备战2026年中考英语易错题分类解析 Lesson 9 非谓语动词

备战2026年中考英语易错题分类解析（全国通用） Lesson 9 非谓语动词 【中考链接】 To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _________ as much as we can. A．speak B．speaking C．spoken D．to speak [答案]C 【解析】 此题考查非谓语动词的用法。语意为：“为学好英语，我们应该尽自己所能找机会听别人说英语。”hear sth. done听到某事被做。本句中，英语被别人说，所以用过去分词表被动用法。故选择C。 【中考考点】 考查非谓语动词的用法。 【易错提醒】 hear后可以用do/doing/done三种形式作宾语补足语。hear sb. do听到动作的全过程；hear sb. doing听到某个动作正在做；hear sth. done听到某事被做。本句中hear的宾语是English，应该是“被说”的，所以排除A、B。D项结构错误，首先应该排除。 【知识要点】 1．动词不定式的否定形式由“not＋ to do”构成。 2．It＋be＋形容词＋for名词/代词＋to do sth。 3．it ＋take ＋sb＋ some time ＋to do sth”，某人花时间干某事。 4．want, agree, decide, mean, plan, ought, refuse, fail, happen, hope, offer, try, manage＋to do 5．enjoy, finish, keep, mind, give up, practise, waste ＋doing 6．ask, invite, allow, tell, want ＋ sb (not) to do 7．不定式在下列感观，使役动词后做宾语补足语时，不带“to”。四看（即四个表示看的动词）：see, watch, notice, observe。三使（即三个致使动词，翻成中文“让”）：make, have, let。两个短语：listen to, look at。一听（即一个表示听的动词）：hear。一感觉（即一个表示感觉的动词）：feel。一可带可不带（在这个动词后，不定式做宾语补足语带或不带“to”都可）：help。 8．几组动词不定式和动名词的辨析： 1）remember/forget doing sth.记得/忘了做过某事 remember/forget to do sth.记得/忘了要去做某事 2）stop doing sth.停止正在做的事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 3）try doing试着做某事 try to do努力做某事 注意：不定式多表示具体的动作，而动词-ing形式多指一般情况，表示泛指。如like, love, prefer；在begin, start后接不定式或动词-ing形式意义无太大差别。 9．“疑问词＋不定式”用法：不定式与疑问词what, who (m), which, where, when, how等连用，作宾语。如： She asked us when she will leave here. = She asked us when to leave here.（她问我们她什么时候将离开这里。） I can't decide which seat I should take. = I can't decide which seat to take.（我不能决定我坐哪一个位置。） 10． 不定式在句中做状语时主要用做目的、原因和结果状语。 1）不定式做结果状语主要用在too…to…和…enough to的结构中，在试题中主要考查这两个结构和so… that…（带结构状语的复合句）的互相转换。如： The problem is so easy that all of us can work it out.（这问题是如此的容易，我们所有人都能解决。） The problem is easy enough for all of us to work out. The problem is so difficult that we can't work it out. The problem is too difficult for us to work out. The problem isn't easy enough for us to work out. 从上面例题中可以看到：如：so…that…从句中是肯定句的，只能用…enough to…结构来改写；如果so…that…从句中是否定句的，既可以用too…to结构改写，又可以用not＋原句中反义的形容词（或副词）＋ enough to这个结构来改写。 2）不定式在句中做目的状语是很常见的，而且还经常看到用in order或so as这些词来修饰不定式短语。在试题中，同学们可以经常碰到用不定式做目的状语和带so that…引导的目的状语从句的互相转 换。如： Mr. Chen got up early so that he could catch the early bus.（陈先生一早起床以致能赶上早车。） Mr. Chen got up early so as/in order to catch the early bus. 3）不定式在句中还可做原因状语，通常跟在形容词的后面。如： Mr. White was sorry to hear the news.（听到这消息，怀特先生 很抱歉。） 11．几个句型、词组 Why not ＋ do Why don't you ＋ do What/how about doing Would you like ＋ to do Would you mind ＋ doing Would you please ＋ do would rather ＋ do had better ＋ do sb used to do sb be used to doing prefer doing to doing 【解题技巧】 掌握非谓语动词时，要重点掌握三种形式的特点。如-ing形式强调动作正在进行或主动，过去分词强调已经完成或被动，动词不定式强调将要发生或具体动作等。还要清晰掌握细节，如能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有 see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。 【习题训练】 一、选择题 1.The day we have been looking forward _________ at last. A.to have come B.to come C.to came D.to be coming 2.Sam ran fast so as _________ late for school. A.not be B.not to C.to be D.not to be 3.She read the instructions to find out how _________ the computer. A. use B.to use C.using D.uses 4._________ this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175gflour. A.Having made B.Make C.To make D.Making 5.