Unit 5 Languages Around the World Words and Expressions 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

B1U5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD Words and Expressions 1．base vt．以……为据点；以……为基础 n.底部；根据 [佳句背诵](2020·全国Ⅲ卷写作)These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play based on the English text． 这些天，我和我的同学一起根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。 [归纳拓展] (1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上 be based on/upon...以……为基础；根据…… (2)basis n.基础；基本原则；根据；基点 on the basis of...根据……；在……的基础上 (3)basic adj.基本的；基础的；初级的；根本的 (4)based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 (5)basically adv．本质上；基本上；(口)说白了；说穿了 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·浙江卷1月)My choices _________ (base) on the lifestyle I want． ②_____ (base) on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint． ③______ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later． ④As far as I'm concerned, common hobbies are the _____ (base) of making friends． ⑤They have to have a _____ (base) understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology． (2)句式升级 The movie was based on a real-life incident．And it turned out to be a success． ⑥The movie _________________________ turned out to be a success． (过去分词短语作定语) ⑦_________________________, the movie turned out to be a success． (过去分词短语作状语) 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·浙江卷1月)My choices are based (base) on the lifestyle I want． ②Based (base) on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint． ③Basing (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later． ④As far as I'm concerned, common hobbies are the basis (base) of making friends． ⑤They have to have a basic (base) understanding of computers in order to use the advanced technology． (2)句式升级 The movie was based on a real-life incident．And it turned out to be a success． ⑥The movie based on a real-life incident turned out to be a success．(过去分词短语作定语) ⑦Based on a real-life incident, the movie turned out to be a success．(过去分词短语作状语) 2．variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 [佳句背诵]There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from． 有种类繁多的图案可供选择。 [归纳拓展] (1)各种各样的 (2)vary vi．变化 vary in sth.在(大小、形状等)方面不同；在某方面有差异 vary with...随……变化、改变 vary from...to...从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动 (3)various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的；不同的 (4)varied adj.各种各样的；形形色色的 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①After a few greetings, we talked about a variety __ topics, including our hobbies and interesting people we met． ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷听力)It was also great to work in _______ (variety) labs, such as directors, writers and so on. ③_________ (vary) of celebrations will be organised to display the agricultural harvest． ④The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages ____ (various) from 10 to 15． (2)词汇升级/句式升级 Our school has built a new stadium．It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities． ⑤Our school has built a new stadium, _____________________________________________________________．(定语从句) 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①After a few greetings, we talked about a variety of topics, including our hobbies and interesting people we met． ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷听力)It was also great to work in various (variety) labs, such as directors, writers and so on. ③Varieties (vary) of celebrations will be organised to display the agricultural harvest． ④The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages vary (various) from 10 to 15． (2)词汇升级/句式升级 Our school has built a new stadium．It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities． ⑤Our school has built a new stadium, which has various/varieties of/a variety of well-equipped facilities．(定语从句) Tips: a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 3．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi．主修；专门研究 [佳句背诵](2020·全国Ⅰ卷写作)In fact, he inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world． 事实上，他鼓励我在大学主修英语专业，做中国与世界之间的桥梁。 [归纳拓展] (1)major in...主修……；以……为专业 (2)majority n.大多数；大半 a/the majority of...大多数…… in the/a majority 占多数 (3)minority n.少数 in the/a minority 占少数 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①The majority of the land __________________ (destroy) so far． ②Some of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays ____ (be) really funny． ③I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major __ the gardening after attending college． (2)完成句子 ④When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect ____________________________． 当我有不同意见时，我可能选择放弃，尊重大多数人的意见。 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①The majority of the land has been destroyed (destroy) so far． ②Some of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays were (be) really funny． ③I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major in the gardening after attending college． (2)完成句子 ④When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinions of the majority． 当我有不同意见时，我可能选择放弃，尊重大多数人的意见。 Tips: the majority of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；后接集合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数形式，若集合名词考虑个体，则谓语动词用复数形式。 