语法第10讲:情态动词should 、must 的用法-2024-2025学年仁爱科普版英语七年级下册

2025-08-12
| 2份
| 27页
| 156人阅读
| 3人下载
普通

资源信息

学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语仁爱科普版七年级下册
年级 七年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 100 KB
发布时间 2025-08-12
更新时间 2025-08-12
作者 xkw_059551983
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-08-12
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/53447446.html
价格 1.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

内容正文:

仁爱新版七下 单元语法同步讲义(教师版) Unit 11 Rules matter 第10讲:情态动词的用法 (一)语法考点 1.定义: 情态动词本身有一定的词义,通常与动词原形一起构成谓语,用来表示能力、请求、命令、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。常见的情态动词有:can、could、may、might、must、ought to、shall、should、will 和 would。本单元重点学习should/shouldn’t、must/mustn’t的用法。 2.特点: ①没有人称和数的变化。 I can sing. 我会唱歌。 He can sing. 他会唱歌。 ②情态动词后面接动词原形 We must finish the homework. 我们必须完成作业。 ③句式转换时,不需要借助动词,其否定形式在后面直接加not。 She can ride a bike. 变为否定句:She can't ride a bike. ④不能单独作谓语, 只能和动词一起使用,与后面的动词共同作谓语。 3.常见情态动词用法区分: 情态动词 用法 示例 can 1.表示现在的能力,意为“能,会” She can swim. 她会游泳。 2.表示“请求,允许”。 Can I use this book? 我能用这本书吗? 3.表示否定推测,意为“不可能”。 It can’t rain tomorrow. 明天不可能下雨。 could 1.表示过去的能力,意为“能,会”,是can的过去式。 She could swim when she was young. 当她年轻的时候她会游泳。 2.表示“请求,允许”。更加委婉的语气,肯定回答时要改用can ——Could I use your pen? ——我能用你的钢笔吗? ——Yes,you can./Of course you can. ——当然可以。 may 1. may用在疑问句中表示请求,意为“可以”。 以may开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may或can,否定回答用can’t或mustn’t。 ——May I use your pen? —— 我可以用你的钢笔吗? ——Yes, you may/can./ No, you mustn’t. —— 可以,你可以用。/ 不,你不可以用。 2.表示推测,意为“也许,可能”。 Tomorrow I may go shopping. 明天我可能去购物。 3.表示祝愿,在正式场合或书面语中表示祝愿时,常放在句首。 May you have a good time! 祝你玩得愉快! shall 在疑问句中,shall用来征询对方的意见或请求指示,多用于第一人称。 Shall we meet at 6 o’clock? 我们在6点见面好吗? should 1.表示建议,意为“应该”。 You should read this book. 你应该读这本书。 2.表示责任/义务,意为“应该”。 ①We should study hard. 你应该努力学习。 ②We should follow the traffic rules. 你应该遵守交通规则。 will 表示意愿,意为“愿意”。在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。 Will you close the window? 你愿意关上窗户吗? would 表示“意愿”,意为“想要”。 ①would like to do sth. 想要做某事 ②would like sth. 想要某物 ①I would like to go to school with you tomorrow. 我想要明天和你一起去学校。 ②——Would you like some apples? ——你想要一些苹果吗? ——Yes, I’d like to. /Yes,please./No,thanks. ——是的,我想要。/不,谢谢。 need need作情态动词,一般用于疑问句、否定句,意为“需要”。 ①need + do; ②否定 needn’t + do; ③无人称、数的变化。 ④在回答need引导的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。 ①I need go now. 我现在需要走了。 ②You needn’t go now. 你现在不需要走。 ③She need do her homework. 她需要做她的家庭作业。 ④——Need you go now? ——你现在需要走了吗? ——Yes, I must. / No, I needn’t. ——是的,我必须走了。/不,我不需要。 need作实义动词,意为“需要”。 ①need sth. 需要某物 ②need to do sth. 需要去做某事 ①I need some water. 我需要一些水。 ②We need to work.我们需要去工作。 ③She doesn’t need to know it. 她不需要知道。 must must表示主观“必须” 否定式must not/mustn’t表示“不准,禁止”。 ①He must finish his homework. 他必须完成他的家庭作业。 ②You mustn’t swim here,because it’s dangerous. 你不许在这里游泳,因为这很危险。 【考点01】 should/shouldn’t的用法 1.should意为“应该;应当”,没有人称和数的变化,其后接动词原形。should的否定形式为shouldn't (should not),意为“不应当;不该”。 它的用法如下: ①表示委婉地提出意见或建议,一般意为"应该;应当"。 Eg.:You should eat lots of healthy food. 你应该多吃些健康的食品。 You should help each other. 你们应该互相帮助。 ②表示义务、责任,也意为"应该;应当"。 Eg.:You should study hard. 你应当努力学习。 He should pay for the books. 他应当付书钱。 ③ 表示命令和要求,语气比较强烈。 Eg.:We should respect our teachers and parents. 我们应该尊敬老师和父母。 You shouldn’t be so careless. 你不应该这么粗心。 ④表示预测和可能性。 Eg.:He should be a teacher. 他可能是一位老师。 They should be in the classroom. 他们应该在教室里。 2. should的基本句型 肯定句/否定句:主语+should/shouldn't+动词原形+其他. 一般疑问句及回答:—Should+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主格代词+should. 否定回答:No, 主格代词+shouldn't. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他? Eg.:I should do my homework at first. 我应该马上做我的作业。 改为一般疑问句:Should I do my homework at first? 肯定回答:Yes,you should. 