Unit 4 Inventions 人与社会：发明与创造（话题阅读精练）英语沪教版2024八年级上册

Unit 4 Inventions人与社会：发明与创造 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 完形填空 说明文 251 主要介绍了武汉的文创产品“蒜鸟”玩偶，来自于武汉方言“算了”，它不仅是文创产品，也是武汉方言文化的载体。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 320 介绍了人工智能DeepSeek-R1的出现与发展。 真题示例 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 350 主要介绍了“天眸芯”这项发明。 Passage B 阅读还原 说明文 280 主要介绍了造纸术的发展。 模拟演练 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 260 介绍了一个名为Daisy的聊天机器人，它由英国电话公司设计，专门用于与电话诈骗者周旋，浪费他们的时间，从而保护老年人免受诈骗。 Passage B 阅读理解 新闻报道 259 新闻报道，主要讲述了2025年央视春晚的特别节目《秧BOT》，该节目融合传统秧歌与现代机器人技术，同时介绍了表演机器人的相关情况及节目的意义。 Passage C 阅读理解 说明文 210 主要介绍了中国载人航天工程办公室发布的新月球宇航服“望月”的特点和设计理念。 Passage D 阅读理解 记叙文 318 主要讲述了蒙恬改进毛笔的经过以及毛笔在中国文化中的重要性。 Passage E 阅读还原 说明文 154 介绍了微波炉的发明过程和使用情况。 时文阅读 时文阅读 Passage A(武汉的文创产品“蒜鸟”玩偶) The “Garlic Bird” has recently become a cultural and creative hit in Wuhan. This cute doll in the shape of a little yellow 1 with a green garlic (蒜) on its head, has won the hearts of many people. The name “Garlic Bird” comes from the Wuhan local language for “ 2 ”. In daily life, when people have a fight, others often use “Suan Niao, Suan Niao” to make them to calm down. As a result, it is 3 the “Wuhan Peace Bird” by netizens (网民). The “Garlic Bird” not only has a(n) 4 appearance but also a lovely voice. Pressing it gently, you can 5 “Suan Niao, Suan Niao” in Wuhan dialect. This interesting homophone has developed the imagination of netizens. On social media platforms, the Garlic Bird topic’s short videos have totally 6 210 million views on Tik Tok alone. Since the Spring Festival, 7 80,000 “Garlic Birds” have been sold, and they have often sold out. During the cherry blossom season (樱花季) in Wuhan, a new kind of “Garlic Bird” 8 . With a cherry-blossom-pink hairpin, it not only says “Suan Niao, Suan Niao” but also adds the phrase “Dou Bu Yong Yi”, which means it’s not easy for everyone. The “Garlic Bird” is more than just a cultural and creative 9 , it is also a carrier of Wuhan’s special dialect culture. And it brings people 10 to the city’s beauty. The word “homophone” means a word that is pronounced like another word but has a different spelling or meaning. 1．A．cat B．bird C．dog D．tiger 2．A．catch it B．make it C．forget it D．get it 3．A．named B．written C．asked D．bought 4．A．cute B．strange C．common D．ugly 5．A．speak B．tell C．listen D．hear 6．A．left B．reached C．lost D．depended 7．A．sadly B．hardly C．nearly D．slowly 8．A．comes out B．takes off C．looks after D．turns on 9．A．project B．product C．program D．problem 10．A．further B．worse C．lower D．closer 长难句解析① ①原句：（第4 段第 3 句）With a cherry-blossom-pink hairpin, it not only says “Suan Niao, Suan Niao” but also adds the phrase “Dou Bu Yong Yi”, which means it’s not easy for everyone. 译文：这款带着樱花粉发夹的 “蒜鸟”，不仅会说 “蒜鸟，蒜鸟”，还增加了 “都不容易” 的短语，意思是每个人都不容易。 分析：With a cherry-blossom-pink hairpin（介词短语，表 “伴随状态”）作状语，主句为“it not only says “Suan Niao, Suan Niao” but also adds the phrase “Dou Bu Yong Yi” 主句主语：it 主句谓语：not only says... but also adds（并列谓语） 主句宾语：“Suan Niao, Suan Niao”；the phrase “Dou Bu Yong Yi”) which means it’s not easy for everyone是定语从句（修饰先行词 “Dou Bu Yong Yi”，which 在从句中作主语） 译文 “蒜鸟” 最近成了武汉的文创爆款。这个呈小黄鸟形状、头上顶着一颗绿色蒜头的可爱玩偶，赢得了许多人的心。 “蒜鸟” 这个名字来源于武汉方言中的 “算了”。在日常生活中，当人们发生争执时，其他人常会用 “蒜鸟，蒜鸟” 来让他们冷静下来。因此，它被网友们称为 “武汉和平鸟”。 “蒜鸟” 不仅外表可爱，声音也很动听。轻轻按压它，你会听到武汉方言的 “蒜鸟，蒜鸟”。这个有趣的谐音激发了网友们的想象力。在社交媒体平台上，仅抖音上的 “蒜鸟” 话题短视频总播放量就达到了 2.1 亿次。 自春节以来，“蒜鸟” 已售出近 8 万只，且经常售罄。武汉樱花季期间，一款新款 “蒜鸟” 问世了。它带着樱花粉发夹，不仅会说 “蒜鸟，蒜鸟”，还增加了 “都不容易” 的短语，意思是每个人都不容易。 “蒜鸟” 不仅仅是一款文创产品，它还是武汉独特方言文化的载体。它让人们更贴近这座城市的美。 “homophone” 指发音与另一个词相同但拼写或意思不同的词。 Passage B(人工智能DeepSeek-R1) For more than a month, the world has been excited about a new AI model, DeepSeek-R1. It was developed by DeepSeek, a Chinese business based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. The new AI came out on Jan. 20. In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and became the top free application in Apple’s App Store, reported Xinhua. Its developer said that DeepSeek-R1 is as good at difficult tasks as other big models but needs less computing power. It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to develop. That is the way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions that US businesses have had to spend in building similar AI models. DeepSeek-R1’s success largely came from its special training method. Traditionally, AI is trained in two ways. One is Chain-of-Thought (CoT, 思维链), where AI learns to break problems into smaller, simpler steps. The other is Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT, 监督微调), which works by showing AI lots of practice problems along with the right answers for it to find a pattern. DeepSeek-R1, however, used Reinforcement Learning (RL,强化学习) as the main method, Xinhua reported. In RL, AI learns by trying different things. It gets rewards for correct actions and gets punished for mistakes. For example, in a game, it gets points for picking up litter and ▲ . Over time, it works out the best solution all by itself. This is how DeepSeek-R1 has grown to be a reasoning model, which is a new type of AI, noted Microsoft engineer Vinayak Hegde. Common AI models, like GPT-40, usually just give direct answers. But reasoning models are trained to both think and show the process. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．Deepseek-R1. B．OpenAI. C．Chat GPT. D．Chain-of-Thought. 2．What are the reasons for DeepSeek-R1’s success? ① its low cost    ② its big models   ③ its simple pattern   ④ its special method A．①③ B．③④ C．②③ D．①④ 3．Which of the following can be put in ▲ . A．collects much information B．solves the problem itself C．loses ones for breaking a glass D．uses the main method again 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How Deepseek-R1 Developed B．A New AI Model Excited the World C．The Rising Technology of China D．The Popularity of Deepseek-R1 长难句解析① ①原句：（第 3 段第 1 句）Its developer said that DeepSeek-R1 is as good at difficult tasks as other big models but needs less computing power. 译文：其开发者表示，DeepSeek-R1 在处理复杂任务方面与其他大型模型不相上下，但所需的计算能力更少。 分析：这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，整体结构为主句 + 宾语从句，具体成分如下： 主句： 主语：Its developer（它的开发者，形容词性物主代词 Its 修饰名词 developer） 谓语：said（说，动词过去式） 宾语从句：（由 that 引导，作 said 的宾语） 主语：DeepSeek-R1（人工智能模型名称，专有名词） 谓语部分：由两个并列结构组成，用 but 连接表示转折，第一个谓语是is，第二个谓语是needs。 长难句解析① ①原句：（第 6段第 1句）This is how DeepSeek-R1 has grown to be a reasoning model, which is a new type of AI, noted Microsoft engineer Vinayak Hegde. 译文：微软工程师维奈克・赫格德指出，这就是 DeepSeek-R1 成长为推理模型的过程，而推理模型是一种新型人工智能。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。 主句：noted Microsoft engineer Vinayak Hegde（倒装句，正常语序为 “Microsoft engineer Vinayak Hegde noted”） 宾语从句：This is how DeepSeek-R1 has grown to be a reasoning model作noted的宾语。 定语从句：which is a new type of AI（修饰先行词 “reasoning model”，which 在从句中作主语） 译文 一个多月来，全球都对一款新的人工智能模型 DeepSeek-R1 感到兴奋。它由总部位于浙江省杭州市的中国企业深度求索（DeepSeek）研发。 这款新的人工智能于 1 月 20 日推出。据新华社报道，仅一周时间，它就击败了 OpenAI 的 ChatGPT，成为苹果应用商店中排名第一的免费应用。 其开发者表示，DeepSeek-R1 在处理复杂任务方面与其他大型模型不相上下，但所需的计算能力更少。它也是同类产品中成本最低的，研发仅花费约 557 万美元（约合 4058 万元人民币）。这远低于美国企业研发同类人工智能模型所需的数亿甚至数十亿美元。 