Unit 1 Period 5 Cultural focus（分层作业）英语沪教版2020选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 Period 5 Cultural focus分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.从长远来看 2.促成因素 3.超重 4.结果；因此 5.多于；超过 6.至少 7.忙于做某事 8.放弃 9.开始做某事 10.看一看；审视 11.花费时间做某事 12.有影响；起作用 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1.The doctor warned that a high intake of junk food could lead to (肥胖) in children.​ 2.He has been trying to lose weight because he is (超重的) and often feels tired.​ 3.This drink contains a lot of (卡路里), so it’s not good for people on a diet.​ 4.They moved to the (郊区) to enjoy a quieter life away from the city center.​ 5.A survey shows that most (青少年) spend more time on their phones than reading books.​ 6.Eating too much (快餐) may cause health problems if not balanced with vegetables and fruits. 三、单句语法填空。 1.Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the ______(consume) of processed foods among young people. 2.Those who lead ______(inactive) lifestyles are more likely to suffer from chronic diseases. 3.The rapid spread of the virus led to a serious ______(epidemic) in the region last year. 4.She ______(schedule) her daily activities carefully to balance work and exercise. 5.The new policy is expected to ______(affect) the way people choose their daily diets. 6.Fast-food chains began ______(superize) their portions in the 1990s to meet customers’ demands. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.从长远来看，健康的饮食习惯会对人们的生活产生积极影响。 In the long run, healthy eating habits will ________________________. 2.快餐的普及是导致青少年超重的一个重要促成因素。 The popularity of fast food is an important contributing factor to ________________________. 3.医生建议，青少年不应花太多时间沉迷电子屏幕，而应多参与户外活动。 Doctors suggest that teenagers shouldn’t ________________________ on electronic screens but take more part in outdoor activities. 4.即使面临困难，坚持锻炼也会在改善体能方面起到作用。 Sticking to exercise will ________________________ in improving physical fitness even when facing difficulties. 5.让我们审视一下导致这种健康问题流行的各种原因。 Let’s ________________________ the various reasons for the epidemic of this health problem. 6.忙于工作的人们常常选择快餐，结果忽视了饮食的营养均衡。 People ________________________ often choose fast food, and as a result, they ignore the nutritional balance of their diet. 五、语法填空 Aimed at achieving near-complete service availability by June 2025, China is 1 (active) promoting the establishment of weight management clinics in qualified hospitals nationwide, 2 (mark) the launch of the “Weight Management Year” initiative (倡议) with the call of “The country is inviting you to lose weight”. The statement, jointly 3 (release) by China’s National Health Commission (NHC) and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, noted that the initiative will cover all general hospitals, children’s hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine hospitals under these two authorities, as well as those under provincial-level governments in China. So far major hospitals 4 (urge) to set up obesity (肥胖) prevention and control centers. These centers aim 5 (provide) in-patient weight management services. Healthcare institutions at the primary level should both provide education, follow-up and health management services, 6 improve the shift processes, the statement said. Hospitals are also encouraged to adopt 7 integrated approach using Internet technologies, AI and wearable devices to improve 8 (they) services, the statement added. According to the statement, these weight management clinics will follow classified management. They will offer 9 (thought) and personalized services to key groups such as the elderly, children, and patients with long-term illnesses to better serve them in providing targeted healthcare. This push responds to an alarming fact: Over 50% of Chinese adults and nearly 20% of children and young people aged 6-17 are overweight, 10 raises risks of diabetes (糖尿病) and heart diseases. 