精品解析：浙江省宁波中学2024-2025学年高一上学期分班考模拟英语试卷

2024学年浙江省宁波中学高一上英语分班考模拟试卷 一、阅读理解 Metropolitan Art Gallery Visitor Guide Discover world-class art collections at the Metropolitan Art Gallery, where over 5,000 artworks spanning ancient to contemporary periods await your visit. Designed for art enthusiasts and casual visitors alike, our gallery offers an enriching cultural experience through carefully organized exhibitions and engaging programs. Opening Hours The gallery welcomes visitors Wednesday through Monday from 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM, with extended hours until 8:00 PM on Fridays. Please note we're closed on Tuesdays, and last admission is 45 minutes before closing time. Admission Prices Ticket Type Price Adult £15 Senior(65+) £12 Student (with ID) £10 Child (under 12) Free Family (2+2) £35 Daily Programs Begin your journey with our daily Guided Highlights Tour at 11:00 AM or 2:00 PM, perfect for first-time visitors. Families will enjoy our weekend Children's Art Workshops at10:30 AM, while art lovers can attend our Friday evening Artist Talks at 6:30 PM. Visitor Facilities We've designed your visit for comfort and convenience, offering free cloakroom service, wheelchair accessible routes, and audio guides in five languages (£3 rental). Relax at our gallery café serving light meals, and stay connected with free Wi-Fi throughout. Plan Your Visit For the best experience, we recommend allowing at least two hours for your visit and purchasing tickets online to avoid queues. Don't forget your camera (flash photography prohibited), and please note our size restrictions for bags (maximum 40x40x20cm). Location & Transport Located at 15 Culture Street, just a 5-minute walk from Central Station, the gallery offers bike racks and limited nearby parking for your convenience. 1. How much should a family of two adults and one child (aged 10) pay for admission? A. £25. B. £30. C. £35. D. £40. 2. What can visitors do in Metropolitan Art Gallery? A. Attend Artist talks on Monday. B. Appreciate ancient art works on Friday. C. Enjoy Guided Highlights Tours on Tuesday. D. Join Children's Art Workshops on Wednesday. 3. What are visitors advised to do before coming? A. Bring light meals. B. Rent an audio guide. C. Buy tickets online. D. Reserve parking spaces. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了参观大都会美术馆的具体细节。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格内容可知，Adult（成人）票价是15英镑，Child (under 12)（12岁以下儿童）是Free（免费的）。故一个由两名成人和一名10岁儿童组成的家庭只需支付两个成人票，即30英镑。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Discover world-class art collections at the Metropolitan Art Gallery, where over 5,000 artworks spanning ancient to contemporary periods await your visit.(在大都会美术馆探索世界级的艺术藏品吧，那里有超过5000件跨越古代至当代的艺术品静待您的参观。)”及 Opening Hours部分“ The gallery welcomes visitors Wednesday through Monday from 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM, with extended hours until 8:00 PM on Fridays.(该美术馆每周三至周一对游客开放，开放时间为上午10点至下午6点，周五延长至晚上8点。)”可知，在该美术馆，周五可欣赏古代艺术作品。故选B。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Plan Your Visit部分“ For the best experience, we recommend allowing at least two hours for your visit and purchasing tickets online to avoid queues.(为获得最佳参观体验，我们建议您至少预留两小时，并提前在线购票以避免排队。)”可知，文章建议游客参观之前提前在线购票。故选C。 4 Things Parents Should Always Keep in Mind During a Heat Wave A heat wave sweeps across the country this week. ____4____. Tony Woodward, medical director of emergency medicine at Seattle Children’s, provides the following advice for parents and caregivers about how to beat the heat as well as keep their kids safe this summer. Keep kids out of hot cars. Leaving a child alone in a car can result in deadly consequences, even on just a warm day. “It doesn’t take very long: ____5____,” says Woodward. “When you combine this with the fact that the temperature in your car can rise nearly 20 degrees in just 10 minutes, dangerous heatstroke can develop quickly.” ____6____. While the local lake or pool may provide a good place from the heat, parents and caregivers should be mindful of the dangers water presents. “Drowning is the second-leading cause of injury-related death for children aged 1-14,” says Woodward. So children should swim only when lifeguards are on duty. Prevent window falls. The summer weather has parents and caregivers opening windows and doors to try to get some circulation (循环) and relief from the heat. Woodward warns that open windows can be a big danger to young children. Thus make it a rule to play at least 2 feet away from windows. ____7____. Protect your child from too much sun. ____8____, though they do come with their risks. Woodward recommends parents to safeguard their children from the ill effects of exposure to too much sun. For example, when it is 90 degrees or above,children should not play outside or exercise for more than 30 minutes at a time. A. Enjoy the water safely B. Avoid water in hot surroundings C. If the weather is not friendly to the children D. Thus many families have health concerns in mind E. A child’s body heats up much faster than an adult’s F. Summer months are also for families to go outdoors G. And make sure other caregivers know about it as well 【答案】4. D 5. E 6. A 7. G 8. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在热浪期间家长应牢记的四件事，包括让孩子远离炎热的汽车、安全玩水、防止孩子从窗户坠落以及保护孩子免受过多阳光照射，并给出了相应的原因和具体建议。 【4题详解】 根据上文“A heat wave sweeps across the country this week.(本周一股热浪席卷全国)”以及下文“Tony Woodward, medical director of emergency medicine at Seattle Children’s, provides the following advice for parents and caregivers about how to beat the heat as well as keep their kids safe this summer(西雅图儿童医院急诊医学主任托尼・伍德沃德为家长和照顾者提供了以下建议，教他们如何在这个夏天消暑并保证孩子的安全)”可知，热浪来袭，医生为家长和照顾者提供建议，可推理出空白处说的是很多家庭会担心孩子的健康问题，D选项“Thus many families have health concerns in mind(因此，许多家庭都担心健康问题)”符合语境，起到了承上启下的作用，故选D项。 【5题详解】 根据上文“Leaving a child alone in a car can result in deadly consequences, even on just a warm day. It doesn’t take very long:(把孩子单独留在车里可能会导致致命的后果，即使只是在温暖的日子里。时间不需要很长)”可知，上文说的是把孩子单独留在车里可能会导致致命的后果，可推理出下文对此进行解释，E选项“A child’s body heats up much faster than an adult’s(孩子的身体比成年人升温快得多)”符合语境，能够说明把孩子单独留在车里危险的原因，故选E项。 【6题详解】 根据下文“While the local lake or pool may provide a good place from the heat, parents and caregivers should be mindful of the dangers water presents. “Drowning is the second-leading cause of injury-related death for children aged 1-14,” says Woodward. So children should swim only when lifeguards are on duty(虽然当地的湖泊或游泳池可能是避暑的好地方，但家长和照顾者应该注意水带来的危险。伍德沃德说：“溺水是1至14岁儿童受伤相关死亡的第二大原因。”所以孩子们应该只在有救生员值班的时候游泳)”可知，这一段主要讲的是在玩水时要注意安全。A选项“Enjoy the water safely(安全地玩水)”能够概括这一段的主旨，作为小标题合适，故选A项。 【7题详解】 根据上文“Woodward warns that open windows can be a big danger to young children. Thus make it a rule to play at least 2 feet away from windows(伍德沃德警告说，打开的窗户对年幼的孩子来说可能是一个很大的危险。因此，要规定孩子在离窗户至少2英尺的地方玩耍)”可知，此处是在强调防止孩子从窗户坠落的措施，G选项“And make sure other caregivers know about it as well(并确保其他照顾者也知道这一点)”进一步说明了要让其他人也了解这个情况，符合语境，故选G项。 【8题详解】 根据下文“though they do come with their risks. Woodward recommends parents to safeguard their children from the ill effects of exposure to too much sun. For example, when it is 90 degrees or above, children should not play outside or exercise for more than 30 minutes at a time(尽管它们确实存在风险。伍德沃德建议家长保护孩子免受过多阳光照射的不良影响。例如，当气温达到90度或以上时，孩子们一次在户外玩耍或锻炼的时间不应超过30分钟)”可知，此处是在说夏天户外玩耍有风险，F选项“Summer months are also for families to go outdoors(夏天也是家庭外出的季节)”符合语境，引出下文关于户外玩耍的风险及防护建议，故选F项。 