DeepSeek-R1 的成功很大程度上源于其独特的训练方法。传统上，人工智能的训练方式有两种。一种是 “思维链”（CoT），在这种方式中，人工智能学习将问题分解为更小、更简单的步骤。另一种是 “监督微调”（SFT），其原理是向人工智能展示大量练习题及正确答案，让它从中找到规律。 然而，据新华社报道，DeepSeek-R1 主要采用 “强化学习”（RL）的方法。在强化学习中，人工智能通过尝试不同的行为来学习：正确的行为会得到奖励，错误的行为则会受到惩罚。例如，在游戏中，它会因捡起垃圾而得分，因打碎玻璃而失分。久而久之，它能自行找到最佳解决方案。 微软工程师维奈克・赫格德指出，这就是 DeepSeek-R1 成长为推理模型的过程，而推理模型是一种新型人工智能。像 GPT-40 这样的普通人工智能模型通常只给出直接答案，而推理模型则经过训练，既能思考又能展示思考过程。 实战演练 真题示例 Passage A （2025·山东临沂·中考真题） Nowadays, there are many great inventions around us. They make our lives better in amazing ways. One of them is called “Tianmouc”—the world’s first smart chip (芯片) that works like our eyes and brains. A team from Tsinghua University made it! Tianmouc gets an idea by how our human eyes and brains work together. First, our eyes see things around us. Then, our brains understand them. Tianmouc does something similar! It uses special sensors (传感器) to break down what it sees into tiny parts. Then, Tianmouc puts them together in two ways. One is by seeing colors and details clearly as if we read a book. The other is by reacting (回应) to sudden changes quickly, just like we catch a ball. Tianmouc is really powerful. It can do things that traditional chips can’t. For example, it’s able to collect what it sees at a very high speed of 10,000 frames (帧) per second. In some ways, it sees things more exactly than our eyes. The chip can work well in different light conditions—no matter how bright or dark the light is. All of these are achieved with very little power or energy. Tianmouc has a big influence on our daily life. For self-driving cars, they need to “see” the road clearly and react quickly to any danger. Tianmouc can notice sudden changes quickly, like a child running across the road or a car suddenly cutting in. For the cameras, they will react faster by catching any unusual movement in the future. Inventions like Tianmouc show how creative the humans can be! They are making our lives more convenient and safer. Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next? 1．What do we know about “Tianmouc”? A．It’s a new type of cameras that can react faster. B．It’s a special sensor for self-driving cars to see and react quickly. C．It’s the world’s first smart chip working like human eyes and brains. 2．From Paragraph 2, we know ______. A．how Tianmouc works B．how Tianmouc helps us C．what makes Tianmouc special 3．What does the writer mean by asking “Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next?”? A．The writer doubts if there will be new inventions. B．The writer believes more amazing inventions will appear. C．The writer thinks inventions will mainly make cars faster. 4．Where is the passage probably from? A．A travel ad. B．A health guide. C．A science magazine. 长难句解析① ①原句：（第 1段第 2 句）One of them is called “Tianmouc”—the world’s first smart chip (芯片) that works like our eyes and brains. 译文：其中一项发明名为 “天目”—— 它是世界上首个像我们的眼睛和大脑一样工作的智能芯片。 分析：主句：One of them is called “Tianmouc”（主系表结构，被动语态，主语为 One of them，表语为 “Tianmouc”）。 同位语：the world’s first smart chip（解释说明 “Tianmouc” 的身份）。 定语从句：that works like our eyes and brains（修饰先行词 chip，关系代词 that 在从句中作主语）。 译文 如今，我们身边有许多伟大的发明。它们以惊人的方式让我们的生活变得更美好。其中一款名为 “天眸芯”—— 它是世界上首款能像人类的眼睛和大脑一样工作的智能芯片，由清华大学的一个团队研发而成！ 天眸芯的设计灵感来源于人类眼睛和大脑的协同工作原理。首先，我们的眼睛观察周围的事物，然后大脑对其进行理解。天眸芯的工作方式与之相似：它利用特殊传感器将所 “见” 分解为微小的部分，之后通过两种方式将这些部分整合。一种是像我们读书时那样，清晰地识别颜色和细节；另一种是像我们接球时那样，对突发变化做出快速反应。 天眸芯的性能十分强大，能完成传统芯片无法做到的事情。例如，它能够以每秒 10,000 帧的超高速度收集所 “见” 的信息。在某些方面，它的 “视觉” 比人类的眼睛更精准。这款芯片在不同的光线条件下都能正常工作 —— 无论光线明暗。而实现这一切仅需极少的能量。 天眸芯对我们的日常生活产生了重大影响。对于自动驾驶汽车而言，它们需要清晰地 “观察” 道路，并对任何危险做出快速反应。天眸芯能迅速察觉突发状况，比如一个孩子跑过马路或一辆汽车突然加塞。未来，配备天眸芯的摄像头将能更快地捕捉到任何异常动静。 像天眸芯这样的发明展现了人类的创造力！它们正让我们的生活更加便捷和安全。谁知道接下来我们还会见证哪些惊人的发明呢？ 核心短语归纳 make our lives better 让我们的生活更美好 work like 像…… 一样工作 come up with an idea 想出一个主意 break down...into... 把…… 分解成…… in two ways 以两种方式 for example 例如 at a speed of 以…… 的速度 in different conditions 在不同的条件下 no matter 无论 have a big influence on 对…… 有很大影响 self-driving cars 自动驾驶汽车 react to 对…… 作出反应 cut in 插入；插嘴（文中指车辆突然变道） catch movement 捕捉移动 Passage B （2024·山东泰安·中考真题）Papermaking technology (造纸术) is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. 1 Thousands of years ago in the Mediterranean (地中海), it was common for people to write messages on broken pieces from jars (坛，罐). 2 In the Eastern Han Dynasty, an official named Cai Lun created a sheet of paper using mulberry (桑树) and other fibers (纤维) along with fishing net, old clothes, and other wastes. He steamed and cooked al these materials with water, and changed them into pulp (纸浆), then poured the pulp out carefully on a fine screen and dried it into a kind of thin paper. The paper was suitable for writing and was also very cheap, so it became very popular. 3 After the Eastern Han Dynasty, papermaking technology had been gradually improved. And then bamboo and straw could also be used as the materials for making paper. 4 For example, the Xuan paper is used for Chinese calligraphy and painting. Papermaking technology was introduced to the Korean peninsula and Japan in the late Sui and early Tang dynasties, and later to Arabia and other countries. 5 It also plays an important role in the development of global civilization. A．Therefore, Cai Lun played a great part in papermaking technology. B．Before it was invented, people wrote on different kinds of things. C．Because of different materials, many kinds of paper were produced for different uses. D．Animal skins and wood were also common materials to write on. E．The invention of paper provides a more convenient way for communication of information. 长难句解析① ①原句：（第 3段第 1 句）In the Eastern Han Dynasty, an official named Cai Lun created a sheet of paper using mulberry (桑树) and other fibers (纤维) along with fishing net, old clothes, and other wastes. 译文：东汉时期，一位名叫蔡伦的官员用桑树等纤维，加上渔网、旧衣服和其他废料，造出了一张纸。 分析：状语：In the Eastern Han Dynasty（介词短语，表时间）。 主语：an official（名词短语）。 定语：named Cai Lun（过去分词短语，修饰 official）。 谓语：created（动词过去式）。 宾语：a sheet of paper（名词短语）。 方式状语：using mulberry... and other wastes（现在分词短语，说明 “造纸的材料”）。 译文 造纸术是中国古代四大发明之一。在它被发明之前，人们在各种各样的东西上写过东西。数千年前的地中海地区，人们常在陶罐碎片上书写信息。兽皮和木头也是常见的书写材料。 东汉时期，一位名叫蔡伦的官员用桑树等纤维，加上渔网、旧衣服和其他废料，造出了一张纸。他将这些材料加水蒸煮，制成纸浆，然后将纸浆小心地倒在细密的筛子上，晾干后就成了一种薄纸。这种纸适合书写，而且价格低廉，因此广受欢迎。因此，蔡伦在造纸技术中发挥了重要作用。 东汉以后，造纸技术逐渐得到改进。随后，竹子和稻草也能作为造纸原料。由于材料不同，生产出了多种不同用途的纸张。例如，宣纸用于中国的书法和绘画。 隋末唐初，造纸术传入朝鲜半岛和日本，后来又传入阿拉伯等国。纸张的发明为信息交流提供了一种更便捷的方式，同时在全球文明的发展中也发挥了重要作用。 核心短语归纳 four great inventions 四大发明 change...into... 