内容正文:
Unit 2 Great people
一、学霸基础笔记
项 目
概 览
单元话题
一个伟大的人
重点单词
名词: inventor 发明者 invention 发明物,创意 explorer 探险者,考察者 pilot 飞行员 spacecrsft宇宙飞船,航天器[单复同形] astronaut 宇航员 citizen 公民,市民 pride 骄傲,可引以为豪的人(或物) contribution 贡献
形容词:giant 巨大的,伟大的 further 更多的,更进一步的 unknown 未知的,不出名的
动词:invent 发明 serve 服役,服务,招待 increase 增加
副词:widely 广泛地,普遍地
重点短语
hear of sb. 听说 at the age of 在……岁时
serve as…作为……而服务 out of control脱离控制
receive the order to do sth. 收到命令做某事 step out onto …踏上……
the pride of ………的骄傲 push for the use of…推动……的使用
die of hunger死于饥饿 cut…short 缩短……
重点句型
1. Who do you think is the greatest person in history?
你认为谁是历史上最伟大的人?
2. He was one of the first Europeans to discover America.
他是最早发现美洲的欧洲人之一。
3. Mandela was a fighter for the rights of black Africans all his life.
曼德拉是一位一生都为非洲黑人权利努力的战士。
4. On their way back to the Earth, the spacecraft began spinning out of control.
在他们回地球的途中,宇宙飞船开始失去控制地旋转。
5. One small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.
个人一小步,人类一飞跃。
6. He was the pride of the whole world.
他是全世界的骄傲。
单元语法
时态
2、 学霸知识梳理
Period 1 Comic strip& Welcome to the unit
(一)教材要点梳理:
要点一Who do you think is the greatest person in history, Eddie? 你认为谁是历史上最伟大的人,埃迪?(P20 )
►1.句中do you think作插入语,一般疑问句形式的插入语用于特殊疑问句中时,常放在疑问词之后。如:
Who do you know is the most hard-working student in your class? 你认为在你们班最努力学习的人是谁?
【注意】如果疑问词后是一个完整的句子,则疑问词后的句子仍用陈述语序,不用疑问语序。如:
When do you think he will be back? 你认为他什么时候会回来?
►2.句中in history意为“在历史上”。如:
Mr. Kang will go down in history as a famous teacher. 康老师将作为一名著名的教师被载入史册。
【例题】What do you think ________ him so angry?
A. make B. makes C. making D.to make
【解析】 B 句意:你认为是什么让他如此生气?主语为what,do you think是插入语,谓语动词用单数形式。故选B。
要点二I have never heard of him. 我从没听说过他。(P20)
►1. 句中never作副词,意为“永不,从不”,常见用法为:
(1)never通常置于实义动词前,be动词、助动词或情态动词后。如:
She never gets up early on Saturday morning. 她在星期六早上从来不早起。
He’s never late for work. 他上班从来不迟到。
(2)never常用于现在完成时,表示“从未,尚未,一次也没有”。如:
The boy has never been to the Great Wall. 那个男孩从未去过长城。
(3)never可置于句首,构成祈使句。如:
Never give up ! 永不放弃!
►2. hear of意为“听说,听到”,后跟名词或代词,指听到别人说起某人或某事。如:
I have never heard of that village. 我从未听说过那座村庄。
【例题】—— How often do you go skating?
——________. I can’t skate at all.
A. Always B. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Never
【解析】 D 选项always意为“总是”;sometimes意为“有时”;seldom意为“很少”;never意为“从不”。由“I can’t skate at all.”可知,此处应表示否定含义。故选D。
(二)重点难点梳理:
1.He invented my favourite food. 他发明了我最喜爱的食物。(P20)
句中invent为及物动词,意为“发明,创造”。如:
Edison invented the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
【拓展】(1)invent意为“发明”,指发明以前没有或不存在的事物。如:
He has invented a new way of making silk. 他发明了一种生产丝绸的新方法。
(2)discover意为“发现”,指发现已经存在但不为人所知的事物,有时也指认识到某种情况。如:
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
【例句】 Paper making is a great ________ of ancient China.
A. inventor B. invent C. invention D. discover
【解析】 C 句意:造纸术是古代中国的一项伟大发明。选项inventor是名词,意为“发明者”;invent是动词,意为“发明”;invention是名词,意为“发明”,discover是动词,意为“发现”。故选C。
2. South African, a fighter for the rights of black Africans all his life 南非人,一位终生为非洲黑人权利而奋斗的战士(P21)
►1.句中South African用作名词,意为“南非人”,South African还可作形容词,意为“南非的”, South Africa意为“南非”。如:
Three South Africans visited our school yesterday. 昨天三个南非人参观了我们的学校。
【拓展】一些表示国家或地区的名词,可添加后缀-(a)n,构成形容词 / 名词,意为“……的 / 人”。如:
Africa 非洲 —— African 非洲的,非洲人 Italy 意大利 —— Italian 意大利的,意大利人
Europe 欧洲——European 欧洲的,欧洲人 Russia俄罗斯——Russian俄罗斯的,俄罗斯人
►2.句中fighter作可数名词,意为“战士”,动词fight加后缀er构成。如:
Doctor Bethune is a great international fighter. 白求恩大夫是个伟大的国际战士。
【拓展】(1)fight不及物动词,意为“与……作斗争”,常与介词against或with连用。如:
They fought against the enemy fiercely. 他们猛烈地还击敌人。
(2)fight作及物动词,意为“战斗,反对”,可直接跟宾语。如:
They fought their enemies bravely. 他们勇敢杀敌。
►3.句中right作可数名词,亦可作不可数名词,意为“权利”。如:
The right to work is a basic right of the citizens. 劳动权是公民的一项基本权利。
【拓展】right的其他用法:
(1)right作副词。
①意为“在右边,向右”。 如:Turn right at the crossroads. 在十字路口向右拐。
②意为“正确地,恰当的”。如:judge right 判断公正
③意为“直接地”。如:Walk right on. 径直走。
(2)right作形容词。
①意为“右面的”,反义词为left。如:Please use the right hand. 请用右手。
②意为“对的”,反义词为wrong。如:Your answer is right. 你的答案是对的。
(3)right作名词,意为“右边”。如:Kate sat on the right. 凯特坐在右边。
【例句】 Congratulations! Your answer to the question is correct.
