Unit 4 Digital life 动词不定式作宾语补足语-【简语法-单元重点语法精练】英语八年级上册（外研版2024）

单元核心语法·精练 Unit 4 Digital life （动词不定式作宾语补足语） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、动词不定式作宾语补足语的基本结构 用法介绍 动词不定式作宾语补足语时，用于补充说明宾语的动作或状态，形成 “动词 + 宾语 + 不定式（to do）” 结构。根据动词类型不同，不定式可带 to 或省略 to。 动词类别 结构特点 常见动词举例 示例 带 to 的动词 动词 + 宾语 + to do sth. ask, tell, want, advise She asked me to help her.（她让我帮她。） He advised me to rest.（他建议我休息。） 省略 to 的动词（感官 / 使役） 动词 + 宾语 + do sth.（省略 to） see, hear, let, make I saw her leave the room.（我看见她离开房间。） Let him go first.（让他先走。） 可省可不省的动词 动词 + 宾语 + (to) do sth. help She helped me (to) carry the box.（她帮我搬箱子。） 注意事项 1. 省略 to 的特殊情况：感官动词（see, hear 等）和使役动词（let, make, have）后接不定式作宾补时必须省略 to，但变为被动语态时需还原 to（如主动：They made him work. 被动：He was made to work.）。 2. 否定形式：在不定式前加 not，构成 “动词 + 宾语 + not to do sth.”（如 The teacher told us not to be late.（老师告诉我们别迟到。））。 3. 宾语与宾补的逻辑关系：宾语是不定式动作的发出者（如 “I want you to come” 中，“you” 是 “come” 的发出者）。 二、不同含义动词后的宾补用法 用法介绍 根据动词表达的含义（如 “命令、允许、期望” 等），不定式作宾补的语义侧重不同，需结合动词词义理解。 动词含义 常见动词 示例 表 “命令 / 要求” order, tell, require The manager ordered his secretary to finish the report.（经理命令秘书完成报告。） 表 “允许 / 禁止” allow, forbid They don’t allow us to smoke here.（他们不允许我们在这里抽烟。） 表 “期望 / 鼓励” expect, encourage We expect you to arrive on time.（我们希望你准时到。） Parents encourage children to read.（父母鼓励孩子读书。） 表 “感知动作全过程” see, watch, hear I heard her sing a song.（我听见她唱了一首歌。→ 强调全过程） 表 “感知动作正在进行” see, watch, hear + doing I heard her singing a song.（我听见她在唱歌。→ 强调进行中） 注意事项 1. 与 - ing 形式的区别：感官动词后接不定式（do）表 “动作全过程”，接动名词（doing）表 “动作正在进行”（如 “I saw him cross the road” 强调 “他过马路的整个过程”，“I saw him crossing the road” 强调 “他正在过马路”）。 2. forbid 的用法：forbid 后接 “宾语 + to do”，不可接 doing（错误：He forbade smoking. 正确：He forbade us to smoke.）。 3. 主谓一致：宾语补足语的时态和人称需与宾语一致（如 She wants them to study.（“them” 是 “study” 的发出者））。 三、句式转换与易错点 用法介绍 动词不定式作宾补的句式转换需遵循 “保留不定式结构” 的原则，否定句和被动句中需注意 to 的位置。 句式类型 转换示例 肯定句变否定句 He told me to go. → He told me not to go.（他告诉我校别去。） 主动句变被动句 We saw her enter. → She was seen to enter.（有人看见她进来了。→ 被动句还原 to） 对宾补提问（用 what） They asked him to clean the room. → What did they ask him to do?（他们让他做什么？） 注意事项 1. 被动句中 to 的还原：主动句中省略 to 的动词（如 make, let），在被动句中必须还原 to（错误：He was made work. 正确：He was made to work.）。 2. 不可省略 to 的情况：除感官动词和使役动词外，其他动词后接宾补必须带 to（错误：She wants me go. 正确：She wants me to go.）。 3. 避免成分残缺：宾语补足语不可单独省略，需完整保留不定式结构（如错误：I want you. 正确：I want you to stay.）。 一、单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·甘肃天水·期中）On her way ________, Sandy saw a little girl ________ on the street. A．to home; cry. B．home; to cry C．to home; cried D．home; crying 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在回家的路上，桑迪看到一个小女孩在街上哭。 考查介词短语及非谓语动词。on one’s way to sp. “在去某地的路上”，to是介词，后面跟地点副词，如home/there/here时，省略to；根据语境可知，此处不表示看到全过程，而是看到动作正在发生，用结构see sb doing sth.。故选D。 2．（24-25八年级上·上海黄浦·期中）Smart phones enable us ________ the Internet at any time. A．surf B．to surf C．surfing D．surfs 【答案】B 【详解】句意：智能手机使我们能够随时上网。 考查非谓语动词。enable sb. to do sth. “使某人能够做某事”，空处应填动词的不定式。故选B。 3．