把…… 变成…… be suitable for 适合…… be used for 用于…… be introduced to 被传入…… play an important role in 在…… 中起重要作用 along with 连同；和…… 一起 for example 例如 thousands of 成千上万的 Passage A（24-25八年级上·辽宁沈阳·期末） Daisy acts like a grandma—she loves cooking and says she’s poor at phones and computers. When strangers call, she jokes “I’m your worst nightmare(噩梦)!” But this isn’t true for regular people. She only uses this trick to scare phone scammers(骗子). Here’s the secret: Daisy isn’t human. She’s a chat-robot designed by a UK phone company to waste scammers’ time and protect real grandmas from their tricks. In July 2024, a UK study found that around 67% of people over 75 were scammed at least once in the six months before the study. Nearly 75% of these scams happened over the phone. Meet Daisy, who has been trained to have conversations with phone scammers and waste their time. The company teamed up with Jim Browning, who has spent years acting like a clueless victim(一无所知的受害者)to waste scammers’ time. ▲ “Whenever she’s on the phone with a scammer, your parents, your grandparents, your relatives, are not being cheated,” Browning said. The company says, “Daisy is already wasting hundreds and hundreds of hours of scammers’ time, and has shared real-life conversations the chat-robot has had with them.” Some conversations last nearly an hour. She talks about her cat, Fluffy, and people in her family. In some conversations, she even gives the scammers what they want—bank details. But of course, they’re not real. “Daisy is also there to remind you of something important. The person you’re speaking to on the phone might not always be who he says he is” the company adds. 1．What is the purpose of Daisy saying “I’m your worst nightmare”? A．To scare all the strangers who call. B．To show her dislike for technology. C．To deal with phone scammers on purpose. D．To hide the fact that she isn’t good at using mobile phones. 2．What can we infer from the UK study mentioned in the text? A．Most phone scams aim at young people. B．Scammers prefer to use text messages instead of calls. C．Elderly people are more likely to be tricked by phone scams. D．Only 33% of people over 75 were scammed in the past six months. 3．Which sentence can be put in the “________” in the third paragraph? A．Daisy can stop scammers quickly and save many people. B．Daisy can’t stop scammers, but she can slow them down. C．Daisy uses her experience to draw scammers’ attention. D．The company plans to make Daisy work on computers, too. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．The Smart Grandma Who Fights Scams B．How to Protect Your Grandma from Scams C．The Dangerous World of Phone Scammers D．A New Way to Make Friends on the Phone Passage B（24-25八年级下·山东泰安·期中） On January 28, 2025, a special performance called YangBOT amazed audiences (观众) at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala (春晚), China’s most-watched TV show. Directed by the Chinese famous filmmaker Zhang Yimou, the performance connected traditional Chinese yangko dance with modern robot technology. In the performance, humanoid robots (robots shaped like humans) dressed in colorful costumes danced yangko, a joyful folk dance which is from northern China and often seen during festivals. How amazing! These robots rapidly become a hot search topic on social media (媒体). Everyone wonders where they are from and how they can dance like real men, or even better? These robots were developed by Unitree, a Chinese robotics company. Unitree’s robots are very well-known. Obviously (显然), the robots in YangBOT performance were not Unitree’s first success. In 2021, their robot cows named “Ben Ben” danced with singer Liu Dehua. The robots in YangBOT performance learned dance moves through AI and used laser navigation (激光导航) to move safely on the stage (舞台). Their strong joints (关节) (like knees with 360 N·m power) helped them balance perfectly during fast steps. Thanks to these innovations (创新), the robots won the hearts of millions. Zhang Yimou explained, “This dance isn’t just fun. It shows how technology brings new life to traditions.” Young viewers called it “cool”, while older audiences loved its humor and festive spirit. The YangBOT program is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress and cultural pride. As one fan said, “It’s like watching the future and past dance together!” 1．What was special about YangBOT at the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala? A．It was directed by a foreign filmmaker. B．It was the first time robots appeared on the stage. C．It mixed yangko dance with robot technology. D．Only human dancers performed yangko. 2．How did the robots learn the dance moves? A．Through AI. B．By watching human dancers. C．With the help of Zhang Yimou. D．Under the guide of a supercomputer. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Unitree has never had any success before. B．Zhang Yimou thought the dance was only for fun. C．The robots in the performance were all dressed in dark costumes. D．The strong joints of the robots helped them balance perfectly during fast steps. 4．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．A travel guide. C．A newspaper. D．An advertisement. Passage C （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期中）China’s Manned Space Agency (CMSA) has named its new spacesuit for future moon missions “Wangyue”, meaning “Looking into the Universe”. The name reflects Chinese culture and the spirit of space exploration. The spacesuit was first shown to the public on September 28th, 2024. It is designed for China’s plan to send astronauts to the moon by 2030. The suit uses advanced technology to keep astronauts safe and comfortable. ①Spacesuit material It can be very cold or very hot. There is also a lot of dust. To protect the astronauts, scientists made the spacesuit with a special material. ②Control panel (控制台) There is a control panel on the front of the spacesuit. It can do many things and is very easy to use. ④Visor (头盔面窗) The helmet has a special visor. It can stop the bright sunlight from hurting the astronauts’ eyes. It also helps them see everything around them clearly. ③Cameras There are cameras on both sides of the helmet. They can take videos of things close up and far away. ⑤Joints (关节) The joints of the spacesuit can bend easily. Astronauts can move their arms and legs easily in space. 1．What does the name “Wangyue” mean? A．Flying to the moon. B．Exploring the universe. C．Protecting astronauts. D．Studying the future. 2．Why is the special material used in the spacesuit important? A．It makes the spacesuit look more beautiful. B．It keeps astronauts safe in bad conditions. C．It helps the spacesuit last much longer. D．It makes the spacesuit cheaper to make. 3．What is the function of the visor on the helmet? A．It helps astronauts take better pictures. B．It protects eyes and makes our sight clear. C．It makes communication with Earth easier. D．It reduces the weight of the helmet. 4．Which part of the spacesuit helps astronauts move freely? A．The control panel. B．The cameras. C．The joints. D．The visor. 5．What can we infer from the passage about China’s space exploration? A．China will send astronauts to Mars by 2030. B．China copies others’ advanced spacesuit designs. C．China cares more about spacesuits than spacecraft. D．