A. wrong B. right C. bad D. terrible
【解析】 B 句意:祝贺你!你对这个问题的答案是正确的。选项wrong意为“错误的”;right意为“正确的”;bad意为“差的,坏的”;terrible意为“可怕的”;根据句意,句中划线部分“right”意为“正确的”。故选B。
(三)易错考点梳理:
on time与in time
考 点
用 法
例 句
on time
意为“准时,按时”,表示做某事刚好与约定时间一致,不早也不晚。反义词是late(迟到)。
You must always return your library book on time.
你必须总是按时归还从图书馆借的书。
in time
意为“及时”, 表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生。
Can you get there in time?
你能及时赶到那儿吗?
【例题】We want to start the meeting _______, so please don’t be late.
A. in time B. in a time C. on time D. at a time
【解析】 C 根据句意,“我们想准时开始会议,因此请不要迟到”可知,on time的反义词是late。故选C。
Period 2 Reading
(一)教材要点梳理:
要点一Armstrong joined the navy in 1949 and served as a pilot for three years. 阿姆斯特朗在1949年加入海军并作为一名飞行员服役三年。(P22)
►1.句中join作及物动词,意为“加入,参加”。如:
Her mother joined the music club last month. 她妈妈上个月加入了音乐俱乐部。
【拓展】(1)join意为“参加,加入”,指加入党派、团体、人群等,并成为其中一员。如:
I joined the Party at the age of 18. 我18岁入了党
(2)“join sb. in (doing) sth.”意为“和某人一起做事”,“ join in + 某活动”,意为“参加某活动”。如:
Please join in the game. 请一起来玩这个游戏吧。
(3)take part in意为“参加”,侧重参加群众性、集体性活动并在其中起积极作用。如:
Students took an active part in the sports meeting. 学生们积极参加运动会。
►2.navy作名词,意为“海军”;其形容词为naval,意为“海军的”。如:
He joined the navy 10 years ago. He is a retired naval officer. 他10年前参加海军的。他现在是一位退役的海军军官。
►3. serve作不及物动词,意为“服役,充当,作……之用”。如:
The young man has served in the army for three years. 那个年轻人已在部队服役三年了。
【拓展】serve作及物动词,意为“接待,招待”,后接名词、代词作宾语。如:
We should serve customers heart and soul. 我们应该全心全意为顾客服务。
【例题】He ________ an English club last year and has improved his English a lot.
A. protected B. produced C. joined D. received
【解析】 C 选项protect意为“保护”;produce意为“生产”;join意为“加入(组织)”receive意为“接受”。句意:他去年加入了英语俱乐部,而且他的英语水平提高了很多。join符合题意。故选C。
要点二He and David Scott managed to join two spacecraft together for the first time in space. 他和戴维·斯科特成功地将两个航天器在太空首次交会对接。(P22)
►1. manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”,指经过努力达到了目的,强调结果。如:
Lily managed to get the driving licence last week. 莉莉上周成功拿到了驾照。
【拓展】(1)try to do sth.意为“设法做某事,试图做某事”;强调要做某事,但不一定成功。如:
Try not to be late again. 尽量别再迟到了。
(2)try one’s best to do sth.意为“竭尽全力做某事”。如:
We must try our best to finish the work. 我们必须竭尽全力完成这项工作。
►2. 句中for the first time意为“首次,初次”;表时间的介词短语。如:
They saw snow for the first time this year. 今年他们第一次看到雪。
►3. 句中in space意为“在太空中”;space为不可数名词,其前面不加冠词。如:
The astronaut will spend six days in space. 那个宇航员将在太空度过六天。
【拓展】in the space意为“在某一场所或在某一时间内”。如:
We can put nothing in the space between two desks. 在两张课桌之间我们什么也放不进去。
【例题】—— How did you ________ to learn so much about this subject?
—— By spending more time in the library.
A.remember B. manage C. refuse D. fail
【解析】 B 句意:“—— 你是如何设法学到这门学科的如此多的知识?—— 通过在图书馆中花费更多的时间。”选项remember意为“记得”;manage意为“设法,经营”;refuse意为“拒绝”;fail意为“失败”;依题意manage意为“设法,经营”符合题意。故选B。
要点三a piece of paper that shows you are allowed to do something 一张证明你被允许做某事的纸(P24)
►句中 be allowed to do sth.意为“被允许做某事”,其主动形式是allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。如:
I was allowed to go there yesterday. 昨天我被允许去那儿的。
The villagers didn’t allow them to do this. 村民们不允许他们这样做。
【注意】allow后面可直接接动名词作宾语,即allow doing sth.,不可直接接动词不定式作宾语。如:
You must allow going there at once. 你必须允许立即去那里。(√)
You must allow to go there at once. 你必须允许立即去那里。(×)
【例题】The little girl was crying because her mother didn’t allow her ________ the ice - cream.