（24-25八年级上·北京西城·期中）My mother usually doesn’t allow me ________ computer games on weekdays. A．play B．playing C．to play D．played 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈通常不允许我在工作日玩电脑游戏。 考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。故选C。 4．（23-24八年级上·广东江门·期中）The woman finally made her son ________ after she told him some jokes. A．laughed B．laugh C．to laugh D．laughing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那个女人给儿子讲了几个笑话后，终于把他逗笑了。 考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth“让某人做某事”，固定短语。故选B。 5．（24-25八年级上·上海嘉定·期中）When I came into the classroom this morning, I saw Alice ________ a picture. A．drawn B．drew C．to draw D．drawing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：今天早上我走进教室时，看见爱丽丝在画画。 考查非谓语动词。根据“When I came into the classroom this morning, I saw Alice ... a picture.”可知，此处指的是走进教室时，看到爱丽丝正在画画，用see sb doing“看到某人正在做某事”，此处用现在分词作宾补。故选D。 6．（23-24八年级上·上海静安·期中）Mr. Wang looked up and saw an old man ________ beside him. A．standing B．stood C．to stand D．stand 【答案】A 【详解】句意：王先生抬起头并且看见一位老人正站在他旁边。 考查现在分词作宾语补足语。根据“Mr. Wang looked up and saw an old man...beside him.”可知，王先生抬起头看见一位老人正站在他旁边，see sb doing sth表示“看见某人正在做某事”，空处需填现在分词，作宾补，standing“站”为动词stand的现在分词。故选A。 7．（23-24八年级上·甘肃酒泉·期中）I spent two hours ________ a special birthday gift for my mother yesterday. A．buy B．to buy C．chose D．choosing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天我花了两个小时为妈妈挑选一份特殊的生日礼物。 考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，应用现在分词作宾语补足语，故选D。 8．（24-25八年级上·天津河西·期中）We advise parents ________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A．not leaving B．not leave C．not to leaving D．not to leave 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们建议父母不要为了让孩子远离危险而把他们单独留在家里。 考查非谓语动词。根据“in order to keep them away from danger.”可知，此处指的是不要让孩子自己待在家中。结合空格前“advise”可知，advise sb to do sth，固定搭配，意为“建议某人做某事”，否定形式是：advise sb not to do sth，意为“建议某人不要做某事”符合语境，此处用不定式的否定形式not to leave，作宾语补足语。故选D。 9．（24-25八年级上·云南昆明·期中）Most parents expect their children ______ too much time playing computer games. A．not spend B．don’t spend C．not to spend D．not spending 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大多数父母期望他们的孩子不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 考查动词不定式。expect sb (not) to do sth“期待某人（不要）做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 10．（24-25八年级上·北京西城·期中）Our teachers often advise us ________ computer games a lot. A．to play B．playing C．not to play D．not playing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的老师经常建议我们不要玩太多电脑游戏。 考查宾语补足语‌。advise sb. (not) to do sth.“建议某人（不）要做某事”，根据“computer games”可知，此处说的是老师建议不要玩太多电脑游戏。故选C。 11．（24-25八年级上·北京西城·期中）His mother asks him ________ his trip ahead. A．plan B．to plan C．plans D．planning 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他妈妈让他提前计划旅行。 考查非谓语动词。plan原形；to plan动词不定式；plans三单；planning动名词/现在分词。ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”。故选B。 12．（24-25八年级上·甘肃武威·期中）He always ________ jokes and makes us ________. A．talks; laugh B．tells; laugh C．talks; to laugh D．