2025-2026学年仁爱科普版（2012）九年级英语上册暑假巩固复习 系动词

系动词 一、 系动词复习资料 1. 什么是系动词？ 作用：系动词本身不表示具体的动作，而是像一座桥梁，将主语和表语（又称主语补足语）连接起来，说明主语的身份、性质、特征、状态或变化。 核心特点： 后面必须接表语（名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、数词等）才能使句意完整。 不能单独作谓语表达完整意思。 系动词没有被动语态。 与实义动词的区别： 实义动词 (Action Verbs): 表示具体动作或行为 (run, eat, write, play)，可以独立作谓语，后面可接宾语。 系动词 (Linking Verbs): 表示状态或连接 (be, seem, become, feel)，不能独立作谓语，后面必须接表语描述主语。 2. 最常见的系动词：Be动词 形式：am, is, are (现在时) / was, were (过去时) / been (过去分词) 功能：最纯粹、最常用的系动词，主要用于表示身份、性质、状态、时间、地点等。 例句： I am a teacher. (身份) She is very smart. (性质) They were at home yesterday. (状态、地点) The meeting is at 2 PM. (时间) 3. 其他常见系动词 (按主要意义分类) 类别 常见系动词 主要含义/功能 例句 状态类 seem, appear, look, sound, feel, smell, taste 表示“看起来/听起来/闻起来/尝起来/感觉起来...” (描述感官印象或主观感受) She looks tired. (看起来) The music sounds beautiful. (听起来) This soup tastes salty. (尝起来) I feel happy. (感觉) 变化类 become, get, grow, turn, go, come, fall 表示“变得...”、“成为...” (描述状态或性质的变化) He became a doctor. (成为) The leaves turn yellow in autumn. (变成) It's getting dark. (变得) She fell asleep. (进入某种状态) 保持类 remain, stay, keep 表示“保持...”、“仍然是...” (描述状态的持续) Please remain quiet. (保持) The weather stayed sunny. (持续) Keep calm. (保持) 表象/结果类 prove, turn out 表示“证明是...”、“结果是...” His idea proved successful. (证明是) It turned out to be a mistake. (结果是) 4. 系动词的核心结构：主语 + 系动词 + 表语 表语 (Predicative / Subject Complement): 跟在系动词后面，说明主语是什么、怎么样、在哪里等。表语可以是： 名词 (Noun): My father is a doctor. 代词 (Pronoun): This book is mine. 形容词 (Adjective): The flower smells sweet. 介词短语 (Prepositional Phrase): They are in the classroom. 数词 (Numeral): I am sixteen. 不定式 (Infinitive): My dream is to travel the world. (此时be是系动词) 动名词 (Gerund): Her hobby is painting. (此时 be 是系动词) 从句 (Clause): The fact is that he lied. 5. 最重要规则：系动词后通常接形容词 (Adj) 作表语！ 核心原则：当表语是描述主语的性质、状态或特征时，必须使用形容词 (Adj)，不能使用副词 (Adv)。 原因：副词 (Adv) 是用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的，表示动作的方式、程度等。系动词本身不表示动作，所以不需要用副词来修饰它。我们需要用形容词来描述主语本身。 对比 ： ❌ She looks happily. (错！look 是系动词，后需接形容词描述她看起来的状态，而不是修饰“看”这个动作的方式) ✅ She looks happy. (对！描述主语She的状态是快乐的) ❌ The soup tastes deliciously. (错！taste是系动词，后需接形容词描述汤尝起来的味道) ✅ The soup tastes delicious. (对！描述主语The soup的味道是美味的) ❌ He feels badly about it. (错！想表达他对此感觉糟糕，应用形容词描述他) ✅ He feels bad about it. (对！描述主语 `He` 的感觉是糟糕的) ❌ The music sounds beautifully. (错！sound是系动词) ✅ The music sounds beautiful. (对！描述主语The music听起来是优美的) 例外：当 look, smell, taste, feel等词用作实义动词时，后面可以用副词修饰动作。 ✅ She looked carefully at the picture. (实义动词，looked表示“看”的动作，carefully副词修饰“看”的方式) ✅ The chef tasted the soup critically. (实义动词，tasted 表示“品尝”的动作，critically副词修饰“品尝”的方式) 6. 如何判断一个动词是系动词还是实义动词？ 1) 替换法：尝试用 be 动词 (如 is/am/are/was/were) 替换该动词。如果句子意思基本不变 且语法成立，则该动词很可能是系动词。 The rose smells sweet. →The rose is sweet. (意思接近：玫瑰是香的/闻起来香。smells是系 动词) She smelled the rose. →She was the rose. (意思完全不通！smelled是实义动词“闻”) 2) 表语判断：看动词后面跟的是否是描述主语的成分（表语：名词/形容词等）。如果是，则该动词是系动词；如果是动作的承受者（宾语），则是实义动词。 He grew tired. (tired是形容词描述 He的状态，grew是系动词) He grew vegetables. (vegetables是动作grew的承受者，grew是实义动词“种植”) 3) 副词测试：尝试在动词后加副词。