内容正文:
编写说明:2026版广西(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、《广西高等职业教育英语考试大纲与说明》(2026年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将职教高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳考试大纲要求掌握的基础知识点,助力考生夯实基础。本专辑共三大部分23个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是依据各个职教高考题型编写的题型技巧清单,第三部分是针对课程标准和职教高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。
本专题是2026版广西(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第8个专题,内容为形容词和副词。
2026年广西职教高考一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题8 形容词和副词(讲+练)
【考点解读】
根据2026年版《广西高等职业教育考试大纲与说明》,考生需掌握形容词的基本用法,形容词比较级和最高级的基本用法;副词要求掌握副词的基本用法,副词比较级和最高级的基本用法。
考点
内容解读
举例
形容词
用法:形容词在句子中一般可以作定语、表语、主语、宾语补足语
She has a beautiful voice. (她有一个美丽的嗓音。) - (beautiful 修饰 voice)
She seems happy today. (她今天似乎很开心。)
(seem 修饰happy)
The young should respect the old. (年轻人应该尊敬老人。
(the + 形容词young 表示年轻人 做主语)
)The news made her happy. (这个消息让她很开心。) - (happy 说明宾语 her 的状态)
a lovely little old round red Chinese wooden table
(一个可爱的、小的、古老的、圆的、红色的、中式的、木制桌子)
位置:作定语、表语、宾语补足语、多个形容词修饰一个名词时的顺序
分类(构成):本身具有的性质、名词+y、名词+ful、名词+ly、名词+able、动词现在分词或过去分词
small 小的
wind-windy 有风的
use-useful 有用的
suit-suitable 合适的
interested-interesting 使人感兴趣的-有趣的
副词
用法与位置:修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子
It's very cold today. (今天非常冷。)
- very 修饰形容词 cold
Fortunately, the weather was good. (幸运的是,天气很好。)
- Fortunately 修饰句子
分类:时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、频度副词、疑问副词
today、 tomorrow、 here、 there
构成:形容词+ly、辅音字母+y结尾、以le结尾、以ll结尾、以ue结尾
slow-slowly
easy-easily
形容词和副词比较级最高级
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则,熟练使用形容词和副词比较级和最高级形式的基本句型和特殊句型
The girl sings better than any other girl in her class.
那个女孩唱得比她班上的其他女孩都要好。
China is one of the largest countries in the world.
中国是世界上最大的国家之一。
【知识点清单一】形容词
【要点精讲】掌握形容词的概念、用法、位置、分类
形容词是用来描述和修饰名词或代词的一类词,说明人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性。回答“什么样的?”(What kind?)、“多少?”(How many?)、“哪一个?”(Which one?) 等问题。
一、形容词的分类
分类
用法解读
示例
性质形容词
描述事物的性质或特征
big (大的), small (小的), happy (开心的), sad (伤心的), beautiful (美丽的), ugly (丑的), hot (热的), cold (冷的), difficult (困难的), easy (容易的)
数量形容词
描述事物的数量或程度
some (一些), many (许多), much (许多 - 不可数), few (很少 - 可数), little (很少 - 不可数), several (几个), enough (足够的), all (所有的), no (没有)
限定性/指示形容词
特指或指示某个特定的人或物
this (这个), that (那个), these (这些), those (那些)
所有格形容词
表示所属关系
my (我的), your (你的/你们的), his (他的), her (她的), its (它的), our (我们的), their (他们的)
疑问形容词
用于提问,修饰名词
which (哪一个), what (什么), whose (谁的)
Which book do you want? (你想要哪本书?)
Whose pen is this? (这是谁的钢笔?)
序数形容词
表示顺序
first (第一), second (第二), third (第三), last (最后的)
二、形容词的构成
形容词的构成
示例
单词本身具有形容词的性质
small小的、strange 陌生的、big大的
名词加后缀变成形容词
1.名词加y
wind-windy 有风的 cloud-cloudy 多云的 snow-snowy 下雪的
2.名词加ful
use-useful 有用的 help-helpful 有帮助的 wonder-wonderful 美妙的
3.名词加ly
love-lovely 可爱的friend-friendly 友好的 week-weekly 每周的
4.动词/名词加able
suit-suitable 合适的 comfort- comfortable 舒适的
动词现在分词或过去分词充当形容词
interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 excited 兴奋的 exciting 刺激的 surprised 惊讶的 surprising 令人惊讶的 pleasing 令人愉悦的 pleased 高兴的
三、形容词的用法与位置
用法
位置
示例
作定语
放在所修饰的名词前面。 (最常见位置)
She has a beautiful voice. (她有一个美丽的嗓音。) - (beautiful 修饰 voice)
It's a difficult problem. (这是个困难的问题。) - (difficult 修饰 problem)
I need three pencils. (我需要三支铅笔。) - (three 修饰 pencils)
This computer is new. (这台电脑是新的。) - (This 修饰 computer)
My book is on the desk. (我的书在桌子上。) - (My 修饰 book)
作表语
放在系动词后面,描述主语的状态或特征
常见系动词:
be (am, is, are, was, were): He is tall. (他很高。)
seem (似乎), appear (显得): She seems happy today. (她今天似乎很开心。)
look (看起来), sound (听起来), smell (闻起来), taste (尝起来), feel (摸起来/感觉): The soup smells delicious. (这汤闻起来很香。) The music sounds beautiful. (这音乐听起来很美。) I feel tired. (我感觉累了。) 【考试重点!系动词后必须跟形容词!】
become (变得), get (变得), grow (渐渐变得), turn (变得): The leaves turn yellow in autumn. (秋天树叶变黄了。) It's getting dark. (天渐渐变黑了。)
keep (保持), stay (保持): Please keep quiet. (请保持安静。) Stay calm! (保持冷静!)
