Unit 4 Natural disasters单词短语句型语法（考点专练）英语人教版2019必修第一册

Unit 4 Natural disasters 教材考点精练 单元重点单词、短语、句型、语法 教材考点 （一）重点单词 1、rescue：n. 援救，营救；营救行动 常见用法有 come/go to one's rescue，来/去营救某人 rescue workers 救援人员， the rescue team 救援队 v. 营救；援救 常用搭配为 rescue…from…把…… 从…… 营救出来 2、 damage：n. 损坏；损失；损害赔偿金 常见用法是 do/cause damage to对…… 造成损害 vt. 损害；破坏常与 badly、seriously、slightly 等副词搭配 be badly/seriously/slightly damaged，遭受严重/轻微损害 3、destroy：vt. 破坏，摧毁，毁灭 常见搭配有 be completely/totally destroyed被彻底摧毁 destroy one's life/faith/hope/confidence（毁掉某人的生活/信仰/希望/信心 4、affect：vt. 影响；vt. 深深打动；使悲伤/怜悯；（疾病）侵袭；使感染 be deeply affected by被…… 深深打动 5、shelter：n. 避难所；庇护；居所： 常见用法有 under the shelter of在…… 的庇护下 take shelter from躲避…… vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避 搭配 shelter…from… 保护…… 免受…… shelter from... 躲避…… 6、trap：vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 常用搭配为 trap sb. in...使某人困在…… n. 险境；陷阱 常用搭配为set a trap设陷阱，fall into a trap落入陷阱 7、effort：n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 常见搭配有 make an effort to do sth. = make efforts to do sth.努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事 make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事 8、suffer：vt. 遭受；蒙受：后常接 pain、loss、injury 等名词 常见搭配有 suffer pain遭受痛苦， suffer loss遭受损失 vi. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 suffer from...患…… 病；因…… 受苦 9、supply n. 供应（量）；补给；（pl.）补给品 常见短语 in short supply供应短缺 vt. 供应；供给 搭配为 supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物 （二）重点短语 natural disasters：自然灾害 raise awareness：提高意识 safety measures：安全措施 disaster relief work：赈灾工作 volcanic eruption：火山喷发 refer to：指的是；提到；查阅 rise and fall：起起伏伏 as usual：像平常一样；照例 as if/though：似乎；好像；仿佛 come to an end/stop：结束；告终；完结 cause/do damage：造成损害 cut across：横切 in ruins：严重受损，破败不堪 nothing but：只有；仅仅 tens of thousands of：数万 hundreds of thousands of：数十万 millions of：数百万；大量 instead of/rather than：而不是，代替 in shock：震惊；吃惊 fall down：倒塌；跌倒；不尽如人意 lose hope：失去希望 soon after：不久之后 dig out：挖出；找出；发现 provide medical care：提供医疗救助 get back upon one’s feet：重新站起来 the tireless efforts：不懈的努力 a home to：…… 的家园/栖息地 in times of：在…… 的时刻/关头 stay positive：保持乐观 suffer from：遭受；患病 go through：经历；仔细检查 volunteer to do sth：自愿做某事 in the open air：露天；在户外 take turns to do/doing sth：轮流做某事 tap on a pipe：轻敲管道 stay away from：远离；不接近；不去 make sure：确保；弄清楚 emergency supplies：紧急物资 first aid kit：急救箱 on hand：现有（尤指帮助） release a news report：发布新闻报道 crash into：撞上，猛撞 sweep away：消灭；彻底消除 reach a magnitude of：达到……震级 stand at sth：处于特定水平 base sth on/upon sth：以……为基础 turn... into…：变成…… carry out：执行；实行 out of gratitude：出于感激 give a presentation on：作一个关于...的报告 out of nowhere：突然发生； cause destruction：造成毁坏 a series of：一连串的；一系列的 in all directions：朝四面八方 （三）重点句型 1、 结果状语从句 so...that... 如此…… 以至于…… The earthquake was so powerful that it triggered a tsunami. 地震威力如此之大，以至于引发了海啸。 2、be about to do sth. when... 某人正要做某事，这时突然…… he man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened. 这个男人正在楼下睡觉，这时地震发生了。 3、as if 引导的从句： as if 似乎，好像，可引导表语从句和方式状语从句 He talks as if he knew everything about it. 他说起话来好像对此了如指掌，与现在事实相反 He continued working as if nothing had happened. 他继续工作，好像什么都没发生过，与过去事实相反 4、leave + 宾语 + 宾补结构： leave 是使役动词，让……处于（某种状态、某地等 A large number of buildings fell down, leaving a great many people homeless. 大量的建筑物倒塌，让许多人无家可归。 5、make + it + 形容词/名词+不定式/从句： it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或从句。 We should make it a rule to help those in need. 我们应该把帮助有需要的人当作一条准则。 （四）重点语法 限制性定语从句 【精讲·语法知识】 1. 关系代词的用法 that：指人或物，作主语或宾语（可省略） 例：The building that collapsed in the earthquake was built in 1980.（作主语） which：指物，作主语或宾语 例：The rescuer who saved the child was praised by the public.（作主语） They work at a soup kitchen every Wednesday.（状语） whose：指人或物，作定语 例：The family whose house was destroyed received help from the government.