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _________ in the kitchen. A. smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked 6.A young man saw it ________ when he was walking _______the gate. A.to happen… over B.happen… pass C.happening… passed D.happen… past 7.The waiter was made _________ to the guest. A.a pologize B.apologizing C.to apologize D.apologized 8.The hotel wasn't particularly good. But I ______ in many worse hotels. A.was staying B.stayed C.would stay D.had stayed 9.She noticed Tom _________ the young trees when she was passing by. A. shook B.shaking C.to shake D.shake 10._________ a good idea to learn more information about the company before you go for an interview. A.That's B.It's C.Such is D.Its 11.She said she really didn't know _________. A.how to do B.when to do C.what to do D.where to do 12.The wind raised the _________ leaves from the ground. A.fall B.fallen C.fell D.to fall 13.I can't send the e-mail. Would you please show me _________it? A.doing B.to do C.what to do D.how to do 14.Mary saw her brother _________ the Children's Restaurant. A.enter B.to enter C.enters D.has entered 15.—Shopping with me? —Sorry. I have a lot of clothes _________. A. to wash B. washed C.wash D.to be washed 16.When you go out, keep the window _________. A.open B.opening C.opened D.to open 17.It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and _________ better ones of your own. A.introduces B.to introduce C.introducing D.introduced 18.The lazy child is made _________ till ten every night. A.study B.to study C.studying D.studies 19.The greedy inn-keeper once made the poor heron _________twice a day. A. dance B.dances C.danced D.to dance 20.I still remember _________ you at the airport that day. A.to meet B.met C.meeting D.meet 21.Some young people are now _________ to buy private cars. A.rather rich B.very rich C.rich enough D.enough rich 22.It's time for sports. Let's _________ bowling, shall we? A.go B.to go C.going D.goes 23.Tom practiced _________ the piano every evening. A.to play B.to playing C.playing D.play 24.He decided _________ go for a trip with his classmates. A.not to B.to not C.don't D.not 25.Don't talk any more. Let's _________. A.go on listening B.go to listen to C.go on listening to D.listen to 26.Our teacher doesn't _________ us _________ school. A.allow… be late for B.let… to be late for C.allow… to be late to D.allow… to be late for 27.“Mr. Zhu, you'd better _________ too much meat. You arealready overweight. ” said the doctor. A.do B.to eat C.not eat D.eat 28.“Don't always make Michael _________ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear, ” Mr. Bush said to his wife. A.do B.to do C. does D. did 29.Yesterday morning I got up early _________ be late for theexam. A.in order to B.in order to not C.so as not to D.so as to 30.—English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it? —Yes. _________ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A.Know B.Knowing C.To know D.Known 31.He sent me an e-mail, _________ to get further information. A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope 32.The teacher often tells Jim and John _________ too much timeplaying video games. A.not to spend B.to not spend C.don't spend D.doesn't spend 33.If the launch in 2005 is successful, China will be the third country_________ its astronauts into space after Russia and the USA. A.send B.sends C.sending D.to send 34.Do you still remember _________ Hainan island with us one winter? A. traveling B. to travel for C. to travel on D. traveling at 35.Our headmaster asked us _________ a report on how to protect will animals. A. write B.writing C.to write D.wrote 36.Internet bars mustn't let people under 18 in or let anybody_________ bad things. A.watch B.to watch C.watching D.watches 37.While we were listening to the teacher, I saw Mingming_________ a picture. A.drew B.is drawing C.drawing D.to draw 38.We'd better _________ off our mobile phones. The meeting will start in a minute. A.to turn B.turning C.turn D.turned 