作宾语补足语
放在宾语后面,补充说明宾语的状态或特征。常用于某些动词后 (如 make, keep, find, think, consider, paint, leave)。
The news made her happy. (这个消息让她很开心。) - (happy 说明宾语 her 的状态)
We found the exam difficult. (我们发现考试很难。) - (difficult 说明宾语 exam 的特征)
They painted the wall blue. (他们把墙漆成了蓝色。) - (blue 说明宾语 wall 的结果状态)
Please keep the room clean. (请保持房间清洁。) - (clean 说明宾语 room 的状态)
后置修饰
(在少数情况下,形容词放在名词后面)
修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词
I have something important to tell you. (我有重要的事情要告诉你。)
Is there anything interesting on TV? (电视上有什么有趣的节目吗?)
There's nothing wrong with the machine. (这台机器没什么毛病。)
某些固定短语
the President elect (当选总统), a court martial (军事法庭), the sum total (总额)
某些形容词本身带补足语(如介词短语)
students interested in computers should join the club. (对电脑感兴趣的学生应该加入这个俱乐部。) - (interested 后接了 in computers)
It's a problem difficult to solve. (这是一个难以解决的问题。) - (difficult 后接了 to solve)
【注意】多个形容词修饰同一名词的顺序
规则
限定词 -> 观点/评价 -> 大小/长短/高低 -> 形状 -> 年龄/新旧 -> 颜色 -> 来源/国籍/地区 -> 材料 -> 用途/类别 -> 名词
口诀助记: 限 (限定词) 观 (观点) 形 (形状/大小) 龄 (年龄) 色 (颜色) 国 (国家) 材 (材料) 用 (用途) 名 (名词)
示例
a (限定词) lovely (观点) small (大小) round (形状) old (年龄) brown (颜色) Chinese (国家) wooden (材料) writing (用途) desk (名词)
(一张可爱的、小的、圆的、旧的、棕色的、中国产的、木制的写字台)
her (限定词) beautiful (观点) long (长短) black (颜色) hair (名词)
(她漂亮的、长长的、黑色的头发)
those (限定词) expensive (观点) big (大小) new (新旧) square (形状) blue (颜色) Italian (国家) leather (材料) sofas (名词)
(那些昂贵的、大的、新的、方形的、蓝色的、意大利的、皮沙发)
the (限定词) first (序数) two (基数) nice (观点) little (大小) Japanese (国家) ceramic (材料) cups (名词)
(前两个漂亮的、小的、日本产的陶瓷杯子)
【即时训练】
1. She bought a ______ wooden jewelry box.
A. Chinese round little red B. little round red Chinese C. red little Chinese round D. Chinese red little round
【答案】B
【解析】考查多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序。句意:她买了一个小巧的、圆形的、红色的、中国风的木制首饰盒。一般规则为:限定词(如 little)→ 描绘性形容词(如 round)→ 颜色(如 red)→ 国籍(如 Chinese)。选项 B 符合这一顺序,故选 B 项。
2.The children were ______ about the ______ magic show.
A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. excited; excited D. exciting; exciting
【答案】A
【解析】考查 - ed 形容词和 - ing 形容词的用法区别。句意:孩子们对这个令人兴奋的魔术表演感到兴奋。-ed 形容词(excited)多用来修饰人,强调 “人感到…… 的”;-ing 形容词(exciting)多用来修饰物,强调 “事物令人…… 的”。第一空主语是 the children(人),用 excited;第二空修饰 magic show(物),用 exciting。故选 A 项。
【知识点清单二】副词
【要点精讲】掌握副词的概念、用法、位置、分类
副词是修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、频率等。回答“如何?”(How?)、“何时?”(When?)、“何地?”(Where?)、“多常?”(How often?)、“到什么程度?”(To what extent?) 等问题。
一、副词的分类
副词的分类
用法解读
示例
方式副词
描述动作发生的方式,通常由形容词加 -ly 构成。回答 “How?”
slowly (慢慢地), quickly (快速地), carefully (小心地), happily (开心地), well (好地), badly (糟糕地), loudly (大声地)
例句:
She sings beautifully. (她唱得很美。)
- beautifully修饰动词 sings
He drives carefully. (他开车很小心。)
- carefully修饰动词 drives
Please speak clearly. (请说清楚点。)
- clearly修饰动词 speak
地点副词
描述动作发生的地点或位置。回答 “Where?”
here (这里), there (那里), everywhere (到处), somewhere (某处), nowhere (无处), upstairs (楼上), downstairs (楼下), abroad (在国外), outside (外面), inside (里面), away (离开)
例句:
Come here! (过来!) - here修饰动词 Come
The children are playing outside. (孩子们正在外面玩。) - outside修饰动词 are playing
I looked everywhere for my keys. (我到处找我的钥匙。) - everywhere修饰动词 looked
时间副词
描述动作发生的时间或频率。回答 “When?” 或 “How often?”
now (现在), then (那时), soon (很快), later (稍后), today (今天), yesterday (昨天), tomorrow (明天), always (总是), usually (通常), often (经常), sometimes (有时), seldom (很少), never (从不), already (已经), yet (还/已经 - 常用于疑问/否定)
例句:
I will call you later. (我稍后给你打电话。) - -later修饰动词 will call
She always arrives on time. (她总是准时到。) - always修饰动词 arrives
Have you finished your homework yet? (你做完作业了吗?)
