Unit1 Friendship 知识清单-2025-2026学年译林版（2024）八年级英语上册

八上 Unit 1 Friendship 1. Friendships enrich our lives. 友谊丰富了我们的生活。 enrich (v.) 使充实,使丰富;使富裕,使富有 2. Friendship is an important part of our lives. 友谊是我们生活中重要的一部分。 Welcome to the unit 3. What makes your friend so special? 什么使得你的朋友如此特别? 4. helpful- stand by your side when you need support 乐于助人-当你需要支持时站在你身边 ① by one’s side在某人身边 ② support (v./n.)支持 supporter (n.)支持者 with/without one’s support有/没有某人的支持 with the support of… 在…的支持下 5. honest- tell the truth诚实-说实话 ① honest (adj.) 诚实的,正直的 dishonest(反) honestly (adv.) 诚实地 honesty (n.) 诚实;正直 ② true (adj.) 真正的, 实质的 truly (adv.) 真实地,真正地 truth (n.) 事实 6. be good at telling jokes to make you laugh 善于讲笑话让你开怀大笑 7. caring-be kind and care about you 关心他人的-善良并关心你 care (v.)关心;(n.)照顾,小心 ① care about关心;care for 照顾 take good care of…=look after…well照顾好… ② careful (adj.)仔细的,小心的 carefully (adv.)仔细地,小心地 careless (adj.)不仔细的,不小心的 carelessly (adv.)粗心地 be careful with 对…小心 be careful (not) to do sth ③ caring (adj.)关心他人的,体贴人的 8. personal character个人品格 active积极的;活跃的 brave勇敢的 calm平静的 caring关心他人的,体贴人的 careful仔细的 careless粗心的 cheerful快乐的,高兴的 clever聪明的 confident自信的 creative有创造力的 curious好奇的 cute可爱的 energetic尽力充沛的 friendly友好的 generous慷慨的 hard-working勤奋的 helpful乐于助人的 honest诚实的 humorous幽默的 interesting有趣的 kind善良的 lively活泼的;生气勃勃的 modest谦虚的 patient耐心的 polite有礼貌的 popular受喜爱的,受欢迎的 smart聪明的 tidy整洁的 trustworthy值得信赖的 angry生气的 forgetful健忘的 lazy懒惰的silly傻的;愚蠢的stupid愚蠢的 9. What do you think makes good friends? 你认为什么会成为好朋友? ① 句中的 do you think 是插入语,表示“你认为”,其后成分采用陈述句语序。 ② make 用作连系动词,意思是“成为,适合” 10. They don’t lie to you, so you can trust them. 他们不会骗你,所以你可以相信他们。 ① lie (v.)撒谎lie-lied; lie-lying; lie to sb对某人说谎 (v.)躺;位于lie-lay; lie-lying (n.)谎言;谎话 tell lies=tell a lie说谎 ② trust sb=believe in sb信任某人 believe sb相信某人说的话是真的 11. You like to spend time with them because they make you happy. 你喜欢花时间和他们在一起,因为他们让你开心。 12. They can help you become a better person. 他们可以帮助您成为更好的人。 a person一个人; two persons/people两个人 13. Thank you for sharing your thoughts, class. 谢谢你分享你的想法,同学们。 think (v.)-thought (过) thought (n.) 想法,主意(可数) 思考,思维(不可数) thoughtful (adj.)体贴的,深思的 thoughtless (adj.)欠考虑的;考虑不周的 Reading 14. Betty, my best friend, is a slim girl with big bright eyes. 我最好的朋友贝蒂是一个苗条的女孩,有一双明亮的大眼睛。 15. Her hair is longer than mine, and she usually wears it in a ponytail. 她的头发比我的长,通常扎成马尾辫。 16. Kind and helpful, Betty is ready to help anyone any time. 贝蒂善良且乐于助人,随时准备帮助任何人。 ① be ready/willing to do sth愿意、乐意做某事 ② (at) any time=anytime (adv.) 任何时候 17. She always gives up her seat on the bus to someone in need, and she often helps us with our schoolwork. 她总是把公交车上的座位让给有需要的人,她经常帮助我们做功课。 18. When something worries me, I always go to her. 当我有什么事情让我担心时,我总是去找她。 ① worry (vi.) 焦虑,不安,烦恼 worry about… 为…担心 ② worried (adj.) 担心的,烦恼的 be worried about为…担心 ③ worry (vt.) 