39.The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers _________halfway. A. stop B.to stop C.stopping D.stopped 40.It's very cold outside. You'd better _________ out. Why_________ TV at home? A.not to go… not watching B.not go… not watch C.not to go… not watch D.not go… not watching 41.Edison spent as much time as he could _________ from books. A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learnt 42.No one knows _________, so we can do nothing about it. A.how to do next B.how to do the next C.what to do the next D.what should we do next 43.Was she made _________ the classroom? A.cleans B.clean C.to clean D.to cleaning 44.Our classroom is often made _________. A.cleans B.clean C.to clean D.to cleaning 45.The boys of Class Two were seen _________ football at this time yesterday. A.play B.played C.playing D.to play 46.I hope _________ the game. A.to win B.her to win C.her winning D.she win 47.Please give me a pen _________. A.to write B.write C.writing D.to write with 48.Would you mind _________ the secret for me? A.keep B.save C.keeping D.saving 49._________ going to watch The 2004 China F1 Grand Prix? A.Let's B.Why not C.How about C. Will you 二、填空题 50.I'm thinking of _________ them to spend the summer with me in Italy. (invite) 51.The water was so dirty that we couldn't drink it.（保持原句意思） The water was _________ dirty for us _________ drink. 52. Can you tell me when I should water the flowers?（改为简单句） Can you tell me _________ _________ water the flowers? 53.Laura spent one week finishing reading the book Harry Potter. （保持句意基本不变） It _______ Laura one week _______ finish reading the book Harry Potter. 54.Comics are exciting to read.（保持原句意思） It is _________ _________ read comics. 55. I don't know when we shall leave for Nanjing.（保持原句意思） I don't know when _________ _________ for Nanjing. 56.The poor child was so lucky that she received many books from Hope Project.（改为简单句） The poor child was _________ _________ to receive many books from Project Hope. 习题训练答案和解析 一、选择题 1． [答案]C [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。这是很简单的一句话，意思是“我们期待的这天终于到了。”但仅仅读懂这一意思还不够，还必须要理清句子的句法结构，找出定语从句，那么题意就显得非常明显。故选C。 2． [答案]D [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。so as to do是固定用法，所以用C和D。be late for school是固定用法。根据句意，故选D。 3． [答案]B [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。题意为“她阅读说明书，以便弄懂怎样使用电脑。”how to use做find out的宾语。故选B。 4． [答案]C [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。不定式作目的状语。故选C。 5． [答案]B [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为“如果厨师被发现在厨房里吸烟，将被开除。”难点：fire意为“开除，解雇”。fire和cook 放在一起，很容易联想为“火”，这样思路就会受阻。作为考生要十分注意，自己的思路不要被考题引向死胡同。要点：find sb. doing sth．和find sb. do sth．的区别。find sb. doing sth．侧重表达看到“正在发生的动作”，看到“动作的片断”；find sb. do sth．侧重表达，看到“已经发生了的动作”。根据题意，故选B。 6． [答案]D [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。see sb. do, see sb. doing; walk past为固定搭配。故选D。 7． [答案]C [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。make sb. do为固定搭配。但make为被动语态，要be made to do形式。故选C。 8． [答案]D [解析]考查时态。前一个分句是过去时态，后一个分句说明的是“然而，已经住过很多条件不好的旅馆了。”故选D。 9． [答案]B [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。notice sb. do, notice sb. doing为固定搭配。根据句意，故选B。 10．[答案]B [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。学生会根据常见的习惯用语：That's a good idea！错误选A。但本题中动词不定式短语to learn…是真正的主语，形式主语应该用it，而不能用that。故选B。 11．[答案]C [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。what to do为固定用法，故选C。 12．[答案]B [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。fallen leaves意为“落叶”。故选B。 13．[答案]D [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。英语中有些动词或动词短语，如know, wonder, show, learn, find out等可接“连接代/副词＋不定式”做宾语，据此排除A和B，而what可以当作及物动词的宾语，排除C。故选D。 14．