- yet修饰动词 Have finished
程度副词
修饰形容词、副词或动词,表示程度。回答 “To what extent?”
very (非常), quite (相当), too (太), enough (足够地), almost (几乎), nearly (几乎), hardly (几乎不), scarcely (几乎不), extremely (极其), completely (完全地), absolutely (绝对地), really (真的), so (如此), rather (相当)
例句:
The coffee is very hot. (咖啡非常烫。)
- very修饰形容词 hot
He runs quite fast. (他跑得相当快。)
- quite修饰副词 fast
I really like this movie. (我真的很喜欢这部电影。) - really修饰动词 like
She almost finished the race. (她几乎完成了比赛。) - almost修饰动词 finished
频度副词 (时间副词的一种,常单列)
描述动作发生的频率。回答 “How often?” 常放在实义动词前,be动词/助动词后。
always (总是), usually (通常), often (经常), sometimes (有时), occasionally (偶尔), seldom (很少), rarely (罕有地), hardly ever (几乎从不), never (从不)
例句:
She often goes to the library. (她经常去图书馆。) - 放在实义动词 goes 前
He is always late. (他总是迟到。)
- 放在be动词 is 后
I have never been to Paris. (我从未去过巴黎。) - 放在助动词 have 后
句子副词
修饰整个句子,表达说话者的看法或态度。常放在句首,用逗号隔开。
Fortunately (幸运的是), Unfortunately (不幸的是), Obviously (显然), Clearly (显然), Honestly (老实说), Seriously (严肃地说), Generally (通常), Frankly (坦率地说), Luckily (幸运的是)
例句:
Fortunately, the weather was good.
(幸运的是,天气很好。
Honestly, I don't know the answer.
(老实说,我不知道答案。)
Clearly, there has been a mistake.
(显然,出了差错。)
二、副词的构成
构成
示例
形容词 + -ly: (最常见)
quick -> quickly (快速地), careful -> carefully (小心地),
辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词,把y改为i, 再加ly
happy -> happily (开心地) easy -> easily (容易地)
以le结尾的形容词,把e改为y
terrible -> terribly (可怕地/非常地)
以ll结尾的形容词,直接在后面加y
full->fully(满地)
以ue结尾的形容词,去掉e再加ly
true->truly(真正地)
与形容词同形 (形式不变):
既是形容词也是副词。
需根据句子成分判断词性!
fast (快的/快地), hard (硬的/困难的;努力地), early (早的/早地), late (晚的/晚地), daily (每日的/每日地), weekly (每周的/每周地), monthly (每月的/每月地), yearly (每年的/每年地), high (高的/高地), low (低的/低地), deep (深的/深地), far (远的/远地), near (近的/近地), straight (直的/径直地), long (长的/长久地), enough (足够的/足够地)
例句:
He is a fast runner. (形容词,修饰名词 runner)
/ He runs fast. (副词,修饰动词 runs)
This is a hard question. (形容词,修饰名词 question)
/ He works hard. (副词,修饰动词 works)
We had an early breakfast. (形容词,修饰名词 breakfast)
/ I woke up early. (副词,修饰动词短语 woke up)
The plane flew high. (副词,修饰动词 flew)
/ It's a high mountain. (形容词,修饰名词 mountain)
特殊变化
巧记:“好坏多少”
good (形容词) -> well (副词 - 表示“好地”)
【well 也可作形容词,表示“身体健康的”】
She is a good student. (形容词)
She speaks English well. (副词)
I don't feel well. (形容词 - 身体健康)
bad (形容词) -> badly (副词 - 表示“糟糕地”)
He had a bad cold. (形容词)
He sang badly. (副词)
much (形容词/代词) -> much (副词 - 修饰比较级) / very (副词 - 修饰形容词/副词原级)
Much work needs to be done. (形容词,修饰名词 work)
It's much colder today. (副词,修饰比较级 colder)
She is very beautiful. (副词,修饰形容词 beautiful)
little (形容词/代词) -> little (副词 - 修饰比较级 less/least) / a little (副词 - 表示“一点”)
There is little time left. (形容词,修饰名词 time)
He knows little about it. (代词)
She is a little tired. (副词,修饰形容词 tired)
三、副词的位置
副词修饰形容词/副词:放其前。 (very good, quite well)
频度副词:be动词/助动词后,实义动词前。 (is always, can never, usually go)
方式/地点/时间副词:常放句末 (动词/宾语后)。 (speak slowly, go there, meet tomorrow)
位置分类
解读
例句(含中文)
修饰动词
方式副词: 常放在动词后或宾语后。
She speaks slowly. (她说话慢。)
/ She speaks English slowly. (她英语说得慢。)
地点副词: 常放在动词后或宾语后。
They went outside. (他们出去了。)
/ Put the book here. (把书放这里。)
时间副词: 可放在句首、句中或句末。句末最常见。
Yesterday I saw a movie. (昨天我看了一部电影。) - 句首 (强调时间)
I often go swimming. (我经常去游泳。) - 句中 (实义动词前)
We will meet tomorrow. (我们明天见。) - 句末
频度副词: 放在 be动词/助动词之后,实义动词之前。
He is always busy. (他总是很忙。) - be动词后
She can never remember names. (她从来记不住名字。) - 助动词后
They usually eat dinner at 7. (他们通常7点吃晚饭。) - 实义动词前
程度副词: 修饰动词时,常放在动词前 (除 enough 外)。
I really enjoyed the party. (我真的很享受这个聚会。)