（作定语） 2.介词 + 关系代词 介词后只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人）。 例：The expert with whom we discussed the disaster is a seismologist.（with+whom） 3.注意事项 限制性定语从句不可用逗号分隔，去掉后会影响句子核心意思。 先行词为不定代词（如 all, anything）或被最高级修饰时，只能用 that。 例：This is the worst disaster that I have ever experienced. （六）重点词汇语法精练 (一)词组填空,用所给短语的正确形式填空： (trap in, deliver supplies, rescue from, cause damage, prepare for) 1. The team worked day and night to __________ food to the flood-hit villages. 2. Many people were __________ the burning building by firefighters. 3. The hurricane __________ to thousands of houses along the coast. 4. We must __________ the next storm by stocking up on water and food. 5. Some villagers are still __________ the mountains due to the landslide. （二）翻译句子 6. 救援人员从废墟中救出了三名被困的儿童。（rescue...from..., trap） 7. 政府正在向灾区运送紧急物资。（deliver supplies, disaster-hit area） 8. 那场导致数百人死亡的地震发生在 2008 年。（which/that, cause） （三）语法专练 完成定语从句 1.The man __________ saved the child is a local hero. (who/that) 2. The earthquake __________ hit the city last year was magnitude 7.0. (which/that) 3. The volunteers __________ we met helped rebuild the school. (whom/that) 4. A tsunami is a wave __________ is caused by underwater earthquakes. (which/that) 5. The family __________ house was destroyed received financial help. (whose) 模拟考点精练 一、阅读理解 （24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and wildfires, can strike at any time and cause serious harm. 1 . Below are some clear measures you can follow to prevent danger, and act safely if a disaster hits. ·Build an emergency kit. 2 : a flashlight, a first-aid kit, bottled water, food (such as energy bars), and a basic tool like a knife. Don’t forget copies of important documents (passport, ID). Keep your kit in a place you can reach in seconds. ·Know local risks and evacuation routes (疏散路线). Find out which natural disasters are common in your area—earthquakes, floods, or storms — and research the nearest shelter, high ground, or safe room. 3 . Practice following these routes so that, in an emergency, you can move calmly and quickly. · 4 . Schedule the exercises at least twice a year, which can help you remember what to do under pressure. Practice “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” for earthquakes, or “Get Low and Go” for floods. Additionally, practice basic first-aid skills, such as treating cuts, burns, or shock. If you master these skills, you can help yourself and others before professional rescuers arrive. ·Stay informed and communicate clearly. Always have a reliable way to receive updates when power fails. You can sign up for local warning systems and follow official social-media accounts. agree on a family or group meeting point and an out-of-area contact person — someone who can call (relay) messages if local lines are down. 5 A．Practice safety procedures regularly. B．Keep calm in the face of a natural disaster. C．Gather necessary things in one easy-to-carry bag. D．Draw a simple map of escape routes from your home. E．In an emergency, clear and safe communication can save lives. F．To stay safe, it is important to know when the disaster will come. G．While we cannot stop these events, we can take steps to protect ourselves. 