2025年全国1卷长难句分析讲义-2026届高考英语一轮复习专项

以下是依据2025年全国高考I卷英语真题，共精选出阅读A篇(3句)、B篇(3句)、C篇(3句)、D篇(3句)、七选五(3句)、语法填空(3句)、完形填空(2句)、读后续写(2句)，总计 22个 包含不同语法结构的长难句，并逐句分析了成分结构和提供了英译中练习。这些句子覆盖了高考英语的核心语法点和常考话题，希望能有效帮助您备考高考！ 一、阅读A篇 (The greening of planes, trains and automobiles) 1. 原句： As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation --- which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. 结构分析: 主句: it faces particular problems with transportation 主语: it (指代 the world) 谓语: faces 宾语: particular problems 定语: with transportation (介词短语修饰 problems) 时间状语从句: As the world races to decarbonize everything (As 引导) 非限制性定语从句: which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions (which 指代 transportation，作从句主语) 英译中练习： 当世界竞相实现所有领域的脱碳时，它在交通运输方面面临着特殊的问题——交通约占我们能源相关温室气体排放的四分之一。 2. 原句： The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. 结构分析: 主句: The fuels ... need to be not just ... but also ... 主语: The fuels for transport 谓语: need to be (系动词) 表语: 由 not just ... but also ... 连接的两组并列形容词短语: not just green, cheap and powerful but also lightweight and safe 程度状语: enough to be carried around (副词 enough + 不定式短语，修饰 safe) 英译中练习： 交通燃料不仅需要环保、廉价且动力强劲，还需要足够轻便和安全以便运输携带。 3. 原句： It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. 结构分析: 主句: It's estimated ... (形式主语 it + 被动语态谓语 is estimated) 真正主语: that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050 (that 引导的主语从句) 主语从句结构: 主语: the global demand for electricity 谓语: could more than double (情态动词 could + 动词短语 more than double) 时间状语: by 2050 英译中练习： 据估计，到2050年，全球电力需求可能会增加一倍以上。 二、阅读B篇 (Ninth-grade writing class) 4. 原句： More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well. 结构分析: 主句: ... I found myself wondering ... 状语: More than once 主语: I 谓语: found 宾语: myself 宾语补足语: wondering just how ... so well (现在分词短语) wondering 的宾语从句: how my students ... knew their subjects so well (how 引导) 主语: my students 非限制性定语从句: who'd created these people (who 作主语，修饰 students) 谓语: knew 宾语: their subjects 程度状语: so well 英译中练习： 不止一次，我发现自己很想知道，我的学生们，这些角色的创造者，是如何如此了解他们的写作对象的。 5. 原句： For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre and that it contain a thesis. 结构分析: 主句: ... I only required that ... and that ... 同位语: a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop (解释说明 the next two assignments) `followed by a creative-writing workshop` (过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 unit) 主语: I 谓语: required 宾语: 由 and 连接的两个并列的宾语从句: 宾语从句1: that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (that 引导，动词原形 meet 表示虚拟语气) 宾语从句2: that it contain a thesis (that 引导，动词原形 contain 表示虚拟语气) 英译中练习： 对于接下来的两项作业，一项是个人叙事单元，随后是创意写作工作坊，我只要求作品符合其体裁规范并且包含一个论点。 6. 原句： When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance --- the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 结构分析: 时间状语从句: When the final bell rang in June 主句: I walked away with a yearbook ... 主语: I 谓语: walked away 状语: with a yearbook full of messages ... (介词短语) `full of messages` (形容词短语作后置定语修饰 yearbook) `about writing's most powerful significance` (介词短语作后置定语修饰 messages) 同位语: the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human (解释说明 significance) `to connect people`, `to put us in another's skin`, `to teach us what it means to be human` (三个并列不定式短语作后置定语修饰 ability) `what it means to be human` (宾语从句作 teach 的直接宾语) 英译中练习： 当六月的下课铃声响起时，我带着一本写满留言的年鉴离开了，这些留言讲述了写作最强大的意义——连接人心、让我们设身处地、教会我们何以为人。 三、阅读C篇 (Pedestrian mobility decline) 7. 原句： Many parents say there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. 结构分析: 主句1: Many parents say ... 主语: Many parents 谓语: say 宾语从句: there's too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school (省略 that 的宾语从句) 宾语从句结构: there (形式主语) + is (系动词) + too much traffic (表语) + on the roads (地点状语) + for their children to walk safely to school (不定式的复合结构作结果状语，for children 是 to walk 的逻辑主语) 主句2: so they pack them into the car instead (so 引导的结果状语从句) 英译中练习： 许多家长说路上车辆太多，孩子们无法安全步行上学，所以他们改为开车接送孩子。 8. 