tells; to laugh 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他总是讲笑话，使我们发笑。 考查动词短语及非谓语动词。tell jokes“讲笑话”；make后接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。 13．（24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）Our English teacher advises us ________ more. A．to practise to speak B．to practise speaking C．practising to speak D．practising speaking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师建议我们多练习口语。 考查非谓语动词。根据空前“advises us”可知，此处考查advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，固定搭配，所以这里应用动词不定式to practice，排除C和D；再根据practice doing sth.“练习做某事”可知，动词speak应用动名词形式speaking，排除A。故选B。 14．（24-25八年级上·江苏泰州·期中）You should ask the children ________ with water in the garden. It’s dangerous. A．not to play B．to play C．not play D．don’t play 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你应该叫孩子们不要在花园里玩水。这是危险的。 考查非谓语动词。ask sb (not) to do sth“让某人（不要）做某事”，根据“It’s dangerous.”可知，是危险的，所以不要做。故选A。 15．（23-24八年级上·上海静安·期中）Nobody noticed the bird _________ the room. A．entered B．to enter C．entering D．entering into 【答案】C 【详解】句意：没人注意到那只鸟进了房间。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Nobody noticed the bird”可知，此处应用固定短语notice sb doing sth“注意到某人正在做某事”，侧重于正在进行。故选C。 二、完成句子：根据句意在空格处填入一个合适的单词或者用括号所给单词的正确形式填空 1. （24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中）The English teacher advises her (keep) diaries in English to make her English better. 【答案】to keep 【详解】句意：英语老师建议她用英语写日记，以提高她的英语水平。advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”，此处动词不定式作宾语补足语，故填to keep。 2. （24-25八年级上·云南曲靖·期中）My parents never allow me outside after 10:00 p.m. (go) 【答案】to go 【详解】句意：我父母从不允许我晚上10点以后出门。根据“allow me”可知，考查allow sb. to do sth.结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此此处应用动词不定式形式。故填to go。 3. （24-25八年级上·四川遂宁·期中）He often makes me (laugh). 【答案】laugh 【详解】句意：他经常让我大笑。laugh“大笑”，make sb do“让某人做……”，省略to的不定式作宾补。故填laugh。 4. （23-24八年级上·山东菏泽·期中）She says a good friend makes us (laugh) and feel happy. 【答案】laugh 【详解】句意：她说好朋友让我们欢笑，让我们感到快乐。make sb. do，意为“让某人做某事”，固定用法，laugh意为“笑”，此处用动词原形。故填laugh。 5. （23-24八年级上·山东淄博·期中）My parents allow me (hang) out with my friends on weekends. 【答案】to hang 【详解】句意：我父母允许我周末和朋友出去玩。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to hang。 6. （23-24八年级上·甘肃定西·期中）My teacher often asks us (not play) computer. It’s bad for our eyes. 【答案】not to play 【详解】句意：我的老师经常让我们不要玩电脑。这对我们的眼睛不好。ask sb not to do sth“要求某人不要做某事”，动词不定式作宾补。故填not to play。 7. （23-24八年级上·四川达州·期中）Many people often watch the boy (play) with a dog. 【答案】play 【详解】句意：许多人经常看这个男孩和狗玩。根据“often”可知是经常看到他和狗玩，用结构watch sb. do sth.“看见某人做某事”，空处要填动词原形。故填play。 8. （23-24八年级上·辽宁阜新·期中）My mother made me (finish) doing my homework this afternoon. 【答案】finish 【详解】句意：今天下午我妈妈让我做完作业。finish“完成”，根据“My mother made me”可知，考查make sb do sth“让某人做某事”这一固定用法，因此空格处用动词原形finish作宾补。故填finish。 9. （24-25八年级上·上海徐汇·期中）His uncle grows the fruit while his aunt helps the fruit. (sale) 【答案】sell/to sell 【详解】句意：他的叔叔种植水果，而他的婶婶帮助卖水果。根据短语help (to) do sth.“帮助做某事”可知，这里要填sale相应的动词原形sell或不定式to sell。故填sell/to sell。 