如果意思通顺且符合动作描述，可能是实义动词；如果意思不通或感觉很别扭（尤其当你想描述主语状态时），则更可能是系动词（后应接形容词）。 She felt the fabric gently. (gently修饰动作felt ，实义动词“触摸”) She felt gentle. (想表达她感觉温柔？意思不通顺) / She felt gentle? (描述主语状态应用形容词 gentle但意思不符) →正确表达状态应为：She felt happy/sad/calm (形容词). (felt是系动词) 二、 系动词专项练习 练习一：判断下列句子中的划线动词是系动词(LV)还是实义动词(AV) 1. The sky turned dark gray. _____ 2. He turned the key in the lock. _____ 3. This milk smells sour. _____ 4. She smelled the flowers in the garden. _____ 5. The children grew restless during the long wait. _____ 6. Farmers grow rice in this area. _____ 7. The story sounds interesting. _____ 8. He sounded the alarm when he saw the fire. _____ 9. She appeared confident on stage. _____ 10. A famous actor appeared in the movie. _____ 11. The old man fell ill last week. _____ 12. The book fell from the shelf. _____ 13. Please keep quiet! _____ 14. He keeps his room very tidy. _____ 15. My dream is to become a pilot. _____ 练习二：用括号中所给词的适当形式填空（形容词或副词） 1. The cake tastes __________ (delicious / deliciously). 2. She looked __________ (angry / angrily) at the broken vase. 3. The baby fell __________ (sleepy / sleepily) after his bath. 4. The wind blew __________ (strong / strongly) last night. 5. He seems __________ (happy / happily) with his new job. 6. The teacher explained the problem __________ (clear / clearly). 7. The soup smells __________ (good / well). 8. She sings __________ (beautiful / beautifully). 9. I feel __________ (terrible / terribly) about forgetting your birthday. 10. The car stopped __________ (sudden / suddenly). 练习三：选择正确的答案填空 1. The music sounds __________. A. beautifully B. sweet C. well 2. She __________ a doctor after years of study. A. became B. became to be C. became being 3. Please __________ silent during the exam. A. be B. keep C. remain 4. The flowers in the garden smell __________. A. wonderfully B. wonderful C. badly 5. He looked __________ when he heard the news. A. surprised B. surprisingly C. surprise 6. The situation __________ worse. A. is getting B. gets C. is getting to be 7. The chicken tastes __________. Did you add enough salt? A. bland B. blandly C. badly 8. She __________ very professional in her suit. A. looks B. looks like C. is looked 9. His dream __________ traveling around the world. A. is B. is to C. is of 10. The children __________ excited about the trip. A. seem B. seem like C. seem to be 练习四：改错 (每句有一处错误，找出并改正) 1. She felt badly after hearing the sad news. (想表达感觉糟糕) 2. The coffee is tasting bitter this morning. 3. The sun is appearing brightly today. 4. He became angrily when he saw the mess. 5. The news proved happily for everyone. 6. Keep calmly in an emergency. 7. The silk feels smoothly. 8. That idea sounds stupidly. 9. The milk has turned sourly. 10. He grew strong and healthily. 