6、 阅读理解 （24-25高二下·山东临沂·阶段练习）When artificial sweeteners entered the U. S. market in the 1950s, food manufacturers(生产商) made a big claim that they could satisfy the American sweet tooth without the negative health effects — and calories — of sugar. Today, artificial sweeteners and other sugar substitutes (代糖) have become common in the food supply, showing up in many products including diet sodas, sliced bread and low-sugar yogurts — not to mention your morning coffee. In one 2022 review of 12 clinical trials, most lasting six months or less, researchers concluded that substituting sugar-sweetened drinks with low-or no-calorie sweetened drinks could lead to some weight loss — about two to three pounds, on average — in adults who are overweight and who have (or are at risk for) diabetes (糖尿病). But longer-term studies on sugar substitutes have found no weight loss benefits, and even some harms. For this reason, the World Health Organization recommended in 2023 that people avoid using sugar substitutes for weight control or better health,citing research that linked them to greater risks of health concerns like Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity (肥胖) and earlier death. Enough research has raised concerns about sugar substitutes. Too much sugar, on the other hand, is unquestionably harmful to health, Dr. Eran Elinav said, with research linking it to greater risks of Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and obesity. The American Heart Association recommends that women consume no more than 25 grams of sugar per day, and men no more than 36 grams per day. A 12-ounce can of Coca-Cola contains 39 grams of sugar. Given those known harms, it’s better to choose artificially sweetened drinks like diet sodas over regular ones if you drink them every day, Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian said. But, he added, the goal is to reduce your consumption of both over the long term. Dr. Maya Vadiveloo agreed, recommending ways to gradually reduce both added sugars and sugar substitutes in your diet. “To cut back on regular or diet sodas, you might try seltzer (塞尔兹碳酸水) sweetened with a small amount of fruit juice,” she said. “Or instead of buying sweetened yogurt, try topping plain yogurt with fruit and a little honey.” 1．What did the U. S. food manufacturers mean by their claim? A．Americans’ love for sweets would not weaken. B．Artificial sweeteners would replace sugar soon. C．Sugar substitutes could contribute to daily energy needs. D．Artificial sweeteners had no harmful effects on human health. 2．What did the World Health Organization recommend in 2023? A．Not using sugar substitutes for weight loss. B．Including more overweight adults in future clinical trials. C．Conducting long-term studies on sugar substitutes. D．Having no-calorie drinks instead of sugar-sweetened drinks. 3．Why does the author mention Coca-Cola in paragraph 5? A．To indicate it is closely related to many diseases. B．To reveal it is one of the most popular drinks in the U. S. C．To prove men consume more Coca-Cola than women daily. D．To illustrate the high sugar content in regular drinks. 4．What do Dr. Vadiveloo’s words in the last paragraph show? A．Her interests. B．Her concerns. C．Her suggestions. D．Her expectations. 七、完形填空 （21-22高二上·全国·假期作业）There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the 1 thing is that the French, who consume rich food, tend to stay thin. Now a 2 by Cornell University points out 3 lifestyle and decisions about 4 may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel 5 . However, Americans tend to stop when their 6 are empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating 7 an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore spend a very 8 time at the table, while Americans see eating as anything to be squeezed in between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans 9 the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and 10 foods for the week. The French, 11 , tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruit, vegetables rich in fiber, and eggs as well as high-quality meat for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to 12 about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid 13 . Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent lifestyle 14 may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity(肥胖)—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains 15 and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing. 1．A．formal B．strange C．natural D．modern 2．A．novel B．study C．strategy D．newspaper 3．A．that B．what C．where D．when 4．A．working B．living C．eating D．studying 5．A．sensitive B．full C．happy D．annoyed 6．A．pockets B．refrigerators C．houses D．plates 7．A．as B．into C．inside D．to 8．A．long B．short C．exciting D．fast 9．A．bring B．lose C．get D．receive 10．A．frozen B．cool C．warm D．hot 11．A．therefore B．instead C．meanwhile D．consequently 12．A．write B．read C．speak D．think 13．A．fruit B．oil C．food D．egg 14．A．examples B．changes C．designs D．stories 15．A．failure B．success C．confidence D．acceptance $$Unit 1 Period 5 Cultural focus分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.从长远来看 2.促成因素 3.超重 4.结果；因此 5.多于；超过 6.至少 7.忙于做某事 8.放弃 9.开始做某事 10.看一看；审视 11.花费时间做某事 12.有影响；起作用 【答案】 1.in the long run 2.contributing factor 3.be overweight 4.as a result 5.more than 6.at least 7.be busy (in) doing sth 8.give up 9.start to do sth 10.take a look at 11.spend time (in) doing sth 12.make a difference 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1.The doctor warned that a high intake of junk food could lead to (肥胖) in children.​ 2.He has been trying to lose weight because he is (超重的) and often feels tired.​ 3.This drink contains a lot of (卡路里), so it’s not good for people on a diet.​ 4.They moved to the (郊区) to enjoy a quieter life away from the city center.​ 5.A survey shows that most (青少年) spend more time on their phones than reading books.​ 6.Eating too much (快餐) may cause health problems if not balanced with vegetables and fruits. 【答案】1.obesity​ 2.overweight​ 3.calorie​ 4.suburb​ 5.teenager​ 6.fast-food 三、单句语法填空。 1.Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the ______(consume) of processed foods among young people. 2.Those who lead ______(inactive) lifestyles are more likely to suffer from chronic diseases. 3.The rapid spread of the virus led to a serious ______(epidemic) in the region last year. 4.She ______(schedule) her daily activities carefully to balance work and exercise. 5.The new policy is expected to ______(affect) the way people choose their daily diets. 6.Fast-food chains began ______(superize) their portions in the 1990s to meet customers’ demands. 【答案】 1.consumption 2.inactive 3.epidemic 4.schedules 5.affect 6.supersizing 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.从长远来看，健康的饮食习惯会对人们的生活产生积极影响。 In the long run, healthy eating habits will ________________________. 2.快餐的普及是导致青少年超重的一个重要促成因素。 The popularity of fast food is an important contributing factor to ________________________. 3.医生建议，青少年不应花太多时间沉迷电子屏幕，而应多参与户外活动。 Doctors suggest that teenagers shouldn’t ________________________ on electronic screens but take more part in outdoor activities. 4.即使面临困难，坚持锻炼也会在改善体能方面起到作用。 Sticking to exercise will ________________________ in improving physical fitness even when facing difficulties. 5.让我们审视一下导致这种健康问题流行的各种原因。 Let’s ________________________ the various reasons for the epidemic of this health problem. 6.忙于工作的人们常常选择快餐，结果忽视了饮食的营养均衡。 People ________________________ often choose fast food, and as a result, they ignore the nutritional balance of their diet. 【答案】 1.make a positive difference to people’s lives 2.teenagers being overweight 3.spend too much time (in) indulging 4.make a difference 5.take a look at 6.who are busy (in) working 五、语法填空 Aimed at achieving near-complete service availability by June 2025, China is 1 (active) promoting the establishment of weight management clinics in qualified hospitals nationwide, 2 (mark) the launch of the “Weight Management Year” initiative (倡议) with the call of “The country is inviting you to lose weight”. The statement, jointly 3 (release) by China’s National Health Commission (NHC) and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, noted that the initiative will cover all general hospitals, children’s hospitals and traditional Chinese medicine hospitals under these two authorities, as well as those