10. （24-25八年级上·山东潍坊·期中）Please tell the children over there not (make) too much noise. 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：请告诉那边的孩子们不要制造太多噪音。此处是短语tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”，故填to make。 11. （24-25八年级上·江苏淮安·期中）Miss Wu advised us (not discuss) this problem yesterday. 【答案】not to discuss 【详解】句意：吴老师昨天建议我们不要讨论这个问题。discuss“讨论”，动词；根据advise sb. not to do sth.“建议某人不要做某事”可知，此处应用不定式的否定形式，即not to discuss。故填not to discuss。 12. （21-22八年级上·福建三明·期中）I saw them (fight) with each other just now. 【答案】fighting 【详解】句意：我刚才看见他们正在打架。根据“I saw them...with each other just now.”可知，see sb doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”，此处应填fight的现在分词形式fighting。故填fighting。 13. （21-22八年级上·北京朝阳·期中）Mr. Li is not in the office now. I saw him (talk) with other teachers in the meeting room just now. 【答案】talking 【详解】句意：李老师现在不在办公室。刚才我看见他在会议室和其他老师谈话。talk“谈话”，动词。固定短语see sb doing sth“看到某人正在做某事”符合语境，故填talking。 14. （22-23八年级上·湖南永州·期中）—Where’s Tony now? —I saw him (play) in the garden five minutes ago. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：——托尼现在在哪里？——五分钟前我看见他在花园里玩。根据“Where’s Tony now?”以及“I saw him…in the garden five minutes ago.”可知，此处表示看到某人正在做某事，应该用see sb. doing sth.，因此此处用动词playing。故填playing。 15. （22-23八年级上·浙江杭州·期中）—Do you remember what time it was when you saw him (lie) on the ground, dead? —I suppose it was around 3 a.m., because the Town Hall clock (strike) just a few minutes later. 【答案】 lying struck 【详解】句意：——你还记得当你看到他躺在地上死了是几点吗？——我想那大约是凌晨三点，因为市政厅时钟就在几分钟后敲响了。第一个空处为固定搭配see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”，提示词“lie”的现在分词形式为lying；第二个空根据前面的句子“it was around 3 a.m.”可知，这里用一般过去时，动词strike用过去式形式struck，意为“撞击”。故填lying；struck。 三、选词填空 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·四川达州·期中）阅读下面短文，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每词限用一次。 make, worry, they, for, through, pay, good, get, friend, play These days many students like to make friends online. Most of 1 think it’s interesting to know an unknown person 2 the Internet. So, many students like to use computers to talk with those friends. And they spend too much time 3 it. Some of them can not do well in their school work. Their parents often don’t think the children are as 4 as before. So many teachers and parents are 5 about their children. In fact, only very few of them can 6 real good friends in this way. Most of them were cheated by those unseen 7 . And some of the students did wrong things online. It’s terrible 8 students to use too much time to make friends and talk online. So we should be careful of 9 friends online and should not spend too much time on it. We’d better 10 more attention to study. We will be really happy when we do well in school and at home. 【答案】 1. them 2. through 3. playing 4. good 5. worried 6. get 7. friends 8. for 9. making 10. pay 【导语】本文讲述了如今有很多学生喜欢网上交友，并且花费很多时间跟网友聊天，老师和家长对此很担心，劝诫学生网上交友的弊端，应该把更多的精力放在学习上，只有在学校和家里都做得很好，学生才能真正的开心。 1. 句意：他们中的大多数人认为，通过互联网认识一个陌生人很有趣。根据“Most of ... think ...”可知，此处指的是“他们”，即前面的many students，备选词they“他们”符合，人称代词主格，介词of后需用宾格形式them。