Unit2 Home Sweet Home Grammar语法讲练 2025-2026学年人教版（2024）八年级英语上册

Unit 2 Home Sweet Home Grammar I --Can/Could for polite requests and permission 一、提出礼貌的请求 "Can"和"Could"都可用于礼貌请求，但"could"更正式、更礼貌；could表示委婉地请求，其句型结构主要有： 1. Can / Could you+动词原形+..? "请你做……好吗?· 2. Can / Could you please+动词原形+..? "请你做……好吗? ； 否定结构：Can / Could you (please) not do..? 肯定回答：Yes,sure./ Sure./ Of course. / No problem. 否定回答：Sorry. /Sorry,I can't. Can you help me with this? 你能帮我这个吗？ Can you pass me the salt?" 能把盐递给我吗？ —Could you please close the window?—I'm afraid not. 请你关上窗户好吗?恐怕不行. Could you please send me the report? 您能把报告发给我吗？ 【知识拓展】 Would you (please ) （not） do sth ? Would you mind doing sth? = Do you mind doing sth? 也可表示请求做某事。 肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / I'd love to. 否定回答：Sorry. /Sorry, I can't. / I’d love to, but. —Would you mind cleaning your room? 你介意去打扫你的房间吗? —No.I'd like to. 不，我很乐意。 二、表示请求许可 1. could表示请求允许，其句型结构为： Can / Could I / we +动词原形+...? 请问我(们)能做……吗? Can I borrow your pen? 我能借你的笔吗？ Can I leave early today? 我今天能早点走吗？ Could I ask you a personal question?我能问您一个私人问题吗？ Could I use your phone for a moment?我可以用一下您的手机吗？ 肯定回答：Sure./Of course./No problem. 否定回答：I'm sorry./Sorry,you can't. 若关系比较亲近，也可以直接说No,you can't.但听起来较生硬 【温馨提示】 1. 在以上句子结构中情态动词could不是can的过去式，而是用来表示委婉语气的，后跟动词原形。Could I come in? 我可以进来吗? 2.用Could I..?时，表示请求对方准许，对方回答时不能用could,而要用can. ---Could I use your bicycle?---Yes, you can. ---我可以用你的自行车吗?---是的，可以. 3. 对于这种请求的肯定和否定回答的常用语 肯定回答： Certainly./ Of course./With pleasure./No problem./Sure./Yes,youcan. 否定回答：I'm afraid not./No,I'm afraid I can't./No,you can't. 三、could与can的区别 could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式. 二者都可用于表示请求，但是用法稍有不同： 1.can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的场合。 Can you tell us your story,Tony? 你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗，托尼? 2. could表示有礼貌地请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈、下级对上级的场合。 —Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia?—Sure. 请告诉我们，澳大利亚冬天下雪吗?当然可以. Can/Could for polite requests and permission提出礼貌的请求和许可 过关练习题 一.单项选择 ( )1.—Shall we take a car?—No,we_________.It's only five minutes' walk. A.can't B.mustn't C.needn't D.couldn't ( )2.All passengers________go through safety check before they take a plane. A.can B.may C.must D.could ( )3.—Hi.Jack!Could you come to our English party? —Sorry,I____________.I have to look after my little sister at home. A.must B.could C.can't D.has to ( )4.—__________you please play tennis with me?—Sorry,I__________. A.Could;can't B.Could;couldn't C.Can;don't D.Can;couldn't ( )5.Could you_________the window?I feel a little cold. A.please not open B.please not to open C.not please to close D.please not to close 二、从方框中选择合适的词(组),并用其适当形式填空。 can may must have to Could you move the chair to the living room? 1.You_________go.You can stay here if you want. 2.一__________I finish the book today?一No,you needn't. 3.I was busy last week.I_work every evening. 4.Look at the sign “No Photos!”.You__________take photos here. 5.Mike is good at sports.He______________play basketball,football and baseball. 6.I'm not sure if Linda will come.She________ __be here later. 7.You__________make your room untidy.It's one of the family rules. 二、用could,can,can’t,must与have to填空。 1.—______ you lend me some money?—Sure.How much do you need? 2.—_______you please clean the living room?—Sorry,I______.I_______water the flowers now. 3.My brother______play the piano very well when he was 7 years old. 4.—______I go out for dinner?—No,you____ ____do your homework. 5.—What about seeing a new film this evening?—I’m afraid I______.I______finish my maths exercises this evening. 三.用情态动词can/could,can't,may,must,mustn't,needn't填空. 1. ---_________ you come and play with us now? ---I'm afraid I________ . I_____________do the reading. I________come later. 2.---__________we clean the windows today? ---No,you___________.You_________clean them tomorrow. 3. ---___________I watch TV this evening,mum? ---No,you___________. Work____come first. 4. ---___________I come in,please?---Yes,please. 5. Excuse me. ____________ you tell me the way to the cinema? 四、从右栏中找出左栏句子的同义句。 