二、完形填空 （25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）A storm with strong winds struck late on a Friday evening, knocking down trees, blocking roads, damaging homes, and destroying power lines. Thousands of people 1 found themselves in the dark without water and electricity. They found themselves cut off from the modern world while 2 37℃ plus heat with no help and no idea when it would be over. 3 , the most amazing thing happened: It brought out the best in people. People 4 their food and ice. People who still had power 5 their homes to those who had none. People rushed out to clear roads, repair the damage and 6 electricity. Neighbours 7 on front porches (前廊)to talk. People came together as one family to help one another in this time of great need. It was such a(n) 8 to see all these people acting like this under such 14 circumstances. Life’s 10 strike all of us from time to time. No one is 11 . We all get hurt. We all get challenged. We all get squeezed (逼迫)by 12 during our days. How we 13 to them, though, is up to us. We can let them bring out the 14 in us or we can let them bring out the best in us. May you always bring out the best in your heart and soul, no matter what life may 15 at you. 1．A．accidentally B．ultimately C．suddenly D．gradually 2．A．enjoying B．bearing C．increasing D．carrying 3．A．Therefore B．Thus C．However D．Besides 4．A．purchased B．sold C．transported D．shared 5．A．left B．opened C．needed D．adjusted 6．A．restore B．build C．reduce D．raise 7．A．approached B．continued C．encountered D．gathered 8．A．joy B．hurt C．favour D．affection 9．A．artificial B．identical C．tough D．intense 10．A．anxieties B．questions C．fears D．disasters 11．A．disturbed B．spared C．included D．challenged 12．A．difficulties B．conditions C．experiences D．assumptions 13．A．stick B．take C．adapt D．respond 14．A．deepest B．secret C．grace D．worst 15．A．wave B．throw C．point D．glance 三、语法填空 （25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For several days, strange things happened in Tangshan. The water in the wells rose and fell. Deep cracks appeared in the well walls, and 1 (smell) gas came out of some wells. Some animals had unusual behaviour. But people in the city, 2 were asleep as usual at night, didn’t think much of it. At 3:42 am, on 28 July, one of the most deadly 3 (earthquake) of the 20th century broke out. In less than one minute, Tangshan 4 (lie) in ruins. The number of people who were killed or 5 (terrible) injured in the quake 6 (be) more than 400,000. Later that afternoon, another big quake struck Tangshan again. Water, food, and electricity were hard 7 (get). But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, teams were organised to dig out the trapped and bury the dead. Many more people, 8 (include) workers and doctors, came to provide help. Through all the efforts, the city began to breathe again. Today, 9 new Tangshan has been built upon the earthquake ruins, which has proved 10 the whole world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 四、书信写作 （25-26高三上·广东·开学考试）假定你是李华，你市现在正值雷雨季节，你想提醒正在你校交流学习的英国学生Mike注意安全。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.可能出现的极端天气； 2.相关的防范建议。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mike, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Natural disasters 教材考点精练 单元重点单词、短语、句型、语法 教材考点 （一）重点单词 1、rescue：n. 援救，营救；营救行动 常见用法有 come/go to one's rescue，来/去营救某人 rescue workers 救援人员， the rescue team 救援队 v. 营救；援救 常用搭配为 rescue…from…把…… 从…… 营救出来 2、 damage：n. 损坏；损失；损害赔偿金 常见用法是 do/cause damage to对…… 造成损害 vt. 损害；破坏常与 badly、seriously、slightly 等副词搭配 be badly/seriously/slightly damaged，遭受严重/轻微损害 3、destroy：vt. 破坏，摧毁，毁灭 常见搭配有 be completely/totally destroyed被彻底摧毁 destroy one's life/faith/hope/confidence（毁掉某人的生活/信仰/希望/信心 4、affect：vt. 影响；vt. 深深打动；使悲伤/怜悯；（疾病）侵袭；使感染 be deeply affected by被…… 深深打动 5、shelter：n. 避难所；庇护；居所： 常见用法有 under the shelter of在…… 的庇护下 take shelter from躲避…… vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避 搭配 shelter…from… 保护…… 免受…… shelter from... 躲避…… 6、trap：vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 常用搭配为 trap sb. in...使某人困在…… n. 险境；陷阱 常用搭配为set a trap设陷阱，fall into a trap落入陷阱 7、effort：n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 常见搭配有 make an effort to do sth. = make efforts to do sth.