Unit 2 Colours 单元核心知识（背诵默写任务单）英语牛津译林版九年级上册

Unit2 Colours 单元核心知识（背诵版） 一、核心词汇（带*部分为重点词汇） 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 indigo n.靛蓝，靛青 *violet n.紫罗兰色 rainbow n.彩虹 *mood n.心情，情绪 influence vt. 影响 whether conj.是否 *characteristic n.特征；品质 *calm adj. 平静的，沉着的 *relaxed adj.放松的；白在的 peace n.安宁；和平；和睦 sadness n. 悲哀，忧伤 *purity n.纯洁 *wedding n.婚礼，结婚庆典 *prefer vt.宁愿选择，更喜欢 create vi.造成，引起；创造，创建 feeling n.感觉，感受 cheer up 使振作起来 * remind vt. 提醒；使想起 *wisdom n.智慧 as conj. 因为 *envy n.妒忌；羡慕 *green with envy妒忌的，眼红的 require vt.需要，要求 *strength n.力量 heat n. 热 difficulty n. 困难；费力 have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事费劲 decision n. 决定 relationship n.关系 certainly adv. 当然；必定地，无疑地 everyday adj.每天的；口常的 personal adj.个人的；私人的 *suit vt. 适合 *celebration n.庆祝；庆祝活动 ancient adj. 占代的，占老的 therapy n.疗法；治疗 discover vt. 发现，发觉 *teens n.[复]十几岁(13至19岁之间) promise vt.& vi.承诺，允诺 or conj.否则 work vi.奏效，产生预期的效果 practise vt.从事，执业 stressed adj.紧张的，有压力的 suggest vt.建议 would rather (='d rather)宁愿，更喜欢 trust n.信任 calm n.平静，镇静 warmth n. 温暖，暖和；热情 handbag n.女用皮包，手提包 match n. 相配；般配 •balance vt.使…平衡 2、 核心短语 1. try on试穿 2. look good on sb.穿在某人身上好看 3. in the sky在天空中 4. look out of the window看窗外 5. influence our moods影响我们的心情 6. influence... greatly大大影响…… 7. be influenced by....被….影响 8. have an influence on/ have an effect on. = affect .. 影响... 9. be in a bad mood情绪低落 10. feel sad/blue/感觉悲伤 11. feel sleepy / fall asleep觉得困/ 入睡 12. represent sadness/joy/power表悲伤/欢乐/力量 13. the colour of purity/wisdom/nature/envy/heat纯洁/智慧/自然/妒忌/热量的颜色 14. be painted blue /paint sth. blue被粉刷成蓝色/把...刷成蓝色 15. bring peace to our mind and body给我们的身心带来安宁 16. on their wedding day在他们结婚那天 at a wedding在婚礼上 17. people in cold areas在寒冷地区的人们 18. prefer warm colours更喜欢暖色 19. create a warm and comfortable feeling营造一种温暖舒适的感觉 20. cheer sb.up使..振作起来 21. .remind you of a sunny day .让你想起晴天 remind sb. of sth. /remind sb to do使..想起./提醒某人做某事. 22. hope for success渴望成功 23. prefer this colour更 喜欢这颜色 prefer sth to sth与...比较更喜欢... prefer doing to doing与做.比较更喜欢做.. prefer to do更喜欢做 prefer to do A rather than do B喜欢做A而不喜欢做B prefer coffee with milk喜欢加牛奶的咖啡 24.wear energetic colours like green穿像绿色一样有活力的颜色 25. be green with envy妒忌的/眼红的 26 in either body or mind在身心方面 27 have(some/great) difficulty (in) dong sth.做某事（有些/很）费劲 28. do sth without any difficulty毫不费力的做某事 29. make a decision/decisions做决定 30. help him calm down帮助他平静下来 31. get into trouble陷入麻烦中 32. fight with each other彼此打架 33. bring her good luck给她带来好运 34.a relationship between colours and moods颜色和心情的关系 35. influence our everyday lives影响我们的日常生活 36. in many ways在许多方面 37. light/dark colours浅深色 38. make rooms seem larger使房间显得更大 39. depend on personal taste取决于个人的品味 40. stay at home instead of going shopping呆在家里而不购物去 41. notice the colours around you注意到你身边的颜色 42. write back soon尽快回信 43. the colour of the rulers统治者的颜色 44. in ancient China在中国古代 45. wear white uniforms穿白色制服 46.the power of colours颜色的力量 47.improve your life改善你的生活质量 48.get/come back //get sth. back回来//取回某物 49.practise colour therapy从事颜色理疗（行业） 50. leave college大学毕业 51. come from ancient India来自古印度 52. feel confident enough感到足够自信 53. suggest different clothes to different people 给不同人建议不同的衣服 54. .think of the sun想到太阳 55. .go to a friend's birthday party去参加一个朋友的生日聚会 56. would rather wear orange =prefer to wear orange 宁愿穿橙色 57. be believed to do被相信能做.. 58. according to ..根据.. 59. drive ...away把...驱走 60.a pair of white shoes一双白鞋子 61.carry a white handbag挎着一个白包 62.make herself look more powerful使她自己看上去更有力量 63.feel a little bit stressed感到有点压力 64.balance the calm white平衡平静的白色 65.a good match很好的搭配 3、 重点句型 1. There is nothing wrong with pink.= Nothing is wrong with pink.粉色是没有问题的 2. How many colours are there in a rainbow?彩虹有几种颜色? 3. Do you know how many colours there are in a rainbow?你知道彩虹有几种颜色? 4.I'm not sure if you look good in blue.我不确定你穿蓝色是否好看。 5 You may wonder whether it's true.你也许想知道这是否正确 6.Yellow is the colour of wisdom, so it can remind you of a warm sunny day. 黄色是太阳的样色，因此它能使你想起温暖，阳光明媚的一天。 7.Green can give you energy, as it is the colour of nature and represents new life. 绿色能给你能量，因为它是自然的颜色并且代表着新生。 8. If you require strength in either body or mind, red may be of some help to you. 如果你需要身心方面的力量，红色可能会对你有些帮助。 9.Wearing red can also make it easier to take action.穿红色也更容易采取行动。 10. Red may help when you are having difficulty making a decision. 当你犹豫不决的时候，红色可以有助于你做决定。 11. Does the green T-shirt match my trousers?这件绿色T恤与我的裤子配吗? 12.Blue is suitable for bedroom.蓝色适合卧室。 13.Some people believe that colours can influence our moods.一些人相信颜色能影响我们心情。 14. You may wonder if/whether colours influence our moods. 你可能想知道颜色是否影响我们的心情。 15, Daniel often wonders whether he should stay at home instead of going shopping with his classmates. 丹尼尔经常思考他是否应该呆在家里而不是和同学一起购物。 16. Was yellow once the colour of rulers in ancient China? 在古代中国黄色曾经是统治者的颜色吗? 17. People dressed baby boys in blue in the hope that boys would be protected. 人们给男孩穿蓝色，希望男孩会得到保护。 18. Women's main job was to look for food for their family. 妇女们的工作是替家人寻找食物 19. The colour blue was once believed to have the power to drive evils spirits away. 蓝色曾经被认为有赶走邪恶的能力。 20. People dressed boys in blue in the hope that boys would be protected. 人们给男孩穿成蓝色是希望男孩们能被保护 21.Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast. 黄油面包是我最喜爱的早餐。 