4．means n.方式；方法；途径 [佳句背诵]The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment． 生活质量提高了，看电影被认为是一种很好的娱乐方式。 [归纳拓展] by this means用这种方法 by means of通过；用；借助于 by no means决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子部分倒装) by all means (用于交际英语中表示同意)当然可以；没问题；务必 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2021·全国乙卷)Plastic straws are __ no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution... ②(2020·江苏卷)—Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing? —By ___ means．He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty． ③Students sometimes support themselves by means __ doing part-time jobs． ④Every possible means ___ (have) been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear． (2)同义句转换 The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought． ⑤By no means ______________ as simple as we first thought． 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①(2021·全国乙卷)Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution... ②(2020·江苏卷)—Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing? —By all means．He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty． ③Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing part-time jobs． ④Every possible means has (have) been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear． (2)同义句转换 The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought． ⑤By no means is the problem as simple as we first thought． Tips: means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 5．appreciate vt．欣赏；重视；感激；领会；理解 vi．增值 [佳句背诵]What we appreciated most was that you had a strong teamwork spirit． 我们最欣赏的是你们有很强的团队精神。 [归纳拓展] (1)appreciate＋名词/代词/动词-ing形式 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激。 (2)appreciation n.欣赏；感激 express one's appreciation to sb.for sth.对某人因为某事表达感激之情 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Here I sincerely express my ____________ (appreciate) to you for your help with my English． ②I really appreciate __ if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent． ③I appreciate ___________ (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago． ④I'd appreciate your _______ (write) me back at your earliest convenience． (2)一句多译 如果你能考虑我的建议，我将感激不尽。 ⑤____________________ you could take my suggestions into consideration.(appreciate) ⑥________________ you could take my advice into account． (grateful) 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) to you for your help with my English． ②I really appreciate it if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent． ③I appreciate being given (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago． ④I'd appreciate your writing (write) me back at your earliest convenience． (2)一句多译 如果你能考虑我的建议，我将感激不尽。 ⑤I'd appreciate it if you could take my suggestions into consideration.(appreciate) ⑥I'd be grateful if you could take my advice into account．(grateful) Tips: appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动词-ing形式作宾语。当appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。 6．struggle n.& vi．斗争；奋斗；搏斗 [佳句背诵]But the proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way．”reminded me that the path to success was not always smooth and encouraged me to struggle on. 但是“有志者事竟成”这句谚语提醒我成功的道路并不总是平坦的，并鼓励我继续奋斗。 [归纳拓展] struggle for...为……而斗争 struggle with/against...与……做斗争 struggle to do sth.努力做某事，挣扎着做某事 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·北京卷)Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle ___ a take-along option. ②We have to struggle ____________ all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad for freedom． ③Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled _______ (lead) an active life． ④The children talked so loudly at the dinner table that I had to struggle ___________ (hear)． ⑤He struggled __ his feet and tried to switch on the light． (2)句式升级 Mary had struggled for months to find a job, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency． ⑥_________________________________________, Mary finally took a position at a local advertising agency．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①(2022·北京卷)Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. ②We have to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad for freedom． ③Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to lead (lead) an active life． ④The children talked so loudly at the dinner table that I had to struggle to be heard (hear)． ⑤He struggled to his feet and tried to switch on the light． (2)句式升级 Mary had struggled for months to find a job, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency． ⑥Having struggled for months to find a job, Mary finally took a position at a local advertising agency．(动词-ing形式短语作状语) 7．equal n.同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的 vt．比得上；敌得过 [佳句背诵]For another, be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal to your physical health． 其次，要积极向上、心情愉快，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。 [归纳拓展] (1)equal sth./sb.(in...)(在……方面) 比得上某物/某人；(在……方面)与某物/某人匹敌/相等 (2)be equal to sth./doing sth.与……相等/能胜任做某事 (3)without (an) equal无人可比的 (4)equality n.相等；平等 (5)equally adv．同样地；平等地 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Any man will be equal __ the task, so long as he is careful．