使…担心,使烦恼,使不安 sth worry sb某事让某人担忧 ④ worry (n.) 担心;令人担忧的事 keep your worries to yourself把担忧放在心底 19. She listens to me carefully and understands me quite well. 她仔细听我说话,也很理解我。 20. She knows how to cheer me up when I am feeling down. 她知道如何在我情绪低落时让我振作起来。 cheer (v.)鼓舞;欢呼,加油 (n.)欢呼声 cheer for sb. 为…欢呼,喝彩;给…加油 cheer sb. up变得高兴,振奋起来 cheerful (adj.)兴高采烈的;高兴的 21. Betty is the most wonderful friend in my life. 贝蒂是我生命中最棒的朋友。 22. He is the tallest boy in our class-almost 1.8 metres tall. 他是我们班上最高的男孩——将近 1.8 米高。 23. He wears small round glasses. 他戴着小圆眼镜。 24. They make him look a little bit funny. 他们让他看起来有点滑稽。 a little / a bit of + 不可数名词 a little / a bit +形容词; a little bit 25. Max has a great sense of humour. 马克斯很有幽默感。 humorous (adj.)幽默的be humorous humour (n.)幽默 have a(good)sense of humour/ direction/achievement 有幽默/方向/成就感 26. You will never feel bored with him around. 有他在身边,你永远不会感到无聊。 ① bored(adj.)厌倦的,烦闷的 boring(adj.)无趣的,令人厌倦的 ② with+宾语+宾语补足语”,在句中做状语 ③ feel/get bored with… 对…感到厌倦 27. He stays active by doing sport and other club activities and never seems to get tired. 他通过运动和其他俱乐部活动来保持活跃,似乎从不感到疲倦。 ① active (adj.)积极的;活跃的 actively (adv.)积极地;活跃地 take an active part in…积极参加 actively take part in… ② seem (linking v.) 似乎、看起来 seem+形容词;seem to do sth;It seems that从句 28. Sometimes I feel like giving up on difficult tasks, but he always encourages me to keep trying. 有时我想放弃困难的任务,但他总是鼓励我继续尝试。 ① feel like sth.想要某物;feel like doing想做某事 feel like+从句 ② feel like 感觉像 ③ give up on 对…不抱希望 ④ encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 29. That means a lot to me. 这对我来说意义重大。 mean(v.)意思是,意味着;mean a lot意义非凡 meaning (n.)意思 meaningful (adj.)有意义的 meaningless(adj.)无意义的 What does…mean? …的意思是什么? What’s the meaning of…? 30. I believe we will be best friends for life. 我相信我们会成为一生最好的朋友。 31. What quality do Betty and Max have in common? 贝蒂和马克斯有什么共同点? common (adj.) 普遍的;共同的 have…in common 有共同的… have nothing in common毫无共同之处 in common共有的,共同的;common sense常识 32. It’s good to share interests with our best friends. 与我们最好的朋友分享兴趣是件好事。 33. He never seems to get tired. He must be very energetic. 他似乎从不感到疲倦。他一定很有活力。 34. What’s more, he’s a really cheerful person. 更重要的是,他是一个非常开朗的人。 What’s more而且;更重要的是;另外 35. When I face difficult tasks and feel like giving up, he cheers me up and encourages me to keep going. 当我面临困难的任务并想放弃时,他会让我振作起来并鼓励我继续前进。 face (vt.) 面临;面对 in the face of…面对(困难等) 36. She’s always there when I need someone to talk to. 当我需要有人交谈时,她总是在那里。 37. When I have something on my mind, I always go to her. 当我有事情想时,我总是去找她。 on one’s mind (有事)挂在心上;烦恼 keep…in one’s mind=remember记住 38. I can tell her anything because she’s great at keeping secrets. 我可以告诉她任何事情,因为她很擅长保守秘密。 keep a secret/keep secrets 保守秘密 keep secrets for sb为某人保守秘密 keep secrets to sb(不让此人知道秘密)对某人保密 keep secrets to ourselves将秘密藏在某人心里 39. We’re lucky to have such wonderful friends. 