Unit 4 Meeting the Muse（话题阅读精练）英语外研版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 4 Meeting the Muse 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 一、核心单词 1. quote /kwəʊt/ n. 引文，引语 2. float /fləʊt/ v. 浮，漂 3. folk /fəʊk/ adj. 民间的，民俗的 4. tale /teɪl/ n. 故 5. motion /ˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n. 动，运动 6. compose /kəmˈpəʊz/ v. 作（曲） 7. crouch /kraʊtʃ/ v. 蹲下；蹲伏 8. peacock /ˈpiːkɒk/ n. （雄）孔雀 9. princess /ˌprɪnˈses/ n. 公主 10. ethnic /ˈeθnɪk/ adj. 民族的 11. abstract /ˈæbstrækt/ adj. 抽象（派）的 12. awe - inspiring /ˈɔːɪnˌspaɪərɪŋ/ adj. 令人起敬的，令人钦佩的 13. installation /ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 现代雕塑装置 14. wire /waɪə/ n. 金属丝；电线 15. cable /ˈkeɪbl/ n. 电缆 16. innovative /ˈɪnəvətɪv/ adj. 新颖的，创新的 17. trend /trend/ n. 趋势，动向 18. contrast /ˈkɒntrɑːst/ n. 反差，对比 19. Greek /ɡriːk/ adj. 希腊的 20. literally /ˈlɪt(ə)rəli/ adv. 根据字面意思 21. technician /tekˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 巧匠 22. animation /ˌænɪˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 动画片 23. distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj. 清晰的；明显不同的 二、重点短语 1. on display 展出，陈列 2. turn to 转向，求助于 3. pass down 使世代相传 4. come to life 苏醒过来，变得活跃 5. feel grateful for 因……而感激 6. bring out 使显现，使表现出 7. be composed of 由……组成 8. come true 实现 9. be tired from 因……而劳累 10. check out 核查 11. come to one's mind 出现在某人脑海中 12. light up 点亮，照亮 13. a variety of 各种各样的 14. lead to 导致 15. up to 直到，多达 16. be unfamiliar with 对……不熟悉 17. have an effect on 对……有影响 18. take in 理解，领会；欺骗 19. be known as 作为……而出名 20. rather than 而不是 时文拓展阅读 A.I.-Generated Art Is Already Transforming Creative Work For years, the conventional wisdom among Silicon Valley futurists was that artificial intelligence and automation spelled doom for blue-collar workers whose jobs involved repetitive manual labor. Truck drivers, retail cashiers and warehouse workers would all lose their jobs to robots, they said, while workers in creative fields like art, entertainment and media would be safe. Well, an unexpected thing happened recently: A.I. entered the creative class. In the past few months, A.I.-based image generators like DALL-E 2, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion have made it possible for anyone to create unique, hyper-realistic images just by typing a few words into a textbox. These apps, though new, are already surprisingly popular. It’s still too early to tell whether this new wave of apps will end up costing artists and illustrators their jobs. What seems clear, though, is that these tools are already being put to use in creative industries. Sarah Drummond, a service designer in London, started using A.I.-generated images a few months ago to replace the black-and-white sketches she did for her job. These were usually basic drawings that visually represented processes she was trying to design improvements for. Instead of spending hours creating what she called “blob drawings” by hand, Ms Drummond now types what she wants into DALL-E 2 or Midjourney. She also acknowledged that A.I. image generators had limitations. They aren’t good at more complex sketches, for example, or creating multiple images with the same character. And like the other creative professionals, she said she didn’t think A.I. designers would replace human illustrators outright. 【译文欣赏】 人工智能生成的艺术正在改变创意工作 多年来，硅谷未来主义者的传统观点是，人工智能和自动化意味着从事重复性体力劳动的蓝领工人的末日。他们说，卡车司机、零售收银员和仓库工人都会被机器人抢走工作，而艺术、娱乐和媒体等创意领域的工作者则会安然无恙。然而，最近一件意想不到的事情发生了：人工智能进入了创意领域。 在过去的几个月里，像DALL-E 2、Midjourney和Stable Diffusion这样基于人工智能的图像生成器，让任何人都可以通过在文本框中输入几个字来创建独特的、超逼真的图像。这些应用程序虽然是新出现的，但已经出奇地受欢迎。 现在判断这一波新的应用程序是否最终会让艺术家和插画师失去工作还为时过早。不过，似乎很清楚的是，这些工具已经在创意产业中得到了应用。伦敦的服务设计师莎拉·德拉蒙德几个月前开始使用人工智能生成的图像，来取代她为工作所做的黑白草图。这些通常是基本的绘图，直观地展示了她试图设计改进的流程。德拉蒙德女士现在不用花几个小时手工绘制她所谓的“团状绘图”，而是把她想要的东西输入DALL-E 2或Midjourney。她也承认人工智能图像生成器有局限性。例如，它们不擅长更复杂的草图，或者创建具有相同角色的多个图像。而且，和其他创意专业人士一样，她说她认为人工智能设计师不会完全取代人类插画师。 【词汇积累】 • conventional：adj. 传统的，常规的 • wisdom：n. 智慧，明智 • spell doom for：意味着……的末日 • repetitive：adj. 重复的 • manual labor：体力劳动 • hyper - realistic：adj. 超现实的 • end up：最终成为，最后处于 • outright：adv. 完全地，彻底地 【知识拓展】 人工智能在艺术领域的应用现状：除了文中提到的图像生成器，人工智能还被用于音乐创作、文学写作等领域。例如，有软件可以根据给定的风格和主题创作音乐，也有工具能生成故事、诗歌等。 对艺术创作的影响：人工智能为艺术创作提供了新的手段和思路，降低了创作门槛，让更多人能够参与到艺术创作中。但同时，也引发了关于艺术本质的讨论，如人工智能生成的作品是否具有人类艺术作品中的情感和创造力等。 【词汇延伸】 与“艺术”相关词汇：artwork（艺术品）、artist（艺术家）、illustration（插画）、creativity（创造力）、inspiration（灵感）。 与“人工智能”相关词汇：artificial intelligence（人工智能）、machine learning（机器学习）、deep learning（深度学习）、virtual reality（虚拟现实）。 高考真题链接 （2025年全国高考一卷） In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 21. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. 22. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary. C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic. 23. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 24. What does the author’s experience show? A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep. C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect. 【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B 24. A 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. (大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。 【23题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中划线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing (惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章最后一段中“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning (教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。 命题特点 考查对象明确:多为生词（课标外词汇，如派生词、合成词）、熟词生义（常见词的不常见用法，如“check”表“寄存”）、固定短语（如“break the ice”）或指代性内容（如代词“it”“this”指代的具体对象）。偶尔涉及对复杂句子含义的推断（需结合上下文梳理逻辑）。 语境依赖性强:答案几乎都能通过该词句所在的前后句、段落逻辑或全文主旨找到线索，不依赖课外知识，侧重“语境猜义”而非“词汇量记忆”。 位置分布集中:多位于长难句、逻辑转折处（如but/however）、因果关系处（如because/so）或举例说明处（如for example），这些位置通常有明确的解释或提示信息。 命题规律 线索设置有固定方向:命题人会在目标词句附近设置“提示信号”，常见类型： 定义/解释：通过“that is”“in other words”“which means”等引出解释； 举例说明：通过“such as”“for instance”“like”列举例子辅助理解； 逻辑关系：通过转折（but/however）、因果（so/therefore）、递进（furthermore）等关联词暗示含义； 同义/反义替换：上下文出现与目标词句意思相近（如“similarly”）或相反（如“unlike”）的表达； 生活常识/背景信息：结合段落主题（如“环保”“科技”）推断相关词汇含义（如“sustainable”结合环保主题可猜为“可持续的”）。 词句猜测题解题思维 定位原文，圈划上下文：找到目标词句在原文的位置，重点阅读其前一句、后一句，以及所在段落的首尾句（把握段落主题，避免孤立理解）。 抓“提示信号”，找逻辑线索：聚焦上文提到的“定义、举例、关联词、同义反义”等信号，提炼与目标词句相关的“解释性内容”。 结合主题，初步推断：若上下文线索不明显，结合全文主旨或段落核心话题缩小范围（如主题是“网络安全”，则“hacker”可优先猜为与“网络攻击”相关的人）。 词句猜测干扰项特征 字面意思迷惑：直接取目标词的常见含义（尤其针对“熟词生义”题），但与上下文语境不符。 脱离上下文，过度联想：基于目标词的字面意思或常识随意扩展，加入原文未提及的信息。 与部分线索矛盾：仅符合上下文某一处信息，但与整体逻辑冲突（如忽略转折词后的内容）。 偷换概念：用与目标词句相关但不同的概念替换（如将“specific（具体的）”偷换为“detailed（详细的）”，二者含义相近但不完全等同，需结合语境区分）。 1. In my ninth - grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern - day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. 结构拆解： 主干：I met a cowboy..., a strict father..., and a modern - day Juliet...（主谓宾结构，“a cowboy + 定语从句”“a strict father + 定语从句”“a modern - day Juliet + 定语从句” 并列作宾语 ） 修饰成分：“In my ninth - grade writing class last year” 是时间、地点状语，说明事件发生背景； 三个定语从句 “who saved his town”（修饰cowboy ）、“who demanded his son earn straight A’s”（修饰strict father ，其中 “demand sb. (should) do sth.” 是虚拟语气，省略should ）、“who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life”（修饰modern - day Juliet ，“after...” 是时间状语从句 ）。 2. Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. 结构拆解： 主干：Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence...（由and连接的并列句，分别描述作文 “篇幅短” 和 “缺论点句” 两个问题 ） 修饰成分：“that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement” 是定语从句，修饰 “a sentence” ，说明句子的性质（可被解读为论点陈述 ）。 3. For the next two assignments, a personal - narrative unit followed by a creative - writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. 结构拆解： 主干：I only required that... and that...（主谓宾结构，“required” 后接两个并列的宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，即 “(should) + 动词原形” ，should 可省略 ） 修饰成分：“For the next two assignments, a personal - narrative unit followed by a creative - writing workshop” 是状语，说明 “布置作业” 的背景（作业类型：个人叙事单元 + 创意写作工作坊 ）。 1. more than once：不止一次 2. fill less than one page：不足一页 3. strike sb. as...：给某人……的印象；让某人觉得 4. a health - related topic：一个与健康相关的话题 5. meet the specifications of...：符合……的要求；达到……的规范 6. take on diverse topics：涉及不同的话题 7. turn in：提交；上交 8. persuasive piece：议论文；有说服力的文章 9. personal - narrative unit：个人叙事单元 10. creative - writing workshop：创意写作工作坊 综合实战演练 Passage 1 （2024届·河南信阳一模） The Best Podcasts for Everyone A podcast is a sound file similar to a radio broadcast, which can be downloaded and listened to on a computer or iPod. You can find a podcast about almost anything these days, but you might need a helping hand to find the podcasts worthy of your ear. Our expertly chosen list will entertain and educate you, whether you’re doing the dishes, working out, or relaxing in the bath. 1. Revisionist History In this mix of strange stories, Malcolm Gladwell, a famous writer, handles misunderstood events and rarely discussed ideas, covering subjects like Toyota’s car recall and even the firebombing of Tokyo at the end of World War II. Gladwell freely mixes research and opinion and enjoys challenging conventional views, but every episode serves up facts and stories you have likely never heard before. 