She almost missed the bus. (她差点错过公交车。)
He didn't run fast enough. (他跑得不够快。) - enough 修饰副词 fast 时放在后面。
修饰形容词
放在形容词前面
It's very cold today. (今天非常冷。)
- very 修饰形容词 cold
The movie was really interesting. (这部电影真的很有趣。)
- really 修饰形容词 interesting
The coffee is hot enough. (咖啡够热了。) - enough 修饰形容词 hot 时放在后面。
修饰其他副词
放在被修饰的副词前面
He drives extremely fast. (他开得非常快。)
- extremely 修饰副词 fast
She speaks English quite well. (她英语说得相当好。)
- quite 修饰副词 well
He arrived too late. (他到得太晚了。)
- too 修饰副词 late
修饰整个句子 (句子副词)
通常放在句首,用逗号隔开
Fortunately, no one was hurt. (幸运的是,没人受伤。)
Seriously, you need to study harder. (说真的,你需要更努力学习。)
四、其他常考副词
abroad在国外 almost几乎 alone独自 carefully小心地
especially尤其 exactly确切地 finally最后,终于 instead替代
nearly几乎 once曾经,一次 probably大概 simply仅仅
properly合适地 recently最近 directly直接地 however然而
besides此外,而且 suddenly突然 right 正好,恰好,直接地
【即时训练】
1. She speaks English ______ because she practices ______.
A. well; daily B. good; daily C. well; day D. good; day
【答案】A
【解析】1. 第一空:修饰动词“speaks”(说)需用副词。well是good的副词形式,表示“说得好”;good是形容词,不能修饰动词。句意:她英语说得很好。
2. 第二空:修饰动词“practices”(练习)需用副词表示频率。daily是副词,意为“每天”;day是名词,不能直接修饰动词。句意:因为她每天都练习。 C项“day”错误,D项“good”错误,故排除C、D。B项“good”错误,故排除B。
2.______, the missing dog was found safe.
A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckily D. Luckier
【答案】C
【解析】 考查副词作评注性状语(修饰整个句子)。句意:幸运地是/所幸,那只失踪的狗被找到,安然无恙。 此处需要一个副词修饰整个句子,表达说话人对后面事件发生方式的评论(“幸运地”)。Luck(名词,运气)、Lucky(形容词,幸运的)、Luckier(形容词比较级,更幸运的)都不能独立修饰整个句子作状语。Luckily(副词,幸运地)符合要求。
【知识点清单三】形容词和副词比较级最高级
【要点精讲】掌握形容词和副词比较级最高级构成和常见句型
形容词和副词比较级常用于人与事物之间的比较一般分为三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。两个人或事物的比较常用比较级,三个或三个以上人或事物的比较常用最高级。
一、形容词和副词比较等级的构成
1.规则变化
类别
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
类别
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少
数双音节词
一般直接加-er,-est
long
tall
hard
longer
taller
harder
longest
tallest
hardest
以字母e 结尾的
词,在词尾加-r,-st
late
large
later
larger
latest
largest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y变成i,再加-er,-est
easy
happy
early
easier
happier
earlier
easiest
happiest
earliest
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写该辅音字母,再加-er,-est
big
hot
bigger
hotter
biggest
hottest
多音节词和部
分双音节词
在词前加more或
most
careful
more
careful
most
careful
beautiful
more
beautiful
most
beautiful
carefully
more
carefully
most
carefully
2.不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
二、形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高等级的主要结构
原级
用法
表示两者在某一方面相同
as+ 形容词/副词原级+as
一样……
I think Science is as important as maths.
表示一方在某方面不如另一方
not as/so + 形容词/副词原级+as
不如…赶不上…
it’s not as /so warm today as yesterday.
表示A是B的几倍
A +倍数+as +形容词原级+as +B
My house is three times as large as hers.
表示程度的副词后+形容词/副词原级
如:too, very, quite, pretty
Tom runs very fast.
比较级用法
表示两者比较
A+ 动词(be动词/实义动词)+形容词/副词比较级+than+B
A比B更…..
My bag is bigger than yours.
表示A和B哪个更…
who/which+动词(be动词/实义动词)+比较级,A or B?
which is bigger? this one or that one?
表示"越来越…"
比较级+and +比较级
more and more+原级(多音节词和部分双音节)
The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
The city is becoming more and more beautiful.
表示"越...,就越…”
the +比较级…,the+比较级…
The more, the better.
表示"倍数”
A+动词(be动词/实义动词)+倍数+比较级+than+B
The building is three times higher than that one.
最高级用法
表示三者及三者以上(人/事物)的比较
the+最高级(+名词)+范围
形容词的最高级前一定要加the
副词的最高级前面 the 可以省去
of/in短语:
一定区域/空间内比较用in
同一类事物范围内比较用of
Alicia is the smallest girl of the three.
艾丽莎是三个女孩中最小的。
Alicia does her homework (the) most carefully in her class.艾丽莎在她班里做作业最认真。
表示"A'B,C哪一个最.”
Which/Who+动词(be动词/实义动词)+the+最高级,A,B or C?