努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事 make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事 8、suffer：vt. 遭受；蒙受：后常接 pain、loss、injury 等名词 常见搭配有 suffer pain遭受痛苦， suffer loss遭受损失 vi. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦 suffer from...患…… 病；因…… 受苦 9、supply n. 供应（量）；补给；（pl.）补给品 常见短语 in short supply供应短缺 vt. 供应；供给 搭配为 supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物 （二）重点短语 natural disasters：自然灾害 raise awareness：提高意识 safety measures：安全措施 disaster relief work：赈灾工作 volcanic eruption：火山喷发 refer to：指的是；提到；查阅 rise and fall：起起伏伏 as usual：像平常一样；照例 as if/though：似乎；好像；仿佛 come to an end/stop：结束；告终；完结 cause/do damage：造成损害 cut across：横切 in ruins：严重受损，破败不堪 nothing but：只有；仅仅 tens of thousands of：数万 hundreds of thousands of：数十万 millions of：数百万；大量 instead of/rather than：而不是，代替 in shock：震惊；吃惊 fall down：倒塌；跌倒；不尽如人意 lose hope：失去希望 soon after：不久之后 dig out：挖出；找出；发现 provide medical care：提供医疗救助 get back upon one’s feet：重新站起来 the tireless efforts：不懈的努力 a home to：…… 的家园/栖息地 in times of：在…… 的时刻/关头 stay positive：保持乐观 suffer from：遭受；患病 go through：经历；仔细检查 volunteer to do sth：自愿做某事 in the open air：露天；在户外 take turns to do/doing sth：轮流做某事 tap on a pipe：轻敲管道 stay away from：远离；不接近；不去 make sure：确保；弄清楚 emergency supplies：紧急物资 first aid kit：急救箱 on hand：现有（尤指帮助） release a news report：发布新闻报道 crash into：撞上，猛撞 sweep away：消灭；彻底消除 reach a magnitude of：达到……震级 stand at sth：处于特定水平 base sth on/upon sth：以……为基础 turn... into…：变成…… carry out：执行；实行 out of gratitude：出于感激 give a presentation on：作一个关于...的报告 out of nowhere：突然发生； cause destruction：造成毁坏 a series of：一连串的；一系列的 in all directions：朝四面八方 （三）重点句型 1、 结果状语从句 so...that... 如此…… 以至于…… The earthquake was so powerful that it triggered a tsunami. 地震威力如此之大，以至于引发了海啸。 2、be about to do sth. when... 某人正要做某事，这时突然…… he man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened. 这个男人正在楼下睡觉，这时地震发生了。 3、as if 引导的从句： as if 似乎，好像，可引导表语从句和方式状语从句 He talks as if he knew everything about it. 他说起话来好像对此了如指掌，与现在事实相反 He continued working as if nothing had happened. 他继续工作，好像什么都没发生过，与过去事实相反 4、leave + 宾语 + 宾补结构： leave 是使役动词，让……处于（某种状态、某地等 A large number of buildings fell down, leaving a great many people homeless. 大量的建筑物倒塌，让许多人无家可归。 5、make + it + 形容词/名词+不定式/从句： it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或从句。 We should make it a rule to help those in need. 我们应该把帮助有需要的人当作一条准则。 （四）重点语法 限制性定语从句 【精讲·语法知识】 1. 关系代词的用法 that：指人或物，作主语或宾语（可省略） 例：The building that collapsed in the earthquake was built in 1980.（作主语） which：指物，作主语或宾语 例：The rescuer who saved the child was praised by the public.（作主语） They work at a soup kitchen every Wednesday.（状语） whose：指人或物，作定语 例：The family whose house was destroyed received help from the government.（作定语） 2.介词 + 关系代词 介词后只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人）。 例：The expert with whom we discussed the disaster is a seismologist.（with+whom） 3.注意事项 限制性定语从句不可用逗号分隔，去掉后会影响句子核心意思。 先行词为不定代词（如 all, anything）或被最高级修饰时，只能用 that。 例：This is the worst disaster that I have ever experienced. （六）重点词汇语法精练 (一)词组填空,用所给短语的正确形式填空： (trap in, deliver supplies, rescue from, cause damage, prepare for) 1. The team worked day and night to __________ food to the flood-hit villages. 2. Many people were __________ the burning building by firefighters. 3. The hurricane __________ to thousands of houses along the coast. 4. We must __________ the next storm by stocking up on water and food. 5. Some villagers are still __________ the mountains due to the landslide. 参考答案 1. deliver supplies 2. rescued from 3. caused damage 4. prepare for 5. trapped in （二）翻译句子 6. 救援人员从废墟中救出了三名被困的儿童。（rescue...from..., trap） 7. 政府正在向灾区运送紧急物资。（deliver supplies, disaster-hit area） 8. 那场导致数百人死亡的地震发生在 2008 年。（which/that, cause） 参考答案 6 Rescue workers rescued three trapped children from the ruins. 