China is preparing for long-term space missions. Passage D The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented (发明) thousands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk. It is said that Meng Tian, a general (将军) of the Kingdom of Qin, improved (改进) the pen. When Meng was leading an army to fight against the Kingdom of Chu, he had to write reports to his king in time. But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it. One day after hunting, Meng made his way home with some wild rabbits on the horse back. Fat and heavy, one rabbit’s tail left a long trail (痕迹) on the ground when it moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it, “If I tie the rabbit’s hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with?” On arriving home, he tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too smooth to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so disappointed (失望的) that he threw away his “invention” into a stone hole in the yard. However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened to find his “invention” fatter in a stone hole. He picked it up with hope. The brush worked beautifully on silk. It turned out that the special water had cleaned the oil from the hair. Meng succeeded (成功) at last. Thanks to Meng, the brush pen is playing a key role in Chinese culture. Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colourful and helps them better understand Chinese culture. 1．Why did Meng Tian want to improve the pen? A．Because the king asked him to do so. B．Because he wanted to be an inventor. C．Because the pen brought him much trouble. D．Because he didn’t have silk to write on. 2．Which is the RIGHT order of improving the brush pen? a. The brush pen could write well. b. Meng tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick. c. The special water washed the oil away. d. Meng dropped the stick into a stone hole. e. Meng came up with a new idea on the way home after hunting. A．e-b-d-c-a B．d-b-a-c-e C．e-b-d-a-c D．d-b-c-a-e 3．How can the students understand Chinese culture better according to the passage? A．By learning to use brush pens. B．By inventing new things. C．By making pens with animals’ hair. D．By planting more bamboo. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Learn from animals. B．Value wonderful memories. C．Think twice before taking action. D．Keep trying and never give up. Passage E （24-25八年级上·广东广州·期中）阅读短文及文后A—E选项，选出可以填入后面各题空白处的最佳选项。 This week, we are going to learn about great inventions in the world. 1 The inventions were trying to make something completely different. Here is one story. In 1945, at the end of the Second World War, Percy LeBaron Spencer, an American scientist, was working on a machine to produce powerful radio waves. 2 The machine was able to cook things! Percy called it a microwave. 3 However, the first microwave weighed around 350 kilograms and was as big as a fridge! 4 Now millions of homes have microwaves. 5 . So we can say that the microwave has changed the way we live. A．And many people can’t imagine living without one. B．When he was standing next to the new machine, a bar of chocolate in his pocket became soft. C．Many inventions were created by accident. D．In time, microwaves became smaller. E．And soon many homes began to use it. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Inventions人与社会：发明与创造 话题阅读精练 版块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage A 完形填空 说明文 251 主要介绍了武汉的文创产品“蒜鸟”玩偶，来自于武汉方言“算了”，它不仅是文创产品，也是武汉方言文化的载体。 Passage B 阅读理解 说明文 320 介绍了人工智能DeepSeek-R1的出现与发展。 真题示例 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 350 主要介绍了“天眸芯”这项发明。 Passage B 阅读还原 说明文 280 主要介绍了造纸术的发展。 模拟演练 Passage A 阅读理解 说明文 260 介绍了一个名为Daisy的聊天机器人，它由英国电话公司设计，专门用于与电话诈骗者周旋，浪费他们的时间，从而保护老年人免受诈骗。 Passage B 阅读理解 新闻报道 259 新闻报道，主要讲述了2025年央视春晚的特别节目《秧BOT》，该节目融合传统秧歌与现代机器人技术，同时介绍了表演机器人的相关情况及节目的意义。 Passage C 阅读理解 说明文 210 主要介绍了中国载人航天工程办公室发布的新月球宇航服“望月”的特点和设计理念。 Passage D 阅读理解 记叙文 318 主要讲述了蒙恬改进毛笔的经过以及毛笔在中国文化中的重要性。 Passage E 阅读还原 说明文 154 介绍了微波炉的发明过程和使用情况。 时文阅读 时文阅读 Passage A(武汉的文创产品“蒜鸟”玩偶) The “Garlic Bird” has recently become a cultural and creative hit in Wuhan. This cute doll in the shape of a little yellow 1 with a green garlic (蒜) on its head, has won the hearts of many people. The name “Garlic Bird” comes from the Wuhan local language for “ 2 ”. In daily life, when people have a fight, others often use “Suan Niao, Suan Niao” to make them to calm down. As a result, it is 3 the “Wuhan Peace Bird” by netizens (网民). The “Garlic Bird” not only has a(n) 4 appearance but also a lovely voice. Pressing it gently, you can 5 “Suan Niao, Suan Niao” in Wuhan dialect. This interesting homophone has developed the imagination of netizens. On social media platforms, the Garlic Bird topic’s short videos have totally 6 210 million views on Tik Tok alone. Since the Spring Festival, 7 80,000 “Garlic Birds” have been sold, and they have often sold out. During the cherry blossom season (樱花季) in Wuhan, a new kind of “Garlic Bird” 8 . With a cherry-blossom-pink hairpin, it not only says “Suan Niao, Suan Niao” but also adds the phrase “Dou Bu Yong Yi”, which means it’s not easy for everyone. The “Garlic Bird” is more than just a cultural and creative 9 , it is also a carrier of Wuhan’s special dialect culture. And it brings people 10 to the city’s beauty. The word “homophone” means a word that is pronounced like another word but has a different spelling or meaning. 1．A．cat B．bird C．dog D．tiger 2．A．catch it B．make it C．forget it D．get it 3．A．named B．written C．asked D．bought 4．A．cute B．strange C．common D．ugly 5．A．speak B．tell C．listen D．hear 6．A．left B．reached C．lost D．depended 7．A．sadly B．hardly C．nearly D．slowly 8．A．comes out B．takes off C．looks after D．turns on 9．A．project B．product C．program D．problem 10．A．further B．worse C．lower D．closer 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了武汉的文创产品“蒜鸟”玩偶，来自于武汉方言“算了”，它不仅是文创产品，也是武汉方言文化的载体。 1．句意：这个可爱的小黄鸟形状的玩偶，头上还带着一个绿蒜头，赢得了许多人的喜爱。 cat猫；bird鸟；dog狗；tiger老虎。根据“The ‘Garlic Bird’ has recently become a cultural and creative hit in Wuhan”可知，这是小鸟形状的。故选B。 2．句意：在武汉方言中，“Garlic Bird”的意思是“算了”。 catch it抓住；make it做到；forget it算了；get it明白。根据“In daily life, when people have a fight, others often use “Suan Niao, Suan Niao” to make them to calm down. ”可知，人们吵架时，用“Suan Niao, Suan Niao”来劝他们冷静，因此是“算了”。故选C。 3．句意：因此，它被网友们称为“武汉和平鸟”。 named被命名为；written被写；asked被问；bought被买。根据““Wuhan Peace Bird” by netizens”可知，此处表示“被称为”。故选A。 4．句意：“蒜鸟”不仅有可爱的外表，还有可爱的声音。 cute可爱的；strange奇怪的；common普通的；ugly丑陋的。根据前文“cute doll”和“not only has a(n) … appearance but also a lovely voice”可知，此处与“lovely voice”并列，说明是可爱的外表。故选A。 5．句意：轻轻按压它，你可以听到武汉方言的“蒜鸟”。 speak说话；tell告诉；listen听；hear听到。此处表示“听到声音”，用hear。故选D。 6．句意：在社交媒体平台上，蒜鸟话题的短视频在抖音上的观看量就达到了2.1亿次。 left离开；reached达到；lost丢失；depended依赖。“reached + 数字”表示“达到”。故选B。 7．句意：春节以来，已售出近8万只“蒜鸟”，并且它们经常售罄。 sadly悲伤地；hardly几乎不；nearly接近；slowly缓慢地。“nearly + 数字”表示“将近”。故选C。 8．句意：武汉樱花季期间，新款“蒜鸟”问世了。 comes out推出，发布；takes off起飞；looks after照顾；turns on打开。根据“a new kind of ‘Garlic Bird’”可知，此处描述新产品发布，用“comes out”。故选A。 9．句意：“蒜鸟”不仅是文创产品，也是武汉方言文化的载体。 project项目；product产品；program节目；problem问题。根据常识，“蒜鸟”玩偶是一种“文化创意产品”，用“product”。故选B。 10．句意：它让人们更接近这座城市的美好。 further更远；worse更糟；lower更低；closer更近。“bring sb. closer to …”是固定搭配，表示“拉近距离”。故选D。 长难句解析① ①原句：（第4 段第 3 句）With a cherry-blossom-pink hairpin, it not only says “Suan Niao, Suan Niao” but also adds the phrase “Dou Bu Yong Yi”, which means it’s not easy for everyone. 译文：这款带着樱花粉发夹的 “蒜鸟”，不仅会说 “蒜鸟，蒜鸟”，还增加了 “都不容易” 的短语，意思是每个人都不容易。 