故填them。 2. 句意：他们中的大多数人认为，通过互联网认识一个陌生人很有趣。根据“... know an unknown person ... the Internet.”可知，此处表示通过互联网认识陌生人，结合备选词through“通过”，介词，表示通过某种方式或手段，符合语境。故填through。 3. 句意：他们花太多时间玩它。根据“And they spend too much time ... it.”可知，it指代前文中用电脑聊天这件事，此处表示“他们花太多时间在玩电脑上了”，备选词play“玩”，符合语境，spend time doing sth意为“花费时间做某事”，因此用动名词playing。故填playing。 4. 句意：他们的父母经常认为孩子们不像以前那么好。根据“Some of them can not do well in their school work.”可知，由于花太多时间在电脑聊天上，因此学生的学习成绩不如从前好，as+形容词原级+as...表示“像……一样的……”，用来比较的两者情况相同，备选词good“好的”，形容词，该句为否定句，表示不如之前好，符合语境。故填good。 5. 句意：所以许多老师和家长都担心他们的孩子。分析句子结构可知，此处需填形容词作表语描述主语的状态，结合前文，由于学生们的学习成绩不如从前好，因此老师和家长都担心，be worried about意为“为……而担忧”，结合备选词worry“担忧”，动词，其形容词形式为worried“担忧的”符合。故填worried。 6. 句意：实际上，只有极少数人能通过这种方式交到真正的好朋友。根据“only very few of them can ... real good friends in this way.”可知，空格处缺谓语动词，此处表示“通过网络这种方式交到真朋友”，结合备选词get“得到，获得”，符合语境，情态动词后接动词原形。故填get。 7. 句意：他们中的大多数人被那些看不见的朋友欺骗了。根据those可知，空格处需填入可数名词复数，结合unseen可知，此处指的是网络上那些看不见的朋友，备选词friend“朋友”符合语境，复数形式为friends。故填friends。 8. 句意：对学生来说，花太多时间交朋友和在线聊天是可怕的。根据句型：It’s+形容词+for sb to do sth表示“做某事对某人来说是……”，可知此处用介词for。故填for。 9. 句意：所以我们应该谨慎对待在网上交朋友，并且不应该在上面花费太多时间。根据“... friends online and should not spend too much time on it.”可知，此处指的是网络交友，make friends意为“交朋友”，固定短语，be careful of doing sth表示“小心做某事”，介词of后用动名词making。故填making。 10. 句意：我们最好更关注学习。pay attention to是固定搭配，表示关注或注意某事，这里指的是最好更多地关注学习，情态动词had better意为“最好”，后接动词原形。故填pay。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·甘肃天水·期中）根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。 what, eight, advantage, on, social, avoid, we, but, proper, simple Nowadays, our lives have really changed a lot. The computers and Internet have changed the world. In many ways, they make life easier and 1 . Last week, I was asked to finish a project about animals. 2 I had no idea. So I searched for some information about it online. I learned about a special fish named Flying Fish. When it meets enemies, it 3 them by flying out of the water. In addition to searching for information online, we can travel 4 the Internet. My grandma dreamed of travelling around the world. However, she was very sick. On the 5 day of this month, I posted pictures of Grandma on a blog. Then I asked people 6 they could do to help Grandma see the world. Later I received many pictures of different places with my grandma in them. The Internet truly has many 7 . But every coin has two sides. Spending too much time online is harmful to our health. It may even cause us to be less 8 with family and friends. In addition, 9 personal information might be stolen as well. Your life will become more colourful if you use the Internet 10 . So use it carefully. 【答案】 1. simpler 2. But 3. avoids 4. on 5. eighth 6. what 7. advantages 8. social 9. our 10. properly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了互联网给我们的生活带来的便利和潜在的问题。 1. 句意：在许多方面，它们使生活更容易、更简单。根据“easier and”可知，此处用形容词的比较级形式，simpler“更简单的”符合。故填simpler。 2. 句意：但我毫无头绪。根据“Last week, I was asked to finish a project about animals…I had no idea.”的语境可知，此处句意发生了转折，but“但是”符合，句首首字母大写。