22.We promise that this therapy can help you change your moods, or you'll get your money back.. 我们保证这种疗法能帮助你改变情绪，否则全额退款。 23.If it doesn't work, you can get your money back. 如果不见效的话，你可以要回你的钱 24.If you feel stressed, eat more green vegetables. 如果你感到压力的话，多吃点绿色蔬菜 四、核心语法 1.定义：在复合句中作宾语的从句是宾语从句。 I think everybody likes cookies. 2.结构：主句+引导词+从句(陈述句语序：主+谓+其他) that引导的宾语从句 that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。 一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法 1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。 ①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　 She says that she will help me learn English this evening.她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。 ②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如： He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。 ③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如： I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。 2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较： He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 【特别提醒】 当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如： The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。 3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况： 引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略： She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。 I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。 I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。 He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。 He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。 I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。 【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略： That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。 4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况： that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。 ①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略； We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。 ②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如： He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。 ③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。 6. 宾语从句的否定转移。 在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如： ①我认为今晚他不能来。 【误】I think he can’t come this evening. 【正】I don’t think he can come this evening. ②他认为我们现在不在教室里。 【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now. 【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now. 【特别警示】 含有＂否定转移＂现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如： I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？ He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来，是不是？ 7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如： We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he? 我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈，是吗？ 8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如： It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。 if/whether引导的宾语从句 当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。 I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。 Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。 Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。 He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。 【拓展】 一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。 1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。 I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. Let me know whether you can come or not. I don’t know whether he will win or not.  I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not. 2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。 He doesn’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。 Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。 Whether to go or stay is still a question. I’m not sure whether to stay or leave. I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. 3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。 It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。 Success depends on whether we make enough effort. I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home. It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。 Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. 5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。 We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should go there by plane.（虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. （虚拟语气） 6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。 He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work. 注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。 宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际 情况而定。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow. I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the US soon. 3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. He told me that the earth is round. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。 He is an honest boy. The teacher said. → The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy. 2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。 Does he work hard? I wonder. → I wonder if/whether he works hard. $$Unit2 Colours 单元核心知识（背诵版） 一、核心词汇（带*部分为重点词汇） 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 __________________ n.靛蓝，靛青 *__________________ n.紫罗兰色 __________________ n.彩虹 *_________________ n.心情，情绪 __________________ vt. 影响 __________________ conj.