A. eat B. eats C. to eat D. ate
【解析】 C allow后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语,即allow sb. to do sth.,意为“允许某人做某事”。故选C。
(二)重点难点梳理:
1. However, on their way back to the Earth, the spacecraft begin spinning out of control. 但是,在他们返回地球的途中,宇宙飞船开始旋转,失去控制。(P22)
►1.句中on one’s way back to…意为“在某人返回……的途中”,on one’s way to…意为“在某人去……的路上”,此结构中,to为介词,其后接副词时,介词to应省略。如:
On my way back home, I met my good friend, Tom. 在我回家的路上,我遇到了我的好朋友,汤姆。
►2.out of control意为“失去控制”,out of意为“在……范围之外”。如:
The plane got out of control and crashed into the sea. 飞机失控,坠入大海。
The girl has been out of danger. 那个女孩已经脱离了危险。
【拓展】out of用法归类:
(1)“从……里出来”。如:
We should remove the books out of the classroom. 我们应该把书从教室里面搬出来。
(2)“在……外,离开”。如:
Fish can’t live out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。
(3)“由于,出于什么原因”。如:
They helped us out of kindness. 他们出于好心帮助了我们。
(4)“缺乏,没有”。如:
He is out of breath. 他上气不接下气。
【例句】 I met an old friend of mine _______ home.
A.on my way B.on my way back to C. on my way to D. on one’s way to
【解析】 A 句意:我在回家的路上遇到了我的一个老朋友。空格后接home为副词,所以需省略to。故选A。
2.He said the famous words“one small step for ( a ) man, one giant leap for mankind”as he stepped out onto the Moon’s surface. 当他踏上月球表面时,他说了句名言:“对于个人是一小步,对于人类是一个巨大的飞跃”。(P23)
►1.句中step作可数名词,意为“步,脚步,步骤”。如:
The next step is to put the theory into practice. 下一步是要将理论付诸实践。
【拓展】(1)step作名词,意为“台阶”。如:
Mind the steps outside the door. 小心门口的台阶。
(2)step作动词,意为“迈步,踩,踏,行走”。如:
The young man calmly stepped onto the platform. 他从容地走上了讲台。
►2.句中giant作形容词,意为“巨大的,伟大的”。如:
Shakespeare is a giant writer. 莎士比亚是位大文豪。
►3句中leap作名词,意为“跳跃,跃升”,还可作“激增”,表数量的增加,后常跟介词in。如:
There has been a great leap in the number of births in these past five years. 这五年来,出生人数有很大的增长。
【拓展】leap作动词,其过去式、过去分词为leapt,leapt或leaped,leaped。相关用法为:
(1)意为“跳跃”。如:
We leaped for joy at the good news. 我听到这个好消息高兴得跳了起来。
(2)意为“猛冲,突然做(某事)”。如:
Mr. Kang’s name leapt out at me from the newspaper. 报纸上康老师的名字一下子跃入我的眼帘。
(3)意为“骤增,剧增,猛涨”。如:
Profits leapt to ¥500 million. 利润骤增到五亿人民币。
►4句中step onto意为“步入,踏上”。如:
Mrs. Wang often steps out onto the street wearing her pajamas. 王夫人经常穿着睡衣就上街了。
【例句】Being honest is the first _______ if you want to make friends with others.
A.step B.time C.job D.hand
【解析】 A 句意:如果你想和其他人交朋友,诚实是第一步。选项step意为“步骤”;time意为“时间,次数”;job意为“工作”;hand意为“手”。故选A。
3.He was the pride of the whole world. 他是全世界的骄傲。(P23)
►句中the pride of 意为“……的骄傲”,pride作名词,意为“自豪,骄傲”。如:
Liu Xiang is the pride of all Chinese people. 刘翔是全中国人民的骄傲。
【拓展】be proud of意为“以……为自豪”,proud作形容词,意为“骄傲的,自豪的”,也可以用take pride in来替换该短语。如:
We are very proud of Yang Liwei and he is the pride of China. 我们以杨利伟为荣,他是中国的骄傲。
【例句】—— Chinese astronauts can also walk in space now.
—— Yes, they’re ________ our nation.
A.proud of B.pleased with C.the pride of D. known of
【解析】 C 考查形容词词组的用法。根据句意:“现在中国的宇航员也能在太空行走了。是的,他们是我们民族的骄傲。”C选项符合题意。故选C。
(三)易错考点梳理:
1.interested / interesting 与 interest
考 点
用 法
例 句
interested
意为“感兴趣的”,形容词,常作表语,主语是人。常构成短语“be / become interested in(doing)sth.”意为“对(做)某事感兴趣”。
He is interested in playing football.
他对踢足球感兴趣。
interesting
意为“有趣的”,形容词,作表语或定语,主语是物。
That is an interesting film.
那是一部有趣的电影。
interest
意为“兴趣”,可作主语、宾语等,常构成短语“take / have an interest in”,意为“对……感兴趣”。
His main interests are reading and writing.
他主要的兴趣是读书和写作。
【例题】I’m interested _______sports. I often play soccer and I am ________ a soccer team.
A.in; in B. in; on C. at; in D. at; on
【解析】 B 考查介词的用法。句意:我对运动感兴趣。我经常踢足球,而且我还参加了足球队。be interested in意为“对(做)某事感兴趣”;on a …team意为“参加……队”。故选B。
2. the pride of与be proud of
考 点
用 法
例 句
the pride of
意为“……的骄傲”,其中pride是名词
Yu Genwei is the pride of Tianjin.