否定回答:No,you shouldn’t. 特殊疑问句:What should I do at first? 【考点02】must/mustn’t的用法 1.must意为“必须(主观上的必须)”表示主观上的强烈意愿或命令,强调个人主观的决定或判断。没有人称和数的变化,其后接动词原形。其否定形式mustn't (must not)表示“禁止、不许、一定不能”,语气较为强烈。 它的用法如下: (1)must 表示主观看法,意为“必须”。 Eg: You must stay here until I come back. 你必须待在这里直到我回来。 Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交我的作业吗? (2) must也可以表示有把握的推测,“ 一定,肯定”,用于肯定句。 Eg: The light is on, so he must be at home now. 灯亮着,所以他现在肯定在家。 You mustn't play with fire. 你禁止玩火。 You mustn't be late. 你一定不能迟到。 2. must的基本句型 肯定句/否定句:主语+must/mustn’t+动词原形+其他. 一般疑问句及回答:—Must+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主格代词+must. 否定回答:No, 主格代词+needn't/don't have to. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+must+主语+动词原形+其他? Eg.:I must be home before 8 o'clock. 8点之前我必须回家 改为一般疑问句:Must I be home before 8 o'clock? 肯定回答:Yes, you must. 否定回答:No, you needn't. /No, you don't have to. 特殊疑问句:What time must I be home? (二)同步练习 一、单项选择题。 ( C )1.Please don’t make so much noise. I _______hear what the speaker is saying.  A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t 解析:“我不能听到演讲者在说什么”,这里表示能力上的 “不能”,用 can't。needn't 意为 “不必”,mustn't 意为 “禁止”。 ( B )2.You _______ drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous. A. wouldn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. mightn’t 解析:“你不应该开车这么快”,shouldn't 表示 “不应该”,符合语境。wouldn't “不会”,couldn't “不能”,mightn't “可能不”。 ( C )3.——Do you have any plans about this summer vacation? ——I_______go to Australia for vacation, but I haven’t decided yet.  A. can’t B. must C. may 解析:“我可能去澳大利亚度假,但我还没决定”,may 表示可能性,所以选 C。 ( A )4. ——It nearly took me an hour to walk here. ——Have a drink, then. You_______be thirsty.  A. must B. should C. can 解析:“你一定渴了”,must 表示肯定推测,所以选 A。 ( B )5. ——Excuse me, is this the way to the cinema? ——Sorry, I’m not sure. But it _______be.  A. mustn’t B. might C. can’t 解析:“我不确定,但它可能是(去电影院的路)”,might 表示可能性较小的推测,mustn't 意为 “禁止”,can't 意为 “不可能”。 ( A )6. You ________ tell him the result right away. A. should not B. should not to C. should to not D. not should 解析:should 是情态动词,否定形式是 should not,后接动词原形,所以选 A。 ( C )7.——Mom, must I stay there the whole day? ——No, you _______.You _______come back after lunch, if you like.  A. mustn’t; can     B. needn’t; must C. needn’t; may 解析:对于 must 开头的一般疑问句,否定回答用 needn't;“你可以午饭后回来”,用 may 表示许可,所以选 C。 ( A )8. Let’s take a bus, little children _______ tickets. A. needn’t buy B. needn’t to buy C. don’t need buy D. needn’t buying 解析:“让我们坐公共汽车,小孩子不需要买票”,needn't + 动词原形,所以选 A。 ( A )9. ——Is that Lucy’s car? ——It _______be hers. She has just gone for a meeting.  A. can’t B. should C. mustn’t 解析:“那不可能是她的车,她刚刚去开会了”,表示否定推测用 can't。should 意为 “应该”,mustn't 意为 “禁止”。 ( A )10. ——Tom, don’t drive too fast, you _________ hit the others’ cars. ——OK. A. may B.need C. must D.have to 解析:“你可能会撞到别人的车”,may 表示可能性,need “需要”,must “必须”,have to “不得不”。 ( C )11. Mr Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning. A. mustn’t B. may C. can’t D. needn’t 解析:“王先生现在不可能在南京,他今天早上才去北京”,表示否定推测用 can't,mustn't 意为 “禁止”,may “可能”,needn't “不必”。 ( A )12. ——Must I stay at home, Mum? ——No, you ______. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. may not 解析:对于 Must I...? 的否定回答用 needn't,所以选 A。 ( D )13. ——Can you go swimming with us this afternoon? ——Sorry, I can’t. I _____ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill. A. can B. may C. would D. have to 解析:“我不得不在家照顾我的小妹妹”,have to 表示客观上的 “不得不”,can “能”,may “可以”,would “愿意”。 ( C )14. ——May I go to the cinema, Mum? ——Certainly. But you ______ be back by 11 o’clock. A. can B. may C. must D. need 解析:“但是你必须 11 点之前回来”,must 表示命令、要求,所以选 C。 ( B )15. In order to speak English better, we_______ be afraid of failure. A. should B.shouldn’t C. have to D. could 解析:“为了更好地说英语,我们不应该害怕失败”,shouldn't 表示 “不应该”,所以选 B。 ( A )16. ——May I go out to play basketball, Dad? ——No, you ______. You must finish your homework first. A. mustn’t B. may not C. couldn’t D. needn’t 解析:对于 May I...? 的否定回答,用 mustn't 表示 “禁止”,所以选 A。 ( A )17. ——Where is Jack, please ? ——He _____ be in the reading room. A. can B. need C. would D. must 解析:“他可能在阅览室”,can 表示可能性,用于否定句和疑问句,need “需要”,would “愿意”,must “一定”。 ( C )18. ——Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li? ——No, it ______ be him. Mr Li is much taller. A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t 解析:“那不可能是他,李先生高得多”,表示否定推测用 can't,mustn't 意为 “禁止”,may not “可能不”,needn't “不必”。 ( A )19. Now most young people like shopping online because they_______ spend a lot of time going from shop to shop. A. needn’t B. can’t C.mustn’t D. shouldn’t 解析:“现在大多数年轻人喜欢网上购物,因为他们不必花很多时间从一个商店走到另一个商店”,needn't 表示 “不必”,所以选 A。 ( C )20. ——Mum, may I watch TV now? ——Sure, but you ______ help me with my housework first. A. can B. may C. must D. could 解析:“但是你必须先帮我做家务”,must 表示 “必须”,所以选 C。 ( B )21. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he ______ speak it after class. A. could B. didn’t have to C. might D. shouldn’t 解析:“但是课后他不必说英语”,didn't have to 表示 “不必”,could “能”,might “可能”,shouldn't “不应该”。 ( D )22. ——Must we hand in the papers now? ——No, you ______. A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t 解析:对于 Must we...? 的否定回答用 needn't,所以选 D。 ( D )23. John ______ go there with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure about it. A. must B. can C. will D. may 解析:“约翰今晚可能和我们一起去,但他不是很确定”,may 表示可能性,must “必须”,can “能”,will “将要”。 ( C )24. Even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem. So it ______ be very difficult. A. can B. may C. must D. need 解析:“甚至我们班的尖子生都做不出这道题,所以它一定很难”,must 表示肯定推测,所以选 C。 ( D )25. Put on more clothes. You ______ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. would D. must 解析:“你只穿一件衬衫一定感觉冷”,must 表示推测,语气较强,所以选 D。 ( D )26. It’s still early. You ______. A. mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry 解析:“还早呢,你不必着急”,don't have to = needn't,所以选 D。 ( A )27. ——May I stop here? ——No, you ______. A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t 解析:对于 May I...? 的否定回答,在这儿用 mustn't 表示 “禁止”,所以选 A。 ( A )28. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not 解析:“电脑不能自己思考”,can't 表示能力上的 “不能”,所以选 A。 ( C )29. ——Could I borrow your dictionary? —— Yes, of course you _______. A. might B. will C. can D. should 解析:对于 Could I...? 的回答,用 can,所以选 C。 ( B )30. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will 解析:“彼得今晚可能和我们一起来,但他还不是很确定”,may 表示可能性,所以选 B。 ( B )31. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he’s much too short. A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may 解析:“迈克尔不可能是一名警察,因为他太矮了”,表示否定推测用 can't,所以选 B。 ( A )32. ______ I know your name? A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must 解析:“我可以知道你的名字吗?”May I...? 表示请求许可,所以选 A。 ( C )33. You ______ be more careful next time. A. have to B. may C. must D. might 解析:“你下次必须更小心”,must 表示命令、要求,所以选 C。 ( A )34. You ______ miss the lesson, though we ______ have it on Thursday. A. mustn’t; needn’t B. needn’t; mustn’t C. mustn’t; mustn’t D. needn’t; needn’t 解析:“你不许错过这节课,尽管我们不必在周四上这节课”,mustn't 表示 “禁止”,needn't 表示 “不必”,所以选 A。 ( D )35. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn’t. whose ______ it be? A. must B. may C. would D. can 解析:“这支笔看起来像我的,但不是。它会是谁的呢?”can 用于疑问句表示推测,所以选 D。 ( C )36. What kinds of homes will we live in the future? Nobody __________ be sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now. A. will B. may C. can D. must 解析:“没有人能确定”,can 表示 “能,能够”,所以选 C。 ( B )37.To keep children safe, we_______ put the things like knives medicine away in our house. A .may B. should C. can D. might 解析:“为了让孩子们安全,我们应该把像刀、药之类的东西放在家里(合适的地方)”,should 表示 “应该”,所以选 B。 ( D )38. ______ you be happy! A. Might B. Must C. Wish D. May 解析:“祝你快乐!”May you be happy! 是祝福语,所以选 D。 ( B )39. A teacher ______ do every exercise, but a student must. A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t 解析:“老师不必做每一道练习题,但学生必须做”,needn't 表示 “不必”,所以选 B。 ( D )40. The matter ______ be changed into a gas, but it _______ be heated to its boiling point. A. may; needn’t B. may; can C. mustn’t; needn’t D. can; must 解析:“这种物质能变成气体,但必须加热到它的沸点”,can 表示 “能”,must 表示 “必须”,所以选 D。 ( C )41. Teachers and students ______ look coldly at you for a day or two, but there are friendly feelings in their hearts. A. must B. can C. may D. should 解析:“老师和学生可能会冷冷地看你一两天,但他们心里是有友好的感情的”,may 表示可能性,所以选 C。 ( D )42. Cars and buses ______ stop when the traffic lights turn red. A. can B. need C. may D. must 解析:“汽车和公共汽车在交通灯变红时必须停下来”,must 表示 “必须”,所以选 D。 ( B )43. ——Do you think his story ______ true? ——I don’ think so. But it sounds good. A. must be B. may be C. can be D. has to be 解析:“你认为他的故事可能是真的吗?”may be 表示可能性,所以选 B。 ( D )44. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You ______ cut your finger. A. need B. must C. should D. may 解析:“你可能会切到手指”,may 表示可能性,所以选 D。 ( C )45.——How long ______ the book be kept? ——For two weeks, but you ______ return it on time. A. can; may B. may; need C. can; must D. must; need 解析:“这本书可以借多久?” 用 can;“但是你必须按时归还”,用 must,所以选 C。 ( B )46. —— May I have an apple, Mum? ——Certainly. But you ______ wash your hands first? A. may B. must C. can D. need 解析:“但是你必须先洗手”,must 表示 “必须”,所以选 B。 ( C )47. ——There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there. ——Really? It ______ be a fire, most probably. A. can B. ought to C. may D. must 解析:“很可能是着火了”,may 表示可能性,所以选 C。 ( C )48. ——Shall I tell John about the bad news? ——No, you ______. I think that will make him sad. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 解析:“不,你不应该(告诉他),我认为那会让他伤心”,shouldn't 表示 “不应该”,所以选 C。 ( C )49. ——Could I call you by your first name? ——Yes, you ______. A. will B. could C. may D. might 解析:对于 Could I...? 的回答,用 may 或 can,所以选 C。 ( C )50.——Must I hand in all my money, Mum? ——No, you _________. You can use it to buy some school things. A. mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.should 解析:对于 Must I...? 的否定回答用 needn't,所以选 C。 ( B )51. ——______ the man there be our new teacher? ——He ______ be, but I’m not sure. A. May; mustn’t B. Can; may C. Must; can’t D. Can; can’t 解析:“那边的那个人可能是我们的新老师吗?” 用 Can;“他可能是,但我不确定”,用 may,所以选 B。 ( A )52. ——Sometime is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be? ——It ______ be Tom. He is still in the school. A. can; can’t B. can; mustn’t C. might; could D. might; may 解析:“会是谁呢?” 用 can;“不可能是汤姆,他还在学校”,用 can't,所以选 A。 ( B )53.We_______build our country into a country of peace and wealth. A .might B. should C .could 解析:“我们应该把我们的国家建设成一个和平富裕的国家”,should 表示 “应该”,所以选 B。 ( B )54.Dogs _______ run through soccer games at the park. It’s dangerous. A. should B shouldn’t C. need D. needn’t 解析:“狗不应该在公园的足球比赛中乱跑,那很危险”,shouldn't 表示 “不应该”,所以选 B。 二、用适当的情态动词填空(can, must, may, need, should或者其适当形式) 1.You mustn't leave your car here. Can’t you see the ‘No parking’ sign? 解析:“你不许把车停在这儿,你没看见‘禁止停车’的标志吗?”mustn't 表示 “禁止”。 2.You needn't finish your soup if you don’t like it. 解析:“如果你不喜欢,你不必喝完你的汤”,needn't 表示 “不必”。 3. Can this news be true? I can’t believe it. 解析:“这个消息可能是真的吗?我不敢相信”,Can 用于疑问句表示推测。 4.—— May I smoke here? ——Sorry, but we aren’t allow smoking here. 解析:“我可以在这儿抽烟吗?”May I...? 表示请求许可。 5.He must be the actor, I have seen him on TV. 解析:“他一定是那个演员,我在电视上见过他”,must 表示肯定推测。 6.I think today’s children should learn to respect their elders. 解析:“我认为现在的孩子应该学会尊重长辈”,should 表示 “应该”。 7.She can swim, but I can’t. 解析:“她会游泳,但我不会”,can 表示能力。 