故填But。 3. 句意：当它遇到敌人时，它会通过飞出水面来躲避它们。空处为句子的谓语，avoid“避免”符合，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为“it”，用三单形式。故填avoids。 4. 句意：除了在网上搜索信息，我们还可以在互联网上旅行。on the Internet“在互联网上”，是固定搭配。故填on。 5. 句意：在本月的第八天，我在博客上发布了奶奶的照片。根据“On the…day of this month”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处表示日期，用序数词eighth。故填eighth。 6. 句意：我问人们他们能做些什么来帮助奶奶看世界。此处引导宾语从句，what“什么”符合。故填what。 7. 句意：互联网确实有很多优点。根据上文可知，上文讲述的是互联网的优点，advantage“优点”，根据空前的“many”可知，此处用复数形式。故填advantages。 8. 句意：它甚至可能导致我们与家人和朋友的社会交往减少。根据“It may even cause us to be less… with family and friends.”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处表示社会交往减少，social“社交的”符合。故填social。 9. 句意：此外，我们的个人信息也可能被窃取。根据“In addition…personal information might be stolen as well.”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处表示我们的个人信息，用形容词性物主代词our“我们的”。故填our。 10. 句意：如果你正确使用互联网，你的生活将变得更加丰富多彩。根据下文“So use it carefully.”并结合备选词汇可知，此处表示正确使用互联网，修饰动词“use”需用副词properly“正确地”。故填properly。 Passage 3 （23-24八年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）根据文章内容用所给词或短语的适当形式填空. in the future; danger; real; they; first; say; work; however; smart; scientist There are many different kinds of robots 1 in the factory now. They can help people to work in 2 places or do many difficult jobs. They’ll never get bored, tired or afraid. But do you want to know what our life will be like 3 ? Will we have all kinds of robots in the world then? Some people think that robots will be much 4 . The robots will have their own computer brains (脑). Some of 5 will fly into space, into the seas and so on. Some people want to have robotic friends. But it must be very hard for 6 to make them 7 think like a human. Last week a professor called Steel 8 ,“At present, there’re some robots like actors—they may show emotions (情感), 9 , they don’t feel them. We’ll try our best to change that. You may get a surprise at the life in the future.” We are sure to succeed 10 day, so let’s wait and see! 【答案】 1. working 2. dangerous 3. in the future 4. smarter 5. them 6. scientists 7. really 8. said 9. however 10. one 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器的应用情况，目前机器人有许多种类，可以帮助人们做许多不同的工作；在未来，机器人可能比人类更聪明，它们会有自己的大脑；有些人想交机器人朋友，但那会很困难；科学家们在正努力，想让机器人像人一样思考、有感情。让我们拭目以待。 1. 句意：现在有许多不同种类的机器人在工厂工作。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“There be +名词+doing…”结构，其中doing是现在分词，补充说明主语的状态；根据“in the factory ”结合备选词汇可知，应是机器人在工厂工作，work“工作”，符合语境。故填working。 2. 句意：他们可以帮助人们在危险的地方工作或做许多困难的工作。由句子结构可知，此处应填一个形容词，修饰名词places作定语；根据上文“…many different kinds of robots…”和下文“do many difficult jobs”可知，此处是指不同的机器人帮助人做一些危险或者困难的工作；结合备选词汇，danger对应的形容词为dangerous“危险的”符合语境。故填dangerous。 3. 句意：但是你想知道我们未来的生活会是什么样子吗？ 根据“But do you want to know what our life will be like…”和备选词汇可知，此处是询问未来生活会是什么样子；in the future“在未来”，符合语境。故填in the future。 4. 句意：有些人认为机器人会更聪明。句中“be”是系动词，后应填一个形容词作表语，前有much，此处应填一个形容词比较级；由下文“The robots will have their own computer brains.（机器人将拥有自己的计算机大脑。）”和备选词汇可知，此处是指未来的机器人会更聪明；smart比较级为smarter“更聪明的”。故填smarter。 5. 句意：他们中的一些将飞向太空，进入海洋等。