我们很幸运有这么棒的朋友。 40. Who would you like to make friends with? 你想和谁交朋友? 41. What qualities of your friends attract you most? 你的朋友的哪些品质最吸引你。 Grammar 42.形容词和副词的比较级最高级形式的变化规则 (1)大多数形容词和副词可直接在词尾加-er ,–est (2)以e 结尾的形容词和副词,在词尾加-r,–st (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词、副词,变y为i,再加-er ,-est 如:early; happy; pretty; thirsty; hungry; busy (4)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的(两辅夹一元),双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er, est 大热天,一个穿红衣浑身湿透的伤感的发疯的胖子想要变得又瘦又苗条又健康 (big)(hot)(red)(wet)(sad)(mad)(fat) (thin)(slim)(fit) (5)不规则的形容词、副词的比较级最高级 many/much-more-most; little-less-least good/well-better-best; ill/bad/badly-worse-worst old-older-oldest; old-elder-eldest far-farther-farthest(距离的远) far-further-furthest(抽象的远) further study 深造 (6)多音节的形容词副词的比较级、最高级,在前面加-more, -most 如;beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful (7)以ed; ing; ful; less; ous结尾的形容词、 形容词+ly结尾的副词,在前面加-more,-most luck lucky-luckier-luckiest luckily-more luckily-most luckily health healthy-healthier-healthiest healthily- more healthily -most healthily noise noisy-noisier-noisiest noisily-more noisily- most noisily (8)表示“最高程度”和“绝对状态”的形容词和副词,没有比较级和最高级。 如:favorite; excellent; empty; true; right; wrong (9)特别注意:以下在前面加-more,-most polite, famous, nervous, serious, 43. 形容词和副词比较级最高级的用法 (1) 当两个人或事物进行比较时,形容词和副词要用比较级,常用than来连接被比较的两个人或物。表示“较…”“更…一些”“比…更…” A+谓语动词+比较级+(名词)+ than B. (A与B 做比较时,性质要一致,同类事物进行比较) (2) 当三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较时,形容词和副词要用最高级,常用of, in, among等短语来限定比较的范围。表示“最…”。 A+谓语动词+the+最高级+(名词)+in/of/among… (3) 注意形容词的最高级之前一定要加the, 有其他限定词时,不需要the。如:my best friend (4) 副词的最高级之前the可以省略。 (5) 只能修饰原级的词: very, so, too, quite等。 可以修饰比较级的词: …多了much, a lot, far; 甚至更even, still; 稍微有点a little, a bit; 44. 形容词副词比较级的常用句型 (1)第几最…: the+序数词+最高级… 如:the second biggest city 第二大城市 (2最…之一:one of + the+最高级+复数名词 如: one of my best friends (3) A、B 和C哪一个最...? Which/Who + is + the + 最高级,A,B or C? A和B哪一个/谁更...? Which/Who is+比较级,A or B? (4) 越…, 越…:the+比较级+主谓, the+比较级+主谓 如: The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 你吃越多,你越胖。 (5) 越来越……:比较级+and+比较级 如:faster and faster 越来越快 more and more interesting 越来越有趣 (6) 在“of the two”结构中,用the+比较级, 表示特指两个中更…的一个。 The older boy of the two boys is my brother. 那两个男孩中更老的那个是我的哥哥。 (7) 为免重复,在than后常用that, those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。 that 代替不可数名词,可数名词单数; those 代替可数名词复数 (8)同范围比较用:比较级+ than the other+复数名词 比较级+ than any other+单数名词 不属于同范围用:比较级+ than any+单数名词 上海是中国最大的城市。 Shanghai is the largest city in China. (同义句转换) Shanghai is larger than the other cities in China. 上海比中国的其他城市大。(上海属于中国) Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 上海比中国的其他任何一个城市大。(上海属于中国) 区别:Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan. 上海比日本的任何一个城市大。