Unit 4 History and Traditions 重点单词详解 讲义-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

必修二 Unit 4 单词词组详解 1. philosophy n. 哲学 philosophical (adj. 哲学的), philosopher (n. 哲学家) philosophy of life 人生哲学 / moral philosophy 道德哲学 例句： Her philosophy of life is to stay positive no matter what happens.（她的人生哲学是无论发生什么都要保持积极。） Confucius’s philosophy has influenced China for over two thousand years.（孔子的哲学思想影响了中国两千多年。） 2. descendant n. 后代；后裔 descend (v. 遗传；下降), descent (n. 血统；下降) a direct descendant 直系后代 / descendants of the royal family 王室后裔 例句： The family’s descendants still live in the same village.（这个家族的后代仍住在同一个村子里。） He claims to be a descendant of the famous poet Li Bai.（他自称是著名诗人李白的后代。） 3. individual n. 个人 adj. 个别的；个人的 individuality (n. 个性), individually (adv. 单独地) individual needs 个人需求 / individual rights 个人权利 例句： Each individual has the right to express his or her own opinion.（每个人都有表达自己意见的权利。） The teacher gave individual feedback to every student.（老师给每位学生提供了个别反馈。） 4. kingdom n. 王国；领域 king (n. 国王), kingdom wide (adj. 全国范围的) the United Kingdom 联合王国 / animal kingdom 动物界 例句： The story is set in a magical kingdom far away.（故事发生在遥远的魔法王国。） In the animal kingdom, survival is the top priority.（在动物王国里，生存是首要任务。） 5. chief adj. 主要的；首席的 n. 首领；领袖 chiefly (adv. 主要地) chief executive 首席执行官 / chief reason 主要原因 例句： The chief reason for the delay was the bad weather.（延误的主要原因是恶劣天气。） The village chief welcomed the visitors warmly.（村长热情地欢迎了来访者。） 6. puzzle n. 谜；难题 vt. 使困惑 puzzled (adj. 困惑的), puzzling (adj. 令人困惑的) 例句： The disappearance of the plane remains a puzzle to this day.（飞机失踪至今仍然是个谜。） The teacher was puzzled by the student’s strange behavior.（老师对学生奇怪的行为感到困惑。） 7. belong vi. 属于；归属 belonging (n. 归属感), belongings (n. 财物) belong to 属于 / sense of belonging 归属感 例句： This book belongs to the library, so please return it on time.（这本书属于图书馆，请按时归还。） A strong sense of belonging helps students adapt to college life.（强烈的归属感有助于学生适应大学生活。） 8. currency n. 货币；通货 current (adj. 当前的) foreign currency 外币 / digital currency 数字货币 例句： You can exchange your currency at the airport.（你可以在机场兑换货币。） Bitcoin is a type of digital currency that has become very popular.（比特币是一种变得非常流行的数字货币。） 9. military adj. 军事的 n. 军队；军方 militarize (v. 军事化), militarily (adv. 在军事上) military training 军事训练 / military base 军事基地 例句： Every young man in that country must receive military training.（那个国家的每个年轻人都要接受军事训练。） The military has sent troops to help with disaster relief.（军方已派遣部队协助救灾。） 10. defence n. 防御；辩护；（英）国防部 defense (AmE), defensive (adj. 防御的) national defence 国防 / in defence of 为……辩护 例句：The soldiers are ready to fight in defence of their country.（士兵们准备好为保卫国家而战。） He gave a passionate speech in defence of free speech.（他发表了充满激情的演讲为言论自由辩护。） 11. legal adj. 法律的；合法的 legally (adv. 合法地), legality (n. 合法性) legal advice 法律咨询 / legal age 法定年龄 例句： You should seek legal advice before signing the contract.（签署合同前应寻求法律咨询。） In most countries, eighteen is the legal age for voting.（在大多数国家，十八岁是法定投票年龄。） 12. surround vt. 围绕；包围 surrounding (adj. 周围的), surroundings (n. 