分析：With a cherry-blossom-pink hairpin（介词短语，表 “伴随状态”）作状语，主句为“it not only says “Suan Niao, Suan Niao” but also adds the phrase “Dou Bu Yong Yi” 主句主语：it 主句谓语：not only says... but also adds（并列谓语） 主句宾语：“Suan Niao, Suan Niao”；the phrase “Dou Bu Yong Yi”) which means it’s not easy for everyone是定语从句（修饰先行词 “Dou Bu Yong Yi”，which 在从句中作主语） 译文 “蒜鸟” 最近成了武汉的文创爆款。这个呈小黄鸟形状、头上顶着一颗绿色蒜头的可爱玩偶，赢得了许多人的心。 “蒜鸟” 这个名字来源于武汉方言中的 “算了”。在日常生活中，当人们发生争执时，其他人常会用 “蒜鸟，蒜鸟” 来让他们冷静下来。因此，它被网友们称为 “武汉和平鸟”。 “蒜鸟” 不仅外表可爱，声音也很动听。轻轻按压它，你会听到武汉方言的 “蒜鸟，蒜鸟”。这个有趣的谐音激发了网友们的想象力。在社交媒体平台上，仅抖音上的 “蒜鸟” 话题短视频总播放量就达到了 2.1 亿次。 自春节以来，“蒜鸟” 已售出近 8 万只，且经常售罄。武汉樱花季期间，一款新款 “蒜鸟” 问世了。它带着樱花粉发夹，不仅会说 “蒜鸟，蒜鸟”，还增加了 “都不容易” 的短语，意思是每个人都不容易。 “蒜鸟” 不仅仅是一款文创产品，它还是武汉独特方言文化的载体。它让人们更贴近这座城市的美。 “homophone” 指发音与另一个词相同但拼写或意思不同的词。 Passage B(人工智能DeepSeek-R1) For more than a month, the world has been excited about a new AI model, DeepSeek-R1. It was developed by DeepSeek, a Chinese business based in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. The new AI came out on Jan. 20. In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT and became the top free application in Apple’s App Store, reported Xinhua. Its developer said that DeepSeek-R1 is as good at difficult tasks as other big models but needs less computing power. It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to develop. That is the way less than the hundreds of millions or even billions that US businesses have had to spend in building similar AI models. DeepSeek-R1’s success largely came from its special training method. Traditionally, AI is trained in two ways. One is Chain-of-Thought (CoT, 思维链), where AI learns to break problems into smaller, simpler steps. The other is Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT, 监督微调), which works by showing AI lots of practice problems along with the right answers for it to find a pattern. DeepSeek-R1, however, used Reinforcement Learning (RL,强化学习) as the main method, Xinhua reported. In RL, AI learns by trying different things. It gets rewards for correct actions and gets punished for mistakes. For example, in a game, it gets points for picking up litter and ▲ . Over time, it works out the best solution all by itself. This is how DeepSeek-R1 has grown to be a reasoning model, which is a new type of AI, noted Microsoft engineer Vinayak Hegde. Common AI models, like GPT-40, usually just give direct answers. But reasoning models are trained to both think and show the process. 1．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．Deepseek-R1. B．OpenAI. C．Chat GPT. D．Chain-of-Thought. 2．What are the reasons for DeepSeek-R1’s success? ① its low cost    ② its big models   ③ its simple pattern   ④ its special method A．①③ B．③④ C．②③ D．①④ 3．Which of the following can be put in ▲ . A．collects much information B．solves the problem itself C．loses ones for breaking a glass D．uses the main method again 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．How Deepseek-R1 Developed B．A New AI Model Excited the World C．The Rising Technology of China D．The Popularity of Deepseek-R1 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了人工智能DeepSeek-R1的出现与发展。 1．词句猜测题。根据“For more than a month, the world has been excited about a new AI model, DeepSeek-Rl.”和“The new AI came out on Jan. 20. In just one week, it beat OpenAI’s ChatGPT”可知，一个多月来，世界对一种新的人工智能模型DeepSeek-R1感到兴奋。1月20日，新一代人工智能面世。在短短一周内，它就击败了OpenAI的ChatGPT，此处的“it”指的是“DeepSeek-R1”。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“It is also the cheapest of its kind and took only about 5.57 million US dollars (40.58 million yuan) to develop.”和“DeepSeek-Rl’s success largely came from its special training method.”可知，DeepSeek-R1的成功是因为价格低以及特殊的训练方法。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“In RL, AI learns by trying different things. It gets rewards for correct actions and gets punished for mistakes. For example, in a game, it gets points for picking up litter”可知，DeepSeek-R1使用强化学习模式，从正确的行为中得到奖励，从错误中得到惩罚，在游戏中因捡垃圾得分，此处是说失分的情况，C项“因打碎玻璃而失分”符合语境。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了人工智能DeepSeek-R1的出现与发展，A选项“Deepseek-R1是如何发展起来的”可作为文章标题。故选A。 长难句解析① ①原句：（第 3 段第 1 句）Its developer said that DeepSeek-R1 is as good at difficult tasks as other big models but needs less computing power. 译文：其开发者表示，DeepSeek-R1 在处理复杂任务方面与其他大型模型不相上下，但所需的计算能力更少。 分析：这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，整体结构为主句 + 宾语从句，具体成分如下： 主句： 主语：Its developer（它的开发者，形容词性物主代词 Its 修饰名词 developer） 谓语：said（说，动词过去式） 宾语从句：（由 that 引导，作 said 的宾语） 主语：DeepSeek-R1（人工智能模型名称，专有名词） 谓语部分：由两个并列结构组成，用 but 连接表示转折，第一个谓语是is，第二个谓语是needs。 长难句解析① ①原句：（第 6段第 1句）This is how DeepSeek-R1 has grown to be a reasoning model, which is a new type of AI, noted Microsoft engineer Vinayak Hegde. 译文：微软工程师维奈克・赫格德指出，这就是 DeepSeek-R1 成长为推理模型的过程，而推理模型是一种新型人工智能。 分析：这是一个主从复合句。 主句：noted Microsoft engineer Vinayak Hegde（倒装句，正常语序为 “Microsoft engineer Vinayak Hegde noted”） 宾语从句：This is how DeepSeek-R1 has grown to be a reasoning model作noted的宾语。 定语从句：which is a new type of AI（修饰先行词 “reasoning model”，which 在从句中作主语） 译文 一个多月来，全球都对一款新的人工智能模型 DeepSeek-R1 感到兴奋。它由总部位于浙江省杭州市的中国企业深度求索（DeepSeek）研发。 这款新的人工智能于 1 月 20 日推出。据新华社报道，仅一周时间，它就击败了 OpenAI 的 ChatGPT，成为苹果应用商店中排名第一的免费应用。 其开发者表示，DeepSeek-R1 在处理复杂任务方面与其他大型模型不相上下，但所需的计算能力更少。它也是同类产品中成本最低的，研发仅花费约 557 万美元（约合 4058 万元人民币）。这远低于美国企业研发同类人工智能模型所需的数亿甚至数十亿美元。 DeepSeek-R1 的成功很大程度上源于其独特的训练方法。传统上，人工智能的训练方式有两种。一种是 “思维链”（CoT），在这种方式中，人工智能学习将问题分解为更小、更简单的步骤。另一种是 “监督微调”（SFT），其原理是向人工智能展示大量练习题及正确答案，让它从中找到规律。 然而，据新华社报道，DeepSeek-R1 主要采用 “强化学习”（RL）的方法。在强化学习中，人工智能通过尝试不同的行为来学习：正确的行为会得到奖励，错误的行为则会受到惩罚。例如，在游戏中，它会因捡起垃圾而得分，因打碎玻璃而失分。久而久之，它能自行找到最佳解决方案。 微软工程师维奈克・赫格德指出，这就是 DeepSeek-R1 成长为推理模型的过程，而推理模型是一种新型人工智能。像 GPT-40 这样的普通人工智能模型通常只给出直接答案，而推理模型则经过训练，既能思考又能展示思考过程。 实战演练 真题示例 Passage A （2025·山东临沂·中考真题） Nowadays, there are many great inventions around us. They make our lives better in amazing ways. One of them is called “Tianmouc”—the world’s first smart chip (芯片) that works like our eyes and brains. A team from Tsinghua University made it! Tianmouc gets an idea by how our human eyes and brains work together. First, our eyes see things around us. Then, our brains understand them. Tianmouc does something similar! It uses special sensors (传感器) to break down what it sees into tiny parts. Then, Tianmouc puts them together in two ways. One is by seeing colors and details clearly as if we read a book. The other is by reacting (回应) to sudden changes quickly, just like we catch a ball. Tianmouc is really powerful. It can do things that traditional chips can’t. For example, it’s able to collect what it sees at a very high speed of 10,000 frames (帧) per second. In some ways, it sees things more exactly than our eyes. The chip can work well in different light conditions—no matter how bright or dark the light is. All of these are achieved with very little power or energy. Tianmouc has a big influence on our daily life. For self-driving cars, they need to “see” the road clearly and react quickly to any danger. Tianmouc can notice sudden changes quickly, like a child running across the road or a car suddenly cutting in. For the cameras, they will react faster by catching any unusual movement in the future. Inventions like Tianmouc show how creative the humans can be! They are making our lives more convenient and safer. Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next? 1．What do we know about “Tianmouc”? A．It’s a new type of cameras that can react faster. B．It’s a special sensor for self-driving cars to see and react quickly. C．It’s the world’s first smart chip working like human eyes and brains. 2．From Paragraph 2, we know ______. A．how Tianmouc works B．how Tianmouc helps us C．what makes Tianmouc special 3．What does the writer mean by asking “Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next?”? A．The writer doubts if there will be new inventions. B．The writer believes more amazing inventions will appear. C．The writer thinks inventions will mainly make cars faster. 4．Where is the passage probably from? A．A travel ad. B．A health guide. C．A science magazine. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了“天眸芯”这项发明。 1．细节理解题。根据“One of them is called ‘Tianmouc’—the world’s first smart chip (芯片) that works like our eyes and brains. A team from Tsinghua University made it!”可知，天眸芯是世界上首款能像我们的眼睛和大脑一样工作的智能芯片。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Tianmouc gets an idea by how our human eyes and brains work together.”并结合全段内容可知，第二段介绍了天眸芯是如何运作的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“Inventions like Tianmouc show how creative the humans can be! They are making our lives more convenient and safer. Who knows what amazing inventions we’ll see next?”可推知，作者相信将会出现更多惊人的发明。故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了“天眸芯”这项发明。故可推知，本文可能来自于科学杂志。故选C。 长难句解析① ①原句：（第 1段第 2 句）One of them is called “Tianmouc”—the world’s first smart chip (芯片) that works like our eyes and brains. 译文：其中一项发明名为 “天目”—— 它是世界上首个像我们的眼睛和大脑一样工作的智能芯片。 分析：主句：One of them is called “Tianmouc”（主系表结构，被动语态，主语为 One of them，表语为 “Tianmouc”）。 同位语：the world’s first smart chip（解释说明 “Tianmouc” 的身份）。 定语从句：that works like our eyes and brains（修饰先行词 chip，关系代词 that 在从句中作主语）。 译文 如今，我们身边有许多伟大的发明。它们以惊人的方式让我们的生活变得更美好。其中一款名为 “天眸芯”—— 它是世界上首款能像人类的眼睛和大脑一样工作的智能芯片，由清华大学的一个团队研发而成！ 天眸芯的设计灵感来源于人类眼睛和大脑的协同工作原理。首先，我们的眼睛观察周围的事物，然后大脑对其进行理解。天眸芯的工作方式与之相似：它利用特殊传感器将所 “见” 分解为微小的部分，之后通过两种方式将这些部分整合。一种是像我们读书时那样，清晰地识别颜色和细节；另一种是像我们接球时那样，对突发变化做出快速反应。 天眸芯的性能十分强大，能完成传统芯片无法做到的事情。例如，它能够以每秒 10,000 帧的超高速度收集所 “见” 的信息。在某些方面，它的 “视觉” 比人类的眼睛更精准。这款芯片在不同的光线条件下都能正常工作 —— 无论光线明暗。而实现这一切仅需极少的能量。 天眸芯对我们的日常生活产生了重大影响。对于自动驾驶汽车而言，它们需要清晰地 “观察” 道路，并对任何危险做出快速反应。天眸芯能迅速察觉突发状况，比如一个孩子跑过马路或一辆汽车突然加塞。未来，配备天眸芯的摄像头将能更快地捕捉到任何异常动静。 像天眸芯这样的发明展现了人类的创造力！它们正让我们的生活更加便捷和安全。谁知道接下来我们还会见证哪些惊人的发明呢？ 核心短语归纳 make our lives better 让我们的生活更美好 work like 像…… 一样工作 come up with an idea 想出一个主意 break down...into... 把…… 分解成…… in two ways 以两种方式 for example 例如 at a speed of 以…… 的速度 in different conditions 在不同的条件下 no matter 无论 have a big influence on 对…… 有很大影响 self-driving cars 自动驾驶汽车 react to 对…… 作出反应 cut in 插入；插嘴（文中指车辆突然变道） catch movement 捕捉移动 Passage B （2024·山东泰安·中考真题）Papermaking technology (造纸术) is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. 1 Thousands of years ago in the Mediterranean (地中海), it was common for people to write messages on broken pieces from jars (坛，罐). 2 In the Eastern Han Dynasty, an official named Cai Lun created a sheet of paper using mulberry (桑树) and other fibers (纤维) along with fishing net, old clothes, and other wastes. He steamed and cooked al these materials with water, and changed them into pulp (纸浆), then poured the pulp out carefully on a fine screen and dried it into a kind of thin paper. The paper was suitable for writing and was also very cheap, so it became very popular. 3 After the Eastern Han Dynasty, papermaking technology had been gradually improved. And then bamboo and straw could also be used as the materials for making paper. 4 For example, the Xuan paper is used for Chinese calligraphy and painting. Papermaking technology was introduced to the Korean peninsula and Japan in the late Sui and early Tang dynasties, and later to Arabia and other countries. 5 It also plays an important role in the development of global civilization. A．Therefore, Cai Lun played a great part in papermaking technology. B．Before it was invented, people wrote on different kinds of things. C．Because of different materials, many kinds of paper were produced for different uses. D．Animal skins and wood were also common materials to write on. E．The invention of paper provides a more convenient way for communication of information. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文主要介绍了造纸术的发展。 1．根据“Thousands of years ago in the Mediterranean (地中海), it was common for people to write messages on broken pieces from jars”可知数千年前，在地中海，人们在罐子的碎片上写信息是很常见的，故此处介绍的是造纸术发明之前的事情，选项B“在它被发明之前，人们在各种各样的东西上写过东西”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据“Thousands of years ago in the Mediterranean (地中海), it was common for people to write messages on broken pieces from jars”可知此处介绍以前人们在什么物品上写字，选项D“兽皮和木头也是常见的书写材料”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据“The paper was suitable for writing and was also very cheap, so it became very popular.”可知这种纸适合写字，而且很便宜，所以很受欢迎，所以蔡伦发明造纸术是很重要的，选项A“因此，蔡伦在造纸技术中发挥了重要作用”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“For example, the Xuan paper is used for Chinese calligraphy and painting.”可知宣纸用于中国书法和绘画，所以材料不同，用处就不同，选项C“由于材料不同，生产了多种不同用途的纸张”符合语境。故选C。 5．根据“It also plays an important role in the development of global civilization.”可知此处介绍纸的发明的作用，选项E“纸张的发明为信息交流提供了一种更方便的方式”符合语境。故选E。 长难句解析① ①原句：（第 3段第 1 句）In the Eastern Han Dynasty, an official named Cai Lun created a sheet of paper using mulberry (桑树) and other fibers (纤维) along with fishing net, old clothes, and other wastes. 译文：东汉时期，一位名叫蔡伦的官员用桑树等纤维，加上渔网、旧衣服和其他废料，造出了一张纸。 分析：状语：In the Eastern Han Dynasty（介词短语，表时间）。 主语：an official（名词短语）。 定语：named Cai Lun（过去分词短语，修饰 official）。 谓语：created（动词过去式）。 宾语：a sheet of paper（名词短语）。 方式状语：using mulberry... and other wastes（现在分词短语，说明 “造纸的材料”）。 译文 造纸术是中国古代四大发明之一。在它被发明之前，人们在各种各样的东西上写过东西。数千年前的地中海地区，人们常在陶罐碎片上书写信息。兽皮和木头也是常见的书写材料。 东汉时期，一位名叫蔡伦的官员用桑树等纤维，加上渔网、旧衣服和其他废料，造出了一张纸。他将这些材料加水蒸煮，制成纸浆，然后将纸浆小心地倒在细密的筛子上，晾干后就成了一种薄纸。这种纸适合书写，而且价格低廉，因此广受欢迎。因此，蔡伦在造纸技术中发挥了重要作用。 东汉以后，造纸技术逐渐得到改进。随后，竹子和稻草也能作为造纸原料。由于材料不同，生产出了多种不同用途的纸张。例如，宣纸用于中国的书法和绘画。 隋末唐初，造纸术传入朝鲜半岛和日本，后来又传入阿拉伯等国。纸张的发明为信息交流提供了一种更便捷的方式，同时在全球文明的发展中也发挥了重要作用。 核心短语归纳 four great inventions 四大发明 change...into... 把…… 变成…… be suitable for 适合…… be used for 用于…… be introduced to 被传入…… play an important role in 在…… 中起重要作用 along with 连同；和…… 一起 for example 例如 thousands of 成千上万的 Passage A（24-25八年级上·辽宁沈阳·期末） Daisy acts like a grandma—she loves cooking and says she’s poor at phones and computers. When strangers call, she jokes “I’m your worst nightmare(噩梦)!” But this isn’t true for regular people. She only uses this trick to scare phone scammers(骗子). Here’s the secret: Daisy isn’t human. She’s a chat-robot designed by a UK phone company to waste scammers’ time and protect real grandmas from their tricks. In July 2024, a UK study found that around 67% of people over 75 were scammed at least once in the six months before the study. Nearly 75% of these scams happened over the phone. Meet Daisy, who has been trained to have conversations with phone scammers and waste their time. The company teamed up with Jim Browning, who has spent years acting like a clueless victim(一无所知的受害者)to waste scammers’ time. ▲ “Whenever she’s on the phone with a scammer, your parents, your grandparents, your relatives, are not being cheated,” Browning said. The company says, “Daisy is already wasting hundreds and hundreds of hours of scammers’ time, and has shared real-life conversations the chat-robot has had with them.” Some conversations last nearly an hour. She talks about her cat, Fluffy, and people in her family. In some conversations, she even gives the scammers what they want—bank details. But of course, they’re not real. “Daisy is also there to remind you of something important. The person you’re speaking to on the phone might not always be who he says he is” the company adds. 1．