由“some of…”可知，此处应填一个代词，作of的宾语；结合备选词汇，they的宾格形式为them符合语境。故填them。 6. 句意：但对科学家来说，让它们真正像人类一样思考一定非常困难。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“It be + adj. for sb. to do sth.”句型，可知此处应填名词作不定式的逻辑主语；结合备选词汇，scientist符合；scientist是可数名词，其前没有限定词修饰，此处应用复数scientists。故填scientists。 7. 句意：但对科学家来说，让它们真正像人类一样思考一定非常困难。分析句子结构，此处应填一个副词修饰动词think；结合备选词汇，real的副词为really“真正地”符合语境，指“机器人不能真正地像人类一样思考”。故填really。 8. 句意：上周一位叫斯蒂尔的教授说，……。根据下文教授说的话可可知，此处是指教授“说”；结合备选词，say符合语境；由“last week”可知时态为一般过去时，say“说”，动词，应用其过去式said。故填said。 9. 句意：目前，有一些像演员一样的机器人——它们可能会表现出情感，但是它们没有感觉。分析句子可知，前句表达一些机器人像演员一样能够表达情感，后句表达他们自身没有感觉，前后两句是转折关系；结合备选词，however“然而”，表示转折关系，符合语境。故填however。 10. 句意：我们总有一天会成功的，所以让我们拭目以待吧！根据上文“We’ll try our best to change that. You may get a surprise at the life in the future.”可知，科学家们正在努力攻关，让机器人能够像人类一样思考，能像人类一样表达自己的感情，而且他们相信将来某一天会成功的；结合备选词汇，first第一，序数词，其基数词为one，one day固定短语，意为“一天”，可指将来的某一天。故填one。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （21-22八年级上·浙江宁波·期中）Nowadays WeChat is more and more popular. I often talk 1 my English friends on WeChat to practice my English. And I can read some articles on WeChat that encourage me to do better. At the same time, I can read lots of 2 (information) on WeChat that can make me know more around. Some news also makes me 3 (become) more careful. Sometimes I feel WeChat is like 4 mirror that helps me see something 5 (clear). 6 , WeChat brings me some trouble as well. Some friends put photos of the real things on WeChat to tell they sell is really good. I’m angry about those advertisements because some of them may be not true. As a 7 goes: “Seeing is believing.” I know people are cheated(被欺骗) easily. What’s worse, some news always asks us 8 (send) it to others. This makes me uncomfortable. Friends seem to become enemies(敌人). 9 fact, I am thinking about canceling WeChat on my phone because 10 (use) it too much is bad for my eyes. 【答案】 1. to 2. information 3. become 4. a 5. clearly 6. However 7. saying 8. to send 9. In 10. using 【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者从正反两方面向读者介绍了自己使用微信的感受。 1. 句意：我经常在微信上和我的英国朋友聊天来练习我的英语。talk to sb.为固定搭配，意为“与……交谈”，符合句意，故填to。 2. 句意：我可以在微信上看到很多信息。information为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故填information。 3. 句意：一些消息也让我变得更加小心。make sb. do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，故所给动词become应用原形。故填become。 4. 句意：有时我觉得微信就像一面镜子。空格后为名词单数mirror，故空格处应填不定冠词a，表示“一”的泛指概念，故填a。 5. 句意：可以帮助我看清一些东西。根据句子结构，空格处应填形容词clear的副词形式，修饰动词see。故填clearly。 6. 句意：不过，微信也给我带来了一些麻烦。根据前后句意可知，此处存在转折关系，且空格后有逗号，故应填意为“然而”的副词however，且位于句首首字母应大写。故填However。 7. 句意：俗话说：“眼见为实”。根据下文“Seeing is believing.”可知，此处应用了一句俗语。As the/an saying goes意为“俗话说”，符合句意，故填saying。 8. 句意：有些消息总是要求我们把它转发给别人。ask sb. to do sth.意为“叫某人做某事”，符合句意，故空格处应填动词不定式，故填to send。 9. 句意：事实上，我正在考虑卸载掉手机上的微信。in fact为固定搭配，意为“事实上”，符合句意，且in位于句首首字母应大写。故填In。 10. 句意：因为使用太多对眼睛不好。根据句子结构，空格处应填动词use的动名词形式作主语，故填using。 