In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing. For instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Additionally, the electricity used to charge EVs often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases. Some studies suggest that in regions heavily dependent on coal for electricity generation, the carbon footprint of EVs during their operation may not be much lower than that of conventional vehicles. Nevertheless, these concerns might be overstated. In fact, EVs may have a much greater potential for environmental benefits than many people realize. The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of EVs will become more pronounced. Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind. But as the world transitions to cleaner energy, this percentage is expected to rise significantly. Moreover, EVs contribute to reducing air pollution in urban areas. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which directly improves local air quality and reduces the health risks associated with breathing polluted air. Automakers and policymakers face the challenge of maximizing the environmental benefits of EVs while minimizing their negative impacts. The ideal solution would be to rapidly increase the proportion of renewable energy in the power grid and improve the efficiency of battery recycling. However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long-term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical. The first measure is promoting battery recycling. Starting in 2027, some countries will require automakers to take back used EV batteries and recycle at least 70% of the materials. This practice should be adopted more widely. The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations. By strategically placing charging stations near renewable energy sources, the environmental impact of charging can be further reduced. Third, automakers must invest more in research and development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and reducing the need for rare earth metals. Strengthening these approaches would help transform EVs from potential environmental concerns into powerful tools for environmental protection. 9. What is the main concern about electric vehicles? A. Their high production costs. B. Their limited driving range. C. Their potential negative environmental impact. D. Their competition with traditional gasoline- powered cars. 10. What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A. The environmental benefits of EVs are already fully realized. B. The environmental advantages of EVs depend on the source of electricity. C. renewable energy currently accounts for most of the electricity used for EV charging. D. EVs have no impact on reducing air pollution in urban areas. 11. Which solution is more practical to maximize the environmental benefits of EVs? A. Achieving a fully renewable power grid globally immediately. B. Banning the use of fossil-fuel-powered power plants. C. Optimizing the location of charging stations near renewable energy sources. D. Encouraging consumers to buy more gasoline-powered cars in the short term. 12. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Electric Vehicles: A Sure-Fire Solution for the Environment B. The High Cost of Electric Vehicle Batteries C. Electric Vehicles: A Threat or a Hope for the Environment? D. The Future of Traditional Gasoline-Powered Cars 【答案】9. C 10. B 11. C 12. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章围绕电动汽车对环境的影响展开讨论，既提到了人们对其环境影响的担忧，也阐述了其潜在的环境效益，探讨了电动汽车到底是对环境的威胁还是希望。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。文章第一段中“However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing. For instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Additionally, the electricity used to charge EVs often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases. (然而，人们越来越担心它们对环境的实际影响。例如，电动汽车电池的生产需要大量的稀土金属，而稀土金属的开采会导致森林砍伐、土壤侵蚀和水污染。此外，用于给电动汽车充电的电力通常来自燃烧化石燃料的发电厂，排放大量温室气体)”明确指出人们对电动汽车的主要担忧是其对环境的实际影响，包括电池生产带来的资源开采问题以及充电用电产生的温室气体排放等。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。第二段中“The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of EVs will become more pronounced. Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind.(国际清洁交通理事会（ICCT）预测，随着可再生能源在发电中所占份额的增加，电动汽车的环境优势将更加明显。目前，在一些地区，用于电动汽车充电的电力中只有约20%来自太阳能和风能等可再生能源)”提到，国际清洁交通委员会预测随着可再生能源在发电中占比增加，电动汽车的环境优势将更明显，且目前部分地区电动汽车充电用电只有约20%来自可再生能源，由此可推断电动汽车的环境优势取决于电力来源。故选B。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long - term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical.(然而，由于在全球范围内实现完全可再生电网仍然是一个长期目标，因此专注于三个更直接的措施更为实际)”和第四段中“The first measure is promoting battery recycling.(第一项措施是促进电池回收)”、“The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations.(二是优化充电站的位置)”以及“Third, automakers must invest more in research and development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and reducing the need for rare earth metals.(第三，汽车制造商必须加大研发投入，改进电池技术，使其更节能，减少对稀土金属的需求)”提到，实现全球完全可再生能源电网是长期目标，更实际的措施包括促进电池回收、优化充电站位置和改进电池技术等。故选C。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing.(近年来，电动汽车（EVs）作为一种更环保的替代传统汽油动力汽车而获得了显著的普及。然而，人们越来越担心它们对环境的实际影响)”可知，文章围绕电动汽车对环境的影响展开讨论，既提到了人们对其环境影响的担忧，也阐述了其潜在的环境效益，探讨了电动汽车到底是对环境的威胁还是希望，C选项“电动汽车：对环境的威胁还是希望？”符合文章主旨。故选C。 In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles. ____13____ Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the earth can no longer sustain us? ____14____ The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment more friendly than that of other planets. Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before. Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars. ____15____ Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life. However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth — ever. ____16____ As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert, consisting of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. Although the two-year experiment was a failure, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. Anyway, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer. This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the globe. ____17____ A. That definitely is a big step forward. B. Right now, it’s the only one we have. C. One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. D. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but isn’t impossible, as proved by scientists. E. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images. F. Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth. G. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take far better care of our own. 【答案】13. F 14. C 15. E 16. D 17. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章先指出过去人们担心核导弹会毁灭人类，如今环境问题成了地球生命最大威胁，接着探讨了探索火星移民的可能性，最后强调在能移居其他星球前要爱护地球。 【13题详解】 上文“In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles.(在20世纪60年代和70年代，最大的担忧是人类，甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命形式，都可能被核导弹消灭)”说明过去最大的担忧是核导弹对人类的威胁。F选项“Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.(然而，如今环境问题已成为地球上生命面临的最大风险)”与上文形成对比，指出现在最大的威胁变成了环境问题，同时引出下文“Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the earth can no longer sustain us?(科学家们正在考虑降低这种风险的方法，比如用可再生能源取代煤炭和石油。但他们也在为最坏的情况做准备：如果地球不能再养活我们，我们该怎么办？)”科学家对应对环境问题的思考，与上文逻辑连贯。故选F项。 【14题详解】 上文“Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the earth can no longer sustain us?(科学家们正在想办法降低这种风险，比如用可再生能源取代煤炭和石油。但他们也在为最坏的情况做准备：如果地球再也无法维持我们的生存，我们该怎么办?)”提出地球可能无法维持人类生存的问题。C选项“One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them.