You should give it a try． ②No one equals him __ courage, about which everyone knows． ③She supported ________ (equal) between men and women. ④(2022·全国乙卷)Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides _______ (equal) contact (联系) and share with one another． (2)一句多译 尽管约翰很年轻，但是他却能胜任这项重要的工作。 ⑤Young as he was, John ____________ the important task．(equal) ⑥Although he was young, John ___________ the important task．(fit) ⑦Young as he was, John _________________ the important task．(qualified) 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①Any man will be equal to the task, so long as he is careful．You should give it a try． ②No one equals him in courage, about which everyone knows． ③She supported equality (equal) between men and women. ④(2022·全国乙卷)Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally (equal) contact (联系) and share with one another． (2)一句多译 尽管约翰很年轻，但是他却能胜任这项重要的工作。 ⑤Young as he was, John was equal to the important task．(equal) ⑥Although he was young, John was fit for the important task．(fit) ⑦Young as he was, John was qualified for the important task．(qualified) 8．demand n.要求；需求 vt．强烈要求；需要 vi．查问 [佳句背诵]With the growth of China's economy and improvement of people's living standards, the demand for the service industries has correspondingly risen. 随着中国经济的增长和人民生活水平的提高，对服务业的需求相应增加。 [归纳拓展] (1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求 (2)demand to do sth.要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth.要求……做某事 (3)demanding adj.要求高的 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2020·浙江卷7月)Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激), _________ (demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests． ②My father came down and demanded _______ (know) what was going on. ③The boss demanded that everyone _______________ (attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow． ④His novels have been __ great demand in this city since he won the Nobel Prize for Literature． (2)同义句转换 The teacher demanded to be given my parents' telephone number． ⑤The teacher demanded that he/she _________________ my parents' telephone number． 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①(2020·浙江卷7月)Those who had held mentally stimulating (刺激), demanding (demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests． ②My father came down and demanded to know (know) what was going on. ③The boss demanded that everyone (should) attend (attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow． ④His novels have been in great demand in this city since he won the Nobel Prize for Literature． (2)同义句转换 The teacher demanded to be given my parents' telephone number． ⑤The teacher demanded that he/she (should) be given my parents' telephone number． Tips: demand只能用于demand to do sth., 不能用于demand sb.to do sth.。有类似用法的动词还有： hope, refuse, agree等。 9．refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 [佳句背诵]He had been well prepared for his speech so that he didn't refer to his notes while delivering his speech． 他已经为他的演讲做了充分的准备，所以他在演讲时没有看笔记。 [归纳拓展] (1)refer vi．提到；参考；查阅 vt．查询；叫……求助于 refer to...as...把……称作…… refer...to...把……提交给……；让(人)参考…… (2)reference n.谈到；提及；参考；查阅；指称关系 in/with reference to 关于 [学以致用] (1)写出下列句中refer to的含义 ①These books refer to Asian problems． ____ ②She referred to the last page of the book for answers． ____ ③I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young man. ______ ④(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“Big change requires big ideas，”he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety． ____ (2)完成句子 ⑤__________________________________, I want to give you some suggestions and hope that they will be helpful to you． 关于餐桌礼仪，我想给你一些建议，希望对你有帮助。 (1)写出下列句中refer to的含义 ①These books refer to Asian problems． 描述 ②She referred to the last page of the book for answers． 查阅 ③I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young man. 指的是 ④(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“Big change requires big ideas，”he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety． 提到 (2)完成句子 ⑤In/With reference to table manners, I want to give you some suggestions and hope that they will be helpful to you． 关于餐桌礼仪，我想给你一些建议，希望对你有帮助。 Tips: (1)refer的过去式、过去分词和动词-ing形式都要先双写“r”，再加“-ed”或“-ing”。类似的动词还有prefer。 (2)refer to表示“查阅”时，后接词典、参考书等；look up表示“查阅”时，后接要查阅的具体内容。 10．date back (to...)(＝date from)追溯到……；始于 [佳句背诵]Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history dating back to more than 1，000 years ago． 中国的饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。 [归纳拓展] out of date过时的；陈旧的 up to date最新式的；现代的 to date/so far 迄今；至今；到目前为止 fix/set a date for...确定……的日期 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①My interest in stamp collection _____ (date) back to my schooldays． ②______ (date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of Changchun City． ③Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up __ date with modern technology． ④As far as I know, they have set the date ___ the meeting． (2)句式升级 The festival is held in November every year．It dates back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn. ⑤The festival, _______________________________ to celebrate the harvest in autumn, is held in November every year．