8.She said she might retire, but she was not sure. 解析:“她说她可能退休,但她不确定”,might 表示可能性较小的 “可能”。 9. The clothes need washing, they look so dirty. 解析:“这些衣服需要洗,它们看起来很脏”,need doing = need to be done,表示 “需要被……”。 10.You needn't push, there is a lot of room on the bus. 解析:“你不必挤,公共汽车上有很多空间”,needn't 表示 “不必”。 三、句型转换。 1. Should Jack drink some hot tea with honey?(作否定回答) No, he shouldn't. 解析:对于 Should...? 的否定回答是 No, 主语 + shouldn't。 2. You should read books in a room with reading lights.(对画线部分提问) Where should I read books? 解析:对地点提问用 where,将 should 提到主语前,构成疑问句。 3. Parents should leave their little kids at home.(改为否定句) Parents shouldn't leave their little kids at home. 解析:含有情态动词 should 的否定句,在 should 后加 not,缩写为 shouldn't,后接动词原形。 4. We should improve the environment by planting more trees. (对画线部分提问) How should we improve the environment? 解析:对方式提问用 how,将 should 提到主语前,构成疑问句。 5. Linda should get an X-ray after she hurt her leg. (改为一般疑问句) Should Linda get an X-ray after she hurt her leg? 解析:含有情态动词 should 的句子改为一般疑问句,将 should 提到主语前。 6.Must we wear school uniforms every day? 肯定回答:Yes, we must. 肯定回答:No,you needn’t/No,you don’t have to. 解析:Must 开头的一般疑问句肯定回答用 “Yes, 主语 + must”,这里主语是 the children,所以回答 “Yes, they must”。否定回答:No, they needn't./No, they don’t have to. 遵循 Must 开头一般疑问句否定回答的规则,用 needn't 或 don't have to 表示 “不必”。 7.They should clean the classroom every day. (对画线部分提问) What should they do every day? 解析:对 “clean the classroom(打扫教室)” 这个动作提问,即询问 “他们每天应该做什么”,用特殊疑问词 what,然后将 should 提前,后面接主语 they 和动词原形 do。 8.He should go to see a doctor when he is ill. (改为一般疑问句) Should he go to see a doctor when he is ill? 解析:含有情态动词 should 的句子变一般疑问句,只需把 should 提到句首,其他部分照抄,句末用问号。 9.Must she stay at home to take care of her mother? (作否定回答) No, she needn't. 解析:同第 6 题否定回答的规则,Must 开头的一般疑问句,否定回答用 needn't,表示 “她不必……”。 10.We must keep the classroom clean. (对画线部分提问) What must we do? 解析:对 “keep the classroom clean(保持教室干净)” 这个动作提问,也就是问 “我们必须做什么”,用 what 提问,然后把 must 提前,后面接主语 we 和动词原形 do。 11.Teachers should be patient with their students. (改为否定句) Teachers shouldn't be patient with their students. 解析:含有情态动词 should 的句子变否定句,直接在 should 后加 not,可缩写为 shouldn't,后面的动词原形 be 照写。 12.She should take some medicine for her cough. (对画线部分提问) What should she do for her cough? 解析:对 “take some medicine(吃一些药)” 这个动作提问,即问 “她为了咳嗽应该做什么”,用 what 提问,should 提前,后面接主语 she 和动词原形 do。 13.The workers must finish the work today? (改为一般疑问句) Must the workers finish the work today? 解析:Must 开头的一般疑问句,将 must 提到句首,其他部分顺序不变,句末变为问号。 14.We should protect the wild animals. (改为否定句) We shouldn't protect the wild animals. 解析:同第 11 题,在 should 后加 not,缩写为 shouldn't,后面接动词原形 protect。 15.They must arrive at school on time. (改为一般疑问句) Must they arrive at school on time? 解析:将 must 提到句首,其他部分不变,句末变为问号,构成一般疑问句。 16.He should practice speaking English every day. (对画线部分提问) What should he do every day? 解析:对 “practice speaking English(练习说英语)” 这个动作提问,用 what,should 提前,后面接主语 he 和动词原形 do。 17.Must the children go to bed early? 肯定回答:Yes,they must. 否定回答:No, they needn't./No,they don’t have to. 解析:如前面所述,Must 开头的一般疑问句肯定回答用 “Yes, 主语 + must”,这里主语是 the children,所以回答 “Yes, they must”。否定回答:No, they needn't./No, they don’t have to. 遵循 Must 开头一般疑问句否定回答的规则,用 needn't 或 don't have to 表示 “不必”。 18.You should read some interesting books. (对画线部分提问) What should I read? 解析:对 “some interesting books(一些有趣的书)” 提问,即问 “我应该读什么”,用 what,should 提前,主语由 you 变为 I(因为在问对方自己应该做什么),后面接动词原形 read。 19.Students should follow the school rules. (改为否定句) Students shouldn't follow the school rules. 解析:在 should 后加 not,缩写为 shouldn't,后面接动词原形 follow。 20.She should drink enough water every day. (改为一般疑问句) Should she drink enough water every day? 解析:把 should 提到句首,其他部分顺序不变,句末用问号,构成一般疑问句。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 仁爱新版七下 单元语法同步讲义(学生版) Unit 11 Rules matter 第10讲:情态动词的用法 (一)语法考点 1.