于根伟是天津的骄傲。
be proud of
意为“以……为自豪”,proud是形容词。(=take pride in)
They were very proud of their son.
他们以有这样的儿子而感到骄傲。
【例题】More and more people come to visit Fujiabian.It has become the _______ of Lishui.
A. pride B. effort C. praise D. courage
【解析】 A 句意:越来越多的人来傅家边旅游,傅家边已经成为了溧水的骄傲。选项pride意为“骄傲,自豪”;effort意为“努力”;praise意为“赞扬”;courage意为“勇气”;依题意,溧水应该以傅家边为骄傲。故选A。
3. person/ people与man
考 点
用 法
例 句
person
意为“人”, 泛指man,woman或child中的任何一个,其复数形式是persons,习惯用 people代替persons。 “一个人”译作a person。
There are only three persons in the room.
房间里只有三个人。
people
意为“人”, 集合名词,表复数概念。表示两个以上的人时,可用people。作“民族”解时,有单、复数之分。
There are more than 50 peoples in our country.
我国有50多个民族。
man
意为“人类”, 单数或复数均可,其前不用限定词。
All men are born equal.
人生而平等。
【例题】Could you please give some ________ to the ________ teachers?
A. advice; man B.advices; men C.suggestion; man D. suggestions; men
【解析】 D 句意:“请你给这些男教师一些建议好吗?”句中“男教师”为复数,用men teachers排除A、C;advice不可数,排除B;suggestion为可数名词须加s。故选D。
Period 3 Grammar
(一)教材要点梳理:
要点一I’m working on a history project this week. 这周我正在做一个历史课题。(P26)
►句中work on意为“致力于,从事”。如:
He has been working on a new novel for three years. 三年来,他一直在写一部新小说。
【拓展】短语work on其他用法:
(1)“继续工作;不断工作”。如:
We’ll work on in the office until ten o’clock this evening. 我们今晚在办公室将工作到十点。
(2)“对……发生影响,对……起作用”。如:
Don’t worry. This kind of medicine may work on him. 别担心。这种药对他可能有效。
【例题】Tom devoted as much time as he could ________ the plan.
A. working on B.to work on C. worked on D. to working on
【解析】 D 句意:汤姆把尽可能多的时间用在计划上。devote…to…意为“把……献给”固定用法,其中to是介词,后接动词的-ing形式。故选D。
要点二We were having a meeting from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. yesterday. 昨天上午从九点到十一点我们在开会。(P27)
►句中from…to…意为“从……到……”,可接地点名词或表示时间的词。如:
How far is it from your home to your school? 从你家到学校有多远?
【拓展】常用from…to…搭配的短语:
from house to house 挨家挨户 from beginning to end 从头到尾
from head to foot 从头到脚 from time to time 有时,偶尔
【例题】Lily lived in Beijing from 2008 ________ 2012.
A. on B. to C. at D. of
【解析】 B 考查介词短语的用法。句意:露西从2008年到2012年住在北京。on意为“在……上面”;to意为“到……”;at意为“在某地点或某时刻”;of意为“……的”,表所属关系。from…to…意为“从……到……”;为固定搭配,可接表时间的词。故选B。
(二)重点难点梳理:
1.I am leaving for Shanghai tonight. 今晚我将要去上海。(P26)
句中“leave for + 地点”意为“动身去某地”。如:
Tom will leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 汤姆明天将动身去上海。
【注意】leave是非延续性动词,不能在现在完成时的肯定句中和表示一段时间量的状语连用。
【拓展】(1)“leave + 地点 + for + 另一个地点”意为“离开某地前往另一个地方”。如:
He will leave Paris for London tonight. 今晚他将离开巴黎去伦敦。
(2)leave意为“遗留,遗赠”,后接双宾语,即leave sb. sth.(= leave sth. to sb.)意为“留给某人某物”。如:
Mrs. Green left her son 5 million dollars. = Mrs. Green left 5 million dollars to her son.
格林夫人遗留给他儿子500万美元。
(3)leave后接复合宾语,意为“使……处于……状态”。如:
Don’t leave the window open. 不要让那一扇窗户开着。
(4)leave意为“忘了带,丢下”,其后接地点状语。如:
I’m sorry. I left my homework at home. 对不起,我把家庭作业忘在家里了。
(5)leave作名词,意为“假期”。如:
I’m ill. I have to ask for leave. 我生病了。我不得不请假。
【例句】 It’s dangerous to ________ small children alone in the car.
A. play B. work C. leave D. learn
【解析】 C 句意:把小孩单独留在车里是危险的。选项play意为“玩”;work意为“工作”;leave意为“留下”;learn意为“学习”。依题意,leave sb. / sth. sp.“把某人 / 某物留在某地”。故选C。
2. Many modern inventions have made a great difference in our life. 许多现代发明在我们的生活中产生了很大的影响。(P28)
句中make a great difference意为“产生很大的影响”;make a difference to意为“对……产生影响”;difference前可加修饰词,如big,great,no等;to是介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词。如:
Our false step will make a great difference. [谚语] 失之毫厘谬以千里。
【例句】Education can make a big difference ____ the quality of a person’s life.
A. in B. on C. to D. for
【解析】 C 句意:教育对一个人的生活质量有很大影响。根据句意“make a difference to”意为“对……产生影响”,是固定结构。故选C。
(三)易错考点梳理:
just / just now与 right now
考 点
用 法
例 句
just
意为“刚刚、正好”, 是英语中使用频率很高的一个词:①作副词,多用于完成时态中,置于动词与助动词之间。②一般不用于否定句中,相当于exactly。
I’ve just bought a new house.