7. The government is delivering emergency supplies to the disaster-hit area. 8. The earthquake which/that caused hundreds of deaths happened in 2008. （三）语法专练 完成定语从句 1.The man __________ saved the child is a local hero. (who/that) 2. The earthquake __________ hit the city last year was magnitude 7.0. (which/that) 3. The volunteers __________ we met helped rebuild the school. (whom/that) 4. A tsunami is a wave __________ is caused by underwater earthquakes. (which/that) 5. The family __________ house was destroyed received financial help. (whose) 答案： 1. who/that 2. which/that 3. whom/that 4. which/that 5. whose 模拟考点精练 一、阅读理解 （24-25高一上·全国·课后作业）Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and wildfires, can strike at any time and cause serious harm. 1 . Below are some clear measures you can follow to prevent danger, and act safely if a disaster hits. ·Build an emergency kit. 2 : a flashlight, a first-aid kit, bottled water, food (such as energy bars), and a basic tool like a knife. Don’t forget copies of important documents (passport, ID). Keep your kit in a place you can reach in seconds. ·Know local risks and evacuation routes (疏散路线). Find out which natural disasters are common in your area—earthquakes, floods, or storms — and research the nearest shelter, high ground, or safe room. 3 . Practice following these routes so that, in an emergency, you can move calmly and quickly. · 4 . Schedule the exercises at least twice a year, which can help you remember what to do under pressure. Practice “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” for earthquakes, or “Get Low and Go” for floods. Additionally, practice basic first-aid skills, such as treating cuts, burns, or shock. If you master these skills, you can help yourself and others before professional rescuers arrive. ·Stay informed and communicate clearly. Always have a reliable way to receive updates when power fails. You can sign up for local warning systems and follow official social-media accounts. agree on a family or group meeting point and an out-of-area contact person — someone who can call (relay) messages if local lines are down. 5 A．Practice safety procedures regularly. B．Keep calm in the face of a natural disaster. C．Gather necessary things in one easy-to-carry bag. D．Draw a simple map of escape routes from your home. E．In an emergency, clear and safe communication can save lives. F．To stay safe, it is important to know when the disaster will come. G．While we cannot stop these events, we can take steps to protect ourselves. 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们面对自然灾害时应采取的应急措施。 1．上文“Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and wildfires, can strike at any time and cause serious harm.(自然灾害，如地震、洪水、飓风和野火，可能随时发生并造成严重危害)”说明自然灾害的突发性和危害性。下文“Below are some clear measures you can follow to prevent danger, and act safely if a disaster hits.(以下是一些您可以遵循的明确措施，以防止危险，并在灾难发生时采取安全行动)”说明可以在自然灾害发生的时候采取措施。空处和前文为转折关系，并引出下文中的预防措施，说明面对无法阻止的自然灾害，我们可以采取行动。所以G项 “虽然我们无法阻止这些事件，但我们可以采取措施保护自己” 符合语境。G选项中的“these events”与上文中的“Natural disasters”相呼应，“take steps to protect ourselves”和下文中的“some clear measures you can follow to prevent danger”相呼应。故选G。 2．上文“Build an emergency kit.(建立一个应急包)”说明建立应急包的重要性。下文“a flashlight, a first-aid kit, bottled water, food (such as energy bars), and a basic tool like a knife.(手电筒、急救箱、瓶装水、食物（如能量棒）和刀等基本工具)”说明急救包中需要的东西。空处承上启下，说明应急包里需要准备什么。所以C项“把必要的东西放在一个容易携带的包里”符合语境。所以C项“把必要的东西放在一个容易携带的包里” 符合语境。C 选项中的“Gather necessary things”与前文中的“Build an emergency kit”相呼应，并引出下文中的具体东西。故选C。 3．上文“Find out which natural disasters are common in your area—earthquakes, floods, or storms—and research the nearest shelter, high ground, or safe room.(找出你所在地区常见的自然灾害——地震、洪水或风暴——并研究最近的避难所、高地或安全房间)”说明要了解当地的自然灾害和避难所。