under provincial-level governments in China. So far major hospitals 4 (urge) to set up obesity (肥胖) prevention and control centers. These centers aim 5 (provide) in-patient weight management services. Healthcare institutions at the primary level should both provide education, follow-up and health management services, 6 improve the shift processes, the statement said. Hospitals are also encouraged to adopt 7 integrated approach using Internet technologies, AI and wearable devices to improve 8 (they) services, the statement added. According to the statement, these weight management clinics will follow classified management. They will offer 9 (thought) and personalized services to key groups such as the elderly, children, and patients with long-term illnesses to better serve them in providing targeted healthcare. This push responds to an alarming fact: Over 50% of Chinese adults and nearly 20% of children and young people aged 6-17 are overweight, 10 raises risks of diabetes (糖尿病) and heart diseases. 【答案】 1． actively 2．marking 3．released 4．have been urged 5．to provide 6．and 7．an 8．their 9．thoughtful 10．Which 6、 阅读理解 （24-25高二下·山东临沂·阶段练习）When artificial sweeteners entered the U. S. market in the 1950s, food manufacturers(生产商) made a big claim that they could satisfy the American sweet tooth without the negative health effects — and calories — of sugar. Today, artificial sweeteners and other sugar substitutes (代糖) have become common in the food supply, showing up in many products including diet sodas, sliced bread and low-sugar yogurts — not to mention your morning coffee. In one 2022 review of 12 clinical trials, most lasting six months or less, researchers concluded that substituting sugar-sweetened drinks with low-or no-calorie sweetened drinks could lead to some weight loss — about two to three pounds, on average — in adults who are overweight and who have (or are at risk for) diabetes (糖尿病). But longer-term studies on sugar substitutes have found no weight loss benefits, and even some harms. For this reason, the World Health Organization recommended in 2023 that people avoid using sugar substitutes for weight control or better health,citing research that linked them to greater risks of health concerns like Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity (肥胖) and earlier death. Enough research has raised concerns about sugar substitutes. Too much sugar, on the other hand, is unquestionably harmful to health, Dr. Eran Elinav said, with research linking it to greater risks of Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and obesity. The American Heart Association recommends that women consume no more than 25 grams of sugar per day, and men no more than 36 grams per day. A 12-ounce can of Coca-Cola contains 39 grams of sugar. Given those known harms, it’s better to choose artificially sweetened drinks like diet sodas over regular ones if you drink them every day, Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian said. But, he added, the goal is to reduce your consumption of both over the long term. Dr. Maya Vadiveloo agreed, recommending ways to gradually reduce both added sugars and sugar substitutes in your diet. “To cut back on regular or diet sodas, you might try seltzer (塞尔兹碳酸水) sweetened with a small amount of fruit juice,” she said. “Or instead of buying sweetened yogurt, try topping plain yogurt with fruit and a little honey.” 1．What did the U. S. food manufacturers mean by their claim? A．Americans’ love for sweets would not weaken. B．Artificial sweeteners would replace sugar soon. C．Sugar substitutes could contribute to daily energy needs. D．Artificial sweeteners had no harmful effects on human health. 2．What did the World Health Organization recommend in 2023? A．Not using sugar substitutes for weight loss. B．Including more overweight adults in future clinical trials. C．Conducting long-term studies on sugar substitutes. D．Having no-calorie drinks instead of sugar-sweetened drinks. 3．Why does the author mention Coca-Cola in paragraph 5? A．To indicate it is closely related to many diseases. B．