Which city is the biggest. Beijing, Nanjing or Shanghai?
表示"最.之一"
one of + the +最高级+复数名词
Chinese is one of the most popular languages in the world.汉语是世界上最流行的语言之一。
表示"第几最…”
the+序数词+最高级+单数名词
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国的第二长河。
【即时训练】
1. This river is ______ than that one.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
【答案】B
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。关键词“than”(比)提示两者进行比较,需用比较级。句意:这条河比那条河长。 long的比较级是longer(更长)。A项long是原级,C项longest是最高级(通常用于三者及以上比较),D项the longest是最高级(带定冠词),均不符合“两者比较”的语境。
2.Among all students, Lily works ______.
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest
【答案】C
【解析】 考查副词最高级。关键短语“Among all students”(在所有学生中)提示在三人或以上群体中进行比较,需用最高级。句意:在所有学生中,莉莉学习/工作最努力。 hard的最高级是hardest(最努力地)。副词最高级前的定冠词“the”常常可以省略(尤其是在口语和非正式文体中),故C项hardest正确。A项hard是原级,B项harder是比较级(用于两者比较),D项the hardest虽语法正确(最高级带the),但根据句意和常见用法,C项(不带the)更自然且符合题目选项设置(D未提供作为标准答案)。
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编写说明:2026版广西(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新的《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、《广西高等职业教育英语考试大纲与说明》(2026年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将职教高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳考试大纲要求掌握的基础知识点,助力考生夯实基础。本专辑共三大部分23个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是依据各个职教高考题型编写的题型技巧清单,第三部分是针对课程标准和职教高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。
本专题是2026版广西(职教高考)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第8个专题,内容为形容词和副词。
2026年广西职教高考一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题8 形容词和副词(讲+练)
【考点解读】
根据2026年版《广西高等职业教育考试大纲与说明》,考生需掌握形容词的基本用法,形容词比较级和最高级的基本用法;副词要求掌握副词的基本用法,副词比较级和最高级的基本用法。
考点
内容解读
举例
形容词
用法:形容词在句子中一般可以作定语、表语、主语、宾语补足语
She has a beautiful voice. (她有一个美丽的嗓音。) - (beautiful 修饰 voice)
She seems happy today. (她今天似乎很开心。)
(seem 修饰happy)
The young should respect the old. (年轻人应该尊敬老人。
(the + 形容词young 表示年轻人 做主语)
)The news made her happy. (这个消息让她很开心。) - (happy 说明宾语 her 的状态)
a lovely little old round red Chinese wooden table
(一个可爱的、小的、古老的、圆的、红色的、中式的、木制桌子)
位置:作定语、表语、宾语补足语、多个形容词修饰一个名词时的顺序
分类(构成):本身具有的性质、名词+y、名词+ful、名词+ly、名词+able、动词现在分词或过去分词
small 小的
wind-windy 有风的
use-useful 有用的
suit-suitable 合适的
interested-interesting 使人感兴趣的-有趣的
副词
用法与位置:修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子
It's very cold today. (今天非常冷。)
- very 修饰形容词 cold
Fortunately, the weather was good. (幸运的是,天气很好。)
- Fortunately 修饰句子
分类:时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、频度副词、疑问副词
today、 tomorrow、 here、 there
构成:形容词+ly、辅音字母+y结尾、以le结尾、以ll结尾、以ue结尾
slow-slowly
easy-easily
形容词和副词比较级最高级
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则,熟练使用形容词和副词比较级和最高级形式的基本句型和特殊句型
The girl sings better than any other girl in her class.
那个女孩唱得比她班上的其他女孩都要好。
China is one of the largest countries in the world.
中国是世界上最大的国家之一。
【知识点清单一】形容词
【要点精讲】掌握形容词的概念、用法、位置、分类
形容词是用来描述和修饰名词或代词的一类词,说明人或事物的性质、状态、特征或属性。回答“什么样的?”(What kind?)、“多少?”(How many?)、“哪一个?”(Which one?) 等问题。
一、形容词的分类
分类
用法解读
示例
性质形容词
描述事物的性质或特征
big (大的), small (小的), happy (开心的), sad (伤心的), beautiful (美丽的), ugly (丑的), hot (热的), cold (冷的), difficult (困难的), easy (容易的)
数量形容词
描述事物的数量或程度
some (一些), many (许多), much (许多 - 不可数), few (很少 - 可数), little (很少 - 不可数), several (几个), enough (足够的), all (所有的), no (没有)
限定性/指示形容词
特指或指示某个特定的人或物
this (这个), that (那个), these (这些), those (那些)
所有格形容词
表示所属关系
my (我的), your (你的/你们的), his (他的), her (她的), its (它的), our (我们的), their (他们的)
疑问形容词
用于提问,修饰名词
which (哪一个), what (什么), whose (谁的)
Which book do you want? (你想要哪本书?)
Whose pen is this? (这是谁的钢笔?)