(上海不属于日本) (9) 这是某人做过的最…的事: This is the +形容词最高级+名词 that +从句(从句用现在完成时) This is the best film that I have (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最棒的电影。 (10)某人从未做过的一件更的…的事 sb has/have never done a 形容词比较级… I have never seen a better film. 我从未看过一个更好的电影。 45. height(n.)身高;高度-high(adj./adv.)高的;高 What’s the height of… …的高度是? …in height 高的=…high be of medium height 中等身材 46. weight (n.) 重量;the weight of… …的重量 put on weight增加体重;lose weight减肥 weigh (v.)重;有…重 How heavy 多重?=What's the weight of…? =How much do/does…weigh? 47. among/of/in the six students在这六个学生中 48. Simon’s test score for standing long jump is better than Peter’s. 西蒙的立定跳远考试成绩比彼得的要好。 Word power 49. 后缀-ful/-less; “-ful” means “full of”; “-less” means “without” “-ful” 的意思是充满; “-less”表示没有 none名词 adjective (with-ful) (加ful的形容词) adjective (with-ful) (加less的形容词) care关心 careful仔细的 careless粗心的 colour颜色 colourful 多彩的 colourless 无色的;不生动的 cheer欢呼 cheerful 快乐的 cheerless 无精打采的 fear害怕 fearful 可怕的; 吓人的 fearless 无畏的; 大胆的 harm伤害 harmful有害的 harmless无害的 help帮助 helpful 乐于助人的 helpless 无助的 hope希望 hopeful 充满希望的 hopeless 没有希望的 meaning 意思 meaningful 有意义的 meaningless 无意义的 sleep睡觉 sleepy 昏昏欲睡的 sleepless 失眠的 taste味道 tasty美味的 tasteful 优美的,高雅的 tasteless 无味的 thought 想法,主义 thoughtful 体贴的,深思的 thoughtless 欠考虑的 use使用 useful有用的 useless无用的 beauty美 beautiful美丽的 wonder奇迹 wonderful 精彩的 worth价值 worthy 值得尊敬的 worthless 没用处的 cloud云 cloudy多云的 cloudless晴朗的 price价格 priceless 无价的;贵重的 end结束 endless无尽的 home家 homeless 无家可归的 50. He always looks on the bright side of things. 他总是看到事情的积极的一面。 look on the bright side往好处看/保持乐观的态度 51. Once I had a sleepless night because I was worried about a volleyball match. I felt helpless. 有一次,我度过了一个不眠之夜,因为我很担心排球比赛。我感到无助。 52. It was a wonderful day with a cloudless blue sky. 这是美好的一天,蓝天万里无云。 53. In fact, I’m hopeless at most sports. 事实上,我对大多数运动都无望。 54. However, Simon is kind enough to give me many useful tips. 然而,西蒙足够友善地给了我许多有用的建议。 55. Later, a boy’s balloon got caught in a tree and Simon took it down for him. 后来,一个男孩的气球被一棵树卡住了,西蒙替他把气球取下来。 get caught 被卡住,被困住;被抓住;被发现 get caught doing sth 被抓住做某事 Integration 56. Suddenly, they saw a bear coming towards them. 突然,他们看到一只熊向他们走来。 57. They were very scared. 他们非常害怕。 scared (adj.) 害怕;恐惧 be scared/afraid of sth/doing sth; 害怕(做)某事 be scared/afraid to do sth scary (adj.) 恐怖的,吓人的 58. One of the friends quickly climbed up a tree. 其中一个朋友很快就爬上了一棵树。 59. The other tried too, but he failed. 另一个人也尝试了,但他失败了。 fail to do sth.做某事失败了 fail in sth在某事上失败;fail不及格 60. He knew he couldn’t fight the bear alone, so he lay down on the ground. 他知道自己无法独自对抗这只熊,所以他躺在地上。 fight ( v./n.) 打仗(架) fighter(n.)斗士,战斗者;战斗机 fight for为…而战 fight with…=have a fight with …与…打架 fight against与…对抗,与…斗争 61. He thought, “The bear will leave me alone if it thinks I’m dead.” 他想,“如果熊认为我死了,它会放过我。 dead (adj.)死了的 dying(adj.) 垂死的 death (n.)死亡 die (v.)