To reveal it is one of the most popular drinks in the U. S. C．To prove men consume more Coca-Cola than women daily. D．To illustrate the high sugar content in regular drinks. 4．What do Dr. Vadiveloo’s words in the last paragraph show? A．Her interests. B．Her concerns. C．Her suggestions. D．Her expectations. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人造甜味剂对健康的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When artificial sweeteners entered the U. S. market in the 1950s, food manufacturers (生产商) made a big claim that they could satisfy the American sweet tooth without the negative health effects — and calories — of sugar.( 当人造甜味剂在20世纪50年代进入美国市场时，食品制造商大肆宣称，它们可以满足美国人对甜食的喜爱，而不会对健康产生负面影响，也不会产生糖的热量。)”可知，美国食品制造商的宣称表明了人造甜味剂对人体健康没有有害影响。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“But longer-term studies on sugar substitutes have found no weight loss benefits, and even some harms. For this reason, the World Health Organization recommended in 2023 that people avoid using sugar substitutes for weight control or better health, citing research that linked them to greater risks of health concerns like Type 2diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity (肥胖) and earlier death.( 但长期研究发现，糖替代品对减肥没有任何好处，甚至还有一些危害。出于这个原因，世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）在2023年建议人们避免使用糖替代品来控制体重或改善健康，理由是研究表明，糖替代品会增加患2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、肥胖和早逝等健康问题的风险。)”可知，世界卫生组织建议人们避免使用糖替代品来控制体重或改善健康，因为研究表明它们会增加患 2 型糖尿病、心血管疾病、肥胖和早逝等健康问题的风险，所以是不建议使用糖替代品来减肥的。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“The American Heart Association recommends that women consume no more than 25 grams of sugar per day, and men no more than 36 grams per day. A 12-ounce can of Coca-Cola contains 39 grams of sugar.( 美国心脏协会建议女性每天摄入的糖不超过25克，男性每天摄入的糖不超过36克。一罐12盎司的可口可乐含有39克糖。)”可知，美国心脏协会推荐了男女每天糖的摄入量，而一罐 12 盎司的可口可乐就含有 39 克糖，超过了推荐量，所以作者提到可口可乐是为了说明普通饮料中的高糖含量。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr. Maya Vadiveloo agreed, recommending ways to gradually reduce both added sugars and sugar substitutes in your diet. “To cut back on regular or diet sodas, you might try seltzer (塞尔兹碳酸水) sweetened with a small amount of fruit juice,” she said. “Or instead of buying sweetened yogurt, try topping plain yogurt with fruit and a little honey.”(Maya Vadiveloo博士对此表示赞同，并推荐了逐步减少饮食中添加糖和代糖的方法。她说：“为了减少普通苏打水或无糖苏打水的摄入量，你可以试试加了少量果汁的苏打水。”“或者不买加糖的酸奶，试着在原味酸奶上加水果和一点蜂蜜。”)”可知，Maya Vadiveloo博士推荐了一些逐渐减少饮食中添加糖和糖替代品的方法，比如用少量果汁调味的塞尔兹碳酸水代替普通或无糖汽水，用水果和一点蜂蜜搭配原味酸奶代替买加糖酸奶，所以她的话显示的是她的建议。故选C项。 七、完形填空 （21-22高二上·全国·假期作业）There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the 1 thing is that the French, who consume rich food, tend to stay thin. Now a 2 by Cornell University points out 3 lifestyle and decisions about 4 may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel 5 . However, Americans tend to stop when their 6 are empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating 7 an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore spend a very 8 time at the table, while Americans see eating as anything to be squeezed in between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans 9 the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and 10 foods for the week. The French, 11 , tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers’ markets where they have a choice of fresh fruit, vegetables rich in fiber, and eggs as well as high-quality meat for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don’t Get Fat, decided to 12 about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid 13 . Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent lifestyle 14 may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity(肥胖)—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains 15 and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing. 1．A．formal B．strange C．natural D．modern 2．A．novel B．study C．strategy D．newspaper 3．A．that B．what C．where D．when 4．A．working B．living C．eating D．studying 5．A．sensitive B．full C．happy D．annoyed 6．A．pockets B．refrigerators C．houses D．plates 7．A．as B．into C．inside D．to 8．A．long B．short C．exciting D．