序数形容词
表示顺序
first (第一), second (第二), third (第三), last (最后的)
二、形容词的构成
形容词的构成
示例
单词本身具有形容词的性质
small小的、strange 陌生的、big大的
名词加后缀变成形容词
1.名词加y
wind-windy 有风的 cloud-cloudy 多云的 snow-snowy 下雪的
2.名词加ful
use-useful 有用的 help-helpful 有帮助的 wonder-wonderful 美妙的
3.名词加ly
love-lovely 可爱的friend-friendly 友好的 week-weekly 每周的
4.动词/名词加able
suit-suitable 合适的 comfort- comfortable 舒适的
动词现在分词或过去分词充当形容词
interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 excited 兴奋的 exciting 刺激的 surprised 惊讶的 surprising 令人惊讶的 pleasing 令人愉悦的 pleased 高兴的
三、形容词的用法与位置
用法
位置
示例
作定语
放在所修饰的名词前面。 (最常见位置)
She has a beautiful voice. (她有一个美丽的嗓音。) - (beautiful 修饰 voice)
It's a difficult problem. (这是个困难的问题。) - (difficult 修饰 problem)
I need three pencils. (我需要三支铅笔。) - (three 修饰 pencils)
This computer is new. (这台电脑是新的。) - (This 修饰 computer)
My book is on the desk. (我的书在桌子上。) - (My 修饰 book)
作表语
放在系动词后面,描述主语的状态或特征
常见系动词:
be (am, is, are, was, were): He is tall. (他很高。)
seem (似乎), appear (显得): She seems happy today. (她今天似乎很开心。)
look (看起来), sound (听起来), smell (闻起来), taste (尝起来), feel (摸起来/感觉): The soup smells delicious. (这汤闻起来很香。) The music sounds beautiful. (这音乐听起来很美。) I feel tired. (我感觉累了。) 【考试重点!系动词后必须跟形容词!】
become (变得), get (变得), grow (渐渐变得), turn (变得): The leaves turn yellow in autumn. (秋天树叶变黄了。) It's getting dark. (天渐渐变黑了。)
keep (保持), stay (保持): Please keep quiet. (请保持安静。) Stay calm! (保持冷静!)
作宾语补足语
放在宾语后面,补充说明宾语的状态或特征。常用于某些动词后 (如 make, keep, find, think, consider, paint, leave)。
The news made her happy. (这个消息让她很开心。) - (happy 说明宾语 her 的状态)
We found the exam difficult. (我们发现考试很难。) - (difficult 说明宾语 exam 的特征)
They painted the wall blue. (他们把墙漆成了蓝色。) - (blue 说明宾语 wall 的结果状态)
Please keep the room clean. (请保持房间清洁。) - (clean 说明宾语 room 的状态)
后置修饰
(在少数情况下,形容词放在名词后面)
修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词
I have something important to tell you. (我有重要的事情要告诉你。)
Is there anything interesting on TV? (电视上有什么有趣的节目吗?)
There's nothing wrong with the machine. (这台机器没什么毛病。)
某些固定短语
the President elect (当选总统), a court martial (军事法庭), the sum total (总额)
某些形容词本身带补足语(如介词短语)
students interested in computers should join the club. (对电脑感兴趣的学生应该加入这个俱乐部。) - (interested 后接了 in computers)
It's a problem difficult to solve. (这是一个难以解决的问题。) - (difficult 后接了 to solve)
【注意】多个形容词修饰同一名词的顺序
规则
限定词 -> 观点/评价 -> 大小/长短/高低 -> 形状 -> 年龄/新旧 -> 颜色 -> 来源/国籍/地区 -> 材料 -> 用途/类别 -> 名词
口诀助记: 限 (限定词) 观 (观点) 形 (形状/大小) 龄 (年龄) 色 (颜色) 国 (国家) 材 (材料) 用 (用途) 名 (名词)
示例
a (限定词) lovely (观点) small (大小) round (形状) old (年龄) brown (颜色) Chinese (国家) wooden (材料) writing (用途) desk (名词)
(一张可爱的、小的、圆的、旧的、棕色的、中国产的、木制的写字台)
her (限定词) beautiful (观点) long (长短) black (颜色) hair (名词)
(她漂亮的、长长的、黑色的头发)
those (限定词) expensive (观点) big (大小) new (新旧) square (形状) blue (颜色) Italian (国家) leather (材料) sofas (名词)
(那些昂贵的、大的、新的、方形的、蓝色的、意大利的、皮沙发)
the (限定词) first (序数) two (基数) nice (观点) little (大小) Japanese (国家) ceramic (材料) cups (名词)
(前两个漂亮的、小的、日本产的陶瓷杯子)
【即时训练】
1. She bought a ______ wooden jewelry box.
A. Chinese round little red B. little round red Chinese C. red little Chinese round D. Chinese red little round
2.The children were ______ about the ______ magic show.
A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. excited; excited D. exciting; exciting
【知识点清单二】副词
【要点精讲】掌握副词的概念、用法、位置、分类
副词是修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、频率等。回答“如何?”(How?)、“何时?”(When?)、“何地?”(Where?)、“多常?”(How often?)、“到什么程度?”(To what extent?) 等问题。
一、副词的分类
副词的分类
用法解读
示例
方式副词
描述动作发生的方式,通常由形容词加 -ly 构成。回答 “How?”
slowly (慢慢地), quickly (快速地), carefully (小心地), happily (开心地), well (好地), badly (糟糕地), loudly (大声地)
例句:
She sings beautifully. (她唱得很美。)
- beautifully修饰动词 sings
He drives carefully. (他开车很小心。)
- carefully修饰动词 drives
Please speak clearly. (请说清楚点。)
- clearly修饰动词 speak
地点副词
描述动作发生的地点或位置。回答 “Where?”