2. The Read Kid Fury and Crissle West, famous comedians, review the latest pop culture news and offer their opinions on everything. Funny and challenging, these conversations run for a couple of hours, covering recent events and frequently touching on social justice, mental health and race. 3. Forever35 Forever35 started as a physical self-care podcast but expanded to discuss mental health, relationships, and any other topic that appeals to writers Doree Shafrir and Kate Spencer. They go from chatting about skin creams to seasonal emotional disorder—but always in a fun, inclusive, and down-to-earth way. 4. Hidden Brain An absorbing deep dive into human behavior related to brains with the help of scientists, Hidden Brain is packed with informative messages. The host, National Public Radio’s accomplished science journalist Shankar Vedantam, makes complex ideas accessible. 5. The Infinite Monkey Cage This show, hosted by physicist Brian Cox and comedian Robin Ince, raises questions like “Does time exist?”—which are then debated by a diverse panel of three guests, usually a mix of experts and entertainers. Definite answers are in short supply, but it’s always accessible, enthusiastic, and makes audience think deeply. Special offer for readers: Get a 1-year subscription to WIRED for $5 ($25 off). This includes unlimited access to WIRED．com. If you buy something using links in our stories, this helps support our work. 7．What is this text? A．A book review. B．A course plan. C．An academic article. D．An online advertisement. 8．How many podcasts are associated with natural science? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 9．Which podcast interests listeners who want to stay young and healthy? A．The Read. B．Forever35. C．Hidden Brain. D．The Infinite Monkey Cage. 【答案】7．D 8．A 9．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了一些可以供你收听的播客的名单。 7．推理判断题。根据文章标题“The Best Podcasts for Everyone”（适合每个人最好的播客）及文章第一段“A podcast is a sound file similar to a radio broadcast, which can be downloaded and listened to on a computer or iPod. You can find a podcast about almost anything these days, but you might need a helping hand to find the podcasts worthy of your ear. Our expertly chosen list will entertain and educate you, whether you’re doing the dishes, working out, or relaxing in the bath.”（播客是一种类似于无线电广播的声音文件，可以在计算机或 iPod 上下载和收听。如今，你几乎可以找到任何内容的播客，但是你可能需要有人帮忙才能找到值得你倾听的播客。我们精心挑选的名单将娱乐和教育你，无论你是在洗碗，工作，或放松在浴缸。）可知，文章主要讲述了一些可以供你收听的播客的名单。所以文章很有可能属于一个广告。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据“Hidden Brain”部分“ An absorbing deep dive into human behavior related to brains with the help of scientists, Hidden Brain is packed with informative messages. The host, National Public Radio’s accomplished science journalist Shankar Vedantam, makes complex ideas accessible.”（在科学家的帮助下，《隐藏的大脑》对人类与大脑有关的行为进行了深入研究，其中充满了信息性的信息。主持人，国家公共广播电台的成功的科学记者 Shankar Vedantam，使复杂的想法易于理解。）“The Infinite Monkey Cage”部分中“This show, hosted by physicist Brian Cox and comedian Robin Ince, raises questions like “Does time exist?”—which are then debated by a diverse panel of three guests, usually a mix of experts and entertainers. Definite answers are in short supply, but it’s always accessible, enthusiastic, and makes audience think deeply.”（这个节目由物理学家 Brian Cox 和喜剧演员 Robin Ince 主持，提出了诸如“时间存在吗?”然后由三位嘉宾组成的不同小组进行辩论，通常由专家和艺人组成。明确的答案是短缺的，但它总是可获得的，热情，并使观众思考深刻。）可知，这两个播客是和自然科学有关的。故选A。 9．细节理解题。根据“Forever35”部分中“Forever35 started as a physical self-care podcast but expanded to discuss mental health, relationships, and any other topic ”（Forever35最初是一个关于身体自我护理的播客，后来扩展到讨论心理健康、人际关系和其他任何话题）可知，播客Forever35，可以使你实现身体自我护理，同时改善心理健康、人际关系所以对于项保持年轻和健康的收听者而言，Forever35是很好的选择。故选B。 Passage 2 【2024届河南省鹤壁市高中高三第二次模拟试题】 Saying farewell to someone you love, even for a night, can be difficult, much less saying goodbye for a lifetime or forever in death. Juliet bid Romeo adieu (再见) for the evening with the words, “Parting is such sweet sorrow.” Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron. But this seeming contradiction is true in the context of relationships. Relationships are based on feelings, emotions, and passion. Deep friendships and loving relationships are measured by the level of emotional attachment. Emotions intensify over time. People spend time with the people they like. The more one person likes another person, the closer the relationship becomes. Each person in the relationship receives an emotional benefit from knowing the other person. Saying goodbye means separating from the people who make up a significant part of your emotional identity. Separation, even a temporary absence, from the people you have a deep emotional connection with can cause sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their company. The sweet side of saying goodbye is the emotional fulfillment of being in a close relationship. The time spent together is emotionally rewarding, especially if that person is seen as a soulmate. Humans are social beings. We seek the love and comfort of other people. Loneliness devastates the human condition and leads to sadness. Sad people will do anything they can to find fulfilling relationships. Likewise, happy people will do anything they can to maintain or enhance relationships. Herein lies the essential point of the emotional problem. The more intense relationships become, the more devastating the emotional loss that is felt upon separation. The exhilaration of relationships cannot be truly measured without experiencing the overwhelming loss of a deep emotional connection. Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as you can; knowing the pain you will feel at the end of the relationship is the true measure of the relationship. If it doesn’t hurt to say goodbye, perhaps it wasn’t worth saying hello. 8．Which of the word group can create the same effect as “sweet sorrow”? A．icy cold B．clicking sound C．deafening silence D．endless speech 9．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Saying goodbye is unavoidable in our daily life. B．The companion of close friends can lessen sorrow. C．A person’s identity is connected with relationship. D．Separation is the sorrowful part of saying goodbye. 10．What gives a person emotional satisfaction in social life? A．Making more communication with others. B．Building deep emotional connections with others. C．Comforting friends with love and intense feelings. D．Being a thoughtful person by standing in others’ shoes. 11．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Sweet sorrow is very common in close relationships. B．The pain of separation is the measure of relationships. C．Human beings are eager to get emotional fulfillment. D．Happiness is meaningless without sadness to compare it. 【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文,通过莎翁戏剧著名台词“Parting is such sweet sorrow”引出对人际关系的讨论，阐述分离的痛苦是衡量感情的尺度。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“ Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron. But this seeming contradiction is true in the context of relationships.(甜蜜的悲伤是一种矛盾修辞法。但这种看似矛盾的现象在人际关系中却是真实存在的。)”可知，本句中sweet sorrow是一种矛盾的修辞方法。C选项中“deafening silence(震耳欲聋的沉默)”与题干中的“甜蜜的悲伤”一致，构成的是修辞的方式是矛盾的修饰方式。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Separation, even a temporary absence, from the people you have a deep emotional connection with can cause sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their company.(与你有深厚情感联系的人分离，即使是暂时的缺席，都会带来悲伤，因为你将无法再享受他们的陪伴。)”可知，分离是告别时悲伤的部分。故选D。 10．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Deep friendships and loving relationships are measured by the level of emotional attachment. Emotions intensify over time,(深厚的友谊和爱的关系是由情感依恋的水平来衡量的。情绪会随着时间的推移而加剧)”以及第四段中“The time spent together is emotionally rewarding, especially if that person is seen as a soulmate. Humans are social beings.(一起度过的时光在情感上是有益的，尤其是如果那个人被视为灵魂伴侣。人类是社会生物)” 可知，一起度过的时光在情感上是有益的即与他人建立深厚的情感联系能使人在社交生活中获得情感上的满足。故选B。 11．主旨大意题。 通读全文以及根据最后一段中“Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as you can; knowing the pain you will feel at the end of the relationship is the true measure of the relationship. (尽可能地享受和你在一起的人的陪伴；知道在一段关系结束时你会感受到的痛苦是衡量这段关系的真正标准。如果说再见无伤大雅，那也许不值得说你好)”可知，文章通过“告别”带给人看似矛盾的情感体验这一现象，通过对比等手段，深入分析了痛苦这种情感体验在人际关系疏密中的作用。B选项“The pain of separation is the measure of relationships.(分离的痛苦是衡量感情的尺度。)”概括文章主要内容。故选B。 