(一个选择是探索其他行星，看看我们是否能在上面生活)”针对上文问题给出了探索其他行星的解决方案，同时引出下文“The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment more friendly than that of other planets.(最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境比其他行星更友好)”对火星情况的介绍。故选C项。 【15题详解】 上文“Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars.(自20世纪60年代以来，我们一直在向火星发射无人航天器)”说明人类向火星发射了无人航天器。E选项“Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images.(我们的探测器已经环绕这颗行星飞行，发回了宝贵的数据和惊人的图像)”进一步描述了这些无人航天器(探测器)的工作情况，与上文内容衔接紧密。故选E项。 【16题详解】 上文“While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth — ever.(虽然几天内就能到达月球，但到达火星需要几个月时间，还要穿越危险的太阳辐射。而且，即使第一批定居者能安全到达火星，他们可能永远也无法回到地球)”强调了前往火星以及在火星生存的困难。D选项“Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but isn’t impossible, as proved by scientists.(生存将是每天都要面临的挑战，但并非不可能，科学家已经证明了这一点)”既承接上文提到的生存困难，又通过“并非不可能”给出积极的观点，与上文逻辑连贯。故选D项。 【17题详解】 上文“In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer. This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the globe.(与此同时，科学研究表明，地球正在变暖。这种变化是由人类活动引起的，正在对地球造成可怕的影响)”指出人类活动对地球造成了不良影响。G选项“Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take far better care of our own.(在我们最终能够在另一个星球上生活之前，我们需要更好地爱护我们自己的星球)”基于上文的问题，提出在能移居其他星球前要爱护地球的建议，与上文逻辑一致，总结全文。故选G项。 Chinese scientists have made a significant breakthrough in producing hydrogen from water using light. They added scandium (钪) to titanium dioxide (二氧化钛, TiO₂) to create a new TiO₂ structure. This innovation increases hydrogen production efficiency 15 times under sunlight compared to previous TiO₂ materials. The new performance of photocatalys, which is a chemical reaction that is accelerated by the absorption of light by a catalyst (催化剂) is due to 5% scandium doping. This creates TiO₂ particles with two crystal facets (面): {101} and {110}. The {101} facet collects electrons, while the {110} facet receives holes. This arrangement produces a strong electric field within the TiO₂ particles, enhancing charge transport efficiency. As a result, the photoinduced (光诱导的) charge separation efficiency has improved over 200 times, and the quantum efficiency for ultraviolet light at 360 nm has exceeded 30%. Compared to traditional solar hydrogen production methods like photovoltaic-powered electrolysis, this new approach is simpler and more cost-effective. Traditional methods require complex and expensive equipment, while TiO₂-based photocatalysts offer a more straightforward alternative. However, TiO₂ has a problem: photoexcited electrons and holes reunite quickly, reducing efficiency. The scandium-doped TiO₂ solves this problem in two ways: 1. Eliminating Charge Traps: Sc³⁺ ions fit well into the TiO₂ structure without causing distortion. Their stable +3 charge neutralizes the imbalance caused by oxygen vacancies, reducing electron-hole recombination. 2. Reconstructing the Crystal Surface: Scandium atoms rearrange the crystal surface to form specific facets, giving electrons and holes more time and space to participate in reactions. If made into a 100 m² photocatalytic panel, this material could generate enough hydrogen in one day to power a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle to travel about 68 kilometers. China has the world’s largest TiO₂ production capacity and significant scandium reserves, so this discovery could facilitate the large-scale industrial application of photocatalytic water splitting technology. It offers a promising way for more efficient and economical hydrogen production, which is crucial for transitioning to sustainable and carbon-neutral energy systems. This advancement highlights the potential of rare-earth elements in improving photocatalytic materials. As the world seeks ways to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change, this scandium-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst provides hope. It could accelerate the adoption of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier and support the development of hydrogen-powered technologies across various industries. In summary, this new scandium-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst is a major step forward in renewable energy. Its impressive performance and potential for widespread application bring us closer to a future where clean, sustainable hydrogen energy is both abundant and economically feasible. This breakthrough is expected to inspire further research and innovation in the design of advanced photocatalytic materials, driving the world closer to a carbon-neutral and sustainable energy future. 18. What fundamental innovation enables the dramatic improvement in hydrogen production efficiency? A. Substituting rare-earth elements for traditional catalysts. B. Optimizing catalyst structure through elemental integration. C. Developing ultra-thin semiconductor membrane layers. D. Implementing multi-stage photovoltaic conversion systems. 19. Which dual mechanism addresses the rapid recombination of electrons and holes? A. Neutralizing ionic imbalances and restructuring reactive pathways. B. Enhancing photon absorption and extending wavelength ranges. C. Introducing magnetic fields and cooling thermal byproducts. D. Isolating oxygen molecules and pressurizing reaction chambers. 20. Considering China’s industrial context, which factor would most critically determine the scalability of this technology? A. Global market demand for hydrogen vehicles. B. Availability of specialized manufacturing equipment. C. Domestic mineral resource distribution patterns. D. International carbon emission regulations. 21. A renewable energy startup plans to pilot this technology. Which implementation challenge aligns with the statement “photoexcited electrons and holes reunite quickly” (para. 3)? A. Maintaining stable light intensity across large surface areas. B. Preventing premature energy loss during charge migration. C. Scaling up ultraviolet light filtration systems. D. Balancing production costs with catalyst durability. 【答案】18. B 19. A 20. C 21. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学家用掺钪的二氧化钛光催化剂从水中制氢的突破，该方法高效且成本低，有望推动氢能产业发展。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“They added scandium (钪) to titanium dioxide (二氧化钛, TiO₂) to create a new TiO₂ structure. This innovation increases hydrogen production efficiency 15 times under sunlight compared to previous TiO₂ materials.(他们在二氧化钛 (TiO₂)中加入钪，创造了一种新的二氧化钛结构。与之前的二氧化钛材料相比，这一创新使阳光下的制氢效率提高了15倍)”可知，通过元素融合优化催化剂结构，使得制氢效率大幅提高。故选B项。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“1. Eliminating Charge Traps: Sc³⁺ ions fit well into the TiO₂ structure without causing distortion. Their stable +3 charge neutralizes the imbalance caused by oxygen vacancies, reducing electron hole recombination.(1. 消除电荷陷阱：Sc³⁺离子能很好地融入二氧化钛结构而不造成扭曲。它们稳定的 +3 价电荷中和了氧空位造成的不平衡，减少了电子-空穴复合)”和“2. Reconstructing the Crystal Surface: Scandium atoms rearrange the crystal surface to form specific facets, giving electrons and holes more time and space to participate in reactions.(2. 重构晶体表面：钪原子重新排列晶体表面形成特定的晶面，给电子-空穴更多的时间和空间参与反应)”可知，解决电子-空穴快速复合的双机制是中和离子不平衡和重构反应途径。故选A项。 【20题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“China has the world’s largest TiO₂ production capacity and significant scandium reserves, so this discovery could facilitate the large scale industrial application of photocatalytic water splitting technology.(中国拥有世界上最大二氧化钛生产能力和大量的钪储量，因此这一发现有助于光催化水分解技术的大规模工业应用)”可知，国内矿产资源的分布模式会对该技术的可扩展性起关键作用。故选C项。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, TiO₂ has a problem: photoexcited electrons and holes reunite quickly, reducing efficiency.