专题02 迅速理解大意，提炼语篇中心思想（写作专练） 英语高考复习通用版

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦读后续写核心考点，围绕语篇大意理解与中心思想提炼，按“六要素分析→主题把握→续写框架构建”的逻辑层次展开，通过考点梳理（六要素设问法）、技巧指导（主题定位策略）、真题剖析（2023浙江卷）、即时演练（2020山东卷）四个环节，帮助学生建立从文本解读到续写构思的完整思维链。 讲义突出新课标主题语境导向，创新“要素-主题-情节”三阶训练模式，如典例剖析中用表格梳理记叙文要素、设问推进续写情节，培养学生语言理解与思维品质。即时演练设置分层任务（解题思路填空+范文参考），确保实战效果，为教师提供精准复习路径，助力学生高效突破续写难点。

专题02 迅速理解大意，提炼语篇中心思想 目录 01把握文章中心思想---------------------------------------------------------------------------1 02技巧指导---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 03典例剖析---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 04即时演练---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 把握中心思想 任何写作的核心都是为了突出文章的主旨，即文章的中心思想。没有中心思想的文章就是没有灵魂的文章，是废文。把握不住文章的中心思想，任何技巧都无济于事。文章的中心思想是我们读后续写的方向定位，解决我们从哪里来到哪里去的问题。因此，读后续写的关键一步就是找准文章写作的方向，即文章的中心思想。 解读记叙文时, 应首先根据具体文本寻读和把握故事的六要素,迅速了解文章的主要内容。接着根据故事中的要素对主题进行准确的把握。然后找出故事的人物、起因、开端、发展、高潮、结局, 把握故事情节的来龙去脉。接下来我们着重分析人物细节描写,重点关注人物所看、所说、所做、所闻、 所想与所感。最后,找准文章关键句,定位中心思想，进而帮助构思续写段落。 技巧指导 1.记叙文有六要素, 即5w词和1H词"who、what、where、when、why、how" 。因此, 我们往往可以有以下设问: "who was it about?" "what happened?""where did it happen?" "when did it happen?""why did it happen?" "How did it happen?"。 有时候一个文本并不具备所有的要素, 可能只会涉及其中的三到四个, 我们可以根据具体文本寻读具体要素。只要把这几个基本要素弄清楚了, 文章的主要内容也就清晰地展现在我们面前了。 2.把握主题：故事中的要素指向主题并为主题服务。 要素和主题的关系如下图所示: 读前文,最重要的是抓住主题。通常情况下, 故事的主题会渗透在要素中。在 《普通高中英语课程标准》中, 分为人与自我、 人与社会以及人与自然这三大主题语境。所以, 历年真题在续写中的主题多体现为个人对家庭的责任; 合作互助, 共同成长; 消除误会; 家人之爱; 经济衰退期人们互助; 鼓励他人挑战自我; 困境中的勇气与智慧;求生与救援; 人与宠物和谐相处以及关爱动物等。 如何确定文章的主题呢? 一般我们可以通过分析前文所提到的要素得出。以2023 年1月浙江卷的读后续写为例说明。 [2023·浙江1月高考卷] 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was invited to a cookout on an old friend’s farm in western Washington. I parked my car outside the farm and walked past a milking house which had apparently not been used in many years. A noise at a window caught my attention, so I entered it. It was a hummingbird (蜂鸟), desperately trying to escape. She was covered in spider-webs (蛛网) and was barely able to move her wings. She ceased her struggle the instant I picked her up. With the bird in my cupped hand, I looked around to see how she had gotten in. The broken window glass was the likely answer. I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me. When I opened my hand, the bird did not fly away; she sat looking at me with her bright eyes. I removed the sticky spider-webs that covered her head and wings. Still, she made no attempt to fly. Perhaps she had been struggling against the window too long and was too tired? Or too thirsty? As I carried her up the blackberry-lined path toward my car where I kept a water bottle, she began to move. I stopped, and she soon took wing but did not immediately fly away. Hovering (悬停), she approached within six inches of my face. For a very long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, turning her head from side to side. Then she flew quickly out of sight. During the cookout, I told my hosts about the hummingbird incident. They promised to fix the window. As I was departing, my friends walked me to my car. I was standing by the car when a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering. She turned from person to person until she came to me. She again looked directly into my eyes, then let out a squeaking call and was gone. For a moment, all were speechless. Then someone said, “She must have come to say goodbye.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。 A few weeks later, I went to the farm again. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【思路点拨】 1.读记叙文基本要素——理解文章大意 通过记叙文基本要素5W(When, Where, Who, What, Why),分析故事的人物、时间、地点及事情经过,了解文章的情节脉络。 When 　The day when I was invited to a cookout on an old friend’s farm Where 　a deserted milking house on an old friend’s farm Who 　a hummingbird (蜂鸟), I, my friends What 　I rescued the hummingbird covered in spider-webs (蛛网), but she made no attempt to fly away. Why 　She wanted to show gratitude to me and say goodbye to me in a special way. 2.遵循正能量，确定故事主题 读后续写总是表达正能量的主题。所以我再次造访那个废弃挤奶房的时候，想再看看那个窗户上的洞是不是被堵好，想知道被救的蜂鸟过的怎么样（揭示人与动物的和谐相处，表达对动物的关切之情）。蜂鸟又一次出现并认出了我，再次以特殊的形式向我表示感谢。这一幕非常感人，时隔数日被救的蜂鸟还能认出自己，看见蜂鸟我也放心了。进一步表现人和动物的深厚情感，让读者为之动容。 3.以中心思想为核心，构建写作框架 文章通过描写作者 "帮助蜂鸟脱离险境, 蜂鸟回来寻找恩人" 这一故事, 表现出人与自然和谐共处, 休戚与共。 段落 设问推进 情节延续 情感延续 第一段 　Did the hosts stuff the hole firmly? 　How was the bird getting along? 　 　由第一段首句“几周之后，我再次到农场。”和第二段首句“就在我要离开的时候，蜂鸟出现了。”可知,第一段可描写作者关心蜂鸟的现状及废弃的挤奶房是不是被堵好以防蜂鸟再次被困。 　根据续写第一段首句中的“I went to the farm again”可知,我对上次救蜂鸟一事念念不忘,因而我想看看那窗户上的洞是否堵好，那只蜂鸟过的怎么样（不一定遇到，遇到是奇迹）。 