定义: 情态动词本身有一定的词义,通常与动词原形一起构成谓语,用来表示能力、请求、命令、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。常见的情态动词有: 。本单元重点学习should/shouldn’t、must/mustn’t的用法。 2.特点: ①没有 和 的变化。 我会唱歌。 他会唱歌。 ②情态动词后面接 我们必须完成作业。 ③句式转换时,不需要借助动词,其否定形式在后面直接加 。 She can ride a bike. 变为否定句: ④不能单独作谓语, 只能和动词一起使用,与后面的动词共同作谓语。 3.常见情态动词用法区分: 情态动词 用法 示例 1.表示现在的能力,意为“能,会” 她会游泳。 2.表示“请求,允许”。 我能用这本书吗? 3.表示否定推测,意为“不可能”。 明天不可能下雨。 1.表示过去的能力,意为“能,会”,是 的过去式。 当她年轻的时候她会游泳。 2.表示“请求,允许”。更加委婉的语气,肯定回答时要改用 —— ——我能用你的钢笔吗? —— ——当然可以。 may 1. may用在疑问句中表示 ,意为“可以”。 以may开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用 ,否定回答用 —— —— 我可以用你的钢笔吗? —— —— 可以,你可以用。/ 不,你不可以用。 2.表示 ,意为“也许,可能”。 明天我可能去购物。 3.表示祝愿,在正式场合或书面语中表示祝愿时,常放在句首。 祝你玩得愉快! shall 在疑问句中,shall用来征询对方的 ,多用于 。 我们在6点见面好吗? 1.表示建议,意为“应该”。 你应该读这本书。 2.表示责任/义务,意为“应该”。 ① 你应该努力学习。 ② 你应该遵守交通规则。 表示意愿,意为“愿意”。在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。 你愿意关上窗户吗? would 表示“意愿”,意为“想要”。 ① 想要做某事 ② 想要某物 ① 我想要明天和你一起去学校。 ②—— ——你想要一些苹果吗? —— ——是的,我想要。/不,谢谢。 need need作情态动词,一般用于疑问句、否定句,意为“ ”。 ①need + do; ②否定 needn’t + do; ③无人称、数的变化。 ④在回答need引导的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用 ,否定回答用 。 ① 我现在需要走了。 ② 你现在不需要走。 ③ 她需要做她的家庭作业。 ④—— ——你现在需要走了吗? —— ——是的,我必须走了。/不,我不需要。 need作实义动词,意为“ ”。 ① 需要某物 ② 需要去做某事 ① 我需要一些水。 ② 我们需要去工作。 ③ 她不需要知道。 must must表示主观“ ” 否定式 表示“ ”。 ① 他必须完成他的家庭作业。 ② 你不许在这里游泳,因为这很危险。 【考点01】 should/shouldn’t的用法 1.should意为“ ”,没有人称和数的变化,其后接 。should的否定形式为 ,意为“ ”。 它的用法如下: ①表示委婉地提出意见或建议,一般意为"应该;应当"。 Eg.: 你应该多吃些健康的食品。 你们应该互相帮助。 ②表示义务、责任,也意为"应该;应当"。 Eg.: 你应当努力学习。 他应当付书钱。 ③ 表示命令和要求,语气比较强烈。 Eg.: 我们应该尊敬老师和父母。 你不应该这么粗心。 ④表示预测和可能性。 Eg.: 他可能是一位老师。 他们应该在教室里。 2. should的基本句型 肯定句/否定句:主语+ + +其他. 一般疑问句及回答:— +主语+ +其他? 肯定回答: 否定回答: 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他? Eg.:I should at first. 我应该马上做我的作业。 改为一般疑问句: 肯定回答: 否定回答: 特殊疑问句: 【考点02】must/mustn’t的用法 1.must意为“ ”表示主观上的强烈意愿或命令,强调个人主观的决定或判断。没有人称和数的变化,其后接 。其否定形式 表示“ ”,语气较为强烈。 它的用法如下: (1)must 表示主观看法,意为“必须”。 Eg: 你必须待在这里直到我回来。 我必须现在交我的作业吗? (2) must也可以表示有把握的推测,“ 一定,肯定”,用于肯定句。 Eg: The light is on, so he at home now. 灯亮着,所以他现在肯定在家。 . 你禁止玩火。 你一定不能迟到。 2. must的基本句型 肯定句/否定句:主语+ + +其他. 一般疑问句及回答:— +主语+ +其他? 肯定回答: 否定回答: 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+must+主语+动词原形+其他? Eg.:I must be home before 8 o'clock. 8点之前我必须回家 改为一般疑问句: 肯定回答: 否定回答: 特殊疑问句: (二)同步练习 一、单项选择题。 ( )1.Please don’t make so much noise. I _______hear what the speaker is saying.  A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t ( )2.You _______ drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous. A. wouldn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. mightn’t ( )3.——Do you have any plans about this summer vacation? ——I_______go to Australia for vacation, but I haven’t decided yet.  A. can’t B. must C. may ( )4. ——It nearly took me an hour to walk here. ——Have a drink, then. You_______be thirsty.  A. must B. should C. can ( )5. ——Excuse me, is this the way to the cinema? ——Sorry, I’m not sure. But it _______be.  A. mustn’t B. might C. can’t ( )6. You ________ tell him the result right away. A. should not B. should not to C. should to not D. not should ( )7.——Mom, must I stay there the whole day? ——No, you _______.You _______come back after lunch, if you like.  A. mustn’t; can     B. needn’t; must C. needn’t; may ( )8. Let’s take a bus, little children _______ tickets. A. needn’t buy B. needn’t to buy C. don’t need buy D. needn’t buying ( )9. ——Is that Lucy’s car? ——It _______be hers. She has just gone for a meeting.  A. can’t B. should C. mustn’t ( )10. ——Tom, don’t drive too fast, you _________ hit the others’ cars. ——OK. A. may B.need C. must D.have to ( )11. Mr Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning. A. mustn’t B. may C. can’t D. needn’t ( )12. ——Must I stay at home, Mum? ——No, you ______. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. may not ( )13. ——Can you go swimming with us this afternoon? ——Sorry, I can’t. I _____ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill. A. can B. may C. would D. have to ( )14. ——May I go to the cinema, Mum? ——Certainly. But you ______ be back by 11 o’clock. A. can B. may C. must D. need ( )15. In order to speak English better, we_______ be afraid of failure. A. should B.shouldn’t C. have to D. could ( )16. ——May I go out to play basketball, Dad? ——No, you ______. You must finish your homework first. A. mustn’t B. may not C. couldn’t D. needn’t ( )17. ——Where is Jack, please ? ——He _____ be in the reading room. A. can B. need C. would D. must ( )18. ——Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li? ——No, it ______ be him. Mr Li is much taller. A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t ( )19. Now most young people like shopping online because they_______ spend a lot of time going from shop to shop. A. needn’t B. can’t C.mustn’t D. shouldn’t ( )20. ——Mum, may I watch TV now? ——Sure, but you ______ help me with my housework first. A. can B. may C. must D. could ( )21. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he ______ speak it after class. A. could B. didn’t have to C. might D. shouldn’t ( )22. ——Must we hand in the papers now? ——No, you ______. A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t ( )23. John ______ go there with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure about it. A. must B. can C. will D. may ( )24. Even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem. So it ______ be very difficult. A. can B. may C. must D. need ( )25. Put on more clothes. You ______ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. would D. must ( )26. It’s still early. You ______. A. mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry ( )27. ——May I stop here? ——No, you ______. A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t ( )28. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not ( )29. ——Could I borrow your dictionary? —— Yes, of course you _______. A. might B. will C. can D. should ( )30. Peter ______ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will ( )31. Michael ______ be a policeman, for he’s much too short. A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may ( )32. ______ I know your name? A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must ( )33. You ______ be more careful next time. A. have to B. may C. must D. might ( )34. You ______ miss the lesson, though we ______ have it on Thursday. A. mustn’t; needn’t B. needn’t; mustn’t C. mustn’t; mustn’t D. needn’t; needn’t ( )35. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn’t. whose ______ it be? A. must B. may C. would D. can ( )36. What kinds of homes will we live in the future? Nobody __________ be sure, but scientists are working out new ideas now. A. will B. may C. can D. must ( )37.To keep children safe, we_______ put the things like knives medicine away in our house. A .may B. should C. can D. might ( )38. ______ you be happy! A. Might B. Must C. Wish D. May ( )39. A teacher ______ do every exercise, but a student must. A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t ( )40. The matter ______ be changed into a gas, but it _______ be heated to its boiling point. A. may; needn’t B. may; can C. mustn’t; needn’t D. can; must ( )41. Teachers and students ______ look coldly at you for a day or two, but there are friendly feelings in their hearts. A. must B. can C. may D. should ( )42. Cars and buses ______ stop when the traffic lights turn red. A. can B. need C. may D. must ( )43. ——Do you think his story ______ true? ——I don’ think so. But it sounds good. A. must be B. may be C. can be D. has to be ( )44. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You ______ cut your finger. A. need B. must C. should D. may ( )45.——How long ______ the book be kept? ——For two weeks, but you ______ return it on time. A. can; may B. may; need C. can; must D. must; need ( )46. —— May I have an apple, Mum? ——Certainly. But you ______ wash your hands first? A. may B. must C. can D. need ( )47. ——There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there. ——Really? It ______ be a fire, most probably. A. can B. ought to C. may D. must ( )48. ——Shall I tell John about the bad news? ——No, you ______. I think that will make him sad. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t ( )49. ——Could I call you by your first name? ——Yes, you ______. A. will B. could C. may D. might ( )50.——Must I hand in all my money, Mum? ——No, you _________. You can use it to buy some school things. A. mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.should ( )51. ——______ the man there be our new teacher? ——He ______ be, but I’m not sure. A. May; mustn’t B. Can; may C. Must; can’t D. Can; can’t ( )52. ——Sometime is knocking at the door. Who ______ it be? ——It ______ be Tom. He is still in the school. A. can; can’t B. can; mustn’t C. might; could D. might; may ( )53.We_______build our country into a country of peace and wealth. A .might B. should C .could ( )54.Dogs _______ run through soccer games at the park. It’s dangerous. A. should B shouldn’t C. need D. needn’t 二、用适当的情态动词填空(can, must, may, need, should或者其适当形式) 1.You leave your car here. Can’t you see the ‘No parking’ sign? 2.You finish your soup if you don’t like it. 3. this news be true? I can’t believe it. 4.—— I smoke here? ——Sorry, but we aren’t allow smoking here. 5.He be the actor, I have seen him on TV. 6.I think today’s children learn to respect their elders. 7.She swim, but I can’t. 8.She said she retire, but she was not sure. 9. The clothes washing, they look so dirty. 10.You push, there is a lot of room on the bus. 三、句型转换。 1. Should Jack drink some hot tea with honey?(作否定回答) , . 2. You should read books in a room with reading lights.(对画线部分提问) books? 3. Parents should leave their little kids at home.(改为否定句) Parents their little kids at home. 4. We should improve the environment by planting more trees. (对画线部分提问) the environment? 5. Linda should get an X-ray after she hurt her leg. (改为一般疑问句) an X-ray after she hurt her leg? 6.Must we wear school uniforms every day? 肯定回答: 肯定回答: 7.They should clean the classroom every day. (对画线部分提问) 8.He should go to see a doctor when he is ill. (改为一般疑问句) 9.Must she stay at home to take care of her mother? (作否定回答) 10.We must keep the classroom clean. (对画线部分提问) 11.Teachers should be patient with their students. (改为否定句) Teachers patient with their students. 12.She should take some medicine for her cough. (对画线部分提问) for her cough? 13.The workers must finish the work today? (改为一般疑问句) finish the work today? 14.We should protect the wild animals. (改为否定句) We protect the wild animals. 15.They must arrive at school on time. (改为一般疑问句) 16.He should practice speaking English every day. (对画线部分提问) every day? 17.Must the children go to bed early? 肯定回答: 否定回答: 18.You should read some interesting books. (对画线部分提问) 19.Students should follow the school rules. (改为否定句) Students follow the school rules. 20.She should drink enough water every day. (改为一般疑问句) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

资源预览图

语法第10讲:情态动词should 、must 的用法-2024-2025学年仁爱科普版英语七年级下册
1
语法第10讲:情态动词should 、must 的用法-2024-2025学年仁爱科普版英语七年级下册
2
语法第10讲:情态动词should 、must 的用法-2024-2025学年仁爱科普版英语七年级下册
3
相关资源
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。