我刚买了栋新房子。
just now
意为“刚才”, 用于过去时,相当于a moment ago。
He came back just now.
他刚才回来了。
right now
意为“现在”,相当于now,at present和at the moment,通常和现在进行时、一般现在时连用,常用于句末。
I’ll return the book right away.
我马上还书。
【拓展】本单元关于时态标志性的词语还有:
(1)yet adv.意为“还,仍”,现在完成时的标志,用于否定句和疑问句;反义词为already,意为“已经”,用于陈述句。
(2)recently adv.意为“近来,最近”,现在完成时的标志,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。
【例题】She is not hungry because she has ______ had lunch.
A. ever B. never C. just D. still
【解析】 C 句意:她不饿,因为她刚刚吃过中饭。选项ever意为“曾经”;never意为“从来不”;just意为“刚刚”;still意为“仍旧”;由上一句not hungry可知,just符合题意。故选C。
(四) 单元语法梳理:
时态
时 态
用 法
例 句
一般现在时
表示现在的动作或存在的状态
He has a pet dog. 他养着一只宠物狗。
现在进行时
表示说话时正在进行的动作
She is reading. 她正在看书。
一般过去时
过去某个时间发生的动作或状态
He walked to school yesterday.
他昨天步行去学校的。
过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一时间正在进行的动作
We were having an English class at that time.
那时我们正在上英语课。
一般将来时
表示将来某个时间或将来反复发生的动作
She’ll go back to her hometown tomorrow.
明天她将回家乡。
现在完成时
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或者过去已经开始持续到现在的情况
We have lived here since my father worked here.
自从我爸爸在这儿工作,我们就住在这儿。
Period 4 Integrated skills and Study skills
(一)教材要点梳理:
要点一married to 嫁给(P29)
►句中marry既可作及物动词亦可作不及物动词,意为“娶,结婚,嫁”。其常见用法如下:
(1)marry sb.意为“嫁给某人,与某人结婚”(主语是男或女)。如:
Tom married Mary last year. 去年汤姆和玛丽结婚了。
(2)marry to sb.意为“嫁给某人”(主语为女性)。如:
Lily will marry to the man tomorrow. 明天莉莉将嫁给那个男人。
(3)marry sb. to sb. else意为“(父母把女儿)嫁给某人”或“(父母为儿子)娶媳妇”。如:
They married their daughter to a business man. 他们把女儿嫁给了一位商人。
(4)get married意为“结婚”,get married to sb.意为“与某人结婚”。如:
Have you got married? 你结婚了吗?
He wants to get married to a teacher. 他想和一名教师结婚。
【注意】以上marry的用法,都不能用于现在完成时的肯定句,和表示一段时间量的状语连用。
(5)be married to sb.意为“与某人结婚”,表状态,用于现在完成时的肯定句,可以和表示一段时间量的状语连用。如:
He has been married to Kate for five years. 他和凯特已经结婚五年了。
【例题】—— How long have Mr. and Mrs. Green ________?
—— For more than thirty years.
A. married B. had married C. marry D. been married
【解析】 D 句意:“—— 格林夫妇已经结婚多久了?—— 三十多年。”根据句意how long询问一段时间量,用于现在完成时的肯定句,谓语动词需为延续性动词或短语。故选D。
要点二“The kids want to know if I’m Harry Potter,”he says with a smile. “孩子们想知道我是不是哈利·波特,”他笑着说。(P31)
►句中with a smile意为“面带微笑,笑着”,由with构成的短语在句中通常作伴随状语。如:
She is a girl with long hair. 她是一个留着长发的女孩。
【拓展】(1)with作介词,意为“具有,带有”,其反义词是without。如:
China is a large country with a long history. 中国是一个幅员辽阔、历史悠久的国家。
(2)with常见的一些其他用法:
①with表示“和……一起,跟……一起”。如:
She’ll go to Shanghai with me tomorrow. 明天她将和我一起去上海。
②with表示“在……身边,在……身上”。如:
Do you have some money with you? 你身上带钱了吗?
③with表示“用(工具、手段等)”。
We see with our eyes and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听。
④with表示“关于……,对于……”。如:
What’s wrong with you? 你怎么了?
⑤“with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语 / 形容词 / 副词 / 动词不定式 / -ing”构成复合结构,在句中作状语或定语,表示行为方式或伴随情况。如:
The little boy fell asleep with the light on. 那个小男孩很快就开着灯睡着了。
【例题】—— What can I do for you?
—— I hope I have a nice house ________ a big garden.
A. of B. with C. from D. about
【解析】 B 句意:“—— 我能为你做点什么?—— 我希望我有一栋带大花园的漂流房子。”选项of意为“……的”;with意为“带有”;from意为“从”;about意为“大约,关于”;根据句意可知。故选B。
(二)重点难点梳理:
1.It was brave of him to go to a place that was unknown to humans at that time. 他能到一个当时人类未知的地方去是很勇敢的。 (P30)
►句中“It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.”意为“某人做某事是怎样的”。of前的形容词为描述人物品质及性格特征的词。该句型作表语形容词常见形式有:
(1)表示聪明或愚蠢的形容词,有clever,wise,foolish,stupid,silly等。如:
It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你真聪明,算出了这道数学题。
(2)表示正确或错误的形容词,有right,wrong,correct,incorrect等。如:
It’s wrong of her to go alone. 她一个人去真是错了。
(3)表示好坏等品性的形容词,有nice,kind,sweet,friendly,lovely,bad,naughty等。如:
It’s friendly of you to come and see me. 你能来看我,真够朋友。
(4)其他类,有brave,police,careless,selffish等。如:
It’s careless of him to lose so many things. 他丢了这么多东西,真是太粗心了。
【拓展】It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”。for之前的形容词为描述事物特征的词。常见的有:easy,difficult,boring,impossible,dangerous,interesting等。如:
It’s difficult for us to finish the maths problem. 对我们来说,完成这道数学题很困难。
【例句】It’s so brave ______ the soldier to save the boy’s life.