What is the purpose of Daisy saying “I’m your worst nightmare”? A．To scare all the strangers who call. B．To show her dislike for technology. C．To deal with phone scammers on purpose. D．To hide the fact that she isn’t good at using mobile phones. 2．What can we infer from the UK study mentioned in the text? A．Most phone scams aim at young people. B．Scammers prefer to use text messages instead of calls. C．Elderly people are more likely to be tricked by phone scams. D．Only 33% of people over 75 were scammed in the past six months. 3．Which sentence can be put in the “________” in the third paragraph? A．Daisy can stop scammers quickly and save many people. B．Daisy can’t stop scammers, but she can slow them down. C．Daisy uses her experience to draw scammers’ attention. D．The company plans to make Daisy work on computers, too. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．The Smart Grandma Who Fights Scams B．How to Protect Your Grandma from Scams C．The Dangerous World of Phone Scammers D．A New Way to Make Friends on the Phone 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了一个名为Daisy的聊天机器人，它由英国电话公司设计，专门用于与电话诈骗者周旋，浪费他们的时间，从而保护老年人免受诈骗。 1．推理判断题。根据“She only uses this trick to scare phone scammers”可知，Daisy说这句话的目的是专门对付电话诈骗者，而非吓唬所有陌生人。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“around 67% of people over 75 were scammed… Nearly 75% of these scams happened over the phone”可知，老年人（over 75）是电话诈骗的主要目标群体。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据前文“who has been trained to have conversations with phone scammers and waste their time. The company teamed up with Jim Browning, who has spent years acting like a clueless victim to waste scammers’ time. ”可知，说明Daisy的作用是拖延诈骗者时间。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。全文围绕Daisy如何伪装成“奶奶”对抗诈骗展开。故选A。 Passage B（24-25八年级下·山东泰安·期中） On January 28, 2025, a special performance called YangBOT amazed audiences (观众) at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala (春晚), China’s most-watched TV show. Directed by the Chinese famous filmmaker Zhang Yimou, the performance connected traditional Chinese yangko dance with modern robot technology. In the performance, humanoid robots (robots shaped like humans) dressed in colorful costumes danced yangko, a joyful folk dance which is from northern China and often seen during festivals. How amazing! These robots rapidly become a hot search topic on social media (媒体). Everyone wonders where they are from and how they can dance like real men, or even better? These robots were developed by Unitree, a Chinese robotics company. Unitree’s robots are very well-known. Obviously (显然), the robots in YangBOT performance were not Unitree’s first success. In 2021, their robot cows named “Ben Ben” danced with singer Liu Dehua. The robots in YangBOT performance learned dance moves through AI and used laser navigation (激光导航) to move safely on the stage (舞台). Their strong joints (关节) (like knees with 360 N·m power) helped them balance perfectly during fast steps. Thanks to these innovations (创新), the robots won the hearts of millions. Zhang Yimou explained, “This dance isn’t just fun. It shows how technology brings new life to traditions.” Young viewers called it “cool”, while older audiences loved its humor and festive spirit. The YangBOT program is a perfect mix of China’s tech progress and cultural pride. As one fan said, “It’s like watching the future and past dance together!” 1．What was special about YangBOT at the 2025 CCTV Spring Festival Gala? A．It was directed by a foreign filmmaker. B．It was the first time robots appeared on the stage. C．It mixed yangko dance with robot technology. D．Only human dancers performed yangko. 2．How did the robots learn the dance moves? A．Through AI. B．By watching human dancers. C．With the help of Zhang Yimou. D．Under the guide of a supercomputer. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Unitree has never had any success before. B．Zhang Yimou thought the dance was only for fun. C．The robots in the performance were all dressed in dark costumes. D．The strong joints of the robots helped them balance perfectly during fast steps. 4．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A textbook. B．A travel guide. C．A newspaper. D．An advertisement. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了2025年央视春晚的特别节目《秧BOT》，该节目融合传统秧歌与现代机器人技术，同时介绍了表演机器人的相关情况及节目的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“Directed by the Chinese famous filmmaker Zhang Yimou, the performance connected traditional Chinese yangko dance with modern robot technology.”可知，《秧BOT》的特别之处在于将秧歌与机器人技术相融合。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“The robots in YangBOT performance learned dance moves through AI and used laser navigation (激光导航) to move safely on the stage (舞台).”可知，机器人是通过人工智能学习舞蹈动作的。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第4段“Their strong joints (关节) (like knees with 360 N·m power) helped them balance perfectly during fast steps.”可知，机器人的强大关节帮助它们在快速步伐中完美平衡。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要报道了2025年央视春晚的特别节目《秧BOT》，包含时间、内容、相关细节等，符合新闻报道的特点，通常会出现在报纸上。故选C。 Passage C （24-25八年级上·广东深圳·期中）China’s Manned Space Agency (CMSA) has named its new spacesuit for future moon missions “Wangyue”, meaning “Looking into the Universe”. The name reflects Chinese culture and the spirit of space exploration. The spacesuit was first shown to the public on September 28th, 2024. It is designed for China’s plan to send astronauts to the moon by 2030. The suit uses advanced technology to keep astronauts safe and comfortable. ①Spacesuit material It can be very cold or very hot. There is also a lot of dust. To protect the astronauts, scientists made the spacesuit with a special material. ②Control panel (控制台) There is a control panel on the front of the spacesuit. It can do many things and is very easy to use. ④Visor (头盔面窗) The helmet has a special visor. It can stop the bright sunlight from hurting the astronauts’ eyes. It also helps them see everything around them clearly. ③Cameras There are cameras on both sides of the helmet. They can take videos of things close up and far away. ⑤Joints (关节) The joints of the spacesuit can bend easily. Astronauts can move their arms and legs easily in space. 1．What does the name “Wangyue” mean? A．