(然而，二氧化钛有一个问题：光激发的电子-空穴很快重新结合，降低了效率)”和“1. Eliminating Charge Traps: Sc³⁺ ions fit well into the TiO₂ structure without causing distortion. Their stable +3 charge neutralizes the imbalance caused by oxygen vacancies, reducing electron hole recombination.(1. 消除电荷陷阱：Sc³⁺离子能很好地融入二氧化钛结构而不造成扭曲。它们稳定的 +3 价电荷中和了氧空位造成的不平衡，减少了电子-空穴复合)”可知电子-空穴快速复合导致能量损失，可再生能源初创公司在试点这项技术时，“防止电荷迁移过程中的过早能量损失”这一挑战与“光激发的电子-空穴很快重新结合”相契合。故选B项。 二、完形填空 Founded in 1880, the journal Science nowadays continues to publish the very best in research across the sciences. It is ____22____ an extra round of statistical (数据) checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are ____23____ the irre-producibility (不可复制) of many published research findings. “Readers must have ____24____ in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has ____25____ seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscripts will be flagged up for additional scrutiny (审查) by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by ____26____ peer reviews. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to ____27____ these manuscripts. Asked whether any particular papers had ____28____ the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns ____29____ with the application statistics and data analysis in scientific research. And it is part of Science’s overall ____30____ to increase re-producibility in the research we publish.” Giovanni Parmigiani, a bio-statistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he _____31_____ the board to “play primarily a consultive role”. He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be _____32_____, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to _____33_____ their approach after Science. Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data. _____34_____, statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Parkvilie, Australia. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in Nature in 2012, but journals should also take a(n) _____35_____ line. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to _____36_____ the papers that need scrutiny in the first place.” 22. A. announcing B. adding C. promoting D. advertising 23. A. resulting from B. putting forward C. calling on D. leading to 24. A. confidence B. motivation C. suspicion D. justice 25. A. rejected B. appointed C. transported D. blamed 26. A. considerate B. remote C. outside D. indirect 27. A. gather B. review C. compare D. qualify 28. A. stimulated B. revolutionized C. judged D. resisted 29. A. fortunately B. negatively C. broadly D. automatically 30. A. evaluation B. drive C. fuel D. trick 31. A. permitted B. forced C. ordered D. expected 32. A. thoughtless B. amusing C. fresh D. profitable 33 A. model B. record C. donate D. exchange 34. A. Furthermore B. Instead C. However D. Consequently 35. A. deeper B. tougher C. farther D. thinner 36. A. remove B. inform C. adjust D. identify 【答案】22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了《科学》杂志将组建统计评审编辑委员会，在同行评审过程中增加一轮额外的数据检查。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：总编辑玛西亚·麦克纳特今天宣布，它将在同行评审过程中增加一轮额外的数据检查。A. announcing宣布；B. adding增加；C. promoting促进；D. advertising登广告。根据句中“an extra round of statistical (数据的) checks”可知，这一轮数据检查是额外增加的。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：其他期刊也采取了类似的措施，因为人们普遍担心数据分析中的基本错误正导致许多已发表的研究成果不可复制。A. resulting from由于；B. putting forward提出；C. calling on号召；D. leading to导致。根据句中“basic mistakes in data analysis”可推知，数据分析中的错误可能会导致问题。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“读者必须对我们杂志上发表的结论有信心，”麦克纳特在一篇社论中写道。A. confidence自信；B. motivation动力；C. suspicion怀疑；D. justice公平。根据第一段“editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt”可知，Marcia McNutt是《科学》杂志总编辑，所以他要保证读者对《科学》杂志中的结论充满信心。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：该杂志与美国统计协会合作，任命了7名专家进入统计评审编辑委员会。A. rejected拒绝；B. appointed任命，委派；C. transported运输；D. blamed谴责。根据句中“seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors”可知，《科学》杂志任命了7名专家加入评审编辑委员会。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：稿件将被标记出来，接受杂志内部编辑、现有的评审编辑委员会或外部同行评审的额外审查。A. considerate体贴的；B. remote遥远的；C. outside外部的；D. indirect间接的。根据下文“The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians”可知，除了杂志内部编辑和现有评审编辑委员会评审，还有外部同行评审机制。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，该委员会将寻找外部统计学家来审查这些原稿。A. gather聚集；B. review审查；C. compare比较；D. qualify取得资格。根据上文“the journal has　4　 seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors”和“Manuscripts will be flagged up for additional scrutiny (审查)”可知，这些原稿需要接受外部统计学家的审查。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及是否有特定的论文促成这一改变时，麦克纳特说：“统计委员会”的创立是出于对科学研究中的应用统计和数据分析的广泛关注。A. stimulated促进，激发；B. revolutionized改革；C. judged判断；D. resisted抵制。根据下文“The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns　8　 with the application statistics and data analysis in scientific research.”可知，McNutt解释了建立统计委员会的原因，由此推知，他被问及的问题是是否有特定的论文促成这一改变。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当被问及是否有特定的论文促成这一改变时，麦克纳特说：“统计委员会”的创立是出于对科学研究中的应用统计和数据分析的广泛关注。A. fortunately幸运地；B. negatively消极地；C. broadly广泛地；D. automatically自动地。根据句中“the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns”可知，McNutt在解释建立统计委员会的原因，由此推知，只有问题得到广泛关注才能促成变革。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这也是《科学》杂志提高我们发表的研究的可再生产性的整体驱动力的一部分。A. evaluation评价；B. drive驱动力；C. fuel燃料；D. trick花招。根据句中“to increase re-producibility in the research”可知，提高研究的可再生产性是《科学》杂志的驱动力。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈佛大学公共卫生学院的生物统计学家、SBoRE小组成员Giovanni Parmigiani表示，他希望该委员会“主要发挥咨询作用”。A. permitted允许；B. forced强迫；C. ordered命令；D. expected期待。根据句中“to ‘play primarily a consultive role’”可知，这是Giovanni Parmigiani对统计委员会的期望。故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他之所以同意加入，是因为他“发现建立SBoRE背后的远见卓识是新颖的、独特的，可能会产生持久的影响。”。A. thoughtless轻率的；B. amusing有趣的；C. fresh新颖的，独创的；D. profitable盈利的。根据句中“foresight”和“unique”可推知，建立统计评审编辑委员会的是具有前瞻性的、新颖的、独特的。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种影响将不仅仅是通过《科学》杂志自己发表的论文产生作用，而且有望通过更大的、可能想要效仿《科学》杂志的方法出版机构来产生作用。A. model模仿、仿照；B. record记录；C. donate捐赠；D. exchange交换。根据句中“after Science”可知，其他出版机构会效仿《科学》杂志的做法。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，澳大利亚帕克维尔沃尔特和伊丽莎霍尔医学研究所的细胞生物学家David Vaux说，在已发表的研究中，统计错误非常普遍，令人担忧。A. Furthermore此外；B. Instead相反；C. However然而；D. Consequently因此。上文说专业科学家知道如何分析数据，下文讲在已发表的研究中，统计错误仍非常普遍，上下文有转折关系。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他在2012年的《自然》杂志上写道，研究人员应该提高他们的标准，但期刊也应该采取更严厉的立场。A. deeper更深的；B. tougher更严厉的；C. farther更远的；D. thinner较薄的。上文讲研究人员应该提高论文标准，结合空前also可知，上下文是并列关系，因此，期刊也应该采取更严厉的审核态度。故选B项。 【36题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：克斯说，《科学》杂志把一些论文交给统计学家的想法“有一定的优点，但缺点是它依赖于审查编辑委员会来确定首先需要审查的论文。A. remove移开；B. inform告知；C. adjust调整；D. identify确认。根据下文“the papers that need scrutiny in the first place”可知，审查编辑委员会需要先确认哪些论文要审查。故选D项。