A.to B.of C.for D.in
【解析】 B 句意:那位战士救了那个男孩的命,真勇敢。句中形容词brave描述人物品质用介词of。故选B。
2. It’s said that it’s a lot of trouble being Harry Potter, esp.(especailly) when you’re a 78-yr(year)-old man and you happen to share the name of a world-famous boy with magic powers. 据说当哈利·波特非常麻烦,特别是,当你是一位78岁的老人,而碰巧与一个拥有魔法本领的闻名世界的男孩同名时。(P31)
►1.句中It’s said that…意为“据说……”。如:
It’s said that it will rain tomorrow. 据说明天会下雨。
【拓展】类似It’s said that…的句式有:
(1)It’s believed that…意为“据说……,据信……”。如:
It’s believed that our team will win the match. 我们相信我们队会赢得比赛的胜利。
(2)It’s known that…意为“众所周知……,人们认为……”。如:
It’s known that she is honest. 众所周知,她是个老实人。
(3)It’s reported that…意为“据报道……”。如:
It’s reported that many new houses are being built at present in the disaster area. 据报道,灾区如今正在建设许多新房子。
►2.句中78-yr-old意为“78岁大的”,yr是year的缩略词。
78-yr-old是复合形容词,在句中作定语。
【注意】此类形容词具有两个特点:
1.数词、名词、形容词之间要用连词符号连接;
2.数词后面的名词用单数形式;
3.通常只能作定语,不能作表语。
如:
Tom is an 8-year-old boy. (√)
Tom is 8-year-old. (×)
【拓展】另一种类似的复合形容词作定语的结构为:数词 + 连词符号“-” + 名词(单数)。如:
It’s a two-month holiday. 一个为期两个月的假期。
►3.句中happen to sb.意为“碰巧做某事”。
happen为不及物动词,意为“发生”,主语通常为物,不能用于被动语态。如:
The accident happened at the corner. 这起事故发生在拐角处。
【拓展】(1)happen to sb.意为“某人发生什么事”。如:
What happened to you? 你发生了什么事?
(2)It happens that + 从句,意为“碰巧……”,可与happen to do sth.进行同义句转换。如:
It happened that I had no money yesterday. = I happened to have no money yesterday.
碰巧昨天我没有钱了。
【例句】Kate is ________ girl. She’s very happy at school.
—— Well, it all ________ the weather.
A. a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-year-old
C. an eighteen-years-old D. a eighteen-years-old
【解析】 B 考查复合形容词的用法。在元音音素开头的词前用an,辅音音素开头的词前用a,eighteen以元音音素开头,用an。数词和名词之间用连词符号,名词用单数。故选B。
(三)易错考点梳理:
die/ dead与 death
考 点
用 法
例 句
die
意为“死,死亡”,不接物动词,指因为生病、年老、负伤等原因而死。非延续性动词,不能用于现在完成时的肯定句同表示一段时间量的状语连用。
He was born in 1847 and died in 1913.
他生于1847年,死于1913年。
dead
意为“死的,无生命的”,为形容词,表示状态,可以用于现在完成时同表示一段时间量的状语连用。
His grandfather has been dead for two years.
他爷爷去世两年了。
death
意为“死”,抽象名词,只能在句中作主语或宾语。
The murderer was sentenced to death.
杀人犯被宣判死刑。
【例题】His grandfather has been _______ for years.
A. die B. dying C. dies D. dead
【解析】 D 题意:他爷爷已经死了数年了。根据句意,后接for years,表延续性,用be dead。故选D。
Period 5 Task & Self-assessment
(一)教材要点梳理:
要点一happened to find a natural hybrid rice plant that had many advantages over others 碰巧发现了一株比其他水稻有许多优势的自然杂交水稻(P32)
►1.句中natural作形容词,意为“自然的,天然的”;名词为nature,意为“自然,自然界”;副词为naturally“自然地,天生地”。如:
It’s naturel for the little boy to love his mother. 那个小男孩爱母亲是人之常情。
►2.句中have the / an advantage over意为“与……相比有某种优势,优于”;over作介词,此处意为“与……相比,与……比较而言”,常与动词prefer,like,choose等连用。如:
Being thin gave him an advantage over the other boys. 他瘦,比其他男孩有利。
We must choose risk over refuge. 我们必须选择挑战而不是逃避。
【拓展】(1)over作介词,意为“(数目、程度等)高于,超过”,相当于more than。如:
He is over thirty years old. 他30多岁了。
(2)over作介词,意为“在……正上方,在……上面(未接触)”。如:
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
【例题】It’s very ________ to feel nervous when you go to a new school.
A. natural B. dangerous C. soft D. cool
【解析】 选项natural意为“自然的”;dangerous意为“危险的”;soft意为“软的”;cool意为“凉爽的”。根据常识,去新学校的时候通常会感到紧张;根据下文“when you go to a new school”可推知,上句句意“感到紧张是很自然的”。故选A。
要点二At present, over 100 countries in Asia, Africa and America have grown hybrid rice. 目前,在亚洲、非洲和美洲超过100个国家种植杂交水稻。(P33)
►1. 句中at present意为“现在,目前”,相当于副词now。如:
We need food and clean water at present. 现在我们需要食物和干净的水。
►2. 句中grow(grew,grown) 作及物动词,意为“种植”。如:
She grows flowers in the garden. 她在花园里种花。
【拓展】grow 还可作连系动词,意为“变得”,其后接形容词作表语。如:
My mother has grown old and we want to spend more time with her. 我妈妈已经老了,我们想多陪陪她。
【例题】Lots of students feel sleepy in class at present, because they have to get up early in the morning.
