内容正文:
2025年人教版八年级英语
现在完成时
一、概念:
现在完成时:表示过去发生的动作,对现在造成的影响或结果:表示在过去已经开始,并持续到现在的动作或状态
2、 基本结构:
助动词have/has+过去分词(done)
注意:现在完成时态的构成分为两部分(have done):
(此时have/has为助动词,没有实际意思)
一是助动词have/has(由主语决定),
二是实义动词的过去分词(done)。
3、 基本句型
肯定句
主语+have/has+过去分词
I have finished the task.
否定句
主语+haven't\hasn’t+过去分词
She hasn't finished her work yet.
疑问句
Have /Has +主语+过去分词...?
Has Lucy finished the task?
简单回答
Yes, sb have/has.
No, sb haven’t/hasn’t.
Yes, she has.
No, she hasn’t.
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+have/ has 主语done?
What has he done?
四、用法
(1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态
Eg.
1. 过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
⏺️ I've already had my lunch。【表示我已经吃过午餐,并且现在不饿】
2. 发生在过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。
⏺️ I've lived here for 10 years.
= I've lived here since 10 years ago.【表示我10年前就住在这里,并且现在也住这里】
五、过去分词变化形式
①一般动词,在词尾直接加“-ed”:start →started
②以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”:create→created
③过去分词以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加“-ed”:reply→replied
④重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“-ed”stopped
⑤不规则变化:take→took→taken(注意过去式与过去分词的区别)
6、 时间标志词
1. 现在完成时可以和already(通常用于陈述句), yet(通常用于否定句和疑问句), just(用于陈述句), ever(用于疑问句), never(用于否定句), before, twice, three times等连用。
2.表示从过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时(肯定句和疑问句中动词必须用延续性动词),时间状语有:during/in the past(last) few years , for +时间段,
since…ago, since+过去时间点, since+过去式句子,by now, up to now, recently, in recent years…
7、 易混淆知识点
①have/has been to,have/ has gone to,have/has been in
have been to
曾经去过(现已回来)
可接次数
have gone to
到某地去了(尚未回来;说话时当事人不在场)
通常不用第一人称
have been in/at
在某地呆了多长时间
常接时间段
②already,yet
already
已经
用于肯定句
yet
已经
用于否定句、疑问句中
③since、for
since和for是现在完成时当中常见的标志词。since“自从……”,for“持续了……”。since用来说明动作的开始时间,for用来说明动作延续的时间长度。(与持续性动词连用)
since
① since加过去一个具体的时间点(具体的年/月/日,或钟点)
② since+时间段+ago
③ since+一般过去时的从句
④ 固定句式:It is/ It has been+时间段+since+一般过去时的从句
for
for+时间段
since+时间段+ago=for+时间段
用how long 对since和for引导的时间状语进行提问:
牛刀小试:
一、用already, yet 填空
1.Jack has _________finished his homework .
2.“Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
二、用since和for填空
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
二、用have/has been to,have/ has gone to,have/has been in填空
1.Mr. Green ________ London, but he will come back in two days.
2.I________ never _________there before.
3.My parents _____ Shandong for ten years.
④持续性动词与短暂性动词
短暂性动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成,没有延续下去。通常瞬间动词表示的是一次性动作或者动作的相应结果。不能和since/for连用。
延续性动词又称为【持续性动词】,这类动词表示可以持续的动作,或者状态。动作可以延续一段时间,所以这些动词就可以和since与for连用。
短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,需要进行转化。
转化原则:
① 短暂性动词→延续性动词:
buy 买→have 有
borrow 借→keep 保留
② 短暂性动词→be+名词:
join 参加→ be a member of 成为…的成员
③ 短暂性动词→be+形容词:
die 死亡→be dead 死了
finish 结束→be over 结束
begin 开始→be on 在上映/已开始
④ 短暂性动词→be+介词短语:
go to school去上学→be in school在上学
join the army参军→be in the army在军队中
附表
非延续性动词
延续性动词
buy
have
borrow
keep
come/go
be here
leave
be away (from)
open/close
be open/be closed
begin/start
be on
end/finish
be over
die
be dead
catch a cold
have a cold
become interested in
be interested in
get married
be married
put on
wear
get up
be up
wake up
be awake
fall asleep
be asleep
join
be in = be a member of
leave
be away from
get to/arrive in(at) /reach
be
八、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
1. 强调的意义、时间不同:
现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,对现在有影响。
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,跟现在没影响。
2.时间状语不同:
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
九、上阵杀敌,练题。
1、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already B.never C.ever D. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______?
A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .
A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
6、—Paul has finished his homework, hasn't he? —Yes. He ________ it two hours ago.
A.finished B.finishes C.has finished D.will finish
7、Miss Brown, we ______cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now?
A. finish B. fishing C. are finished D. have finished
8、---You have a nice watch. ---Thank you. I ____it since I got married.
A. had B. bought C. have had D. bought
9、Mr. Green ________ London, but he will come back in two days.
A.has been to B.has gone to C.goes to D.leaves
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished
C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish
12、The old man has______ the changes in China_________.
A. saw; him B. see; himself C. seen; himself D. seen; him
13、_____ you_______ your homework yet? ------Yes, I ______ it already.
A. Did do; finished B. Have done; finished C. have done; have finished D. will do;finish
14、_____ you_____ your homework yet? ----- Yes, I____ it a moment ago.
A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished
C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish
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