死- died(过去式) - dying(现在分词) die of死于(疾病,内因)die from死于(事故,外因) 62. The bear came close to the friend on the ground and smelt his head, but it didn’t attack. 熊靠近地上的朋友,闻了他的头,但它没有攻击。 63. When the bear was gone, the other friend came down from the tree. 熊走后,另一个朋友从树上下来。 64. It looked like the bear said something to you. 看起来那只熊对你说了什么。 65. It said a true friend should not leave you in times of danger. 它说真正的朋友不应该在危险的时候离开你。 in times of在…时期;在…时候;在…情况下 66. ask a friend to introduce you to others 请朋友把你介绍给别人 67. how to get along with friends 如何与朋友相处 68. A life without friends can be very lonely, but building strong and healthy friendships is not easy. 没有朋友的生活可能会非常孤独,但建立牢固而健康的友谊并不容易。 69. One of the best ways of making friends is to join a club. 交朋友的最好方法之一是加入一个俱乐部。 70. This will give you a chance to meet people with the same interests as you. 这将使您有机会结识与您相同兴趣的人。 71. Another way is to talk to someone new in the school dining hall. 另一种方法是在学校食堂与新来的人交谈。 72. It can be difficult, but you need to be brave to talk to others if you want to make friends. 这可能很困难,但如果你想交朋友,你需要勇敢地与他人交谈。 73. Once you are friends, there are some easy ways to make sure your friendship lasts. 一旦你们成为朋友,有一些简单的方法可以确保你们的友谊持续下去。 last (adj.) 最后的;最近的 (adv.) 最后;最终 (v.) 持续;继续 lasting (adj.)持久的 74. Ask questions and use body language to show that you are a good listener. 提出问题并使用肢体语言来表明您是一个很好的倾听者。 75. Try to look at your friend when he or she is talking and nod your head from time to time. 试着在朋友说话时看着他或她,时不时地点点头。 76. Finally, don’t forget to be cheerful and care about your friends’ feelings. 最后,不要忘记开朗,关心朋友的感受。 77. You should share happy times together and cheer each other up during bad times. 你们应该一起分享快乐的时光,在困难的时候互相加油。 78. Which do you think is better, having lots of friends or just a few? 你觉得哪个更好,有很多朋友还是只有几个朋友? 79. I think the more friends you have, the better. 我觉得你拥有的朋友越多越好。 80. I think it’s more important to have a few really good friends. 我认为有几个真正的好朋友更重要。 81. But with just a few friends, you can get to know each other better and have more time and energy to support each other. 但是只有几个朋友,你们可以更好地了解彼此,并有更多的时间和精力来支持彼此。 82. Maybe you have a point.也许你说得有道理。 point (n.)要点,重点;得分;观点;地点;小数点 have a point有道理 83. I met her at a dance club five years ago. 五年前,我在一家舞蹈俱乐部认识了她。 84. I like her bright smiling eyes. 我喜欢她那双灿烂的笑眸。 85. Sometimes I cannot do well in our dance class, and she is always kind to give me help. 有时我在舞蹈课上表现不佳,她总是很好心地帮助我。 86. I often tell her when something worries me, and she always tries to help and keeps it secret. 我经常在我担心的事情上告诉她,她总是试图提供帮助并保密。 87. Every time I feel down, she will cheer me up and make me feel better. 每次我情绪低落时,她都会让我振作起来,让我感觉好些。 88. I think Joan is great, and I hope we will be best friends forever! 我觉得琼很棒,我希望我们永远是最好的朋友! Further study 89. The song is about friends and how they help and support each other. 这首歌是关于朋友以及他们如何互相帮助和支持的。 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$