第二段 　Could the bird recognize me? 　In what way did she meet me? 　Was she fine? Did I need to worry about her? 　由第二段首句“就在我要离开的时候，蜂鸟出现了。”可知,第二段可描写虽然时隔几周，蜂鸟仍然还能认出我。（故事到达高潮，情节感人至深） 　根据续写第二段首句中的I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared可以推测出,奇迹发生，蜂鸟再次出现并向我表达感恩之情,此时我如释重负。故事展现了人鸟情未了的感人结局。 4.经典范文 【参考范文】 A few weeks later, I went to the farm again. As my car neared it my thoughts drifted back to the moment when I rescued the hummingbird from the spider’s web. I rushed back to the deserted house. It was a great comfort that the original hole in the window was nowhere to be found. Leaving the house, I couldn’t help wondering how it was getting on now. Had it managed to find its way back home, or was it still out there somewhere struggling to survive? I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. A flash of movement caught my attention. I turned around to see the same hummingbird hovering in the air. It seemed that the bird was waiting for me, its beady eyes locked on mine as if trying to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude. I felt a surge of relief and awe at the sight of this sound and grateful creature, and I knew that I would always cherish the memories we shared as I climbed into my car and drove away. 即时演练 【2020·新高考山东卷】 The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges. Mrs. Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them. One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. The little boy—his name was Bernard—had interested her very much. “I wish you could see him，” she said to her own children, John, Harry, and Clara.“He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.” After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money，” said Clara.“His family is suffering so much.” “So do I，” said Harry.“We really should do something to assist them.” For some moments, John said nothing, but, suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried, “I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish (完成).” The other children also jumped up all attention. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one.“I tell you what we can do，” said John.“You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn (爆米花), and put it into paper bags, and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.” 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【解题思路】 浏览所给信息，确定大意主题 who 1._________________________________________________; what 2._________________________________________________. where 3.__________________________________________________ when 4.__________________________________________________ why 5._________________________________________________. 文章大意 6.__________________________________________________. 表达主题 7.____________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 When Mrs. Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1.Mrs. Meredith；John, Harry, and Clara；Bernard;2.The Meredith family helped Bernard earn money.3.a small community4.As the economy was in decline 5.Bernard's father was sick 6.Mrs. Meredith and her three children found a good way to help poor Bernard earn money. 7.Love and Kindness 【参考范文】 When Mrs Meredith heard of John’s idea, she thought it was a good one, too. She was so surprised and happy that her children went much farther than herself. She said, “It’s much better to teach Bernard to fish than to give him fish. You guys may do whatever you can with the plan to help Bernard and his family.” With Mum’s approval, John got to prepare the oven, Harry went to check the corn that Uncle John sent them, while Clara made the best use of her legs to tell Bernard their plan, hoping he would accept their kindness. Having heard the plan, Bernard’s blue eyes turned watery with happiness and gratitude. With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business. Every afternoon after school, Bernard went to the Meredith family picking the bagged popcorn and went to the town theatre, and he would always put a sign beside him saying, “Home is sweet, but mine is bitter with a sick dad and a nursing mum.” Almost all film-goers bought Bernard’s popcorn when passing by. Bernard made 8 to 11 dollars each night. With this, Bernard could go home with medicine for his father. Months later his father could leave his sickbed and walk around. Bernard’s sign was rewritten as follows: “Home is sweet, and mine is too, thank you all.” 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$