空处和前文为顺接关系，说明要规划逃生路线。所以D项“画一张从你家逃生的简单地图”符合语境。D选项中的“escape routes”与前文中的“evacuation routes”相呼应，故选D。 4．下文“Schedule the exercises at least twice a year, which can help you remember what to do under pressure. Practice “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” for earthquakes, or “Get Low and Go” for floods.(至少每年安排两次演练，这可以帮助你记住在压力下该做什么。练习地震时的“趴下、掩护、坚持住”，或洪水时的“放低身子，走”)”说明要定期进行安全演练。空处是该段的总起句，应概括这一内容。所以A项“定期练习安全程序”符合语境。A选项中的“Practice safety procedures regularly”与后文中的“Schedule the exercises at least twice a year”相呼应，故选A。 5．上文“agree on a family or group meeting point and an out-of-area contact person — someone who can call (relay) messages if local lines are down.(商定一个家庭或团体集合点，以及一个外地联系人——如果当地线路中断，可以打电话（转接）信息的人。)”说明在紧急情况下保持清晰的沟通的重要性。空处总结前文，进一步说明沟通的重要性。所以E项“在紧急情况下，清晰安全的沟通可以挽救生命”符合语境。E选项中的“clear and safe communication”与前文中的“call (relay) messages”相呼应，故选E。 二、完形填空 （25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）A storm with strong winds struck late on a Friday evening, knocking down trees, blocking roads, damaging homes, and destroying power lines. Thousands of people 1 found themselves in the dark without water and electricity. They found themselves cut off from the modern world while 2 37℃ plus heat with no help and no idea when it would be over. 3 , the most amazing thing happened: It brought out the best in people. People 4 their food and ice. People who still had power 5 their homes to those who had none. People rushed out to clear roads, repair the damage and 6 electricity. Neighbours 7 on front porches (前廊)to talk. People came together as one family to help one another in this time of great need. It was such a(n) 8 to see all these people acting like this under such 14 circumstances. Life’s 10 strike all of us from time to time. No one is 11 . We all get hurt. We all get challenged. We all get squeezed (逼迫)by 12 during our days. How we 13 to them, though, is up to us. We can let them bring out the 14 in us or we can let them bring out the best in us. May you always bring out the best in your heart and soul, no matter what life may 15 at you. 1．A．accidentally B．ultimately C．suddenly D．gradually 2．A．enjoying B．bearing C．increasing D．carrying 3．A．Therefore B．Thus C．However D．Besides 4．A．purchased B．sold C．transported D．shared 5．A．left B．opened C．needed D．adjusted 6．A．restore B．build C．reduce D．raise 7．A．approached B．continued C．encountered D．gathered 8．A．joy B．hurt C．favour D．affection 9．A．artificial B．identical C．tough D．intense 10．A．anxieties B．questions C．fears D．disasters 11．A．disturbed B．spared C．included D．challenged 12．A．difficulties B．conditions C．experiences D．assumptions 13．A．stick B．take C．adapt D．respond 14．A．deepest B．secret C．grace D．worst 15．A．wave B．throw C．point D．glance 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过描述一场风暴给人们带来的困境以及人们在困境中展现出的团结、互助和善良，来传达一种积极向上的生活态度和人性的美好。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：成千上万的人突然间发现自己陷入了黑暗之中，既没有水也没有电。A. accidentally意外地；B. ultimately最终；C. suddenly突然；D. gradually逐渐地。根据上文“A storm with strong winds struck late on a Friday evening, knocking down trees, blocking roads, damaging homes, and destroying power lines.”可知，暴风雨破坏了电线，突然断电，事发突然，因此人们是突然间陷入了黑暗之中。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们发现自己与现代世界隔绝，忍受着37摄氏度以上的高温，孤立无援，也不知道这一切何时才会结束。A. enjoying享受；B. bearing忍受；C. increasing增加；D. carrying携带。根据上文“Thousands of people ____1____ found themselves in the dark without water or electricity.”可知，人们既没有水也没有电；由此可推测，人们得忍受37摄氏度以上的高温。故选B。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，最令人惊奇的事情发生了：这场风暴激发出了我们人性中最好的一面。A. Therefore因此；B. Thus因此、于是；C. However然而；D. Besides此外。根据上文内容可知，人们突然之间陷入了困境，这与空后“the most amazing thing happened: it brought out the best in us.”