环境) be surrounded by 被……包围 / surrounding areas 周边地区 例句：The small town is surrounded by beautiful mountains.（小镇被美丽的群山环绕。） Try to create a quiet surrounding when you study.（学习时尽量营造安静的环境。） 13. evidence n. 证据；迹象 evident (adj. 明显的), evidently (adv. 明显地) 例句: There is no evidence that the drug is harmful.（没有证据表明这种药有害。） The fingerprints on the door provided key evidence for the case.（门上的指纹为案件提供了关键证据。） 14. achievement n. 成就；完成 achieve (v. 实现), achievable (adj. 可达到的) academic achievement 学术成就 / a sense of achievement 成就感 例句： Winning the championship was a great achievement for the team.（赢得冠军对该队来说是巨大的成就。） Finishing the marathon gave her a strong sense of achievement.（完成马拉松给了她强烈的成就感。） 15. location n. 地点；位置 locate (v. 位于), located (adj. 位于……的) 例句：The exact location of the treasure is still unknown.（宝藏的确切位置仍不为人知。） The movie was shot on location in New Zealand.（这部电影是在新西兰实景拍摄的。） 16. conquer vt. 征服；战胜；克服 conquest (n. 征服), conqueror (n. 征服者) 例句： It took her years to conquer her fear of public speaking.（她花了多年时间才克服对公开演讲的恐惧。） The Romans once conquered much of Europe.（罗马人曾征服了大半个欧洲。） 17. battle n. 战役；战斗 vi. 斗争 battlefield (n. 战场), battle hardened (adj. 久经沙场的) win/lose a battle 赢得/输掉一场战斗 / battle against 与……抗争 例句： The soldiers fought bravely in the battle.（士兵们在战斗中勇敢作战。） She is battling against a serious illness.（她正在与重病作斗争。） 18. charge n. 收费；指控；主管 vt. 收费；指控；冲锋 in charge of 负责 / free of charge 免费 / press charges 提出指控 例句： The museum is open to the public free of charge on Sundays.（博物馆周日免费向公众开放。） He was charged with theft and taken to court.（他被指控盗窃并被带上法庭。） 选择性必修二 Unit3 拓展重点单词（续） 19. announce vt. 宣布；宣告 announcement (n. 通告), announcer (n. 播音员) make an announcement 发布通告 例句： The principal will announce the exam results tomorrow morning.（校长将于明早公布考试成绩。） They announced their engagement to the whole family.（他们向全家人宣布了订婚的消息。） 20. amount n. 数量；总额 vi. 总计；等于 amount to 总计；相当于 / large amount of 大量的 例句： A large amount of money was raised for the charity.（为慈善机构筹集了大量资金。） His monthly expenses amount to about 3,000 yuan.（他每月的花费总计约三千元。） 21. gallery n. 画廊；走廊；楼座 art gallery 美术馆 / press gallery 记者席 例句： The new art gallery downtown is free to visit on weekends.（市中心的新美术馆周末免费开放。） From the gallery, we had a perfect view of the stage.（从楼座望去，舞台一览无余。） 22. approach n. & v. 接近；方法；途径 approach to …的方法 / at the approach of 在……临近时 例句： We need a new approach to solve this problem.（我们需要一种新方法来解决这个问题。） As the approach of winter, the days become shorter.（随着冬天的临近，白天变短了。） 23. ensure vt. 确保；保证 ensure (that)… 确保…… / ensure safety 保证安全 例句： Please ensure that all doors are locked before leaving.（离开前请确保所有门都已锁好。） Wearing a helmet can ensure your safety while cycling.（骑车时戴头盔能保障安全。） 24. generous adj. 慷慨的；丰盛的；宽厚的 generosity (n. 慷慨), generously (adv. 慷慨地) generous offer 慷慨的提议 / generous portions 大份量 例句： He made a generous donation to the orphanage.（他向孤儿院慷慨捐款。） The restaurant serves generous portions of pasta.（这家餐厅的意面分量很足。） 25. position n. 位置；职位；立场 vt. 安置 in a position to do sth. 有能力做某事 / hold a position 任职 例句： She is now in a position to help others.