UNIT 1 Section 4 Focus on Language：Past Perfect(Word教参)-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

Section 4　 Focus on Language：Past Perfect 课时目标 1.掌握过去完成时的用法，并学会在语境中灵活运用。 2.区分一般过去时和过去完成时以及现在完成时和过去完成时，并掌握与它们连用的一些时间状语。 语境中体悟　 Pulitzer quickly became① a successful journalist and by the age of 25， he had become② a publisher. In 1878， he founded③ the newspaper the St Louis PostDispatch. Pulitzer worked④ tirelessly， from early morning until midnight. His paper published⑤ articles about politics and social issues. Sales of the newspaper shot⑥ up. In 1883， Pulitzer bought⑦ the New York World. He used⑧ the same business strategy he had employed⑨ at the St Louis PostDispatch and sales of the newspaper mounted up until it was the best-selling newspaper in the country. [语法入门] ①③④⑤⑥⑦⑧处都是一般过去时，其中③⑦处分别和表示过去的时间状语In 1878、In 1883连用； ②⑨处都是过去完成时，其中②处的时间状语是by the age of 25。 学案中理清　 一、过去完成时的概念、构成与用法 (一)概念 过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，它强调对过去的某一动作造成的某种影响或结果。 The film had begun before we got to the cinema. 我们到达电影院之前，电影已经开始了。 (二)构成 肯定式 had＋过去分词 否定式 had not/never/hardly＋过去分词 疑问式 had (not)＋主语＋过去分词 被动式 had been＋过去分词 The class had begun when I got to school. 我到学校时，课已经开始了。 She had never tried to put this feeling into words. 她从未试图把这种感情说出来。 Had he finished his housework by the time you got to his house？ 你到他家的时候他已经做完家务了吗？ The work had been done before you came. 这项工作在你来之前就被做完了。 (三)用法 1．表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。 句中常用by引导的时间状语从句或以 before、until、when、than等词引导的状语从句。 By 5：00 yesterday morning we had done that work. 到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那项工作。 He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office. 老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。 They came earlier than we had expected. 他们来得比我们预料的要早。 |图解助记| 2．表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就已开始，一直持续到这一过去时间，还可能持续下去。 Up to that time all had gone well. 直到那时一切都很顺利。 John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage. 约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。 3．表示一种未实现的愿望或想法，通常适用的动词有want、think、hope、plan、mean、expect、intend、suppose等。 I had meant to come， but something happened. 我原本打算来的，但发生了一些事情。 I had intended to call on you， but it rained heavily. 我本打算去看你的，但雨下得太大了。 4．用于对过去情况进行假设的虚拟语气的从句中，主要用在if引导的表示与过去事实相反的条件句以及wish、as if引导的从句中。 If she had worked hard， she would have succeeded. 要是她努力的话，她就会成功了。(事实上她没努力，也没成功。) I wish I had gone with you to the concert. 我要是和你一起去音乐会就好了。 The two strangers talked as if they had been good friends for many years. 那两个陌生人交谈起来就像是多年的好朋友。 5．当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时，如told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她以前看过这部电影。 6．用于固定句式 (1)过去完成时常用在hardly/scarcely/barely ... when ...、no sooner ... than ... 等句式中，表示“一……就……”。主句通常用过去完成时，而从句则通常用一般过去时。(hardly、scarcely、no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装) Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。 (2)“This/That/It was the first (second .../last，next) time＋that ...”句型中，从句一般用过去完成时。 It was the third time that she had come to this mountain village to see the children. 这是她第三次来这个山村看望孩子们了。 (3)在“It was/had been＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，从句一般用过去完成时。 It was at least three months since I had left Beijing. 我离开北京至少有3个月了。 [对点练] (1)单句语法填空 ①(2025·浙江1月高考写作)Kevin followed out and told the arriving police officers what had happened (happen)． ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help， everything had gone (go) smoothly. ③He had learned (learn) a lot before he was 10 years old. ④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)When I finally finished it， the thought of winning had given (give) way to the enjoyment of writing. ⑤It was the third time that he had told (tell) me to pay attention to my handwriting. ⑥Hardly had I opened the door when he cried (cry) out my name. (2)完成句子 ⑦By the end of the day， most of the inhabitants had left their homes. 到这一天结束的时候，大部分居民已经离开他们的家园。 ⑧(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I told him where I was going， but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station. 我告诉他我要去哪里，但他说他没听说过那个汽车站。 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别　 时态 相同点 不同点 一般过去时 含有表示过去的时间状语 动作发生在过去，常有具体的表示过去的时间状语 过去完成时 动作发生在“过去的过去”，含不具体的表示过去的时间状语 Alex came to London three years ago. 亚历克斯是三年前来伦敦的。 Alex had been in London for over three years by the time he finished his studies. 亚历克斯结束他的学业的时候，已经在伦敦待了超过三年了。 |图解助记| |名师点津|　过去完成时不能单独出现，它必须有一个过去的时间作参照点，而一般过去时则可以独立使用。 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①He had worked on a farm for 10 years before he became the manager of the company. 在成为公司经理之前，他在农场工作过10年。 ②He once worked on a farm for 10 years， and now he is the manager of the company. 他在农场工作过10年，现在是这家公司的经理。 三、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别　 时态 相同点 不同点 现在完成时 动作都发生 在过去 以“现在”作为时间参照来谈论过去 过去完成时 以“过去”作为时间参照来谈论更远的过去 I have lived in Thailand for five years. 我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时到现在这个时间有5年了) I had lived in Thailand for five years before I went to China. 在去中国之前，我已经在泰国住了五年了。(从过去某时到去中国那个时间点有5年了) |图解助记| [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①Up to now， he has starred (star) in five famous films. ②The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained (remain) around that level ever since. ③When I got to school I found that my classmates had left (leave)． ④I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started (start) when I arrived. [随堂应用体验] 用所给词的适当形式填空 When the Titanic was built， people thought it would never sink. So， when it ①sank (sink) on its first journey， the news surprised everyone greatly. The Titanic set sail from England on April 10，1912. On the fifth day of its voyage， when it ②was sailing (sail) at full speed towards New York， it hit an iceberg. The captain， who ③had received (receive) warnings about icebergs， ④dismissed (dismiss) the warnings as they arrived. At 2：20 a．m.， the Titanic sank into the sea. It ⑤had hit (hit) an iceberg just over two hours before the disaster. More than 1，500 people lost their lives， and only 710 people ⑥survived (survive). Explorer Robert Ballard ⑦searched/had searched (search) for the Titanic for years before he found it. With his cameras， Robert managed to get photos of the holes along the side of the ship which ⑧had caused (cause) it to sink. [课时检测] 第Ⅰ卷　语法强化训练 (一)单句语法填空(共11空，22分) (1)It was the first time that he had met (meet) so strange a man. (2)The big fire had been put (put) out when they got home. (3)The old oak tree which had stood (stand) in the yard for 300 years， suddenly fell. (4)Before she came to China， Grace had taught/taught (teach) English in a middle school for about five years. (5)I had hoped (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage， but I couldn't manage it. (6)He entered (enter) the room， turned on the light and read an evening paper. (7)It was really tiresome! As soon as I put (put) the phone down it rang again. (8)Well， they wanted to do something useful. Soon， however， they realized what they had undertaken (undertake)． (9)He hesitated and then said he had decided (decide) not to run. (10)He turned (turn) to his friends to take him in because he had lost (lose) his wallet and had nowhere to go. (二)完成句子(16分) (11)By the time I got to the station， the train had already left. 我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。 (12)I met Tom yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing. 我昨天遇见汤姆了。自从他去北京后我们一直没有见过面。 (13)It was the first time that I had been in a foreign country. 那是我第一次到国外。 (14)When I got to the theatre， I found the tickets had been sold out. 当我到达戏院时，我发现票已经卖完了。 (15)They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time. 他们本来想要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到这儿。 (16)It was three years since he had left his grandfather. 他离开他的祖父已有三年了。 (17)I wished that I hadn't written that article. 我希望我从未写过那篇文章。 (18)No sooner had I sat down than there was a loud knock on the door. 我刚坐下就有人大声敲门。 第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练 (标语篇配有教师讲评课件) (一)阅读理解 When you set a foot outside of your door to drop trash， go to a social event or go for a walk， thoughts like “I hope I don't see anyone I know” or “please don't talk to me” may run through your mind. I've also said such things to myself. Sometimes the last thing you want to do is to talk with someone， especially someone new. Why do we go out of our ways to avoid people？ Do we think meeting new people is a waste of time？ Or are we just lazy， thinking that meeting someone new really is a trouble？ Communication is the key to life. We have been told that many times. Take the past generations， like our parents， for example. They seem to take full advantage of that whole “communication” idea because they grew up talking face to face while Generation-Y grew up staring at screens. We spend hours of our days browsing websites. We send messages to our friends and think about all of the things we want to say to certain people that we don't have the courage to do in reality. Nowadays， we are so caught up in our little circle of friends — our comfort zone. We love it that they laugh at our jokes， understand our feelings and can read our minds. Most importantly， they know when we want to be alone. They just get us. Holding a conversation with someone new means agreeing with things that you don't really believe and being someone you think they want you to be — it is， as I said before， a trouble. It takes up so much energy， and at some point or another， it is too tiring. But meeting new people is important. Life is too short， so meet all the people you can meet， make the effort to go out and laugh. Remember， every “hello” leads to a smile — and a smile is worth a lot. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章分析了为什么年轻人不喜欢结交新朋友，并鼓励人们认识新朋友。 1．What do we learn about the author？ A．He likes to meet someone new. B．He feels stressed out lately. C．He's active in attending social events. D．He used to be afraid of talking to others. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I've also said such things to myself.”可知，作者过去害怕和别人说话。 2．What's the problem of Generation-Y in the author's eyes？ A．They rely on the Internet to socialize. B．They are less confident in themselves. C．They have difficulty in communicating. D．They are unwilling to make new friends. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We spend hours of ...don't have the courage to do in reality.”可知，作者认为，Y一代依靠互联网进行社交。 3．Why do many young people avoid meeting new people？ A．They think it troublesome. B．They are busy with their study. C．They fear to disappoint their friends. D．They want to do meaningful work. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Holding a conversation with ...as I said before， a trouble.”可知，许多年轻人不愿结识新朋友的原因是他们认为这很麻烦。 4．Why does the author write the text？ A．To stress the importance of friends. B．To give tips on how to meet new people. C．To encourage people to meet new people. D．To display the disadvantages of Generation-Y. 解析：选C　写作意图题。根据最后一段中的“But meeting new people is important ...to go out and laugh.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们认识新朋友。 (二)语法填空(15分)() My experience of teaching students was a wonderful adventure. I had to deal with various challenges again and again. The 5 (great) part of it was the relationship I developed with two students. One of the students was Michael， 6 I met when I was working for a kindergarten. Before I became a morning bus assistant， I 7 (hear) that Michael was a student who would always shout， stand up on the bus， make fun 8 other students， and distract the bus driver. So I decided that each morning， 9 he got on the bus， I'd have Michael sit beside me. At first he didn't like this idea. But soon he settled down， 10 (know) he had no choice. I began to talk to him about little things outside of school life， such as his weekend 11 (activity) and things that he liked to do. I also listened 12 (close) to him. As I gave Michael the attention that he needed， little by little， he began to behave better and better. Another student I took a special interest in was a boy 13 (name) Tony， a third grader. To some degree， Tony seemed to be a slow or passive learner. So I decided to see if I could find a way to encourage Tony 14 (stay) at the task. Before long， he was paying more attention to his studies and scored high in all tests. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名老师如何纠正学生不懂礼貌、不守纪律等行为以及鼓励学习有困难的学生的故事。 5．greatest　考查形容词最高级。根据语境及空前的“The”可知，此处表示“最好的一部分”，应用形容词最高级。 6．whom/who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Michael，并在从句中作宾语，故用whom/who。 7．had heard　考查动词时态。根据语境可知，hear这一动作发生在became之前，即过去的过去，故用过去完成时。 8．of　考查介词。make fun of意为“取笑”，为固定搭配。 9．when　考查状语从句。空处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。 10．knowing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处know与主语he之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作伴随状语，应用v.-ing 形式。 11．activities　考查名词复数。activity为可数名词，根据空后的“things”可知，此处与之并列，应用复数形式。 12．closely　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词listened。 13．named　考查非谓语动词。boy与name在逻辑上是被动关系，所以应用v.-ed形式作后置定语。 14．to stay　考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定用法。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$