1.We can leave school early. 2.We must leave school early. 3.We mustn't leave school early. 4.We had to leave school early. 5.We don't need to leave school early. A.We must stay until the end. B.We couldn't stay until the end. C.We can't stay until the end. D.We can stay until the end. E.We don't have to stay until the end. 五、按要求完成句子，每空一词(含缩略词)。 1.Tom can do lots of skateboarding tricks.(改为一般疑问句) ________ ________ _________lots of skateboarding tricks? 2.I have to get up early on school days.(改为第三人称单数形式) He_______ ________ get up early on school days. 3.—Must Jim arrive at school before eight o'clock in the morning,Ms Wang? (补全答语)—No,he_____________. 4.Lily has to ask her teacher for help.(改为一般疑问句) ________ ________ ________ ________ ask her teacher for help? 5.Don't use your mobile phone in the classroom.(改为同义句) You________turn off your mobile phone in the classroom. You_________use your mobile phone in the classroom. 6.I may go to the supermarket with my mum.(改为否定句) I ____________go to the supermarket with my mum. 7.Could you let me use your computer?(改为同义句) ________ ________ use your computer? 8.----Can I hang out with my friends tomorrow?(作否定回答) ----_________ , you can't. We have to visit your grandparents tomorrow. 9.Put the new clock on the wall,please.(用could改写句子) ___________ ___________please put the new clock on the wall? 10.I have to sweep the floor for my grandparents' arrival.(对画线部分提问) __________you have to_________for your grandparents' arrival? 过关练习题答案及解析 一、单项选择 1. 答案：C解析：问句提议 “坐汽车吗？”，答句表示 “不必，步行只需五分钟”。needn't 表示 “不必”，符合语境；can't（不能）、mustn't（禁止）、couldn't（过去不能）均不符合。 2. 答案：C解析：乘客登机前 “必须” 过安检，这是规定。must 表示 “必须”，符合语境；can（能）、may（可能）、could（过去能）均不符合。 3. 答案：C解析：问句用 “Could you...?” 礼貌请求，答句表示 “抱歉，我不能”，用 can't 回答现在的能力或可能性；must（必须）、could（过去能）、has to（不得不）均不符合。 4. 答案：A解析：第一空用 “Could you please...?” 表示礼貌请求；第二空回答现在的不能，用 can't。B 选项中 “couldn't” 用于过去，C、D 的助动词或情态动词搭配错误。 5. 答案：A解析：“Could you please not do sth.?” 是固定句型，表示 “请你不要做某事好吗？”。根据后句 “我有点冷”，可知是请求 “不要开窗”，故选 A。 二、从方框中选择合适的词 (组) 填空 1. 答案：needn't解析：后句说 “你想留下可以留下”，因此前句表示 “你不必走”，needn't 意为 “不必”。 2. 答案：Must解析：答句用 “needn't” 回答，问句通常用 Must 提问（Must...? 的否定回答用 No, you needn't.）。 3. 答案：had to解析：前句说 “上周很忙”，因此 “每天晚上不得不工作”，过去时用 had to（have to 的过去式）。 4.答案：mustn't解析：标志 “禁止拍照”，表示 “不允许拍照”，mustn't 意为 “禁止”。 5.答案：can解析：迈克擅长运动，因此 “他会打篮球、足球和棒球”，can 表示 “能力”。 6.答案：may解析：“不确定琳达是否会来”，因此 “她可能晚点到”，may 表示 “可能性”。 7.答案：mustn't解析：“房间不整洁是家规之一”，因此 “你禁止让房间不整洁”，mustn't 表示 “禁止”。 三、用 could, can, can’t, must 与 have to 填空 1. 答案：Could/Can；can解析：请求借钱用 “Could/Can you...?”；肯定回答用 “Sure”，用 can 表示同意。 2. 答案：Could；can’t；have to解析：礼貌请求 “打扫客厅” 用 “Could you please...?”；拒绝用 “can’t”；“现在不得不浇花” 用 have to。 3. 答案：could解析：“7 岁时弹钢琴很好”，过去的能力用 could（can 的过去式）。 4. 答案：May/Can；have to解析：请求 “出去吃饭” 用 “May/Can I...?”；否定回答表示 “必须做作业”，用 have to。 5. 答案：can’t；have to解析：“恐怕不行” 用 can’t；“今晚不得不完成数学练习” 用 have to。 四、用情态动词填空 1. 答案：Can/Could；can’t；have to/must；may/can 解析：请求 “现在来玩吗” 用 “Can/Could you...?”；拒绝用 “can’t”；“必须做阅读” 用 have to/must；“可能晚点来” 用 may/can。 2. 答案：Must；needn’t；can/may 解析：问句 “必须今天擦窗户吗” 用 Must；否定回答用 needn’t；“可以明天擦” 用 can/may。 3. 答案：May/Can；mustn’t；must 解析：请求 “今晚看电视吗” 用 May/Can；否定回答 “不行” 用 mustn’t；“工作必须优先” 用 must。 4. 答案：May/Can/Could 解析：请求 “进来” 用 “May/Can/Could I come in?”，均为礼貌表达。 5. 答案：Can/Could 解析：问路用 “Can/Could you tell me...?”，表示礼貌请求。 五、同义句匹配 1. E （We can leave early = We don’t have to stay until the end.） 1. C （We must leave early = We can’t stay until the end.） 1. A （We mustn’t leave early = We must stay until the end.） 1. B （We had to leave early = We couldn’t stay until the end.） 1. D （We don’t need to leave early = We can stay until the end.） 六、按要求完成句子 1. 答案：Can Tom do解析：情态动词 can 提前，其余不变。 2. 答案：has to 解析：第三人称单数用 has to。 3. 答案：needn’t/don’t have to 解析：Must...? 的否定回答用 No, ... needn’t/don’t have to. 4. 答案：Does Lily have to 解析：have to 变一般疑问句需借助助动词 does，has 还原为 have。 5. 答案：must；mustn’t 解析：“禁止用手机”=“必须关掉手机” 或 “不准用手机”。 6. 答案：may not 解析：may 的否定直接加 not。 7. 答案：Could I 解析：“Could you let me...?” 同义于 “Could I...?”。 8. 答案：Sorry 解析：否定回答常用 “Sorry, you can’t.” 9. 答案：Could you 解析：用 could 改写祈使句，变为 “Could you please...?”。 10. 答案：What do；do 解析：对动作提问用 What，借助助动词 do，动词用原形 do。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$