练习五：将下列句子改为否定句和一般疑问句 (注意系动词的变化) 1. She is a talented musician. → Neg: _________________________ → Q: _________________________ 2. The soup smells delicious. → Neg: _________________________ → Q: _________________________ 3. They seem happy with the result. → Neg: _________________________ → Q: _________________________ 4. He became famous overnight. (用 did构成否定和疑问) → Neg: _________________________ → Q: _________________________ 5. The leaves turn red in autumn. → Neg: _________________________ → Q: _________________________ 参考答案： 练习一： 1. LV (turned dark gray - 表变化) 2. AV (turned the key - 动作) 3. LV (smells sour - 感官状态) 4. AV (smelled the flowers - 动作) 5. LV (grew restless - 表变化) 6. AV (grow rice - 动作) 7. LV (sounds interesting - 感官状态) 8. AV (sounded the alarm - 动作) 9. LV (appeared confident - 表象状态) 10. AV (appeared in the movie - 动作“出现”) 11. LV (fell ill - 进入状态) 12. AV (fell from the shelf - 动作“掉落”) 13. LV (keep quiet - 表保持状态) 14. AV (keeps his room tidy - 动作“保持/整理”) 15. LV (is to become - 表状态/身份) 练习二： 1. delicious (系动词tastes后接形容词) 2. angrily (实义动词looked at表示“看”的动作，用副词修饰) 3. sleepy (系动词 fell后接形容词描述主语状态) 4. strongly (实义动词 blew表示“吹”的动作，用副词修饰) 5. happy (系动词seem 后接形容词) 6. clearly (实义动词 explained 后接副词修饰动作) 7. good (系动词smells后接形容词。well 作形容词仅表“身体好”) 8. beautifully (实义动词 sings 后接副词修饰动作) 9. terrible (系动词 feel 后接形容词描述主语感觉) 10. suddenly (实义动词 stopped 后接副词修饰动作) 练习三： 1. B. sweet (系动词 sounds 后接形容词) 2. A. became (系动词后接名词表语) 3. A. be / B.keep / C.remain (三者都可作系动词后接形容词 silent，语法都正确，根据习惯选择) 4. B. wonderful (系动词 smell 后接形容词) 5. A. surprised (系动词looked后接形容词描述主语状态) 6. A. is getting (系动词 get的进行时，后接形容词比较级worse表变化) 7. A. bland (系动词tastes后接形容词) 8. A. looks (系动词，后接形容词 professional) 9. A. is (系动词 be后接动名词短语traveling...作表语。is to travel表示计划/义务，意思不同；is of traveling搭配错误) 10. A.seem / C. seem to be (两者皆可，后接形容词 excited) 练习四： 1. felt badly→felt bad (系动词 feel后接形容词 bad描述感觉) 2. is tasting→tastes (感官系动词taste通常不用进行时，表状态用一般现在时) 3. appearing brightly→appearing bright / is bright (系动词appear后应接形容词bright描述太阳的状态，或用is bright。brightly是副词，修饰动作) 4. became angrily→became angry (系动词become后接形容词angry) 5. proved happily→proved happy (系动词prove后接形容词happy描述结果) 6. Keep calmly→Keep calm (系动词 keep后接形容词calm) 7. feels smoothly→feels smooth (系动词feel后接形容词smooth描述触感) 8. sounds stupidly→sounds stupid (系动词sound后接形容词stupid) 9. turned sourly→turned sour (系动词turn后接形容词sour) 10. grew strong and healthily→grew strong and healthy (系动词grew后接两个并列形容词 strong和healthy) 练习五： 1. Neg: She is not / isn't a talented musician. Q: Is she a talented musician? 2. Neg: The soup does not / doesn't smell delicious. (感官系动词 smell变否定和疑问需借助助动词 do/does) Q: Does the soup smell delicious? 3. Neg: They do not / don't seem happy with the result. (系动词seem变否定和疑问需借助助动词 do/does) Q: **Do** they **seem** happy with the result? 4. Neg: He did not / didn't become famous overnight. (过去时系动词became变否定和疑问用助动词did) Q: Did he become famous overnight? 5. Neg: The leaves do not / don't turn red in autumn. (系动词turn变否定和疑问需借助助动词 do/does) Q: Do the leaves turn red in autumn? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$