A. now B. in the future C. then D. during the time
【解析】 A at present意为“目前,现在”。now意为“现在”; in the future意为“将来”;then意为“然后”;during the time意为“在此期间”。依题意,可知。故选A。
(二)重点难点梳理:
1.saw people die of hunger, so began research into hybrid rice 看到人们死于饥饿,所以开始研究杂交水稻(P32)
句中die of意为“因……而死”,die为不及物动词,意为“死亡,生命结束”,过去式、过去分词为died,动词-ing形式为dying。名词形式为death,形容词形式为dead。如:
The monkey has died. 那只猴子已经死了。
The tiger is dying. 老虎快死了。
【拓展】(1)die是终止性动词,不能用于现在完成时的肯定句与表示时间量的一段状语连用。但,可用be dead替换。如:
The old man has died for two yeas. (×)
The old man has been dead for two yeas.(√)那位老人已经死了两年了。
(2)die用于进行时态,表示“快要死去”。如:
The young man is very ill. I’m afraid he’s dying. 那个年轻人病得很厉害,恐怕他快要死了。
(3)die的-ing形式作定语,意为“临死的”。如:
His dying word was kind. 他临死说的话是善的。
【例句】—— Do you know that Mr. Zhang passed ________ last week?
—— Yes. He died ________ illness.
A. away; of B. on; from C. by; with D. off; as
【解析】 A pass away意为“去世”,die of意为“死于”,强调内因,如年老、疾病等;而die from意为“死于”,强调外因,如受伤、灾害、事故等;根据第二空后illness可知,强调死于内因。故选A。
2. That is why I admire him so much. 这就是我如此钦佩他的原因。(P33)
句中that is why意为“这就是……的原因”,后接某事产生的结果。如:
That is why our English teacher wasn’t there. 这就是我们英语老师不在那里的原因。
【拓展】(1)That’s because…意为“那是因为……”,后接某事发生的原因。如:
She was late for the meeting. That’s because she met her old friend on the way. (原因)
她开会迟到了,是因为在路上遇到了她的一位老朋友。
比较: She met her old friend on the way. That’s because she was late for the meeting.(结果)
她在路上遇到了她的一位老朋友,因此她开会迟到了。
(2)that’s what…for意为“这就是……的目的”,强调目的。如:
That’s what group work is for. 这就是小组合作的目的。
【例句】 She was late for school yesterday. ________ her bike was broken.
A. That’s why B. That’s because C. That’s what D. That’s what for
【解析】 B 句意:昨天她上学迟到了。那是因为她的自行车坏了。选项That’s why意为“这就是……的原因”,后接某事产生的结果。That’s because意为“那是因为……”,后接某事发生的原因。That’s what“那是什么”,明显与句意不符。That’s what for意为“这就是……的目的”,强调目的;同时for应该在句末。根据句意“her bike was broken”可知,这是她上学迟到产生的原因。故选B。
(三)易错考点梳理:
die for / die from / die of/die away/die down/ die off与 die out
考 点
用 法
例 句
die for
意为“死,死亡” ,表为某一目的、事业等而死,以及渴望、极想。
To die for the people is a glorious death.
为人民而死,虽死犹荣。
die from
意为“死于”,表死于创伤、劳累、忧愁等,除疾病或情感以外的原因。
He died from a wound.
他死于创伤。
die of
意为“死于”,表死于疾病、情感、饥饿、年老等。
The old man died of cancer.
那老人患癌症死的。
die away
意为“消失,停息”,表声音、风等现象自然消失、停息了。
The sound of the car died away in the distance.
汽车的响声在远处消失了。
die down
意为“熄灭”, 指灯火等慢慢地熄灭,指骚动等渐渐地平息下来。
They waited till the storm died down.
他们一直等到风暴停息。
die off
意为“死掉”,指一个个相继死掉。
They had to watch their young children died off through lack of food.
他们不得不眼睁睁地看着孩子们因为没有东西吃而一个个地死掉。
die out
意为“死掉”,指人或动、植物等死光,绝种。
These animals have already died out.
这类动物已经绝种。
【例题】Many people have _______ Ebola virus (埃博拉病毒)in the past a few months.
A. died out B.died for C. died way D. died of
【解析】 D 题意:在过去的几个月里,许多人死于埃博拉病毒。选项die out意为“死掉”,指人或动、植物等死光,绝种。die for意为“死于”,表死于创伤、劳累、忧愁等,除疾病或情感以外的原因。die way意为“消失,停息”,表声音、风等现象自然消失、停息了。die of意为“死于”,表死于疾病、情感、饥饿、年老等。故选D。
(四)单元写作指导:
【话题分析】
单元话题围绕名人进行,通常是介绍自己崇拜的人。这是中考出现频率较高的话题,其特点是难度相对较小,学生都有话可写,但掌握一些基本句子和模仿范文对夺取高分非常必要。
写这类作文时要注意以下几点:
1.描写人物时,不能面面俱到,泛泛而写,要重点突出其鲜明特征,以表现与其他人物的不同之处。
2.叙述与人物有关的事情时,要分清主次,前后照应,选取典型事例来刻画人物。
3.描写人物时,一般在结尾处要对人物进行评价,抒发自己对人物的情感。
总之,根据提示,合理安排文章结构和选材非常重要。
【词汇、短语、句型积累】
A.词汇
teacher doctor nurse dentist cook artist scientist soldier manager businessman journalist pretty good-looking short tall lovely adorable naughty smart wise diligent lazy humorous attractive funny outgoing serious quiet warm-hearted patient strong-minded hard-working
B.短语
a twenty-year-old man, as a boy of 15, at the age of 10, during his childhood, middle-aged , in his forties, enjoy doing, like to do / doing, be fond of, be crazy about, be interested in , prefer to do/doing, be popular with , be respected by, be honored as, be considered ad, be famous for, be regarded as, set a good example…
C.句型
His name is Jack.