（她现在有能力帮助别人了。） He holds the position of sales manager in the company.（他在公司担任销售经理一职。） 26. eager adj. 渴望的；热切的 eagerness (n. 渴望), eagerly (adv. 热切地) be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 / eager for 渴望得到 例句： The children were eager to open their presents.（孩子们迫不及待地要打开礼物。） She is eager for success in her new career.（她渴望在新事业中取得成功。） 27. feast n. 盛宴；节日 v. 尽情享用 feast on 尽情吃 / wedding feast 婚宴 例句： We feasted on delicious seafood by the beach.（我们在海边尽情享用美味的海鲜。） The wedding feast lasted until midnight.（婚宴持续到午夜。） 28. roll v. 滚动；卷起 n. 卷；名单 roll up 卷起 / on a roll 连连成功 / roll call 点名 例句： He rolled up the map and put it back in the tube.（他把地图卷起来放回筒里。） The teacher did a quick roll call before class.（老师在课前快速点了名。） 29. greet vt. 问候；迎接；对……作出反应 greeting (n. 问候), greeting card 贺卡 greet sb. with a smile 微笑迎接某人 例句：The host greeted every guest at the door.（主人在门口迎接每一位客人。） She greeted us with a warm hug.（她用一个热情的拥抱迎接我们。） 30. custom n. 风俗；习惯；（复）海关 customary (adj. 习惯的), customer (n. 顾客) local custom 当地风俗 / follow the custom 遵循习俗 例句：It is a local custom to throw coins into the fountain for luck.（往喷泉里投硬币以求好运是当地的风俗。） You have to declare these items at customs.（你必须在海关申报这些物品。） 31. sensory adj. 感官的；感觉的 sense (n. 感觉), sensation (n. 知觉) sensory experience 感官体验 / sensory organs 感觉器官 例句： The museum offers a rich sensory experience with lights and sounds.（博物馆通过灯光与声音提供丰富的感官体验。） Snakes use their tongues as sensory organs to detect prey.（蛇用舌头作为感觉器官来探测猎物。） 32. striking adj. 显著的；引人注目的 strike (v. 打击), strikingly (adv. 显著地) striking resemblance 惊人的相似 / striking colors 醒目的颜色 例句：There is a striking resemblance between the two brothers.（兄弟俩长得惊人地相似。） The painting’s striking colors caught everyone’s attention.（画作醒目的色彩吸引了所有人的注意。） 33. transition n. & v. 过渡；转变 transition from…to… 从……过渡到…… / smooth transition 平稳过渡 例句：The company is in transition from traditional to digital sales.（公司正从传统销售向数字化销售过渡。） Graduates often face a difficult transition to working life.（毕业生常常面临向职场生活的艰难转变。） 34. crowd n. 人群；大众 v. 拥挤 crowded (adj. 拥挤的), overcrowded (adj. 过度拥挤的) a crowd of people 一群人 / crowd into 挤进 例句：A large crowd gathered to watch the fireworks.（一大群人聚集在一起观看烟花。） We crowded into the small elevator, laughing and talking.（我们挤进狭小的电梯，有说有笑。） 35. join to 把某物连接到另一物；或加入某人/某团体一起做某事。 例句： We joined the two wires to the battery to complete the circuit. 我们把两根电线连接到电池上以完成电路。 She joined the campaign to raise awareness about climate change. 她加入了这项活动，以提高人们对气候变化的意识。 36. break away 突然逃脱；脱离组织、团体或原有状态。 例句：The prisoner broke away from his guards during the transfer. 囚犯在押送过程中突然挣脱了看守。 Several regions wanted to break away and form an independent country. 几个地区想脱离原国家，建立一个独立的国家。 37. as well as 除……之外还；以及。 例句：She speaks French as well as Spanish fluently. 她法语说得流利，西班牙语也一样。 The project requires creativity as well as technical skills. 这个项目既需要创造力，也需要技术能力。 38. keep your eyes open 保持警觉，密切留意某事。 例句：Keep your eyes open for any suspicious activity. 请密切注意任何可疑活动。 I always keep my eyes open for good deals when shopping online. 网购时，我总是留心寻找优惠。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$