Passage 3 （2024届·河南信阳一模） The possible explanations for the natural roots of envy are easy to imagine. Social comparison is how we judge our relative place in society, and thus how we know what to achieve in order to stay competitive for resources. When we see that we fall behind others, the pain we feel often encourages us to build ourselves up—or to tear others down. How people act in the face of this pain has led some scholars to distinguish between kind envy and harmful envy. The former is miserable, but is met with a desire for self-improvement and to catch up with the envied person. In contrast, harmful envy leads to destructive actions, such as hostile thoughts and behavior intended to harm the other person. Kind envy occurs when you believe that admiration for the other person is deserved; harmful envy kicks in when you believe it isn’t. Envy—especially when harmful—is terrible for you. Scientists find that envying other people stimulates the brain, which is associated with both physical and mental pain. It can also spoil your future. Ordinarily, people become psychologically healthier as they age; envy can prevent this trend. Even though other studies have shown that kind envy might encourage your ambition, this one did not find that envy predicted later economic success at all. To feel envy, you need to have exposure to people who appear more fortunate than you. That is simple enough in ordinary interactions. But the conditions of envy explode if we expose people to a wide group of strangers presenting their lives to look as splendid, successful, and happy as possible. Obviously, I am describing social media. In fact, academics have even used the term Facebook envy to capture the uniquely fertile circumstances that social media creates for this destructive emotion. If I could snap (捻) my fingers and wipe out envy from my life, I would, and I bet you would too. But envy is natural, and getting rid of it would be impossible for all but perhaps the most enlightened (开明的) people. Lots of research shows that gratitude destroys envy. So, next time the dog of envy barks inside you, quiet it with thoughts of the people who love you, the things you enjoy, and the good fortune you have had. 5．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By making comparisons. B．By giving explanations. C．By making a judgement. D．By imagining a scene. 6．What has been found by scientists about envy? A．People of kind envy usually live a miserable life. B．Harmful envy occurs when people deny their beliefs. C．Envy may contribute to terrible suffering to people. D．It proves that kind envy contributes to great success. 7．Why is the term Facebook envy used by academics? A．To refer to a phenomenon common in social media. B．To describe how destructive the harmful emotion is. C．To show how splendid and happy people’s lives are. D．To illustrate the influence of ordinary interactions. 8．What can prevent us from being envious? A．Finger snaps and dog barks. B．Gratefulness and appreciation. C．Thoughtfulness and confidence. D．Self-improvement and optimism. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文分析了忌妒之心的起因、忌妒的类型、影响以及避免忌妒的方法。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The possible explanations for the natural roots of envy are easy to imagine. Social comparison is how we judge our relative place in society, and thus how we know what to achieve in order to stay competitive for resources. When we see that we fall behind others, the pain we-feel often encourages us to build ourselves up—or to tear others down.(对嫉妒的自然根源的可能解释很容易想象。社会比较是我们如何判断我们在社会中的相对地位，从而我们如何知道为了保持对资源的竞争力应该取得什么成就。当我们看到自己落后于别人时，我们所感受到的痛苦往往会鼓励我们建立自己，或者贬低别人)”可推知，作者通过解释引入主题，即解释什么是妒嫉。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Scientists find that envying other people stimulates the brain, which is associated with both physical and mental pain.(科学家们发现，嫉妒他人会刺激大脑，这与身体和精神上的痛苦有关)”可知，科学家们发现嫉妒可能会给人们带来可怕的痛苦。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In fact, academics have even used the term Facebook envy to capture the uniquely fertile circumstances that social media creates for this destructive emotion.(事实上，学者们甚至用“Facebook嫉妒”这个词来描述社交媒体为这种破坏性情绪创造的独特肥沃环境)”可知，学术界会使用“Facebook嫉妒”这个词是为了提到社交媒体中常见的现象。故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Lots of research shows that gratitude destroys envy. So, next time the dog of envy barks inside you, quiet it with thoughts of the people who love you, the things you enjoy, and the good fortune you have had.(许多研究表明，感恩可以摧毁嫉妒。所以，下次当嫉妒的狗在你心中狂吠时，想想爱你的人，你喜欢的东西，以及你所拥有的好运，让它安静下来)”可知，感激和感恩能阻止我们嫉妒。故选B。 Passage 4 （2024届·四川泸州一模） Timothy Harrison had planned to attend his high school graduation. He’d even told his manager who runs a Waffle House (a kind of cake shop) that he would take time off. But when the day began, Harrison found himself unable to go there. 11 Because his family members were working, no one could drive him there. Much to the surprise of his manager Cedric Hampton, Harrison showed up at the Waffle House. 12 First, he didn’t have a way to get to the graduation. Besides, he’d missed out on picking up his cap and gown. Once Hampton heard the details, he immediately organized his Waffle House workers for action. “I could see in his eyes that he really wanted to go, and I was going to get him there no matter what,” Hampton said. “ 13 ” Within twenty minutes, Harrison was carried to school to bring back his cap and gown and then back at the Waffle House. To his surprise, he also received a new suit of clothes for his high school graduation. 14 Meanwhile, a couple of generous shoppers contributed as well to help him celebrate this day. Harrison was now properly dressed. 15 It was a close call, but thanks to Hampton, the soon-to-be graduate just made it. “When I sat down in that hall, it was the best time of my life.” Harrison said. “This is an experience I will value forever. I felt very thankful to my manager and those people who helped me. I’m going to tell my kids about this.” A．Harrison did not know what to do next. B．He should have told me his plan earlier. C．No kid should miss their high school graduation. D．Harrison was thankful to his parents for their efforts. E．It was picked up and paid for by his coworkers. F．The next problem was how to get him to the hall on time. G．The hall in which the event was being held was too far away. 【答案】11．G 12．A 13．C 14．E 15．F 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是一位在松饼屋打工的青少年Timothy Harrison在好心人的帮助下按时参加了毕业典礼的故事。 11．空前“But when the day began, Harrison found himself unable to go there.(但是当这一天开始的时候，哈里森发现自己无法去那里)”说明他不能去毕业典礼，空格处应该解释原因，G选项“The hall in which the event was being held was too far away.(举行活动的大厅太远了)”解释了他不能去的原因，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 12．空后“First, he didn’t have a way to get to the graduation. Besides, he’d missed out on picking up his cap and gown.(首先，他没有办法去参加毕业典礼。此外，他还错过了拿帽子和长袍的机会)”说明他遇到的问题，所以在有这些问题的情况下他应该是不知所措，A选项“Harrison did not know what to do next.(哈里森不知道下一步该怎么办)”说明了他不知道该怎么办，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选A。 13．空前“I could see in his eyes that he really wanted to go, and I was going to get him there no matter what(我能从他的眼睛里看出他真的很想去，无论如何我都要带他去)”说明Hampton说无论如何都要带哈里森去毕业典礼，空格处应该继续说为什么一定要带他去，C选项“No kid should miss their high school graduation.(没有孩子应该错过他们的高中毕业典礼)”说明没有孩子该错过自己的毕业典礼，解释了他一定要带哈里森去毕业典礼的原因，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 14．空前“To his surprise, he also received a new suit of clothes for his high school graduation.(令他吃惊的是，他还收到了一套高中毕业时穿的新衣服)”说明他得到了一套高中毕业时穿的新衣服，空格处应该说这套衣服是怎么来的，E选项“It was picked up and paid for by his coworkers.(它是由他的同事拿来并支付的)”说明了衣服是怎么来的，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选E。 15．空后“It was a close call, but thanks to Hampton, the soon-to-be graduate just made it.(这是一次千钧一的时刻，但多亏了汉普顿，这位即将毕业的学生终于成功了)”说明了时间很紧，F选项“The next problem was how to get him to the hall on time.(下一个问题是如何准时把他送到大厅)”说明了下一个问题是如何准时到，和后文的时间紧张相呼应，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选F。 Passage5 （2024届·四川泸州一模） Do Lobsters Feel Pain? The traditional method for cooking a lobster (龙虾) — boiling it alive — raises the question of whether or not lobsters feel pain. 16 . Lobsters go bad very quickly after they die, and eating a dead lobster increases the risk of illness and reduces the quality of its flavor. However, if lobsters are capable of feeling pain, the method and others, such as storing the live lobster on ice, raise moral questions for chefs and lobster eaters alike. 17 . Lobsters have a peripheral system like humans, but instead of a single brain, they possess nerve cluster (神经簇). Because of this difference, some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the standard for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries, learn to avoid dangerous situations, respond to anesthetics, and are believed to possess some level of consciousness. So most scientists believe that injuring a lobster causes physical pain. 18 , so it is now becoming illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland, New Zealand, and the Italian city Reggio Emilia. The most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes a lobster, making it unconscious in less than half a second or killing it in 5 to 10 seconds. 19 . Unfortunately, the CrustaStun is too expensive for most restaurants and people to afford. Some restaurants place a lobster in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for a couple of hours, during which time it loses consciousness and dies. 20 , but it is probably the most humane option for killing a lobster before cooking and eating it. A．This solution is not ideal B．And then, it can be cut apart or boiled C．Lobsters are popular food in many countries D．There is growing evidence that lobsters may feel pain E．Scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters feel pain F．Many restaurants choose more humane methods to cook it G．This cooking way is used to improve humans’ dining experience 【答案】16．G 17．E 18．D 19．B 20．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一直以来科学家们对龙虾是否会感到疼痛持不同意见，现在越来越多的证据表明，龙虾可能会感到疼痛，因此一些国家禁止将龙虾活煮或放在冰上，推荐使用更人道的水产品电击器处理龙虾，一些无力负担该工具的餐馆则尽量选择其他人道的方式进行处理。 16．