Flying to the moon. B．Exploring the universe. C．Protecting astronauts. D．Studying the future. 2．Why is the special material used in the spacesuit important? A．It makes the spacesuit look more beautiful. B．It keeps astronauts safe in bad conditions. C．It helps the spacesuit last much longer. D．It makes the spacesuit cheaper to make. 3．What is the function of the visor on the helmet? A．It helps astronauts take better pictures. B．It protects eyes and makes our sight clear. C．It makes communication with Earth easier. D．It reduces the weight of the helmet. 4．Which part of the spacesuit helps astronauts move freely? A．The control panel. B．The cameras. C．The joints. D．The visor. 5．What can we infer from the passage about China’s space exploration? A．China will send astronauts to Mars by 2030. B．China copies others’ advanced spacesuit designs. C．China cares more about spacesuits than spacecraft. D．China is preparing for long-term space missions. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国载人航天工程办公室发布的新月球宇航服“望月”的特点和设计理念。 1．细节理解题。根据文章“China’s Manned Space Agency (CMSA) has named its new spacesuit for future moon missions ‘Wangyue’, meaning ‘Looking into the Universe’”可知，“Wangyue”的意思是“仰望宇宙”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“It can be very cold or very hot. There is also a lot of dust. To protect the astronauts, scientists made the spacesuit with a special material”可知，特殊材料是为了保护宇航员免受恶劣环境的影响。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章“The helmet has a special visor. It can stop the bright sunlight from hurting the astronauts’ eyes. It also helps them see everything around them clearly”可知，面窗的作用是保护眼睛并提供清晰视野。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文章“The joints of the spacesuit can bend easily. Astronauts can move their arms and legs easily in space”可知，太空服的关节很容易弯曲，宇航员穿着这样的宇航服能自由活动。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据文章“The spacesuit was first shown to the public on September 28th, 2024. It is designed for China’s plan to send astronauts to the moon by 2030.”可知，2030年的任务，2024年就已经在进行了，由此可知中国正在为长期太空任务做准备。故选D。 Passage D The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented (发明) thousands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk. It is said that Meng Tian, a general (将军) of the Kingdom of Qin, improved (改进) the pen. When Meng was leading an army to fight against the Kingdom of Chu, he had to write reports to his king in time. But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it. One day after hunting, Meng made his way home with some wild rabbits on the horse back. Fat and heavy, one rabbit’s tail left a long trail (痕迹) on the ground when it moved on. Suddenly a good idea came to his mind when he saw it, “If I tie the rabbit’s hair to a stick, would it be easy to write with?” On arriving home, he tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick and tried writing with it. But the rabbit’s hair was too smooth to write well and wasted a lot of silk. Meng was so disappointed (失望的) that he threw away his “invention” into a stone hole in the yard. However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time. A few rainy days later, he happened to find his “invention” fatter in a stone hole. He picked it up with hope. The brush worked beautifully on silk. It turned out that the special water had cleaned the oil from the hair. Meng succeeded (成功) at last. Thanks to Meng, the brush pen is playing a key role in Chinese culture. Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colourful and helps them better understand Chinese culture. 1．Why did Meng Tian want to improve the pen? A．Because the king asked him to do so. B．Because he wanted to be an inventor. C．Because the pen brought him much trouble. D．Because he didn’t have silk to write on. 2．Which is the RIGHT order of improving the brush pen? a. The brush pen could write well. b. Meng tied the rabbit’s hair to a stick. c. The special water washed the oil away. d. Meng dropped the stick into a stone hole. e. Meng came up with a new idea on the way home after hunting. A．e-b-d-c-a B．d-b-a-c-e C．e-b-d-a-c D．d-b-c-a-e 3．How can the students understand Chinese culture better according to the passage? A．By learning to use brush pens. B．By inventing new things. C．By making pens with animals’ hair. D．By planting more bamboo. 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Learn from animals. B．Value wonderful memories. C．Think twice before taking action. D．Keep trying and never give up. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了蒙恬改进毛笔的经过以及毛笔在中国文化中的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“But his pen was too hard and caused him much trouble, so he was thinking of ways to improve it.”可知，蒙恬改进笔的原因是因为原来的笔给他带来了很多麻烦。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，改进毛笔的顺序是：蒙恬打猎回家的路上想到新主意（e）→ 他把兔毛绑在棍子上（b）→ 因不好用把它扔进院子的石洞里（d）→ 雨后石洞里的特殊水洗掉了兔毛上的油脂（c）→ 毛笔能很好地写字了（a）。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Today, students are taught to use the brush pens in school. It makes their life more colourful and help them better understand Chinese culture.”可知，学生通过学会使用毛笔可以更好地理解中国文化。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据“However, Meng never gave up and kept trying all the time.”以及整个故事的发展可知，我们可以从文章中学到的是：不断尝试，永不放弃。故选D。 Passage E （24-25八年级上·广东广州·期中）阅读短文及文后A—E选项，选出可以填入后面各题空白处的最佳选项。 This week, we are going to learn about great inventions in the world. 1 The inventions were trying to make something completely different. Here is one story. In 1945, at the end of the Second World War, Percy LeBaron Spencer, an American scientist, was working on a machine to produce powerful radio waves. 2 The machine was able to cook things! Percy called it a microwave. 3 However, the first microwave weighed around 350 kilograms and was as big as a fridge! 4 Now millions of homes have microwaves. 5 . So we can say that the microwave has changed the way we live. A．And many people can’t imagine living without one. B．When he was standing next to the new machine, a bar of chocolate in his pocket became soft. C．Many inventions were created by accident. D．In time, microwaves became smaller. E．And soon many homes began to use it. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．E 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了微波炉的发明过程和使用情况。 1．根据“The inventions were trying to make something completely different.”可知，接下来应该介绍这些发明的特点，选项C“许多发明是偶然创造的”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据“Percy LeBaron Spencer, an American scientist, was working on a machine to produce powerful radio waves.”和“The machine was able to cook things!”可知，接下来应该描述机器的意外效果，选项B“当他站在新机器旁边时，他口袋里的巧克力变软了”符合语境。故选B。 3．根据“Percy called it a microwave.”可知，接下来应该描述微波炉的使用情况，选项E“很快，许多家庭开始使用它”符合语境。故选E。 4．根据“However, the first microwave weighed around 350 kilograms and was as big as a fridge!”可知，接下来应该描述微波炉的改进，选项D“随着时间的推移，微波炉变得更小”符合语境。故选D。 5． 根据“Now millions of homes have microwaves.”可知，接下来应该描述微波炉对生活的影响，选项A“许多人无法想象没有微波炉的生活”符合语境。故选A。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 4 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$