原句： Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion "New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through." 结构分析: 主句: ... Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion ... 主语: Jane Jacobs 谓语: called on 宾语: her mayor 宾语补足语: to champion "New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through." (不定式短语) `"New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through."` (直接引语作 champion 的宾语) 状语: Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway (现在分词短语作伴随状语) `at its proposed replacement with an expressway` (介词短语作后置定语修饰 alarm) 英译中练习： 简·雅各布斯（Jane Jacobs）对她所在公园将被一条高速公路取代的计划感到震惊，她呼吁市长支持“纽约应该是一个宜居的好地方，而不仅仅是匆匆穿行之地”。 9. 原句： We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. 结构分析: 并列句1: We invest a lot in roads ... 主语: We 谓语: invest 宾语: a lot 状语: in roads (介词短语) 定语从句: that help us rush through (that 作主语，修饰 roads) 并列句2: but we fail to account for the true costs (but 连接) 主语: we 谓语: fail 宾语: to account for the true costs (不定式短语) 英译中练习： 我们在那些帮助我们快速通行的道路上投入巨大，却未能考虑到其真实的代价。 四、阅读D篇 (Microplastics reduction) 10. 原句： Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap: boiling and filtering it. 结构分析: 主句: ... new research suggests that ... 主语: new research 谓语: suggests 宾语从句: that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (that 引导) 主语: a simple, cheap measure 谓语: may reduce 宾语: the level of microplastics 定语: in water from your tap (介词短语修饰 level of microplastics) 同位语: boiling and filtering it (解释说明 measure) 英译中练习： 现在，新的研究表明，一种简单、廉价的方法可以显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量：将其煮沸并过滤。 11. 原句： Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics. 结构分析: 主句: ... this process relies on the water ... 状语: Crucially 主语: this process 谓语: relies on 宾语: the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics (动名词复合结构 the water containing ... 作宾语) `containing enough calcium carbonate` (现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 water) `to trap the plastics` (不定式短语作目的状语，修饰 containing) 英译中练习： 关键在于，这个过程依赖于水中含有足够的碳酸钙来捕获塑料微粒。 12. 原句： "The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice," Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. 结构分析: 直接引语: "The way ... was nice," 主语: The way 定语从句: they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process (省略关系词 that/in which 的定语从句修饰 way) demonstrate 的宾语从句: how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process (how 引导) 系动词: was 表语: nice 主句（引述部分）: Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay ... tells New Scientist. 主语: Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay 同位语: an environmental engineer ... not involved in the research (解释说明主语) `of the University of Glasgow in Scotland` (介词短语修饰 engineer) 定语从句: who was not involved in the research (who 作主语，修饰 engineer) 谓语: tells 间接宾语: New Scientist 英译中练习： “他们展示微塑料如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很好，” 苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师卡罗琳·高肖特-林赛（Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay）告诉《新科学家》杂志，她并未参与这项研究。 五、七选五 (An Unsung Hero) 13. 原句： She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks. (对应选项D前句) 结构分析: 主句: She goes back and forth between machines ... 主语: She (Catherine Murphy) 谓语: goes 状语: back and forth (方式状语) between machines (地点状语) 目的状语: to make the drinks (不定式短语) 英译中练习： 她在几台机器之间来回穿梭制作饮品。 14. 原句： One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her. (原文段落) 结构分析: 主句: One thing ... is that ... 主语: One thing 定语从句: Murphy may not know (省略关系词 that 的定语从句修饰 thing) 系动词: is 表语从句: that her smile is contagious and can be the difference in a student having a much better day ... (that 引导) 并列谓语1: is contagious 并列谓语2: can be the difference 后置定语: in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her (介词短语修饰 difference) `having a much better day` (现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 student) `than they were having before seeing her` (比较状语从句) 英译中练习： 有一件事墨菲可能不知道，那就是她的微笑具有感染力，并且能让学生见到她之后的一天变得比之前好得多。 