存在转折关系。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们分享着食物和冰块。A. purchased购买；B. sold卖；C. transported运输；D. shared分享。根据上文“ It brought out the best in people.”以及下文“People who still had power ____5____ their homes to those who had none. People rushed out to clear roads, repair the damage and ____6____ electricity.”可知，这场灾难激发出了人性美好的一面。由此可推测，此处指人们分享着食物和冰块。故选D。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那些仍然有电的人向没有电的人敞开家门。A. left留下；B. opened打开；C. needed需要；D. adjusted调整。根据上文“the most amazing thing happened: it brought out the best in us.”可知，这场灾难激发出了人性美好的一面。由此可推测，空处指的是这些人向没有电的人敞开家门，给那些断电的人提供帮助。故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们纷纷外出清理道路，修复损毁，恢复供电。A. restore恢复；B. build建造；C. reduce减少；D. raise举起。根据上文“without water and electricity”以及空前“People rushed out to clear roads, repair the damage”可推测，风暴破坏了电力，人们开始行动起来以恢复供电。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：邻居们聚集在前廊上交谈。A. approached接近；B. continued继续；C. encountered遭遇；D. gathered聚集。根据下文“People came together as one family to help one another in this time of great need.”可知，人们聚集在一起。故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到这些人在如此艰难的处境中还能如此行动，真是令人感到无比的欣慰。A. joy高兴，使人高兴的事/人；B. hurt伤害；C. favour赞同；D. affection喜爱，感情。根据上文“Neighbours ____7____ on front porches (前廊) to talk. People came together as one family to help one another in this time of great need.”可知，人们在灾难面前团结起来共同应对困难，结合空后“ to see all these people acting like this under such ____8____ circumstances”可知，看到人们在面对灾难时团结互助的场景是件令人欣慰、高兴的事。故选A。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到这些人在如此艰难的处境中还能如此行动，真是令人感到无比的欣慰。A. artificial人造的；B. identical相同的；C. tough艰难的；D. intense强烈的。根据上文“Thousands of people ____1____ found themselves in the dark without water or electricity. They found themselves cut off from the modern world ____2____ 37℃ plus heat with no help and no idea when it would be over.”可知，灾难给人们带来了艰难的处境。故选C。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活中的灾难会时不时地袭击我们每一个人。A. anxieties担心，忧虑；B. questions问题；C. fears恐惧；D. disasters灾难。根据上文“A storm with strong winds struck late on a Friday evening, knocking down trees, blocking roads, damaging homes, and destroying power lines.”可知，文章围绕一场突发的灾难展开，由此可推测，空处指的是生活中的灾难会突然发生。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人能够幸免。A. disturbed打扰；B. spared使幸免，使免遭，匀出；C. included包括；D. challenged挑战。根据上文“Life’s ____10____ strike all of us from time to time.”可知，灾难时常发生，没有人能够幸免。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都会在这段人生旅程中被困难所逼迫。A. difficulties困难；B. conditions条件；C. experiences经历；D. assumptions假设、设想。根据上文“We all get hurt. We all get challenged.”可知，我们都会被困难所逼迫。故选A。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们如何回应这些灾难，却取决于我们自己。A. stick坚持；B. take带走；C. adapt适应；D. respond回应。根据下文“We can let them bring out the ____14____ in us or we can let them bring out the best in us.”可知，此处指我们如何回应这些灾难取决于我们自己。故选D。 14．考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以让它们激发出我们人性中最糟糕的一面，也可以让它们激发出我们人性中最好的一面。A. deepest最深的；B. secret秘密的；C. grace优雅；D. worst最坏的。根据空后的“or”和下文的“the best”可知，空处用worst和下文形成对比。故选D。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：愿你在面对生活的种种挑战时，始终能够从你的内心和灵魂中激发出最好的一面。A. wave挥手；B. throw扔；C. point指向；D. glance一瞥。根据上文“A storm with strong winds struck late on a Friday evening, knocking down trees, blocking roads, damaging homes, and destroying power lines.”可知，此处指突发的灾难，即生活“投掷”给我们的各种挑战。故选B。 