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Notwithstanding the ostensibly harmonious coexistence of analog heuristic frameworks and algorithmic decision-making architectures ___37___ emerge as diametrically opposed epistemological constructs upon rigorous semiotic deconstruction, contemporary philosophical discourse remains paradoxically entrenched in Cartesian dualism, ___38___ (manifest) through its persistent failure to reconcile phenomenological interpretations of machine learning’s black-box operations ___39___ the neuroplastic adaptations observed in Homo sapiens’ prefrontal cortex when subjected to prolonged exposure to stochastic information ecosystems, ___40___ condition remains irreducibly complex even when applying fractal analysis to metastasizing data patterns. The epistemological chasm ___41___ (widen) at an exponential rate since the advent of quantum computing — whose probabilistic logic gates defy classical Boolean taxonomy — has precipitated a cognitive dissonance pandemic, ___42___ evidenced by metastudies demonstrating that 83.7% of subjects exposed to contradictory truth claims ___43___ (generate) through AI content farms exhibit measurable degradation in reality-testing capacities, ___44___ ironic reversal of Enlightenment-era assumptions about information accessibility ___45___ (correlate) positively with rational thinking, _____46_____ (intensify) calls for radical epistemic re-engineering beyond current neurocognitive models. 【答案】37. that##which 38. manifesting 39. with 40. a 41. widening 42. as 43. generated 44. an 45. correlating 46. intensifying 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了人工智能与人类认知之间的认识论冲突及其引发的认知危机。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：尽管模拟启发式框架和算法决策架构表面上和谐共存，但在严格的符号学解构下，它们作为截然对立的认识论建构，当代哲学话语仍然自相矛盾地陷入笛卡尔二元论，这表现在它持续未能调和机器学习黑箱操作的现象学解释与人类前额皮层长期暴露于随机信息生态系统时所观察到的神经可塑性适应，即使应用分形分析来处理不断涌现的数据模式，这一条件仍然无法简化“ 1 emerge as diametrically opposed epistemological constructs upon rigorous semiotic deconstruction”是限定性定语从句，先行词是analog heuristic frameworks and algorithmic decision-making architectures，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。故填that或which。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，manifest与逻辑主语“contemporary philosophical discourse”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填manifesting。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：同上。固定短语reconcile...with...“使……与……协调一致”。故填with。 【40题详解】 考查冠词。句意：同上。此处泛指“一个条件”，且condition以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：自量子计算出现以来，认识论的鸿沟以指数级的速度扩大——量子计算的概率逻辑门违背了经典布尔分类法已经引发了认知失调的大流行，研究表明，83.7%的受试者接触到由人工智能内容农场产生的相互矛盾的真相声明，在现实测试能力方面表现出可测量的退化，这是对启蒙时代关于信息可获取性与理性思维正相关的假设的讽刺逆转，加剧了对超越当前神经认知模型的激进认知重组的呼吁。The epistemological chasm与widen为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填widening。 【42题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，“evidenced by metastudies demonstrating that...”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词as“正如，正像”引导。故填as。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，generate与“contradictory truth claims”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填generated。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：同上。此处泛指“一种讽刺性的逆转”，且ironic以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。information accessibility与correlate为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。故填correlating。 【46题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处作结果状语，前面描述的情况自然而然地导致了“calls for radical epistemic re-engineering beyond current neurocognitive models”，应用现在分词。故填intensifying。 四、书面表达 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。 One afternoon, Tom’s father brought home five healthy Rhode Island Red chickens and presented them to Tom. “If you take good care of them,” his father explained, “I’ll buy all the eggs they lay at market price. But remember, you’re responsible for buying their feed.” Thrilled at the opportunity to earn his own money, Tom immediately agreed, his mind already racing with plans for his new “business”. For the first few weeks, Tom was the picture of dedication. Every morning before school, he would carefully measure out the chickens’ feed — a nutritious blend of grains and seeds recommended by the local feed store. He made sure their water was always fresh and their cage clean. The chickens, well cared for, rewarded his efforts with a steady supply of eggs—four or five each day. Tom would collect them in a small basket, and his father would pay him a fair price. Proud of his earnings, Tom started dreaming bigger. He made plans for a larger cage and even researched how to raise more chickens to increase his profits. But as the weeks passed, Tom noticed something unsettling. The number of eggs began to drop — first to three a day, then two, and sometimes even just one. Maybe the chickens were just having an off week, he thought. But when the trend continued, worry set in. He examined each chicken carefully, checking for signs of illness or stress, but they seemed perfectly healthy. Confused and frustrated, he finally approached his father one evening after dinner. His father listened quietly, then asked, “Think about it — have you changed anything in how you care for them?” Tom hesitated. Then it hit him. A few weeks earlier, he had decided to cut costs by switching to cheaper feed and reducing the portions slightly. He’d figured the chickens wouldn’t notice, and the savings would add up. But now, his attempt to save a few dollars had backfired. 注意： 1．续写词数应150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A wave of guilt washing over him, Tom determined to make things right. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Within a week, Tom noticed a change. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A wave of guilt washing over him, Tom determined to make things right. He immediately went back to the local feed store and bought the high-quality feed he had used before. He also decided to give the chickens a bit more than the recommended amount. Every morning, he got up earlier to clean the cage more thoroughly and make sure the water was crystal clear. He spent extra time observing the chickens, talking to them gently as if to apologize for his previous neglect. He knew that it would take time for the chickens to recover, but he was patient and committed to restoring their egg laying ability. Within a week, Tom noticed a change. The chickens seemed more energetic, pecking around the cage with enthusiasm. One morning, when he went to collect the eggs, he found three eggs in the basket. A wide smile spread across his face. As the days went by, the number of eggs gradually increased back to four or five a day. Tom was overjoyed. He realized that in business, as in life, taking shortcuts and cutting corners would only lead to failure. From then on, he was more responsible and dedicated, understanding that proper care and investment were the keys to success. His new-found wisdom would surely serve him well in his future endeavors. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述Tom父亲送他五只鸡让他通过卖蛋赚钱，起初他悉心照料收获颇丰，后来为省钱换饲料致产蛋量下降，经父亲提醒意识到问题所在。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“一阵愧疚感涌上心头，汤姆决心弥补过错。”可知，第一段可描写汤姆采取一系列补救措施，如换回优质饲料、增加喂食量、更用心照顾鸡等，期望恢复鸡的产蛋能力。 ②由第二段首句内容“一周后，汤姆注意到了变化。”可知，第二段可描写鸡的状态变好，产蛋量回升，汤姆从中领悟到做事不能走捷径，要有责任心和投入。 2. 续写线索：采取补救措施——鸡有变化——产蛋量回升——获得感悟 3. 词汇激活： 行为类 ①回到：go back to/return to ②观察：observe/watch/monitor ③恢复：restore/recover/regain 情绪类 ①温和地：gently/tenderly/softly ②狂喜的：overjoyed/ecstatic 【点睛】[高分句型1] Every morning, he got up earlier to clean the cage more thoroughly and make sure the water was crystal clear. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] He knew that it would take time for the chickens to recover, but he was patient and committed to restoring their egg laying ability. (运用了连词that引导宾语从句) [高分句型3] As the days went by, the number of eggs gradually increased back to four or five a day.(运用了从属连词as引导时间状语从句) 48. 假定你是李华，请根据你校对学生近视情况做的调查，为校英文报写一篇文章，倡议大家爱护眼睛，内容包括： 1. 调查结果；　2. 发出倡议。 注意:写作词数应为80左右。 Recently, our school conducted a survey on how many students have become short-sighted. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Recently, our school conducted a survey on how many students have become short-sighted. The results are so shocking. At present, a majority of high school students, accounting for 57%, are short-sighted. The causes of the phenomenon vary. Due to heavy academic burden, some students may overuse their eyes without a rest, negatively affecting their health. Others, however, spend too much time glued to electronic devices and have poor reading habits. In order to have good eyesight, I advocate that we do eye exercises every day and form good habits of using our eyes. Only when we realize the importance of protecting eyes can we get rid of short-sightedness. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表作文。要求考生根据学校对学生近视情况做的调查结果为校英文报写一篇文章，倡议大家爱护眼睛。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 由于：due to → owing to 重要性：importance → significance 意识到：realize → be aware of 目前，现在：at present → at the present time 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Due to heavy academic burden, some students may overuse their eyes without a rest, negatively affecting their health. 拓展句：Due to heavy academic burden, some students may overuse their eyes without a rest, which negatively affects their health. 【点睛】【高分句型1】In order to have good eyesight, I advocate that we do eye exercises every day and form good habits of using our eyes.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Only when we realize the importance of protecting eyes can we get rid of short-sightedness.（运用了部分倒装句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年浙江省宁波中学高一上英语分班考模拟试卷 一、阅读理解 Metropolitan Art Gallery Visitor Guide Discover world-class art collections at the Metropolitan Art Gallery, where over 5,000 artworks spanning ancient to contemporary periods await your visit. Designed for art enthusiasts and casual visitors alike, our gallery offers an enriching cultural experience through carefully organized exhibitions and engaging programs. Opening Hours The gallery welcomes visitors Wednesday through Monday from 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM, with extended hours until 8:00 PM on Fridays. Please note we're closed on Tuesdays, and last admission is 45 minutes before closing time. Admission Prices Ticket Type Price Adult £15 Senior(65+) £12 Student (with ID) £10 Child (under 12) Free Family (2+2) £35 Daily Programs Begin your journey with our daily Guided Highlights Tour at 11:00 AM or 2:00 PM, perfect for first-time visitors. Families will enjoy our weekend Children's Art Workshops at10:30 AM, while art lovers can attend our Friday evening Artist Talks at 6:30 PM. Visitor Facilities We've designed your visit for comfort and convenience, offering free cloakroom service, wheelchair accessible routes, and audio guides in five languages (£3 rental). Relax at our gallery café serving light meals, and stay connected with free Wi-Fi throughout. Plan Your Visit For the best experience, we recommend allowing at least two hours for your visit and purchasing tickets online to avoid queues. Don't forget your camera (flash photography prohibited), and please note our size restrictions for bags (maximum 40x40x20cm). Location & Transport Located at 15 Culture Street, just a 5-minute walk from Central Station, the gallery offers bike racks and limited nearby parking for your convenience. 1. How much should a family of two adults and one child (aged 10) pay for admission? A. £25. B. £30. C. £35. D. £40. 2. What can visitors do in Metropolitan Art Gallery? A. Attend Artist talks on Monday. B. Appreciate ancient art works on Friday. C. Enjoy Guided Highlights Tours on Tuesday. D. Join Children's Art Workshops on Wednesday. 3. What are visitors advised to do before coming? A. Bring light meals. B. Rent an audio guide. C. Buy tickets online. D. Reserve parking spaces. 4 Things Parents Should Always Keep in Mind During a Heat Wave A heat wave sweeps across the country this week. ____4____. Tony Woodward, medical director of emergency medicine at Seattle Children’s, provides the following advice for parents and caregivers about how to beat the heat as well as keep their kids safe this summer. Keep kids out of hot cars. Leaving a child alone in a car can result in deadly consequences, even on just a warm day. “It doesn’t take very long: ____5____,” says Woodward. “When you combine this with the fact that the temperature in your car can rise nearly 20 degrees in just 10 minutes, dangerous heatstroke can develop quickly.” ____6____. While the local lake or pool may provide a good place from the heat, parents and caregivers should be mindful of the dangers water presents. “Drowning is the second-leading cause of injury-related death for children aged 1-14,” says Woodward. So children should swim only when lifeguards are on duty. Prevent window falls. The summer weather has parents and caregivers opening windows and doors to try to get some circulation (循环) and relief from the heat. Woodward warns that open windows can be a big danger to young children. Thus make it a rule to play at least 2 feet away from windows. ____7____. Protect your child from too much sun ____8____, though they do come with their risks. Woodward recommends parents to safeguard their children from the ill effects of exposure to too much sun. For example, when it is 90 degrees or above,children should not play outside or exercise for more than 30 minutes at a time. A. Enjoy the water safely B. Avoid water in hot surroundings C. If the weather is not friendly to the children D. Thus many families have health concerns in mind E. A child’s body heats up much faster than an adult’s F. Summer months are also for families to go outdoors G. And make sure other caregivers know about it as well In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant popularity as a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. However, concerns about their actual environmental impact are growing. For instance, the production of EV batteries requires large amounts of rare earth metals, the mining of which can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Additionally, the electricity used to charge EVs often comes from power plants that burn fossil fuels, emitting substantial amounts of greenhouse gases. Some studies suggest that in regions heavily dependent on coal for electricity generation, the carbon footprint of EVs during their operation may not be much lower than that of conventional vehicles. Nevertheless, these concerns might be overstated. In fact, EVs may have a much greater potential for environmental benefits than many people realize. The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) predicts that as the share of renewable energy in electricity generation increases, the environmental advantages of EVs will become more pronounced. Currently, only about 20% of the electricity used for EV charging in some regions comes from renewable sources like solar and wind. But as the world transitions to cleaner energy, this percentage is expected to rise significantly. Moreover, EVs contribute to reducing air pollution in urban areas. They produce zero tailpipe emissions, which directly improves local air quality and reduces the health risks associated with breathing polluted air. Automakers and policymakers face the challenge of maximizing the environmental benefits of EVs while minimizing their negative impacts. The ideal solution would be to rapidly increase the proportion of renewable energy in the power grid and improve the efficiency of battery recycling. However, since achieving a fully renewable power grid globally is still a long-term goal, focusing on three more immediate measures is more practical. The first measure is promoting battery recycling. Starting in 2027, some countries will require automakers to take back used EV batteries and recycle at least 70% of the materials. This practice should be adopted more widely. The second measure is optimizing the location of charging stations. By strategically placing charging stations near renewable energy sources, the environmental impact of charging can be further reduced. Third, automakers must invest more in research and development to improve battery technology, making it more energy-efficient and reducing the need for rare earth metals. Strengthening these approaches would help transform EVs from potential environmental concerns into powerful tools for environmental protection. 