(动词-ing形式短语作定语) 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①My interest in stamp collection dates (date) back to my schooldays． ②Dating (date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of Changchun City． ③Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up to date with modern technology． ④As far as I know, they have set the date for the meeting． (2)句式升级 The festival is held in November every year．It dates back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn. ⑤The festival, dating back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn, is held in November every year．(动词-ing形式短语作定语) Tips: date back to/date from常用于一般现在时，不用于被动语态。常用其动词-ing形式作后置定语。 11．be＋of＋抽象名词 [佳句背诵](2021·全国甲卷写作)Furthermore, guzheng is of great significance to Chinese folk music leading you to a fantastic world of music． 此外，古筝对中国民族音乐也有很重要的意义，它带领你进入一个美妙的音乐世界。 [归纳拓展] (1)be of use/importance/significance/help/value/benefit/...＝be useful/important/significant/helpful/valuable/beneficial/... (这些抽象名词前还可用形容词great, little, some, any, much, no来修饰说明其程度。) (2)be of...colour/age/size/height/weight/shape/type/kind/...(这类名词前常用different, the same, this, that等词来修饰或说明。) (3)be of...quality/character/feature/... (这类名词前常用good, bad, nice, fine, serious等词来修饰或说明。) [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①Your suggestions on how to solve the problem are very ______ (use) to us． ②The “Foreign Culture”section in our newspaper is __ great popularity among us students． (2)同义句转换 His opinion is considered to be very valuable． ③His opinion is considered to be ______________． A harmonious family is of benefit to a child's personal development． ④A harmonious family ________________ a child's personal development． 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①Your suggestions on how to solve the problem are very useful (use) to us． ②The “Foreign Culture”section in our newspaper is of great popularity among us students． (2)同义句转换 His opinion is considered to be very valuable． ③His opinion is considered to be of great value． A harmonious family is of benefit to a child's personal development． ④A harmonious family is beneficial to a child's personal development． 12．the＋比较级..., the＋比较级... [佳句背诵]Education is about learning, and the more you learn, the more you will prepare for your life． 教育就是学习，你学的知识越多，你对于生活的准备就越充分。 [归纳拓展] “the＋比较级..., the＋比较级...”结构用法如下： (1)意为“越……，就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。 (2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句。 (3)本结构可以用省略形式。 [学以致用] (1)单句语法填空 ①The more you practise, the better you __________ (speak) English． ②(2021·全国甲卷)And the more we look, the ____ (much) we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius． (2)完成句子 ③________ you know about our traditional culture, ________ you are interested in it． 你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。 ④The more learned a man is, _____________________________． 一个人越有学问，就往往越谦虚。 答案(1)单句语法填空 ①The more you practise, the better you will speak (speak) English． ②(2021·全国甲卷)And the more we look, the more (much) we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius． (2)完成句子 ③The more you know about our traditional culture, the more you are interested in it． 你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。 ④The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually is． 一个人越有学问，就往往越谦虚。 题目：七选五 How to Show Emotions If anyone has ever told you to “open up more” or “show some emotions”， you may wonder what they really meant．It's easy for us to get caught up in our own little worlds and hide what we're feeling from other people． 1 ．But if you can open up more to others, you'll see how rewarding it is to connect on a deeper level． 2 ．Relax and think through your feelings as they come to you．Whenever you feel something, take a second to sit with what you're feeling．Think about how you feel and let the emotion wash over you naturally．Name your emotions as they come to you．Giving your feeling a name makes it easier to understand．Once you're comfortable with a feeling, give the emotion a name．Are you anxious about something? If you don't feel anything particularly moving, are you bored, or content? This process will make you more self­aware． 3 ． Maintain a journal for your feelings．One way to help you to open up emotionally to others is to keep a daily journal． 4 ．Every day, write down a paragraph or two about your day and how it makes you feel．This will help you track your feelings over time and put you more in tune with yourself． Engage in fun activities to share experiences with others．Do things you enjoy with people you love to share positive emotions．Dedicate one night a week to go out and grab dinner with your family． 5 ， or go on a 20­minute walk every day．Being emotionally available and sharing how you feel is a lot easier when you have fun with the people you care about． A．Push yourself to share every day B．Take a minute to process emotions C．Take a cooking class with your partner D．Open up and get used to sharing how you feel E．It will also help you express what you're feeling F．Treat it as a special space for you to open up and be honest G．Sometimes, we don't even realise we're being guarded or hiding our feelings 题目：七选五 答案：1～5　GBEFC 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$