三、语法填空 （25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For several days, strange things happened in Tangshan. The water in the wells rose and fell. Deep cracks appeared in the well walls, and 1 (smell) gas came out of some wells. Some animals had unusual behaviour. But people in the city, 2 were asleep as usual at night, didn’t think much of it. At 3:42 am, on 28 July, one of the most deadly 3 (earthquake) of the 20th century broke out. In less than one minute, Tangshan 4 (lie) in ruins. The number of people who were killed or 5 (terrible) injured in the quake 6 (be) more than 400,000. Later that afternoon, another big quake struck Tangshan again. Water, food, and electricity were hard 7 (get). But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, teams were organised to dig out the trapped and bury the dead. Many more people, 8 (include) workers and doctors, came to provide help. Through all the efforts, the city began to breathe again. Today, 9 new Tangshan has been built upon the earthquake ruins, which has proved 10 the whole world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future. 【答案】 1．smelly 2．who 3．earthquakes 4．lay 5．terribly 6．was 7．to get 8．including 9．a 10．to 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了唐山大地震发生前后的情况，包括震前的异常现象、地震造成的破坏以及震后的救援和重建过程，展现了人们在灾难面前的团结与希望。 1．考查形容词。句意：井壁出现了深深的裂缝，一些井里冒出了有臭味的气体。空处修饰名词 gas，需用形容词作定语，smell 的形容词形式为 smelly，意为“有臭味的”。故填 smelly。 2．考查定语从句。句意：但城里的人们，晚上像往常一样睡着，没太在意这些现象。分析句子结构，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 people，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词 who 引导。故填 who。 3．考查名词复数。句意：7 月 28 日凌晨 3 点 42 分，20 世纪最致命的地震之一爆发了。“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“最…… 之一”，earthquake 为可数名词，此处需用复数形式。故填 earthquakes。 4．考查动词时态。句意：在不到一分钟的时间里，唐山就成了一片废墟。根据上下文语境，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，lie 作“处于（某种状态）”讲时，过去式为 lay。故填 lay。 5．考查副词。句意：在地震中死亡或受重伤的人数超过 40 万。空处修饰形容词 injured，需用副词形式，terrible 的副词形式为 terribly。故填 terribly。 6．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在地震中死亡或受重伤的人数超过 40 万。主语为“The number of people”，“the number of + 可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；此处描述的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时。故填 was。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：水、食物和电都很难获得。“be + 形容词 + to do”为固定结构，此处用动词不定式作状语，主动形式表示被动意义。故填 to get。 8．考查介词。句意：更多的人，包括工人和医生，前来提供帮助。空处需填介词 including，意为“包括…… 在内”，其后接名词或代词作宾语。故填 including。 9．考查冠词。句意：今天，一座新的唐山在地震废墟上建成，这向全世界证明，在灾难时刻，人们必须团结起来，展现出保持积极心态和重建更光明未来的智慧。此处表示“一座新的唐山”，表泛指，new 发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词 a 修饰。故填 a。 10．考查介词。句意：今天，一座新的唐山在地震废墟上建成，这向全世界证明，在灾难时刻，人们必须团结起来，展现出保持积极心态和重建更光明未来的智慧。prove sth. to sb. 为固定搭配，意为“向某人证明某事”。故填 to。 四、书信写作 （25-26高三上·广东·开学考试）假定你是李华，你市现在正值雷雨季节，你想提醒正在你校交流学习的英国学生Mike注意安全。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1.可能出现的极端天气； 2.相关的防范建议。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mike, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】参考范文 Dear Mike, Right now, we are just in thunderstorm season. Therefore, I’m writing to inform you of some tips to keep yourself safe and sound. In such a season, heavy rain storms frequently attack our city, together with terrible thunder. To keep yourself from possible dangers, you’d better stay in. If you must go out, don’t stay under big trees to avoid thunder attacks. I hope that my suggestions will be of some help to you and you have a pleasant time in our school. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国学生Mike写邮件，说明可能出现的极端天气以及给出相关的防范建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：tip→advice 糟糕的：terrible→awful 愉快的：pleasant→enjoyable 有帮助：be of some help→be helpful 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：To keep yourself from possible dangers, you’d better stay in. 拓展句：You’d better stay in so that you can keep yourself from possible dangers. 【点睛】【高分句型1】If you must go out, don’t stay under big trees to avoid thunder attacks.（运用了if引导条件状语从句） 【高分句型2】I hope that my suggestions will be of some help to you and you have a pleasant time in our school.（运用了that引导宾语从句） 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$