9. What is the main concern about electric vehicles? A. Their high production costs. B. Their limited driving range. C. Their potential negative environmental impact. D. Their competition with traditional gasoline- powered cars. 10. What can be inferred from the second paragraph? A. The environmental benefits of EVs are already fully realized. B. The environmental advantages of EVs depend on the source of electricity. C. renewable energy currently accounts for most of the electricity used for EV charging. D. EVs have no impact on reducing air pollution in urban areas. 11. Which solution is more practical to maximize the environmental benefits of EVs? A. Achieving a fully renewable power grid globally immediately. B. Banning the use of fossil-fuel-powered power plants. C. Optimizing the location of charging stations near renewable energy sources. D. Encouraging consumers to buy more gasoline-powered cars in the short term. 12. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Electric Vehicles: A Sure-Fire Solution for the Environment B. The High Cost of Electric Vehicle Batteries C. Electric Vehicles: A Threat or a Hope for the Environment? D. The Future of Traditional Gasoline-Powered Cars In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advanced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles. ____13____ Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also preparing for the worst: what can we do if the earth can no longer sustain us? ____14____ The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment more friendly than that of other planets. Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before. Since the 1960s, we have been sending unmanned spacecraft to Mars. ____15____ Our robots have explored the Martian surface, testing the soil and searching for resources, water and signs of life. However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence of the human race. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be able to return to Earth — ever. ____16____ As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert, consisting of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. Although the two-year experiment was a failure, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. Anyway human settlement of Mars is still decades away. In the meantime, scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer. This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terrible effect on the globe. ____17____ A. That definitely is a big step forward. B. Right now, it’s the only one we have. C. One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. D. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but isn’t impossible, as proved by scientists. E. Our probes have orbited the planet, sending back valuable data and stunning images. F. Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth. G. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take far better care of our own. Chinese scientists have made a significant breakthrough in producing hydrogen from water using light. They added scandium (钪) to titanium dioxide (二氧化钛, TiO₂) to create a new TiO₂ structure. This innovation increases hydrogen production efficiency 15 times under sunlight compared to previous TiO₂ materials. The new performance of photocatalys, which is a chemical reaction that is accelerated by the absorption of light by a catalyst (催化剂) is due to 5% scandium doping. This creates TiO₂ particles with two crystal facets (面): {101} and {110}. The {101} facet collects electrons, while the {110} facet receives holes. This arrangement produces a strong electric field within the TiO₂ particles, enhancing charge transport efficiency. As a result, the photoinduced (光诱导的) charge separation efficiency has improved over 200 times, and the quantum efficiency for ultraviolet light at 360 nm has exceeded 30%. Compared to traditional solar hydrogen production methods like photovoltaic-powered electrolysis, this new approach is simpler and more cost-effective. Traditional methods require complex and expensive equipment, while TiO₂-based photocatalysts offer a more straightforward alternative. However, TiO₂ has a problem: photoexcited electrons and holes reunite quickly, reducing efficiency. The scandium-doped TiO₂ solves this problem in two ways: 1. Eliminating Charge Traps: Sc³⁺ ions fit well into the TiO₂ structure without causing distortion. Their stable +3 charge neutralizes the imbalance caused by oxygen vacancies, reducing electron-hole recombination. 2. Reconstructing the Crystal Surface: Scandium atoms rearrange the crystal surface to form specific facets, giving electrons and holes more time and space to participate in reactions. If made into a 100 m² photocatalytic panel, this material could generate enough hydrogen in one day to power a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle to travel about 68 kilometers. China has the world’s largest TiO₂ production capacity and significant scandium reserves, so this discovery could facilitate the large-scale industrial application of photocatalytic water splitting technology. It offers a promising way for more efficient and economical hydrogen production, which is crucial for transitioning to sustainable and carbon-neutral energy systems. This advancement highlights the potential of rare-earth elements in improving photocatalytic materials. As the world seeks ways to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change, this scandium-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst provides hope. It could accelerate the adoption of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier and support the development of hydrogen-powered technologies across various industries. In summary, this new scandium-doped TiO₂ photocatalyst is a major step forward in renewable energy. Its impressive performance and potential for widespread application bring us closer to a future where clean, sustainable hydrogen energy is both abundant and economically feasible. This breakthrough is expected to inspire further research and innovation in the design of advanced photocatalytic materials, driving the world closer to a carbon-neutral and sustainable energy future. 18. What fundamental innovation enables the dramatic improvement in hydrogen production efficiency? A. Substituting rare-earth elements for traditional catalysts. B. Optimizing catalyst structure through elemental integration. C. Developing ultra-thin semiconductor membrane layers. D. Implementing multi-stage photovoltaic conversion systems. 