He was born in London in 1982/
He is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 52 kilos.
He is 20 years old.
He comes from England.
He is a good ping-pong player.
He is medium build(中等身材).
He has short hair.
He is outgoing(外向的).
He loves watching football games after work.
At the age of six, he began to play table tennis.
【典例】
“传递爱心,服务他人”是文明社会所倡导的理念.狮子会(the Lions)就是一个以此为宗旨的国际性服务团体.杨敏是狮子会的一名成员,多年来她一直乐于助人.请根据提示用英语写一篇短文,向校刊的English World栏目投稿,简要介绍杨敏的事迹,然后谈谈你的观点和打算.
Ready to help others
Yang Min
Help others for years
Go to the old people’s home twice a month (cut hair,wash clothes,do some cleaning )
Offer people umbrellas or raincoats on rainy days
Your opinion…
Your plan…
要求:
1.短文内容必须包含表格所提供的要点,可适当发挥;
2.文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名及地名;
3.词数:80﹣100(短文开头已给出,仅供选择使用,不计入总词数).
短文开头:From time to time,we are moved by the people and things around us.YangMin is one of the persons I admire most. __________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【写作思路】
这是一篇图表作文,内容是简要介绍杨敏的事迹,然后谈谈你的观点和打算。时态主要为一般现在时,人称主要为第一、三人称。
我们需要首先审清主题,围绕主题展开作文。可从以下几个方面展开作文,即本文的写作要点:
1.简要介绍杨敏的事迹:帮助他人很多年,一个月去养老院一次,雨天免费提供雨伞或雨衣等。
2.你的观点和打算。
【范文】
From time to time, we are moved by the people and things around us. Yang Min is one of the persons I admire most.
As a member of the Lions, she has been helping others for many years. She goes to the old people's home twice a month to cut hair, wash clothes and do some cleaning for them.Besides, on rainy days she offers people umbrellas or raincoats for free.
I'm deeply moved by her story. I'm going to start with small things around me. I plan to give books and clothes to children in poor villages. What's more, I'll ask my parents and more friends to join me.
Small action can make a big difference. Let's help those who need help!(111词)
3、 学霸解题支招
【解题支招】运用“细节理解法”,从文中获取信息做阅读理解题
细节理解题是中考英语阅读理解题中最常见的题型之一,几乎每篇阅读文章中都会设有一道或一道以上的细节理解题。
常见的细节理解题有:直接理解题、语意转化题、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图标图画题等。
常见的解题方法为:直接带着问题去阅读文章,扫描和搜寻信息点,略过与题目不相干的句、段,相关信息语言区域仔细阅读,通过提供的选项信息对照原文“对号入座”,找到解题范围后,立即排除明显干扰项,对余下的选项进行筛选,逐个突破,,最后得出正确答案。
【例题】
Basketball stars become hip-hop singers. It's true. In NBA, hip-hop music is very popular. Many of the players, like Shaquille O'Neal of the Los Angeles Lakers, write rap (说唱) words when they ravel on planes from one city to another. Some of them even have rap radio shows and others perform (表演) in music video.
When some of the younger stars play basketball, they even try to look like hip-hop singers.
"Hip-hop is just part of their culture," says one player. "All of us grew up listening to rap and playing basketball, and rappers grew up doing the same thing."
Master P. is a famous rap star who wants to become a basketball player. Two NBA teams have invited him to join them. They enjoy listening to his music. An NBA player has become a rapper. He has made four successful rap albums (专集).
NBA has a closer connection to hip-hop than any other sports league.
1. Many basketball players in NBA like ________.
A. hip-hop music B. country music C. American singers D. dancing
2. Many NBA players ________ mp words when they travel on planes from one city to another.
A. learn B. write C. sing D. dance
3. ________ is just part of the NBA players' culture.
A. Music B. Rapper C. Hip-hop D. Basketball
4. The NBA tennis invited Master P. to john them just because ________.
A. they like listening to his music B. his dancing was popular
C. they like his face and hair D. his hip-hop was popular
5. Which of the following is NOT right?
A. Many NBA players have become hip-hop rappers.
B. A tapper wants to become a NBA basketball player.
C. Players in NBA don't like hip-hop music at all.
D. NBA basketball teams have closer connection to hip-hop music.
【解析】
1. A 由第一段“In NBA, hip-hop music is very popular.”可知,许多NBA篮球明星喜欢嘻哈音乐,题目信息对原文进行了改写。故选A。
2. B 由文中“Many of the players, like Shaquille O'Neal of the Los Angeles Lakers, write rap (说唱) words when they ravel on planes from one city to another.”可知,许多NBA篮球明星在乘飞机从一个城市飞往另一个城市的过程中创作说唱歌词。题目信息与原文基本相同。故选B。
[Key: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C ]
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