前文“The traditional method for cooking a lobster (龙虾) — boiling it alive — raises the question of whether or not lobsters feel pain. (传统的烹饪龙虾的方法——活煮龙虾——引发了龙虾是否会感到疼痛的问题)”引入传统活煮龙虾的话题，后文“Lobsters go bad very quickly after they die, and eating a dead lobster increases the risk of illness and reduces the quality of its flavor. (龙虾死后很快就会变质，吃死龙虾会增加患病的风险，并降低其味道的质量)”具体解释采用这种烹饪方式的原因，因此G项“This cooking way is used to improve humans’ dining experience (这种烹饪方式被用来改善人类的用餐体验)”符合语境，承接前文，概括后文的具体解释，其中的This cooking way指代前文的boiling it alive。故选G。 17．空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。根据后文的“Because of this difference, some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain. (由于这种差异，一些研究人员认为龙虾与脊椎动物太不相似了，感觉不到疼痛)”和“So most scientists believe that injuring a lobster causes physical pain. (因此，大多数科学家认为，伤害龙虾会导致身体疼痛)”可知，本段主要介绍了对龙虾是否会感到疼痛的两种不同意见，因此E项“Scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters feel pain (科学家们对龙虾是否会感到疼痛持不同意见)”符合语境，统领后文内容，其中的feel pain和后文的feel pain是同词复现。故选E。 18．空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。后文“so it is now becoming illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice (因此，现在将龙虾活煮或放在冰上是违法的)”指出活煮龙虾或把龙虾放在冰上被禁止，因此D项“There is growing evidence that lobsters may feel pain (越来越多的证据表明，龙虾可能会感到疼痛)”符合语境，解释后文被禁止的原因。故选D。 19．前文“The most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes a lobster, making it unconscious in less than half a second or killing it in 5 to 10 seconds. (煮龙虾最人道的工具是水产品电击器。这种装置可以电击龙虾，让它在不到半秒的时间内失去意识，或者在5到10秒内杀死它)”介绍了使用水产品电击器来处理龙虾的方式，因此B项“And then, it can be cut apart or boiled (然后，它可以被切开或煮)”符合语境，承接前文，其中的it指代前文的a lobster。故选B。 20．前文“Some restaurants place a lobster in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for a couple of hours, during which time it loses consciousness and dies. (一些餐馆把龙虾放在塑料袋里，放在冰箱里几个小时，在这段时间里，龙虾失去知觉，死亡)”介绍了一些无力负担水产品电击器的餐馆处理龙虾的方法，后文“but it is probably the most humane option for killing a lobster before cooking and eating it (但在烹饪和食用龙虾之前杀死它可能是最人性化的选择)”对这种方法做出了评价，因此A项“This solution is not ideal (这个解决方案并不理想)”符合语境，承接前文，和后文形成转折。故选A。 Passage6 （2024届·陕西渭南一模） A Leap（跳跃）to Honor. Leaping on a narrow balance beam（平衡木） is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it. To perfect her skills, Lola 31 for four hours a day, five days a week. At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls. That’s especially impressive, 32 she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She often sees double and can’t 33 how far away things are. When she was little, her mom 34 that even though she couldn’t see 35 , she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved the 36 right away and gymnastics became her favorite. Though learning gymnastics has been more 37 for her than for some of her teammates, she has never quit. She doesn’t let her 38 stop her from doing anything that she wants to. She likes the determination it takes to do the sport. Her biggest 39 is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees two beams. She must use her sense of touch to help her during her routine. Sometimes she even closes her eyes. “You have to 40 your mind that it’ll take you where you want to go,” says Lola. To be a top-level gymnast, one must be brave. The beam is probably the most 41 for anyone because it’s four inches wide. At the state competition, Lola didn’t fall 42 the beam. In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10---- her highest score yet. Lola doesn’t want to be 43 differently from the other girls on her team. At the competitions, the judges don’t know about her vision 44 . She doesn’t tell them, because she doesn’t think they need to know. Her mom is amazed by her 45 attitude. Lola never thinks about 46 . She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her   47 is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids 48 she grew up. Lola is 49 of all her hard work and success. She says it’s helped her overcome problems in her life outside gymnastics, too. Her 50 for others is “just believe yourself”. 31．A．runs B．teaches C．trains D．dances 32．A．since B．unless C．after D．though 33．A．tell B．guess C．assume D．predict 34．A．suspected B．remembered C．imagined D．noticed 35．A．deeply B．well C．ahead D．closely 36．A．task B．sport C．event D．show 37．A．boring B．enjoyable C．difficult D．unsatisfactory 38．A．talent B．quality C．nature D．condition 39．A．doubt B．advantage C．challenge D．program 40．A．examine B．express C．open D．trust 41．A．fearful B．harmful C．unfair D．inconvenient 42．A．to B．on C．off D．against 43．A．greeted B．treated C．served D．paid 44．A．pains B．stresses C．injuries D．problems 45．A．positive B．friendly C．flexible D．cautious 46．A．defending B．quitting C．winning D．bargaining 47．A．standard B．range C．view D．goal 48．A．until B．as C．when D．before 49．A．proud B．tired C．ashamed D．confident 50．A．plan B．advice C．reward D．responsibility 【答案】 31．C 32．A 33．A 34．D 35．B 36．B 37．C 38．D 39．C 40．D 41．A 42．C 43．B 44．D 45．A 46．B 47．D 48．C 49．A 50．B 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。全文讲述了一个身残志坚的女体操运动员Lola Walter。她虽然视力有问题，但是却克服自身条件的不足和常人所不能克服的困难，努力练习体操，希望将来能把自己的所学传授给别的孩子。她建议我们要相信自己。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了使自己的技术更完美，萝拉每周训练五天，每天4小时。A. runs跑；B. teaches教；C. trains训练；D. dances跳舞。根据上半句“To perfect her skills”可知，她为了使自己的技术更完美，她刻苦训练，推知她每周训练（trains）五天，每天4小时。故选C项。 32．考查连词词义辨析。句意：这尤其令人印象深刻，因为她是盲人，生来患有一种罕见的疾病，导致她的眼睛不断地移动。 A. since因为，既然；B. unless除非；C. after以后；D. though尽管。由上句“That’s especially impressive”与下句“she is legally blind”可知，她令人印象深刻是因为她是盲人，句中前后有因果关系，since引导原因状语从句，表因果。故选A项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她经常看到双重的东西，却不能说出东西有多远。A. tell说出，告诉；B. guess猜；C. assume假设；D. predict预言。根据上文“she is legally blind”可知，她是一个盲人，因此她视力不好，看到的东西是模糊的，更不能说出来（tell）看到的东西有多远。故选A项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她小的时候，她的妈妈注意到，即使她看不清楚，她还是无所畏惧。A. suspected怀疑；B. remembered记住；C. imagined想象；D. noticed注意。根据“though she couldn’t see 　　5　　__ , she was fearless.”可知，即使她看不清楚，她还是无所畏惧这个细节是她妈妈平时注意到（noticed），因此才帮她报名学体操的。故选D项。 35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当她小的时候，她的妈妈注意到，即使她看不清楚，她还是无所畏惧。A. deeply深深地；B. well好地；C. ahead提前；D. closely近地。根据上文“she is legally blind”可知，她是一个盲人，因此，看东西看不好（couldn’t see well），副词well修饰动词see作状语。故选B项。 36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她很快就爱上了运动。A. task任务；B. sport运动；C. event事件；D. show展览。根据上一句“So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three.”可知，在她三岁的时候，妈妈就帮她报名学习体操，体操是一项运动（sport），故选B项。 37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然学体操对她来说比她的一些队友更难，但她从未放弃过。A. boring令人厌烦的；B. enjoyable令人愉快的；C. difficult困难的；    D. unsatisfactory不满的。根据上文“she is legally blind”可知，她是一个盲人，平时看东西也看不清楚，因此，在学习体操的时候，也会困难（difficult）。故选C项。 38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不让自己的状况阻止她做任何她想做的事。A. talent天赋；B. quality质量；C. nature自然；D. condition状况，条件。分析语境可知，此处指的是她是盲人，看不清楚东西这个状况（condition）。故选D项。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她最大的挑战是平衡木。A. doubt怀疑；B. advantage优点；C. challenge挑战；D. program节目。根据下文“Because she has double vision, she often sees two beams.”可知，因为她视力重影，她经常看到两道光束，因此可知她在看平衡木的时候，也可能重影，而在平衡木上练体操，对她来说就更是一个挑战（challenge）。故选C项。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：洛拉说：“你必须相信你的大脑会把你带到你想去的地方”。A. examine检查；B. express表达；C. open打开；D. trust相信。此处知萝拉对自己很自信，虽然眼睛看不见，但是她信任自己的大脑，相信（trust）大脑能带她去想去的地方。故选D项。 41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对任何人来说，平衡木可能是最可怕的，因为它有4英寸宽。A. fearful害怕的；B. harmful有害的；C. unfair不公平的；D. inconvenient不方便的。平衡木很窄，只有四英寸宽，很容易摔下来，这对一个视力正常的选手都是很可怕的（fearful），故选A项。 42．考查介词词义辨析。句意：在州比赛中，萝拉没有从平衡木上摔下来。A. to向……；B. on在……上面；C. off下来；D. against反对。根据上一句“The beam is probably the most __11_  for anyone because it’s four inches wide.”可知，平衡木因为很窄，连正常选手都有可能从上面摔下来，而萝拉没有摔下来（fall off），空格处缺少介词off。故选C项。 43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：萝拉不想被对待和其他女孩不同的待遇。A. greeted欢迎；B. treated对待；C. served服务；D. paid支付。根据下文“At the competitions, the judges don’t know about her vision ___14 __ .”可知，比赛的时候，评委们不知道她有视力问题，是因为萝拉想和正常的选手一样参加比赛，不因为自己是盲人而被区别对待（treated），故选B项。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在比赛中，评委们不知道她的视力问题。A. pains痛苦；B. stresses压力；C. injuries伤害；D. problems问题。根据上文可知，萝拉是一个盲人，此处指的是她在视力方面的问题（problems）。故选D项。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她妈妈对她积极的态度很惊讶。A. positive积极的；    B. friendly友好的；C. flexible有弹性的；D. cautious谨慎的。分析语境可知，萝拉妈妈惊讶自己的女儿，在比赛中也有这样积极（positive）乐观的态度，符合上下文语境，故选A项。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：萝拉从来没想过要退出。A. defending辩护；B. quitting退出；C. winning赢得；D. bargaining讨价还价。根据下文“She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her 17__is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids　　18　　she grew up.”可知，她现在的体操是7级，她的更高目标是9级，而且她想长大了，成为一名体操教练，把她的所学教给其他的学生。因此，萝拉是一个非常积极乐观的人，不但刻苦训练，而且有着远大理想。可推出，空格处意思是不“退出（quitting）”。故选B项。 47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的目标是达到9级。A. standard标准；B. range范围；C. view视野；D. goal目标。根据下文“Her 17__is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids　　18　　she grew up.”可知，萝拉想成为一名体操教练，把她的所学教给其他的学生，说明她是一个有明确目标的人。可推出，达到9级是她的目标（goal）。故选D项。 48．考查连词词义辨析。句意：她说她想成为一名体操教练，在她长大后把所学的传给其他孩子。A. until直到；B. as随着；C. when当……时候；D. before在……以前。分析句子结构，这是一个时间状语从句，当她长大的时候（when），她要当一名体操教练。故选C项。 49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：萝拉为她的努力和成功感到骄傲。A. proud骄傲的；B. tired疲惫的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. confident自信的。根据上文以及“all her hard work and success.”可知，萝拉身为盲人，但是她无论是平时训练还是参赛时，都不想被区别对待，体操达到7级，在比赛中成绩也非常优异。因此，她对自己的努力和成功感到骄傲（proud）。故选A项。 