19. Which dual mechanism addresses the rapid recombination of electrons and holes? A. Neutralizing ionic imbalances and restructuring reactive pathways. B. Enhancing photon absorption and extending wavelength ranges. C. Introducing magnetic fields and cooling thermal byproducts. D. Isolating oxygen molecules and pressurizing reaction chambers. 20. Considering China’s industrial context, which factor would most critically determine the scalability of this technology? A. Global market demand for hydrogen vehicles. B Availability of specialized manufacturing equipment. C. Domestic mineral resource distribution patterns. D. International carbon emission regulations. 21. A renewable energy startup plans to pilot this technology. Which implementation challenge aligns with the statement “photoexcited electrons and holes reunite quickly” (para. 3)? A. Maintaining stable light intensity across large surface areas. B. Preventing premature energy loss during charge migration. C. Scaling up ultraviolet light filtration systems. D. Balancing production costs with catalyst durability. 二、完形填空 Founded in 1880, the journal Science nowadays continues to publish the very best in research across the sciences. It is ____22____ an extra round of statistical (数据的) checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are ____23____ the irre-producibility (不可复制) of many published research findings. “Readers must have ____24____ in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has ____25____ seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscripts will be flagged up for additional scrutiny (审查) by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by ____26____ peer reviews. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to ____27____ these manuscripts. Asked whether any particular papers had ____28____ the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns ____29____ with the application statistics and data analysis in scientific research. And it is part of Science’s overall ____30____ to increase re-producibility in the research we publish.” Giovanni Parmigiani, a bio-statistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he _____31_____ the board to “play primarily a consultive role”. He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be _____32_____, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to _____33_____ their approach after Science. Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data. _____34_____, statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Parkvilie, Australia. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in Nature in 2012, but journals should also take a(n) _____35_____ line. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to _____36_____ the papers that need scrutiny in the first place.” 22. A. announcing B. adding C. promoting D. advertising 23. A. resulting from B. putting forward C. calling on D. leading to 24. A. confidence B. motivation C. suspicion D. justice 25. A. rejected B. appointed C. transported D. blamed 26 A. considerate B. remote C. outside D. indirect 27. A. gather B. review C. compare D. qualify 28. A. stimulated B. revolutionized C. judged D. resisted 29 A. fortunately B. negatively C. broadly D. automatically 30. A. evaluation B. drive C. fuel D. trick 31. A. permitted B. forced C. ordered D. expected 32. A. thoughtless B. amusing C. fresh D. profitable 33. A. model B. record C. donate D. exchange 34. A. Furthermore B. Instead C. However D. Consequently 35. A. deeper B. tougher C. farther D. thinner 36. A. remove B. inform C. adjust D. identify 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Notwithstanding the ostensibly harmonious coexistence of analog heuristic frameworks and algorithmic decision-making architectures ___37___ emerge as diametrically opposed epistemological constructs upon rigorous semiotic deconstruction, contemporary philosophical discourse remains paradoxically entrenched in Cartesian dualism, ___38___ (manifest) through its persistent failure to reconcile phenomenological interpretations of machine learning’s black-box operations ___39___ the neuroplastic adaptations observed in Homo sapiens’ prefrontal cortex when subjected to prolonged exposure to stochastic information ecosystems, ___40___ condition remains irreducibly complex even when applying fractal analysis to metastasizing data patterns. The epistemological chasm ___41___ (widen) at an exponential rate since the advent of quantum computing — whose probabilistic logic gates defy classical Boolean taxonomy — has precipitated a cognitive dissonance pandemic, ___42___ evidenced by metastudies demonstrating that 83.7% of subjects exposed to contradictory truth claims ___43___ (generate) through AI content farms exhibit measurable degradation in reality-testing capacities, ___44___ ironic reversal of Enlightenment-era assumptions about information accessibility ___45___ (correlate) positively with rational thinking, _____46_____ (intensify) calls for radical epistemic re-engineering beyond current neurocognitive models. 四、书面表达 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。 One afternoon, Tom’s father brought home five healthy Rhode Island Red chickens and presented them to Tom. “If you take good care of them,” his father explained, “I’ll buy all the eggs they lay at market price. But remember, you’re responsible for buying their feed.” Thrilled at the opportunity to earn his own money, Tom immediately agreed, his mind already racing with plans for his new “business”. For the first few weeks, Tom was the picture of dedication. Every morning before school, he would carefully measure out the chickens’ feed — a nutritious blend of grains and seeds recommended by the local feed store. He made sure their water was always fresh and their cage clean. The chickens, well cared for, rewarded his efforts with a steady supply of eggs—four or five each day. Tom would collect them in a small basket, and his father would pay him a fair price. Proud of his earnings, Tom started dreaming bigger. He made plans for a larger cage and even researched how to raise more chickens to increase his profits. But as the weeks passed, Tom noticed something unsettling. The number of eggs began to drop — first to three a day, then two, and sometimes even just one. Maybe the chickens were just having an off week, he thought. But when the trend continued, worry set in. He examined each chicken carefully, checking for signs of illness or stress, but they seemed perfectly healthy. Confused and frustrated, he finally approached his father one evening after dinner. His father listened quietly, then asked, “Think about it — have you changed anything in how you care for them?” Tom hesitated. Then it hit him. A few weeks earlier, he had decided to cut costs by switching to cheaper feed and reducing the portions slightly. He’d figured the chickens wouldn’t notice, and the savings would add up. But now, his attempt to save a few dollars had backfired. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A wave of guilt washing over him, Tom determined to make things right. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Within a week, Tom noticed a change. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 48. 假定你是李华，请根据你校对学生近视情况做的调查，为校英文报写一篇文章，倡议大家爱护眼睛，内容包括： 1. 调查结果；　2. 发出倡议。 注意:写作词数应为80左右。 Recently, our school conducted a survey on how many students have become short-sighted. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$