fast 9．A．bring B．lose C．get D．receive 10．A．frozen B．cool C．warm D．hot 11．A．therefore B．instead C．meanwhile D．consequently 12．A．write B．read C．speak D．think 13．A．fruit B．oil C．food D．egg 14．A．examples B．changes C．designs D．stories 15．A．failure B．success C．confidence D．acceptance 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的饮食方式导致美国人发胖，相反，法国人健康的饮食方式让他们能够保持身材，但随着美国快餐的流行，法国儿童的肥胖率也在不断增加。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但奇怪的是，吃油腻食物的法国人却往往保持苗条。A. formal正式的；B. strange奇怪的；C. natural自然的；D. modern现代的。根据句中“who consume rich food, tend to stay thin”可知，法国人吃油腻的食物却能保持苗条，这是一种奇怪的现象。故选B项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在康奈尔大学的一项研究指出，生活方式和饮食决定可能会影响体重。A. novel小说；B. study研究；C. strategy策略；D. newspaper报纸。根据句中“lifestyle and decisions about _____ may affect weight”可知，“生活方式和饮食决定可能会影响体重”应该是一项研究结果，由此可知，句中指康奈尔大学的一项研究指出。故选B项。 3．考查从属连词词义辨析。句意：现在康奈尔大学的一项研究指出，生活方式和饮食决定可能会影响体重。A. that引导宾语从句（不作成分，无实意）；B. what什么；C. where 在……的地方；D. when在……的时候。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，根据句中“lifestyle and decisions about _____ may affect weight”可知，从句意义完整，不缺成分，阐述了研究结果，故应用“that”引导从句，在从句中不作成分，无实意。故选A项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在康奈尔大学的一项研究指出，生活方式和饮食决定可能会影响体重。A. working工作；B. living居住；C. eating 吃；D. studying学习。根据句中“affect weight”可知，句中介绍的是可能会影响体重的因素，由此可知，应该是饮食决定可能会影响体重，“decisions about eating”表示“饮食决定”，且与下文多次出现的“eating”相呼应。故选C项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员得出结论，法国人在感到饱腹时往往会停止进食。A. sensitive敏感的；B. full吃饱了的；C. happy快乐的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据句中“stop eating”和生活常识可知，法国人停止进食应该是感觉吃饱了。故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，美国人往往在他们的盘子空了或者他们最喜欢的电视节目结束时才会停止进食。A. pockets口袋；B. refrigerators冰箱；C. houses房屋；D. plates盘子。根据上文“There are too many fat people in America”可知，美国人普遍肥胖，由此可知，他们不知道控制饮食，直到盘子空了才会停止进食。故选D项。 7．考查介词词义辨析。句意：根据健康专家约瑟夫·梅科拉博士的说法，法国人把饮食看作他们生活方式的重要组成部分。A. as作为；B. into到……里面；C. inside在……里；D. to朝，向。根据下文“They enjoy food”可知，法国人享受食物的乐趣，由此可知，法国人把饮食看作他们生活方式的重要组成部分，“see…as…”意为“把……看作……”。故选A项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们喜欢食物，因此会在餐桌上花费很长时间，而美国人则认为吃饭是介于其他日常活动之间的任何事情。A. long长的；B. short短的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. fast快的。根据上文“the French see eating _____ an important part of their lifestyle”可知，法国人把饮食看作他们生活方式的重要组成部分，由此可知，他们会在餐桌上花费很长时间。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅科拉认为，美国人在实际吃饱时失去了感知能力。A. bring带来；B. lose失去；C. get得到；D. receive接收。根据上文“Americans tend to stop when their ____ are empty or their favorite TV show is over”可知，美国人不知道控制饮食，直到盘子空了才会停止进食，由此可知，美国人在实际吃饱时失去了感知能力。故选B项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他还指出，美国人每周都会开车去大型超市购买罐装和冷冻食品。A. frozen冷冻的；B. cool凉的；C. warm温暖的；D. hot热的。根据上文“There are too many fat people in America”可知，美国人普遍肥胖，再结合句中“canned”可知，美国人的饮食不健康，每周都会购买罐装和冷冻食品。故选A项。 11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，法国人倾向于每天购物，步行到小商店和农贸市场，在那里他们每餐都可以选择新鲜水果、富含纤维的蔬菜、鸡蛋和优质肉类。A. therefore因此；B. instead相反；C. meanwhile同时；D. consequently因此。根据上文“buy canned and _____ foods”和句中“have a choice of fresh fruit, vegetables rich in fiber”可知，美国人和法国人的饮食不同，美国人购买罐装和冷冻食品，相反，法国人倾向于购买新鲜水果和富含纤维的蔬菜，“instead”意为“相反”，符合语境。故选B项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：《法国女人不会胖》一书的作者米雷耶·吉利亚诺在访问美国后，决定写一篇关于知道何时停止进食的重要性的文章，而不是建议如何避免食物。A. write写；B. read阅读；C. speak说话；D. think思考。根据句中“author of French Women Don’t Get Fat”可知，米雷耶·吉利亚诺是一位作家，由此可知，她决定写一篇关于知道何时停止进食的重要性的文章。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：《法国女人不会胖》一书的作者米雷耶·吉利亚诺在访问美国后，决定写一篇关于知道何时停止进食的重要性的文章，而不是建议如何避免食物。A. fruit水果；B. oil油；C. food食物；D. egg鸡蛋。根据句中“knowing when to stop”可知，减肥的重点是知道何时停止进食，而不是避免食物。故选C项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管存在这些差异，但有证据表明，最近的生活方式的变化可能会影响法国人的饮食习惯。A. examples例子；B. changes变化；C. designs设计；D. stories故事。根据下文“the young reject older traditions”可知，年轻人拒绝古老的传统，由此可知，最近的生活方式发生了变化。故选B项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着美国快餐获得认可，而且年轻人拒绝接受古老的传统，法国儿童的肥胖率已经达到17%，而且还在增长。A. failure失败；B. success成功；C. confidence信心；D. acceptance认可。根据句中“the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing”可知，法国儿童的肥胖率正在不断增加，由此可知，美国快餐在法国获得了认可，法国儿童吃了快餐后导致发胖。故选D项。 $$