50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她对别人的建议是“相信自己”。A. plan计划；B. advice建议；C. reward奖励；D. responsibility责任。句中“just believe yourself(相信自己)”是萝莉给别人的建议（advice）。故选B项。 Passage7 （2024届·甘肃张掖一模） Born and raised in Dunhuang, Northwest China’s Gansu Province, Yao Yanbei has long been lost in the cultural heritage of the city. She 51 to Dunhuang as a promising 52 after graduating from a college in Xiamen. In 2016, inspired by patterns in Dunhuang murals (壁画), Yao 53 a toy camel. “Through the toy camel, I intended to 54 the spirit of the locals who are usually tough-minded and hard-working,” Yao said. In August 2017, Yao spent nearly a month inside grottoes (石窟) drawing the murals. “Staying in the grottoes from dawn to dusk, I felt 55 connected with the ancient artists who 56 the murals. It was an amazing 57 ,” she said. Inspired by the sculptures and murals, Yao later designed some innovative products, including T-shirts, bookmarks, pocket mirrors and key rings. Thanks to the efforts of designers like Yao, the 58 and creative industry began to take root in Dunhuang. Starting from 2018, every year the city has 59 an international design week to help 60 the industry. “By pooling the wisdom of designers from home and abroad, we want to make Dunhuang’s creative 61 more fashionable,” said Liu Mengxing, a vice general manager of a local company.     Looking ahead at her 62 in design, Yao plans to 63 Dunhuang’s ancient art further and apply the wisdom of ancient artists to products of modern life. “I want to design more creative products that 64 more international customers,” said Yao. “I hope my design can bring people 65 to Dunhuang.” 51．A．travelled B．escaped C．came D．returned 52．A．architect B．designer C．author D．engineer 53．A．drew B．bought C．imagined D．created 54．A．obtain B．test C．convey D．comment 55．A．spiritually B．emotionally C．physically D．materially 56．A．wrote B．painted C．displayed D．watched 57．A．experience B．memory C．discovery D．attempt 58．A．traditional B．modern C．cultural D．ancient 59．A．pooled B．showed C．held D．taken 60．A．promote B．strengthen C．change D．enlarge 61．A．industry B．products C．environment D．pictures 62．A．preparations B．job C．future D．career 63．A．apply B．explore C．conduct D．touch 64．A．test out B．result in C．rely on D．appeal to 65．A．closer B．deeper C．stronger D．better 【答案】 51．D 52．B 53．D 54．C 55．A 56．B 57．A 58．C 59．C 60．A 61．B 62．D 63．B 64．D 65．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述文创设计师Yao Yanbei在文创设计上做出了突出贡献，弘扬了敦煌的艺术文化，在他们这些文创设计师的影响下，文创产业在敦煌扎根。 51． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从厦门的一所大学毕业后，她回到敦煌，成为了一名很有前途的设计师。A. travelled旅行；B. escaped逃跑；C. came来；D. returned返回。根据上文中的“Born and raised in Dunhuang”以及下文中的“to Dunhuang”可知，此处指的是她毕业后“回到”敦煌。故选D。 52．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. architect建筑师；B. designer设计师；C. author作者；D. engineer工程师。根据下文中的“Thanks to the efforts of designers like Yao”可知，Yao是一名有前途的“设计师”。故选B。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年，受敦煌壁画图案的启发，Yao创作了一只玩具骆驼。A. drew画；B. bought买；C. imagined想象；D. created创作。根据空后的“a toy camel”及语境可知，玩具骆驼是文创产品，应该是“创作”出一只玩具骆驼。故选D。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Yao说：“我想通过这只玩具骆驼来传达当地人坚强、勤奋的精神。”A. obtain获得；B. test测试；C. convey传达，传递；D. comment评论。根据前文的“Through the toy camel”和下文的“the spirit of the locals who are usually tough-minded and hard-working”可推断，Yao想要通过这只玩具骆驼传达当地人坚强、勤奋的精神，故选C。 55．考查副词词义辨析。句意：从早到晚待在石窟里，我觉得自己与绘制壁画的古代艺术家在精神上是相通的。A. spiritually在精神上；B. emotionally情感地；C. physically 身体上；D. materially实质地。根据下文的“the ancient artists”可知，与绘制壁画的古代艺术家的联系应该是精神上的。故选A。 56．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. wrote写；B. painted画、绘制；C. displayed展览；D. watched观看。分析句子结构可知，此处是who引导的定语从句，先行词为artists，空后为“壁画”，由此可知，艺术家是“绘制”壁画。故选B。 57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一种奇妙的经历，”她说。A. experience经历，体验；B. memory记忆；C. discovery发现；D. attempt尝试，努力。根据上文“Staying in the grottoes from dawn to dusk…”可知，从早到晚都待在石窟里，与古代画家精神相通是一种奇妙的经历，故选A。 58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在Yao等设计师的努力下，文化创意产业开始在敦煌扎根。A. traditional传统的；B. modern现代的；C. cultural文化的；D. ancient古代的。根据文章首句中“the cultural heritage of the city”可知，敦煌有很多文化遗址，因此有关敦煌的创意产业是文化产业。故选C。 59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从2018年开始，这座城市每年都会举办国际设计周，以促进该行业的发展。A. pooled集中资源；B. showed展示；C. held举行；D. taken拿，取。根据空后的“an international design week”可知，此处指举办国际设计周，故选C。 60．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. promote促进，推动；B. strengthen加强，增强；C. change改变；D. enlarge扩大。根据下文中的“we want to make Dunhuang’s creative ___11___ more fashionable”可知，举办设计周是为了“促进”敦煌的产业发展。故选A。 61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“通过汇集国内外设计师的智慧，我们希望让敦煌的创意产品更加时尚，”当地一家公司的副总经理Liu Mengxing说。A. industry工业；B. products产品；C. environment环境；D. pictures图片。根据上文“Inspired by the sculptures and murals, Yao later designed some innovative products(受到雕塑和壁画的启发，Yao后来设计了一些创新产品)”以及空前“By pooling the wisdom of designers from home and abroad”可知，设计师是设计与敦煌文化相关的文化创意产品，故汇集众多设计师的智慧是为了让文创产品更时尚，故选B。 62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：展望未来的设计生涯，Yao计划进一步探索敦煌的古代艺术，并将古代艺术家的智慧运用到现代生活的产品中。A. preparations准备；B. job工作；C. future未来；D. career事业。根据下文“I want to design more creative products that ___14___ more international customers”可知，Yao展望自己的设计事业，故选D。 63．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. apply运用；B. explore探索；C. conduct实施，组织；D. touch触摸。根据下文中的“apply the wisdom of ancient artists to products of modern life.”可知，只有进一步“探索”才会把古人的智慧应用到现代生活中。故选B。 64．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我想设计出更有创意的产品，吸引更多的国际客户，”Yao说。A. test out对……进行彻底检验；B. result in导致；C. rely on依靠；D. appeal to吸引。根据下文“I hope my design can bring people ___15___ to Dunhuang.”可知，Yao想要设计更多创意产品“吸引”更多国际顾客来敦煌，故选D。 65．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望我的设计能拉近人们与敦煌的距离。A. closer更近；B. deeper更深；C. stronger更强壮；D. better更好。根据上文中的“Through the toy camel, I intended to ___4___ the spirit of the locals who are usually tough-minded and hard-working”以及上一句上文“I want to design more creative products that ___14___ more international customers”可知，Yao想通过玩具骆驼传达当地人的精神，并想设计出更有创意的产品，吸引更多的国际客户，由此可推断，此处指的是Yao想让更多的人了解敦煌，“拉近”人们与敦煌的距离。故选A。 Passage8 【2024届河南省鹤壁市高中高三第二次模拟试题】 Are you impressed by the mountains in Avatar? The real ones are in Zhangjiajie. For those who love nature, Zhangjiajie is a must. Zhangjiajie National Park is now 36 UNESCO World Heritage site, one that has seen tourism boom, stimulating economic 37   ( grow), and providing a lot of job 38 (opportunity) for the locals. Over the years, the rock caves and karst (喀斯特) formations 39 (lead) people to call it a “fairyland”. The park has thick forests, deep canyons, unusual peaks, caves, and pillar-like (像柱子似的) rock formations blanketed throughout the park. These pillar-like rock formations are what the park is famous for around the world. One of the fastest and most 40 (effort) ways to experience the area is by 41 (ride) up the world’s tallest outdoor elevator. The 326-meter-tall glass Bailong Elevator 42 (build) onto the side of a cliff at the start of this century and offers amazing views of the park. Many endangered species of animals and plants can be found there, 43 inspired the Chinese government to begin conservation efforts 44 (protect) the landscape of Zhangjiajie. Zhangjiajie is also home 45 the world’s tallest bungee jump as well as the famous Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon Glass Bridge — which is the highest and the longest glass bridge of its kind. 【答案】 36．a 37．growth 38．opportunities 39．have led 40．effortless 41．riding 42．was built 43．which 44．to protect 45．to 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界遗产张家界的自然景观、丰富物种和游乐设施。 36．考查冠词。句意：张家界国家公园现在已被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，它见证了旅游业的蓬勃发展，刺激了经济增长，并为当地人提供了大量的就业机会。根据句意和句中的单数可数名词site可知，空格处应该填入一个不定冠词a或an表示数量；因为空格后的UNESCO的发音是辅音音素开头，所以应该用冠词a。故填a。 37．考查名词。句意：张家界国家公园现在已被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，它见证了旅游业的蓬勃发展，刺激了经济增长，并为当地人提供了大量的就业机会。根据句意和所给动词grow以及空格前的economic可知，空格处应该填入grow的名词形式growth作stimulating的宾语。故填growth。 38．考查可数名词单复数。句意：张家界国家公园现在已被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产，它见证了旅游业的蓬勃发展，刺激了经济增长，并为当地人提供了大量的就业机会。根据句意和空格前的a lot of以及所给可数名词opportunity可知，空格处应该填入opportunity的复数形式opportunities。故填opportunities。 39．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，这里的岩洞和喀斯特地貌让人们称之为“仙境”。分析句子结构可知，空格处为该句子的谓语部分。因句中有常与现在完成时态连用的时间状语over the years(多年来)，所以应该使用现在完成时态，又因主语the rock caves and karst (喀斯特) formations是and连接的可数名词复数，因此助动词应该用have。故填have led。 40．考查形容词。句意：最快、最轻松的体验方式之一就是乘坐世界上最高的户外电梯。根据句意和所给名词effort以及空格前的the fastest and most可知，空格处应该填入和fastest并列的形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词ways，且意义为“不需费力的”。故填effortless。 41．考查动名词。句意：最快、最轻松的体验方式之一就是乘坐世界上最高的户外电梯。根据句意和空格前的介词by以及所给动词ride可知，空格处应该填入ride的动名词形式riding作介词by的宾语。故填riding。 42．考查时态及语态。句意：本世纪初，326米高的玻璃白龙电梯建在悬崖边上，从这里可以看到公园令人惊叹的景色。分析句子结构可知，空格处为句子中谓语部分。因主语the 326-meter-tall glass Bailong Elevator与动词build之间是被动关系，故使用被语态，再结合语境可知“修建”发生在过去，所以应使用一般过去的被动词语态。故填was built。 43．考查定语从句。句意：这里有许多濒临灭绝的动植物物种，这促使中国政府开始努力保护张家界的景观。 根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对前面主句的内容进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替前面主句的内容在从句在作主语。故填which。 44．考查不定式。句意：这里有许多濒临灭绝的动植物物种，这促使中国政府开始努力保护张家界的景观。