here (这里), there (那里), everywhere (到处), somewhere (某处), nowhere (无处), upstairs (楼上), downstairs (楼下), abroad (在国外), outside (外面), inside (里面), away (离开)
例句:
Come here! (过来!) - here修饰动词 Come
The children are playing outside. (孩子们正在外面玩。) - outside修饰动词 are playing
I looked everywhere for my keys. (我到处找我的钥匙。) - everywhere修饰动词 looked
时间副词
描述动作发生的时间或频率。回答 “When?” 或 “How often?”
now (现在), then (那时), soon (很快), later (稍后), today (今天), yesterday (昨天), tomorrow (明天), always (总是), usually (通常), often (经常), sometimes (有时), seldom (很少), never (从不), already (已经), yet (还/已经 - 常用于疑问/否定)
例句:
I will call you later. (我稍后给你打电话。) - -later修饰动词 will call
She always arrives on time. (她总是准时到。) - always修饰动词 arrives
Have you finished your homework yet? (你做完作业了吗?)
- yet修饰动词 Have finished
程度副词
修饰形容词、副词或动词,表示程度。回答 “To what extent?”
very (非常), quite (相当), too (太), enough (足够地), almost (几乎), nearly (几乎), hardly (几乎不), scarcely (几乎不), extremely (极其), completely (完全地), absolutely (绝对地), really (真的), so (如此), rather (相当)
例句:
The coffee is very hot. (咖啡非常烫。)
- very修饰形容词 hot
He runs quite fast. (他跑得相当快。)
- quite修饰副词 fast
I really like this movie. (我真的很喜欢这部电影。) - really修饰动词 like
She almost finished the race. (她几乎完成了比赛。) - almost修饰动词 finished
频度副词 (时间副词的一种,常单列)
描述动作发生的频率。回答 “How often?” 常放在实义动词前,be动词/助动词后。
always (总是), usually (通常), often (经常), sometimes (有时), occasionally (偶尔), seldom (很少), rarely (罕有地), hardly ever (几乎从不), never (从不)
例句:
She often goes to the library. (她经常去图书馆。) - 放在实义动词 goes 前
He is always late. (他总是迟到。)
- 放在be动词 is 后
I have never been to Paris. (我从未去过巴黎。) - 放在助动词 have 后
句子副词
修饰整个句子,表达说话者的看法或态度。常放在句首,用逗号隔开。
Fortunately (幸运的是), Unfortunately (不幸的是), Obviously (显然), Clearly (显然), Honestly (老实说), Seriously (严肃地说), Generally (通常), Frankly (坦率地说), Luckily (幸运的是)
例句:
Fortunately, the weather was good.
(幸运的是,天气很好。
Honestly, I don't know the answer.
(老实说,我不知道答案。)
Clearly, there has been a mistake.
(显然,出了差错。)
二、副词的构成
构成
示例
形容词 + -ly: (最常见)
quick -> quickly (快速地), careful -> carefully (小心地),
辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词,把y改为i, 再加ly
happy -> happily (开心地) easy -> easily (容易地)
以le结尾的形容词,把e改为y
terrible -> terribly (可怕地/非常地)
以ll结尾的形容词,直接在后面加y
full->fully(满地)
以ue结尾的形容词,去掉e再加ly
true->truly(真正地)
与形容词同形 (形式不变):
既是形容词也是副词。
需根据句子成分判断词性!
fast (快的/快地), hard (硬的/困难的;努力地), early (早的/早地), late (晚的/晚地), daily (每日的/每日地), weekly (每周的/每周地), monthly (每月的/每月地), yearly (每年的/每年地), high (高的/高地), low (低的/低地), deep (深的/深地), far (远的/远地), near (近的/近地), straight (直的/径直地), long (长的/长久地), enough (足够的/足够地)
例句:
He is a fast runner. (形容词,修饰名词 runner)
/ He runs fast. (副词,修饰动词 runs)
This is a hard question. (形容词,修饰名词 question)
/ He works hard. (副词,修饰动词 works)
We had an early breakfast. (形容词,修饰名词 breakfast)
/ I woke up early. (副词,修饰动词短语 woke up)
The plane flew high. (副词,修饰动词 flew)
/ It's a high mountain. (形容词,修饰名词 mountain)
特殊变化
巧记:“好坏多少”
good (形容词) -> well (副词 - 表示“好地”)
【well 也可作形容词,表示“身体健康的”】
She is a good student. (形容词)
She speaks English well. (副词)
I don't feel well. (形容词 - 身体健康)
bad (形容词) -> badly (副词 - 表示“糟糕地”)
He had a bad cold. (形容词)
He sang badly. (副词)
much (形容词/代词) -> much (副词 - 修饰比较级) / very (副词 - 修饰形容词/副词原级)
Much work needs to be done. (形容词,修饰名词 work)
It's much colder today. (副词,修饰比较级 colder)
She is very beautiful. (副词,修饰形容词 beautiful)
little (形容词/代词) -> little (副词 - 修饰比较级 less/least) / a little (副词 - 表示“一点”)
There is little time left. (形容词,修饰名词 time)
He knows little about it. (代词)
She is a little tired. (副词,修饰形容词 tired)
三、副词的位置
副词修饰形容词/副词:放其前。 (very good, quite well)
频度副词:be动词/助动词后,实义动词前。 (is always, can never, usually go)
方式/地点/时间副词:常放句末 (动词/宾语后)。 (speak slowly, go there, meet tomorrow)
位置分类
解读
例句(含中文)
修饰动词
方式副词: 常放在动词后或宾语后。
She speaks slowly. (她说话慢。)
/ She speaks English slowly. (她英语说得慢。)
地点副词: 常放在动词后或宾语后。
They went outside. (他们出去了。)
/ Put the book here. (把书放这里。)
时间副词: 可放在句首、句中或句末。句末最常见。
Yesterday I saw a movie. (昨天我看了一部电影。) - 句首 (强调时间)