[答案]A [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。see sb. do, see sb. doing为固定用法。根据句意，故选A。 15．[答案]A [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。英语中，作定语的不定式要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。故选A。 16．[答案]A [解析]本题考的是词组。keep the window open是固定用法，故选A。 17．[答案]C [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。introducing和considering是并列的，用在worth的后面，表示“值得做”。故选C。 18．[答案]B [解析]本题考的是词组。is made to do为固定用法，故选B。 19．[答案]A [解析]不定式在感观、使役动词后做宾语补足语，不带to。make sb. do为固定用法。故选A。 20．[答案]C [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。remember to do意为“记得去做某事”，remember doing意为“记得做过某事”。根据题意，故选 C。 21．[答案]C [解析]此题考查enough的用法。enough放在名词前，enough放在adj.，adv．后。故选C。 22．[答案]A [解析]不定式在感观、使役动词后做宾语补足语，不带to。let sb. do为固定用法。故选A。 23．[答案]C [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。practice doing为固定用法。故选C。 24．[答案]A [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。decide to do, decide not to do为固定用法，故选A。 25．[答案]A [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。go on doing为固定用法，故选A。 26．[答案]D [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。allow sb. to do sth.，be late for school为固定用法，故选D。 27．[答案]C [解析]不定式的否定形式，分别在句中做宾语补足语、状语。had better do, had better not do为固定用法。故选C。 28．[答案]A [解析]不定式在感观、使役动词后做宾语补足语，不带to。make sb. do为固定用法。故选A。 29．[答案]C [解析]不定式的否定形式，分别在句中做宾语补足语、状语。so as not to do为固定用法。故选C。 30．[答案]A [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。读第二句可见其后半句是and 连接的句子：and you will find it easier to read and communicate，故其前面也应该是句子。当然，此题也可以从句型结构方面去切入：Study hard and you will pass the exam．故选A。 31．[答案]B [解析]此题考的是非谓语动词作状语的用法。因为是伴随状语，只能用分词，hope对于本句的主语而言是主动的，故选B。 32．[答案]A [解析]不定式状语在句子中作宾语补足语、状语。tell sb. to do sth., tell sb. not to do sth．为固定用法。故选A。 33．[答案]D [解析]不定式在句中做定语。故选D。 34．[答案]D [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。remember to do指记得去做某事，remember doing指记得做过某事。at Hainan island为固定用法，故选D。 35．[答案]C [解析]ask sb. to do…为固定用法，故选C。 36． [答案]A [解析]不定式在感观、使役动词后做宾语补足语，不带to。let sb. do为固定用法。故选A。 37．[答案]C [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。see sb. do, see sb. doing为固定用法。根据句意，故选C。 38．[答案]C [解析]不定式在感观、使役动词后做宾语补足语，不带to。had better do为固定用法。故选C。 39．[答案]A [解析]不定式在感观、使役动词后做宾语补足语，不带to。make sb. do为固定用法。故选A。 40．[答案]B [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。had better do; why not do为固定用法。故选B。 41．[答案]C [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。spend doing为固定用法。故选C。 42．[答案]B [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。how to do the next为固定用法。故选B。 43．[答案]C [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。Sb. be made to do为固定用法。故选C。 44．[答案]B [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。sth. be made＋adj.为固定用法。故选B。 45．[答案]C [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。be seen to do； be seen doing为固定用法。看到at this time yesterday，故选C。 46．[答案]A [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。hope sb. to do sth．是错。只有hope to do sth．为固定用法。故选A。 47．[答案]D [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。give sb. a pen to write with为固定用法。故选D。 48．[答案]C [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。mind后面要跟动名词。mind doing； keep the secret为固定用法。故选C。 49．[答案]C [解析]此题考查非谓语动词的用法。how about doing为固定用法。故选C。 二、填空题 50．[答案]inviting [解析]of为介词，介词要跟动名词。 51．[答案]too…to [解析]本题so… that后是否定句，又是原来的形容词，只能用 too…to改写。 52．[答案]when to [解析]本题主从句一致，可改写成用wh-引导词加不定式做宾语的形式。 53．[答案]took…to [解析]本题考查的是sb. spend some time (in) doing sth．和It takes sb. some time to do sth.，即不定式的复合形式的互换，特别要注意原题干中spent是过去式，所以第一个空应添took。 54．[答案]exciting…to [解析]原题干中的不定式做真正主语，改写后的it做形式主语。 55．[答案]to leave [解析]本题主从句一致，可改写成用wh-引导词加不定式做宾语的形式。 56．[答案]lucky enough [解析]题干中的从句是一个肯定句，而非否定句，所以应用“enough… to…”的句型来改写。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$