根据句意和空格前的名词efforts以及所给动词protect可知，空格处应该填入不定式形式to protect作定语，修饰前面的名词efforts。故填to protect。 45．考查介词。句意：张家界还有世界上最高的蹦极，以及著名的张家界大峡谷玻璃桥，它是同类玻璃桥中最高最长的。根据句意和空格前的home可知，此处是考查固定搭配be home to（为……的所在地）。故填to。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Meeting the Muse 话题阅读精练 主题词汇积累 一、核心单词 1. quote /kwəʊt/ n. 引文，引语 2. float /fləʊt/ v. 浮，漂 3. folk /fəʊk/ adj. 民间的，民俗的 4. tale /teɪl/ n. 故 5. motion /ˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n. 动，运动 6. compose /kəmˈpəʊz/ v. 作（曲） 7. crouch /kraʊtʃ/ v. 蹲下；蹲伏 8. peacock /ˈpiːkɒk/ n. （雄）孔雀 9. princess /ˌprɪnˈses/ n. 公主 10. ethnic /ˈeθnɪk/ adj. 民族的 11. abstract /ˈæbstrækt/ adj. 抽象（派）的 12. awe - inspiring /ˈɔːɪnˌspaɪərɪŋ/ adj. 令人起敬的，令人钦佩的 13. installation /ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 现代雕塑装置 14. wire /waɪə/ n. 金属丝；电线 15. cable /ˈkeɪbl/ n. 电缆 16. innovative /ˈɪnəvətɪv/ adj. 新颖的，创新的 17. trend /trend/ n. 趋势，动向 18. contrast /ˈkɒntrɑːst/ n. 反差，对比 19. Greek /ɡriːk/ adj. 希腊的 20. literally /ˈlɪt(ə)rəli/ adv. 根据字面意思 21. technician /tekˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 巧匠 22. animation /ˌænɪˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 动画片 23. distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ adj. 清晰的；明显不同的 二、重点短语 1. on display 展出，陈列 2. turn to 转向，求助于 3. pass down 使世代相传 4. come to life 苏醒过来，变得活跃 5. feel grateful for 因……而感激 6. bring out 使显现，使表现出 7. be composed of 由……组成 8. come true 实现 9. be tired from 因……而劳累 10. check out 核查 11. come to one's mind 出现在某人脑海中 12. light up 点亮，照亮 13. a variety of 各种各样的 14. lead to 导致 15. up to 直到，多达 16. be unfamiliar with 对……不熟悉 17. have an effect on 对……有影响 18. take in 理解，领会；欺骗 19. be known as 作为……而出名 20. rather than 而不是 时文拓展阅读 A.I.-Generated Art Is Already Transforming Creative Work For years, the conventional wisdom among Silicon Valley futurists was that artificial intelligence and automation spelled doom for blue-collar workers whose jobs involved repetitive manual labor. Truck drivers, retail cashiers and warehouse workers would all lose their jobs to robots, they said, while workers in creative fields like art, entertainment and media would be safe. Well, an unexpected thing happened recently: A.I. entered the creative class. In the past few months, A.I.-based image generators like DALL-E 2, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion have made it possible for anyone to create unique, hyper-realistic images just by typing a few words into a textbox. These apps, though new, are already surprisingly popular. It’s still too early to tell whether this new wave of apps will end up costing artists and illustrators their jobs. What seems clear, though, is that these tools are already being put to use in creative industries. Sarah Drummond, a service designer in London, started using A.I.-generated images a few months ago to replace the black-and-white sketches she did for her job. These were usually basic drawings that visually represented processes she was trying to design improvements for. Instead of spending hours creating what she called “blob drawings” by hand, Ms Drummond now types what she wants into DALL-E 2 or Midjourney. She also acknowledged that A.I. image generators had limitations. They aren’t good at more complex sketches, for example, or creating multiple images with the same character. And like the other creative professionals, she said she didn’t think A.I. designers would replace human illustrators outright. 【译文欣赏】 人工智能生成的艺术正在改变创意工作 多年来，硅谷未来主义者的传统观点是，人工智能和自动化意味着从事重复性体力劳动的蓝领工人的末日。他们说，卡车司机、零售收银员和仓库工人都会被机器人抢走工作，而艺术、娱乐和媒体等创意领域的工作者则会安然无恙。然而，最近一件意想不到的事情发生了：人工智能进入了创意领域。 在过去的几个月里，像DALL-E 2、Midjourney和Stable Diffusion这样基于人工智能的图像生成器，让任何人都可以通过在文本框中输入几个字来创建独特的、超逼真的图像。这些应用程序虽然是新出现的，但已经出奇地受欢迎。 现在判断这一波新的应用程序是否最终会让艺术家和插画师失去工作还为时过早。不过，似乎很清楚的是，这些工具已经在创意产业中得到了应用。伦敦的服务设计师莎拉·德拉蒙德几个月前开始使用人工智能生成的图像，来取代她为工作所做的黑白草图。这些通常是基本的绘图，直观地展示了她试图设计改进的流程。德拉蒙德女士现在不用花几个小时手工绘制她所谓的“团状绘图”，而是把她想要的东西输入DALL-E 2或Midjourney。她也承认人工智能图像生成器有局限性。例如，它们不擅长更复杂的草图，或者创建具有相同角色的多个图像。而且，和其他创意专业人士一样，她说她认为人工智能设计师不会完全取代人类插画师。 【词汇积累】 • conventional：adj. 传统的，常规的 • wisdom：n. 智慧，明智 • spell doom for：意味着……的末日 • repetitive：adj. 重复的 • manual labor：体力劳动 • hyper - realistic：adj. 超现实的 • end up：最终成为，最后处于 • outright：adv. 完全地，彻底地 【知识拓展】 人工智能在艺术领域的应用现状：除了文中提到的图像生成器，人工智能还被用于音乐创作、文学写作等领域。例如，有软件可以根据给定的风格和主题创作音乐，也有工具能生成故事、诗歌等。 对艺术创作的影响：人工智能为艺术创作提供了新的手段和思路，降低了创作门槛，让更多人能够参与到艺术创作中。但同时，也引发了关于艺术本质的讨论，如人工智能生成的作品是否具有人类艺术作品中的情感和创造力等。 【词汇延伸】 与“艺术”相关词汇：artwork（艺术品）、artist（艺术家）、illustration（插画）、creativity（创造力）、inspiration（灵感）。 与“人工智能”相关词汇：artificial intelligence（人工智能）、machine learning（机器学习）、deep learning（深度学习）、virtual reality（虚拟现实）。 高考真题链接 （2025年全国高考一卷） In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 21. Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A. Ninth graders. B. Students’ parents. C. Modern writers. D. Fictional characters. 22. Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A. They were not given enough time. B. They had a very limited vocabulary. C. They misunderstood the question. D. They had little interest in the topic. 23. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing. 24. What does the author’s experience show? A. Teaching is learning. B. Still waters run deep. C. Knowledge is power. D. Practice makes perfect. 【答案】21. D 22. D 23. B 24. A 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. (大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。 【23题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中划线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing (惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章最后一段中“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning (教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。 命题特点 考查对象明确:多为生词（课标外词汇，如派生词、合成词）、熟词生义（常见词的不常见用法，如“check”表“寄存”）、固定短语（如“break the ice”）或指代性内容（如代词“it”“this”指代的具体对象）。偶尔涉及对复杂句子含义的推断（需结合上下文梳理逻辑）。 语境依赖性强:答案几乎都能通过该词句所在的前后句、段落逻辑或全文主旨找到线索，不依赖课外知识，侧重“语境猜义”而非“词汇量记忆”。 位置分布集中:多位于长难句、逻辑转折处（如but/however）、因果关系处（如because/so）或举例说明处（如for example），这些位置通常有明确的解释或提示信息。 命题规律 线索设置有固定方向:命题人会在目标词句附近设置“提示信号”，常见类型： 定义/解释：通过“that is”“in other words”“which means”等引出解释； 举例说明：通过“such as”“for instance”“like”列举例子辅助理解； 逻辑关系：通过转折（but/however）、因果（so/therefore）、递进（furthermore）等关联词暗示含义； 同义/反义替换：上下文出现与目标词句意思相近（如“similarly”）或相反（如“unlike”）的表达； 生活常识/背景信息：结合段落主题（如“环保”“科技”）推断相关词汇含义（如“sustainable”结合环保主题可猜为“可持续的”）。 词句猜测题解题思维 定位原文，圈划上下文：找到目标词句在原文的位置，重点阅读其前一句、后一句，以及所在段落的首尾句（把握段落主题，避免孤立理解）。 抓“提示信号”，找逻辑线索：聚焦上文提到的“定义、举例、关联词、同义反义”等信号，提炼与目标词句相关的“解释性内容”。 结合主题，初步推断：若上下文线索不明显，结合全文主旨或段落核心话题缩小范围（如主题是“网络安全”，则“hacker”可优先猜为与“网络攻击”相关的人）。 词句猜测干扰项特征 字面意思迷惑：直接取目标词的常见含义（尤其针对“熟词生义”题），但与上下文语境不符。 脱离上下文，过度联想：基于目标词的字面意思或常识随意扩展，加入原文未提及的信息。 与部分线索矛盾：仅符合上下文某一处信息，但与整体逻辑冲突（如忽略转折词后的内容）。 偷换概念：用与目标词句相关但不同的概念替换（如将“specific（具体的）”偷换为“detailed（详细的）”，二者含义相近但不完全等同，需结合语境区分）。 1. In my ninth - grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern - day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. 结构拆解： 主干：I met a cowboy..., a strict father..., and a modern - day Juliet...（主谓宾结构，“a cowboy + 定语从句”“a strict father + 定语从句”“a modern - day Juliet + 定语从句” 并列作宾语 ） 修饰成分：“In my ninth - grade writing class last year” 是时间、地点状语，说明事件发生背景； 三个定语从句 “who saved his town”（修饰cowboy ）、“who demanded his son earn straight A’s”（修饰strict father ，其中 “demand sb. (should) do sth.” 是虚拟语气，省略should ）、“who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life”（修饰modern - day Juliet ，“after...” 是时间状语从句 ）。 2. Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. 结构拆解： 主干：Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence...（由and连接的并列句，分别描述作文 “篇幅短” 和 “缺论点句” 两个问题 ） 修饰成分：“that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement” 是定语从句，修饰 “a sentence” ，说明句子的性质（可被解读为论点陈述 ）。 3. For the next two assignments, a personal - narrative unit followed by a creative - writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. 结构拆解： 主干：I only required that... and that...（主谓宾结构，“required” 后接两个并列的宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，即 “(should) + 动词原形” ，should 可省略 ） 修饰成分：“For the next two assignments, a personal - narrative unit followed by a creative - writing workshop” 是状语，说明 “布置作业” 的背景（作业类型：个人叙事单元 + 创意写作工作坊 ）。 1. more than once：不止一次 2. fill less than one page：不足一页 3. strike sb. as...：给某人……的印象；让某人觉得 4. a health - related topic：一个与健康相关的话题 5. meet the specifications of...：符合……的要求；达到……的规范 6. take on diverse topics：涉及不同的话题 7. turn in：提交；上交 8. persuasive piece：议论文；有说服力的文章 9. personal - narrative unit：个人叙事单元 10. creative - writing workshop：创意写作工作坊 综合实战演练 Passage 1 （2024届·河南信阳一模） The Best Podcasts for Everyone A podcast is a sound file similar to a radio broadcast, which can be downloaded and listened to on a computer or iPod. You can find a podcast about almost anything these days, but you might need a helping hand to find the podcasts worthy of your ear. Our expertly chosen list will entertain and educate you, whether you’re doing the dishes, working out, or relaxing in the bath. 1. Revisionist History In this mix of strange stories, Malcolm Gladwell, a famous writer, handles misunderstood events and rarely discussed ideas, covering subjects like Toyota’s car recall and even the firebombing of Tokyo at the end of World War II. Gladwell freely mixes research and opinion and enjoys challenging conventional views, but every episode serves up facts and stories you have likely never heard before. 