是否 *__________________ n.特征；品质 *__________________adj. 平静的，沉着的 *__________________ adj.放松的；白在的 __________________n.安宁；和平；和睦 __________________n. 悲哀，忧伤 *__________________ n.纯洁 *__________________n.婚礼，结婚庆典 *__________________ vt.宁愿选择，更喜欢 __________________ vi.造成，引起；创造，创建 __________________ n.感觉，感受 __________________ 使振作起来 * _________________ vt. 提醒；使想起 *__________________ n.智慧 __________________ conj. 因为 *__________________ n.妒忌；羡慕 *__________________妒忌的，眼红的 __________________ vt.需要，要求 *__________________ n.力量 __________________ n. 热 __________________ n. 困难；费力 __________________做某事费劲 __________________ n. 决定 __________________ n.关系 __________________ adv. 当然；必定地，无疑地 __________________ adj.每天的；口常的 __________________ adj.个人的；私人的 *__________________ vt. 适合 *__________________ n.庆祝；庆祝活动 __________________ adj. 占代的，占老的 __________________ n.疗法；治疗 __________________ vt. 发现，发觉 *________________ n.[复]十几岁(13至19岁之间) __________________ vt.& vi.承诺，允诺 __________________ conj.否则 __________________ vi.奏效，产生预期的效果 __________________ vt.从事，执业 __________________ adj.紧张的，有压力的 __________________ vt.建议 __________________ (='d rather)宁愿，更喜欢 __________________ n.信任 __________________ n.平静，镇静 __________________ n. 温暖，暖和；热情 __________________ n.女用皮包，手提包 __________________ n. 相配；般配 •__________________ vt.使…平衡 2、 核心短语 1. __________________试穿 2. __________________穿在某人身上好看 3. in the sky在天空中 4. __________________看窗外 5. __________________影响我们的心情 6. influence... greatly大大影响…… 7. __________________被….影响 8. have an influence on/ have an effect on. = affect .. 影响... 9. __________________情绪低落 10. feel sad/blue/感觉悲伤 11. __________________觉得困/ 入睡 12. represent sadness/joy/power表悲伤/欢乐/力量 13. the colour of purity/wisdom/nature/envy/heat纯洁/智慧/自然/妒忌/热量的颜色 14. be painted blue /paint sth. blue被粉刷成蓝色/把...刷成蓝色 15. bring peace to our mind and body给我们的身心带来安宁 16. __________________在他们结婚那天 at a wedding在婚礼上 17. people in cold areas在寒冷地区的人们 18. prefer warm colours更喜欢暖色 19. create a warm and comfortable feeling营造一种温暖舒适的感觉 20. __________________使..振作起来 21. .remind you of a sunny day .让你想起晴天 remind sb. of sth. /remind sb to do使..想起./提醒某人做某事. 22. __________________渴望成功 23. prefer this colour更 喜欢这颜色 prefer sth to sth与...比较更喜欢... prefer doing to doing与做.比较更喜欢做.. prefer to do更喜欢做 prefer to do A rather than do B喜欢做A而不喜欢做B prefer coffee with milk喜欢加牛奶的咖啡 24.wear energetic colours like green穿像绿色一样有活力的颜色 25. be green with envy妒忌的/眼红的 26 in either body or mind在身心方面 27. __________________做某事（有些/很）费劲 28. do sth without any difficulty毫不费力的做某事 29. __________________做决定 30. help him calm down帮助他平静下来 31. __________________陷入麻烦中 32. __________________彼此打架 33. __________________给她带来好运 34.a relationship between colours and moods颜色和心情的关系 35. influence our everyday lives影响我们的日常生活 36. __________________在许多方面 37. light/dark colours浅深色 38. make rooms seem larger使房间显得更大 39. __________________取决于个人的品味 40. stay at home instead of going shopping呆在家里而不购物去 41. notice the colours around you注意到你身边的颜色 42. __________________尽快回信 43. the colour of the rulers统治者的颜色 44. __________________在中国古代 45. wear white uniforms穿白色制服 46.__________________颜色的力量 47.__________________改善你的生活质量 48.get/come back //get sth. back回来//取回某物 49.practise colour therapy从事颜色理疗（行业） 50. __________________大学毕业 51. come from ancient India来自古印度 52. __________________感到足够自信 53. suggest different clothes to different people 给不同人建议不同的衣服 54. .think of the sun想到太阳 55. .go to a friend's birthday party去参加一个朋友的生日聚会 56. would rather wear orange =prefer to wear orange 宁愿穿橙色 57. __________________被相信能做.. 58. __________________根据.. 59. __________________把...驱走 60.a pair of white shoes一双白鞋子 61.__________________挎着一个白包 62.make herself look more powerful使她自己看上去更有力量 63.feel a little bit stressed感到有点压力 64.__________________平衡平静的白色 65.__________________很好的搭配 3、 重点句型 1. There is nothing wrong with pink.= Nothing is wrong with pink.粉色是没有问题的 2. How many colours are there in a rainbow?彩虹有几种颜色? 3. Do you know how many colours there are in a rainbow?你知道彩虹有几种颜色? 4.I'm not sure if you look good in blue.我不确定你穿蓝色是否好看。 5 You may wonder whether it's true.你也许想知道这是否正确 6.Yellow is the colour of wisdom, so it can remind you of a warm sunny day. 黄色是太阳的样色，因此它能使你想起温暖，阳光明媚的一天。 7.Green can give you energy, as it is the colour of nature and represents new life. 绿色能给你能量，因为它是自然的颜色并且代表着新生。 8. If you require strength in either body or mind, red may be of some help to you. 如果你需要身心方面的力量，红色可能会对你有些帮助。 9.Wearing red can also make it easier to take action.穿红色也更容易采取行动。 10. Red may help when you are having difficulty making a decision. 当你犹豫不决的时候，红色可以有助于你做决定。 11. Does the green T-shirt match my trousers?这件绿色T恤与我的裤子配吗? 12.Blue is suitable for bedroom.蓝色适合卧室。 13.Some people believe that colours can influence our moods.一些人相信颜色能影响我们心情。 14. You may wonder if/whether colours influence our moods. 你可能想知道颜色是否影响我们的心情。 15, Daniel often wonders whether he should stay at home instead of going shopping with his classmates. 丹尼尔经常思考他是否应该呆在家里而不是和同学一起购物。 16. Was yellow once the colour of rulers in ancient China? 在古代中国黄色曾经是统治者的颜色吗? 17. People dressed baby boys in blue in the hope that boys would be protected. 人们给男孩穿蓝色，希望男孩会得到保护。 18. Women's main job was to look for food for their family. 妇女们的工作是替家人寻找食物 19. The colour blue was once believed to have the power to drive evils spirits away. 蓝色曾经被认为有赶走邪恶的能力。 