15. 原句： She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else. (对应选项G) 结构分析: 并列句: 由 and 连接两个分句: 分句1: She has served here for 17 years 主语: She 谓语: has served 状语: here, for 17 years 分句2: (she) can't imagine working anywhere else (省略主语) 谓语: can't imagine 宾语: working anywhere else (动名词短语) 英译中练习： 她已经在这里工作了17年，无法想象在其他地方工作。 六、语法填空 (Go Exhibition) 16. 原句： An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. (对应36题) 结构分析: 主句: An exhibition ... is featuring artwork ... 主语: An exhibition `at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai` (介词短语作后置定语) 谓语: is featuring 宾语: artwork 后置定语1: inspired by Go (过去分词短语修饰 artwork) 同位语: or weiqi in Chinese 非限制性定语从句: which originated in China more than 4,000 years ago (which 指代 Go/weiqi，作从句主语) 英译中练习： 上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术作品灵感来源于围棋（中文称为“weiqi”），围棋起源于4000多年前的中国。 17. 原句： The balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. (对应43-45题上下文) 结构分析: 主句: ... inspired artists to create ... 主语: 三个并列名词短语: The balance between the black and white pieces the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces the energy flow following each move (现在分词短语 following each move 作后置定语) 谓语: inspired 宾语: artists 宾语补足语: to create oil paintings, sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints (不定式短语) 目的状语: for the exhibition 英译中练习： 黑白棋子之间的平衡、棋子战略性布局的美感以及每步棋之后能量流动的韵律，激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成图片和丝网版画。 18. 原句： A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture of respect for the other side. (对应41-42题上下文) 结构分析: 主句: A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ... 主语: A decent winner 谓语: tries 宾语: to beat the opponent (不定式短语) 方式状语: by no more than one or two points (介词短语) 目的状语: as a gesture of respect for the other side (介词短语) 英译中练习： 一位体面的胜者总是力求仅以一、两分的优势击败对手，以此作为对对方尊重的表示。 七、完形填空 (The Vase Story) 19. 原句： We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects. 结构分析: 主句: We had decided ... , donated ... , and rented ... (三个并列谓语: had decided, donated, rented) 主语: We 谓语1: had decided on 宾语: key items 定语: for the apartment ... in town (介词短语修饰 items) 定语从句: we were moving to (省略关系词 that/which 的定语从句修饰 apartment) 谓语2: donated 宾语从句: what we could (what 引导) 谓语3: rented 宾语: a place 目的状语: to store our supposedly important objects (不定式短语) 英译中练习： 我们已为即将搬去的城里公寓选定了关键物品，捐掉了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方存放我们那些所谓重要的物件。 20. 原句： I take joy in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is appreciating something that couldn't come with us. (对应34-35题上下文) 结构分析: 主句: I take joy in knowing ... 主语: I 谓语: take 宾语: joy 状语: in knowing ... (介词短语) knowing 的宾语从句: that ... someone is appreciating something ... (that 引导) 地点状语: somewhere nearby 主语: someone 谓语: is appreciating 宾语: something 定语从句: that couldn't come with us (that 作主语，修饰 something) 英译中练习： 想到在附近某个地方，有人正在欣赏那些我们无法带走的东西，我就感到由衷的喜悦。 八、读后续写 (The Dog Toby Incident) 21. 原句： My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the early summer. 结构分析: 主句: My wife and I wanted to share our new home ... 主语: My wife and I 谓语: wanted 宾语: to share our new home with family and friends (不定式短语) 方式状语: by hosting a small gathering in the early summer (介词 by + 动名词短语) 英译中练习： 我和妻子想通过在初夏举办一个小型聚会，与家人和朋友分享我们的新家。 22. 原句： I tried to put myself in my brother's shoes. He was facing health issues and his wife of thirty-five years had passed away a few months earlier. 结构分析: 句子1: I tried to put myself in my brother's shoes. (主句) 主语: I 谓语: tried 宾语: to put myself in my brother's shoes (不定式短语) 句子2: He was facing health issues and his wife ... had passed away ... (并列句，由 and 连接两个分句) 分句1: He was facing health issues 分句2: his wife ... had passed away a few months earlier 主语: his wife of thirty-five years (of thirty-five years 作后置定语) 谓语: had passed away 时间状语: a few months earlier 英译中练习： 我试着站在我哥哥的角度思考。他正面临健康问题，而他相伴三十五年的妻子几个月前刚刚离世。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$