2. The Read Kid Fury and Crissle West, famous comedians, review the latest pop culture news and offer their opinions on everything. Funny and challenging, these conversations run for a couple of hours, covering recent events and frequently touching on social justice, mental health and race. 3. Forever35 Forever35 started as a physical self-care podcast but expanded to discuss mental health, relationships, and any other topic that appeals to writers Doree Shafrir and Kate Spencer. They go from chatting about skin creams to seasonal emotional disorder—but always in a fun, inclusive, and down-to-earth way. 4. Hidden Brain An absorbing deep dive into human behavior related to brains with the help of scientists, Hidden Brain is packed with informative messages. The host, National Public Radio’s accomplished science journalist Shankar Vedantam, makes complex ideas accessible. 5. The Infinite Monkey Cage This show, hosted by physicist Brian Cox and comedian Robin Ince, raises questions like “Does time exist?”—which are then debated by a diverse panel of three guests, usually a mix of experts and entertainers. Definite answers are in short supply, but it’s always accessible, enthusiastic, and makes audience think deeply. Special offer for readers: Get a 1-year subscription to WIRED for $5 ($25 off). This includes unlimited access to WIRED．com. If you buy something using links in our stories, this helps support our work. 7．What is this text? A．A book review. B．A course plan. C．An academic article. D．An online advertisement. 8．How many podcasts are associated with natural science? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 9．Which podcast interests listeners who want to stay young and healthy? A．The Read. B．Forever35. C．Hidden Brain. D．The Infinite Monkey Cage. Passage 2 【2024届河南省鹤壁市高中高三第二次模拟试题】 Saying farewell to someone you love, even for a night, can be difficult, much less saying goodbye for a lifetime or forever in death. Juliet bid Romeo adieu (再见) for the evening with the words, “Parting is such sweet sorrow.” Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron. But this seeming contradiction is true in the context of relationships. Relationships are based on feelings, emotions, and passion. Deep friendships and loving relationships are measured by the level of emotional attachment. Emotions intensify over time. People spend time with the people they like. The more one person likes another person, the closer the relationship becomes. Each person in the relationship receives an emotional benefit from knowing the other person. Saying goodbye means separating from the people who make up a significant part of your emotional identity. Separation, even a temporary absence, from the people you have a deep emotional connection with can cause sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their company. The sweet side of saying goodbye is the emotional fulfillment of being in a close relationship. The time spent together is emotionally rewarding, especially if that person is seen as a soulmate. Humans are social beings. We seek the love and comfort of other people. Loneliness devastates the human condition and leads to sadness. Sad people will do anything they can to find fulfilling relationships. Likewise, happy people will do anything they can to maintain or enhance relationships. Herein lies the essential point of the emotional problem. The more intense relationships become, the more devastating the emotional loss that is felt upon separation. The exhilaration of relationships cannot be truly measured without experiencing the overwhelming loss of a deep emotional connection. Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as you can; knowing the pain you will feel at the end of the relationship is the true measure of the relationship. If it doesn’t hurt to say goodbye, perhaps it wasn’t worth saying hello. 8．Which of the word group can create the same effect as “sweet sorrow”? A．icy cold B．clicking sound C．deafening silence D．endless speech 9．What can we learn from paragraph 3? A．Saying goodbye is unavoidable in our daily life. B．The companion of close friends can lessen sorrow. C．A person’s identity is connected with relationship. D．Separation is the sorrowful part of saying goodbye. 10．What gives a person emotional satisfaction in social life? A．Making more communication with others. B．Building deep emotional connections with others. C．Comforting friends with love and intense feelings. D．Being a thoughtful person by standing in others’ shoes. 11．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Sweet sorrow is very common in close relationships. B．The pain of separation is the measure of relationships. C．Human beings are eager to get emotional fulfillment. D．Happiness is meaningless without sadness to compare it. Passage 3 （2024届·河南信阳一模） The possible explanations for the natural roots of envy are easy to imagine. Social comparison is how we judge our relative place in society, and thus how we know what to achieve in order to stay competitive for resources. When we see that we fall behind others, the pain we feel often encourages us to build ourselves up—or to tear others down. How people act in the face of this pain has led some scholars to distinguish between kind envy and harmful envy. The former is miserable, but is met with a desire for self-improvement and to catch up with the envied person. In contrast, harmful envy leads to destructive actions, such as hostile thoughts and behavior intended to harm the other person. Kind envy occurs when you believe that admiration for the other person is deserved; harmful envy kicks in when you believe it isn’t. Envy—especially when harmful—is terrible for you. Scientists find that envying other people stimulates the brain, which is associated with both physical and mental pain. It can also spoil your future. Ordinarily, people become psychologically healthier as they age; envy can prevent this trend. Even though other studies have shown that kind envy might encourage your ambition, this one did not find that envy predicted later economic success at all. To feel envy, you need to have exposure to people who appear more fortunate than you. That is simple enough in ordinary interactions. But the conditions of envy explode if we expose people to a wide group of strangers presenting their lives to look as splendid, successful, and happy as possible. Obviously, I am describing social media. In fact, academics have even used the term Facebook envy to capture the uniquely fertile circumstances that social media creates for this destructive emotion. If I could snap (捻) my fingers and wipe out envy from my life, I would, and I bet you would too. But envy is natural, and getting rid of it would be impossible for all but perhaps the most enlightened (开明的) people. Lots of research shows that gratitude destroys envy. So, next time the dog of envy barks inside you, quiet it with thoughts of the people who love you, the things you enjoy, and the good fortune you have had. 5．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By making comparisons. B．By giving explanations. C．By making a judgement. D．By imagining a scene. 6．What has been found by scientists about envy? A．People of kind envy usually live a miserable life. B．Harmful envy occurs when people deny their beliefs. C．Envy may contribute to terrible suffering to people. D．It proves that kind envy contributes to great success. 7．Why is the term Facebook envy used by academics? A．To refer to a phenomenon common in social media. B．To describe how destructive the harmful emotion is. C．To show how splendid and happy people’s lives are. D．To illustrate the influence of ordinary interactions. 8．What can prevent us from being envious? A．Finger snaps and dog barks. B．Gratefulness and appreciation. C．Thoughtfulness and confidence. D．Self-improvement and optimism. Passage 4 （2024届·四川泸州一模） Timothy Harrison had planned to attend his high school graduation. He’d even told his manager who runs a Waffle House (a kind of cake shop) that he would take time off. But when the day began, Harrison found himself unable to go there. 11 Because his family members were working, no one could drive him there. Much to the surprise of his manager Cedric Hampton, Harrison showed up at the Waffle House. 12 First, he didn’t have a way to get to the graduation. Besides, he’d missed out on picking up his cap and gown. Once Hampton heard the details, he immediately organized his Waffle House workers for action. “I could see in his eyes that he really wanted to go, and I was going to get him there no matter what,” Hampton said. “ 13 ” Within twenty minutes, Harrison was carried to school to bring back his cap and gown and then back at the Waffle House. To his surprise, he also received a new suit of clothes for his high school graduation. 14 Meanwhile, a couple of generous shoppers contributed as well to help him celebrate this day. Harrison was now properly dressed. 15 It was a close call, but thanks to Hampton, the soon-to-be graduate just made it. “When I sat down in that hall, it was the best time of my life.” Harrison said. “This is an experience I will value forever. I felt very thankful to my manager and those people who helped me. I’m going to tell my kids about this.” A．