20. People dressed boys in blue in the hope that boys would be protected. 人们给男孩穿成蓝色是希望男孩们能被保护 21.Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast. 黄油面包是我最喜爱的早餐。 22.We promise that this therapy can help you change your moods, or you'll get your money back.. 我们保证这种疗法能帮助你改变情绪，否则全额退款。 23.If it doesn't work, you can get your money back. 如果不见效的话，你可以要回你的钱 24.If you feel stressed, eat more green vegetables. 如果你感到压力的话，多吃点绿色蔬菜 四、核心语法 1.定义：在复合句中作宾语的从句是宾语从句。 I think everybody likes cookies. 2.结构：主句+引导词+从句(陈述句语序：主+谓+其他) that引导的宾语从句 that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。 一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法 1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。 ①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　 She says that she will help me learn English this evening.她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。 ②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如： He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。 ③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如： I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。 2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较： He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 【特别提醒】 当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如： The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。 3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况： 引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略： She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。 I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。 I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。 He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。 He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。 I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。 【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略： That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。 4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况： that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。 ①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略； We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。 ②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如： He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。 ③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如： I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。 6. 宾语从句的否定转移。 在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如： ①我认为今晚他不能来。 【误】I think he can’t come this evening. 【正】I don’t think he can come this evening. ②他认为我们现在不在教室里。 【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now. 【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now. 【特别警示】 含有＂否定转移＂现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如： I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？ He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来，是不是？ 7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如： We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he? 我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈，是吗？ 8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如： It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。 if/whether引导的宾语从句 当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。 I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。 Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。 Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。 He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。 【拓展】 一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。 1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。 I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. Let me know whether you can come or not. I don’t know whether he will win or not.  I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not. 2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。 He doesn’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。 Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。 Whether to go or stay is still a question. I’m not sure whether to stay or leave. I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. 3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。 It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。 Success depends on whether we make enough effort. I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home. It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。 Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. 5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。 We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should go there by plane.（虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. （虚拟语气） 6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。 He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work. 注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。 宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际 情况而定。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow. I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the US soon. 3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. He told me that the earth is round. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。 He is an honest boy. The teacher said. → The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy. 2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。 Does he work hard? I wonder. → I wonder if/whether he works hard. $$