, even _____ its transport. A．taking into account B．having an effect on C．falling in love with D．keeping in touch with 20．A 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：在某些情况下，本地生产的农产品所消耗的能源以及所产生的温室气体量，可能会比那些从远方运来的产品还要多，即便将运输过程中的能耗和气体排放都考虑在内也是如此。A. taking into account考虑；B. having an effect on对……有影响；C. falling in love with爱上；D. keeping in touch with保持联系。根据后文“its transport”指考虑运输因素，故选A。 三、动词与语法填空 （25-26高三下·全国·课后作业）在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It’s strange, but I don’t really remember much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so quickly. I 1   (sit) in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just 2 (fly) off. All of a sudden, there was sky where the roof had been. I was so frightened that I just 3 (freeze). Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into a river in 4 (second). We were going nowhere. At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. Without a roof, 5 (stay) inside was too dangerous. There was water everywhere, but we couldn’t drink any of it otherwise we’d get really sick. We just had drinking water 6 was sent to us by helicopter, but it was never enough. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days 7 (watch) the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit. 8 (live) in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos. But Mom said that 9 happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive, though. We had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie. All we had left 10 (be) the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe. Mom’s words made us feel better. 【答案】1．was sitting 2．flew 3．froze 4．seconds 5．staying 6．that/which 7．watching 8．Living 9．whatever 10．were 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和妈妈经历飓风的过程及当时的所见所感。 1．考查动词时态。句意：我正坐在房间里，怀里抱着我的猫斯玛蒂，这时屋顶突然飞了出去。此处为固定句型“be doing...when...”，意为“正在做……这时……”，结合语境，用过去进行时；主语I为第一人称，所以谓语动词为was sitting。故填was sitting。 2．考查动词时态。句意：我正坐在房间里，怀里抱着我的猫斯玛蒂，这时屋顶突然飞了出去。此处为固定句型“be doing...when...”，意为“正在做……这时……”，此处为谓语动词，描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为flew。故填flew。 3．考查动词时态。句意：我吓得僵住了。此处为谓语动词，描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时froze。故填froze。 4．考查名词复数。句意：我们的街道瞬间变成了一条河。此处为固定搭配in seconds，意为“瞬间”，所以此处为second的复数形式seconds。故填seconds。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：没有屋顶，待在屋里太危险了。此处为非谓语动词作主语，此处描述的是一般性动作，所以用动名词形式staying作主语。故填staying。 6．考查定语从句。句意：我们只有直升机送来的饮用水，但这远远不够。此处为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为drinking water，指事物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：我整天都在看街上往来的船只，寻找斯玛蒂。此处为固定搭配spend time doing sth.，意为“花费时间做某事”，所以用动名词watching作宾语。故填watching。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：住在露天，我们成了蚊子的早中晚餐。此处为非谓语动词作状语，we与live为主动关系，用现在分词living，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Living。 9．考查连词。句意：但妈妈说，无论发生什么，我们都应该努力看到事情好的一面。此处为连词引导状语从句，连词在从句中作主语，结合句意，此处表示“无论什么”，用whatever引导让步状语从句。故填whatever。 10．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我们只剩下身上的衣服了。此处为谓语动词，描述过去的情况，用一般过去时；主语All we had left指代复数名词clothes，所以谓语动词为were。故填were。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第23页，共23页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$