Harrison did not know what to do next. B．He should have told me his plan earlier. C．No kid should miss their high school graduation. D．Harrison was thankful to his parents for their efforts. E．It was picked up and paid for by his coworkers. F．The next problem was how to get him to the hall on time. G．The hall in which the event was being held was too far away. 15．空后“It was a close call, but thanks to Hampton, the soon-to-be graduate just made it.(这是一次千钧一的时刻，但多亏了汉普顿，这位即将毕业的学生终于成功了)”说明了时间很紧，F选项“The next problem was how to get him to the hall on time.(下一个问题是如何准时把他送到大厅)”说明了下一个问题是如何准时到，和后文的时间紧张相呼应，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选F。 Passage5 （2024届·四川泸州一模） Do Lobsters Feel Pain? The traditional method for cooking a lobster (龙虾) — boiling it alive — raises the question of whether or not lobsters feel pain. 16 . Lobsters go bad very quickly after they die, and eating a dead lobster increases the risk of illness and reduces the quality of its flavor. However, if lobsters are capable of feeling pain, the method and others, such as storing the live lobster on ice, raise moral questions for chefs and lobster eaters alike. 17 . Lobsters have a peripheral system like humans, but instead of a single brain, they possess nerve cluster (神经簇). Because of this difference, some researchers argue lobsters are too dissimilar to vertebrates (脊椎动物) to feel pain. Nonetheless, lobsters do satisfy all of the standard for a pain response. Lobsters guard their injuries, learn to avoid dangerous situations, respond to anesthetics, and are believed to possess some level of consciousness. So most scientists believe that injuring a lobster causes physical pain. 18 , so it is now becoming illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice. Currently, boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland, New Zealand, and the Italian city Reggio Emilia. The most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun. This device electrocutes a lobster, making it unconscious in less than half a second or killing it in 5 to 10 seconds. 19 . Unfortunately, the CrustaStun is too expensive for most restaurants and people to afford. Some restaurants place a lobster in a plastic bag and place it in the freezer for a couple of hours, during which time it loses consciousness and dies. 20 , but it is probably the most humane option for killing a lobster before cooking and eating it. A．This solution is not ideal B．And then, it can be cut apart or boiled C．Lobsters are popular food in many countries D．There is growing evidence that lobsters may feel pain E．Scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters feel pain F．Many restaurants choose more humane methods to cook it G．This cooking way is used to improve humans’ dining experience Passage6 （2024届·陕西渭南一模） A Leap（跳跃）to Honor. Leaping on a narrow balance beam（平衡木） is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it. To perfect her skills, Lola 31 for four hours a day, five days a week. At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls. That’s especially impressive, 32 she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She often sees double and can’t 33 how far away things are. When she was little, her mom 34 that even though she couldn’t see 35 , she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved the 36 right away and gymnastics became her favorite. Though learning gymnastics has been more 37 for her than for some of her teammates, she has never quit. She doesn’t let her 38 stop her from doing anything that she wants to. She likes the determination it takes to do the sport. Her biggest 39 is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees two beams. She must use her sense of touch to help her during her routine. Sometimes she even closes her eyes. “You have to 40 your mind that it’ll take you where you want to go,” says Lola. To be a top-level gymnast, one must be brave. The beam is probably the most 41 for anyone because it’s four inches wide. At the state competition, Lola didn’t fall 42 the beam. In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10---- her highest score yet. Lola doesn’t want to be 43 differently from the other girls on her team. At the competitions, the judges don’t know about her vision 44 . She doesn’t tell them, because she doesn’t think they need to know. Her mom is amazed by her 45 attitude. Lola never thinks about 46 . She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her   47 is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids 48 she grew up. Lola is 49 of all her hard work and success. She says it’s helped her overcome problems in her life outside gymnastics, too. Her 50 for others is “just believe yourself”. 31．A．runs B．teaches C．trains D．dances 32．A．since B．unless C．after D．though 33．A．tell B．guess C．assume D．predict 34．A．suspected B．remembered C．imagined D．noticed 35．A．deeply B．well C．ahead D．closely 36．A．task B．sport C．event D．show 37．A．boring B．enjoyable C．difficult D．unsatisfactory 38．A．talent B．quality C．nature D．condition 39．A．doubt B．advantage C．challenge D．program 40．A．examine B．express C．open D．trust 41．A．fearful B．harmful C．unfair D．inconvenient 42．A．to B．on C．off D．against 43．A．greeted B．treated C．served D．paid 44．A．pains B．stresses C．injuries D．problems 45．A．positive B．friendly C．flexible D．cautious 46．A．defending B．quitting C．winning D．bargaining 47．A．standard B．range C．view D．goal 48．A．until B．as C．when D．before 49．A．proud B．tired C．ashamed D．confident 50．A．plan B．advice C．reward D．responsibility Passage7 （2024届·甘肃张掖一模） Born and raised in Dunhuang, Northwest China’s Gansu Province, Yao Yanbei has long been lost in the cultural heritage of the city. She 51 to Dunhuang as a promising 52 after graduating from a college in Xiamen. In 2016, inspired by patterns in Dunhuang murals (壁画), Yao 53 a toy camel. “Through the toy camel, I intended to 54 the spirit of the locals who are usually tough-minded and hard-working,” Yao said. In August 2017, Yao spent nearly a month inside grottoes (石窟) drawing the murals. “Staying in the grottoes from dawn to dusk, I felt 55 connected with the ancient artists who 56 the murals. It was an amazing 57 ,” she said. Inspired by the sculptures and murals, Yao later designed some innovative products, including T-shirts, bookmarks, pocket mirrors and key rings. Thanks to the efforts of designers like Yao, the 58 and creative industry began to take root in Dunhuang. Starting from 2018, every year the city has 59 an international design week to help 60 the industry. “By pooling the wisdom of designers from home and abroad, we want to make Dunhuang’s creative 61 more fashionable,” said Liu Mengxing, a vice general manager of a local company.     Looking ahead at her 62 in design, Yao plans to 63 Dunhuang’s ancient art further and apply the wisdom of ancient artists to products of modern life. “I want to design more creative products that 64 more international customers,” said Yao. “I hope my design can bring people 65 to Dunhuang.” 51．A．travelled B．escaped C．came D．returned 52．A．architect B．designer C．author D．engineer 53．A．drew B．bought C．imagined D．created 54．A．obtain B．test C．convey D．comment 55．A．spiritually B．emotionally C．physically D．materially 56．A．wrote B．painted C．displayed D．watched 57．A．experience B．memory C．discovery D．attempt 58．A．traditional B．modern C．cultural D．ancient 59．A．pooled B．showed C．held D．taken 60．A．promote B．strengthen C．change D．enlarge 61．A．industry B．products C．environment D．pictures 62．A．preparations B．job C．future D．career 63．A．apply B．explore C．conduct D．touch 64．A．test out B．result in C．rely on D．appeal to 65．A．closer B．deeper C．stronger D．better Passage8 【2024届河南省鹤壁市高中高三第二次模拟试题】 Are you impressed by the mountains in Avatar? The real ones are in Zhangjiajie. For those who love nature, Zhangjiajie is a must. Zhangjiajie National Park is now 36 UNESCO World Heritage site, one that has seen tourism boom, stimulating economic 37   ( grow), and providing a lot of job 38 (opportunity) for the locals. Over the years, the rock caves and karst (喀斯特) formations 39 (lead) people to call it a “fairyland”. The park has thick forests, deep canyons, unusual peaks, caves, and pillar-like (像柱子似的) rock formations blanketed throughout the park. These pillar-like rock formations are what the park is famous for around the world. One of the fastest and most 40 (effort) ways to experience the area is by 41 (ride) up the world’s tallest outdoor elevator. The 326-meter-tall glass Bailong Elevator 42 (build) onto the side of a cliff at the start of this century and offers amazing views of the park. Many endangered species of animals and plants can be found there, 43 inspired the Chinese government to begin conservation efforts 44 (protect) the landscape of Zhangjiajie. Zhangjiajie is also home 45 the world’s tallest bungee jump as well as the famous Zhangjiajie Grand Canyon Glass Bridge — which is the highest and the longest glass bridge of its kind. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 8 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$