I often go swimming. (我经常去游泳。) - 句中 (实义动词前)
We will meet tomorrow. (我们明天见。) - 句末
频度副词: 放在 be动词/助动词之后,实义动词之前。
He is always busy. (他总是很忙。) - be动词后
She can never remember names. (她从来记不住名字。) - 助动词后
They usually eat dinner at 7. (他们通常7点吃晚饭。) - 实义动词前
程度副词: 修饰动词时,常放在动词前 (除 enough 外)。
I really enjoyed the party. (我真的很享受这个聚会。)
She almost missed the bus. (她差点错过公交车。)
He didn't run fast enough. (他跑得不够快。) - enough 修饰副词 fast 时放在后面。
修饰形容词
放在形容词前面
It's very cold today. (今天非常冷。)
- very 修饰形容词 cold
The movie was really interesting. (这部电影真的很有趣。)
- really 修饰形容词 interesting
The coffee is hot enough. (咖啡够热了。) - enough 修饰形容词 hot 时放在后面。
修饰其他副词
放在被修饰的副词前面
He drives extremely fast. (他开得非常快。)
- extremely 修饰副词 fast
She speaks English quite well. (她英语说得相当好。)
- quite 修饰副词 well
He arrived too late. (他到得太晚了。)
- too 修饰副词 late
修饰整个句子 (句子副词)
通常放在句首,用逗号隔开
Fortunately, no one was hurt. (幸运的是,没人受伤。)
Seriously, you need to study harder. (说真的,你需要更努力学习。)
四、其他常考副词
abroad在国外 almost几乎 alone独自 carefully小心地
especially尤其 exactly确切地 finally最后,终于 instead替代
nearly几乎 once曾经,一次 probably大概 simply仅仅
properly合适地 recently最近 directly直接地 however然而
besides此外,而且 suddenly突然 right 正好,恰好,直接地
【即时训练】
1. She speaks English ______ because she practices ______.
A. well; daily B. good; daily C. well; day D. good; day
2.______, the missing dog was found safe.
A. Luck B. Lucky C. Luckily D. Luckier
【知识点清单三】形容词和副词比较级最高级
【要点精讲】掌握形容词和副词比较级最高级构成和常见句型
形容词和副词比较级常用于人与事物之间的比较一般分为三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。两个人或事物的比较常用比较级,三个或三个以上人或事物的比较常用最高级。
一、形容词和副词比较等级的构成
1.规则变化
类别
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
类别
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少
数双音节词
一般直接加-er,-est
long
tall
hard
longer
taller
harder
longest
tallest
hardest
以字母e 结尾的
词,在词尾加-r,-st
late
large
later
larger
latest
largest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y变成i,再加-er,-est
easy
happy
early
easier
happier
earlier
easiest
happiest
earliest
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写该辅音字母,再加-er,-est
big
hot
bigger
hotter
biggest
hottest
多音节词和部
分双音节词
在词前加more或
most
careful
more
careful
most
careful
beautiful
more
beautiful
most
beautiful
carefully
more
carefully
most
carefully
2.不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
二、形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高等级的主要结构
原级
用法
表示两者在某一方面相同
as+ 形容词/副词原级+as
一样……
I think Science is as important as maths.
表示一方在某方面不如另一方
not as/so + 形容词/副词原级+as
不如…赶不上…
it’s not as /so warm today as yesterday.
表示A是B的几倍
A +倍数+as +形容词原级+as +B
My house is three times as large as hers.
表示程度的副词后+形容词/副词原级
如:too, very, quite, pretty
Tom runs very fast.
比较级用法
表示两者比较
A+ 动词(be动词/实义动词)+形容词/副词比较级+than+B
A比B更…..
My bag is bigger than yours.
表示A和B哪个更…
who/which+动词(be动词/实义动词)+比较级,A or B?
which is bigger? this one or that one?
表示"越来越…"
比较级+and +比较级
more and more+原级(多音节词和部分双音节)
The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
The city is becoming more and more beautiful.
表示"越...,就越…”
the +比较级…,the+比较级…
The more, the better.
表示"倍数”
A+动词(be动词/实义动词)+倍数+比较级+than+B
The building is three times higher than that one.
最高级用法
表示三者及三者以上(人/事物)的比较
the+最高级(+名词)+范围
形容词的最高级前一定要加the
副词的最高级前面 the 可以省去
of/in短语:
一定区域/空间内比较用in
同一类事物范围内比较用of
Alicia is the smallest girl of the three.
艾丽莎是三个女孩中最小的。
Alicia does her homework (the) most carefully in her class.艾丽莎在她班里做作业最认真。
表示"A'B,C哪一个最.”
Which/Who+动词(be动词/实义动词)+the+最高级,A,B or C?
Which city is the biggest. Beijing, Nanjing or Shanghai?
表示"最.之一"
one of + the +最高级+复数名词
Chinese is one of the most popular languages in the world.汉语是世界上最流行的语言之一。
表示"第几最…”
the+序数词+最高级+单数名词
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国的第二长河。
【即时训练】
1. This river is ______ than that one.
A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest
2.Among all students, Lily works ______.
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest
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