Passage 2 （22-23八年级上·浙江金华·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The Dubai Mall is a really large area. 1 took people four years to build it. It has an area of 555,600 square meters. It is one of the 2 (big) shopping centers in the world! So 3 you are in this huge shopping mall, you may easily get lost. Also, finding your cars in such a big parking lot can be 4 big problem. Once a woman with heavy shopping bags spent three hours 5 (look) for her car. But she couldn’t find it. So she 6 (drop) the shopping bags and got a taxi home! Maybe you could never imagine how 7 (tired) she was after such a long walk. Later, the Mall decided 8 (use) a computer system to help drivers to find their cars. With cameras on each floor of the car park, the computer can find the car 9 (quick). And a picture of your car with a 10 (map) will show you the right way. 【答案】 1. It 2. biggest 3. If/When 4. a 5. looking 6. dropped 7. tired 8. to use 9. quickly 10. map 【导语】本文主要讲述了迪拜的一个购物中心非常大，在里面容易迷路，并且在停车场找车是个大问题，后来，购物中心决定使用电脑程序帮助司机找到他们的车。 1. 句意：人们花了四年时间建造它。根据“...took people four years to build it.” It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.（花费某人多少时间做某事）。故填It。 2. 句意：它是世界上最大的购物中心之一！根据“It is one of the...shopping centers in the world!”，one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数形式，表示“最……的……之一”。故填biggest。 3. 句意：所以当你在这个巨大的购物中心时，你很容易迷路。根据“So...you are in this huge shopping mall, you may easily get lost.”可知，这是一个if引导的条件状语从句或when引导的时间状语从句。故填If/When。 4. 句意：而且，在这么大的停车场找车也是个大问题。根据“finding your cars in such a big parking lot can be...big problem.”，problem是可数名词，这里是单数，表示“一个大问题”，big以辅音音素开头。故填a。 5. 句意：有一次，一个带着沉重购物袋的女人花了三个小时找她的车。根据“ spent three hours...for her car”，spend some time doing sth.表示“花费多少时间做某事”。故填looking。 6. 句意：所以她放下购物袋，坐出租车回家了！根据“So she...the shopping bags and got a taxi home!”，此处在叙述过去，故用一般过去时态，使用动词的过去式。故填dropped。 7. 句意：也许你永远无法想象走了这么长一段路之后她有多累。根据“Maybe you could never imagine how...she was after such a long walk.”这里tired作she was的表语。故填tired。 8. 句意：后来，购物中心决定使用计算机系统来帮助司机找到他们的车。根据“the Mall decided...a computer system”，decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”。故填to use。 9. 句意：停车场每层都有摄像头，电脑可以很快找到车。根据“the computer can find the car...”，这里填quick的副词修饰find。故填quickly。 10. 句意：你的车的照片和地图会告诉你正确的方向。根据“And a picture of your car with a...will show you the right way.”可知，这里指一张地图。故填map。 Passage 3 （23-24八年级上·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内的单词的正确形式。将答案填在答题纸内的相应位置。 Nowadays, WeChat is more and more popular with students. I often talk to my English friends on Wechat to help me speak English 1 (good) than before. And I can read lots of information on Wechat that can make me 2 (know) more around. I feel WeChat is like 3 mirror that helps me see something 4 (clear). However, WeChat brings me some trouble as well. Someone always 5 (put) photos of the real things on WeChat to tell what he sells really good. I am angry about those advertisements (广告) 6 some of them may not be true. As a 7 (say) goes, “seeing is believing.” What’s worse, some news always asks us 8 (show) it to others. This makes me uncomfortable. 9 (friend) seem to become enemies (敌人). In fact, I am thinking about stopping using WeChat on my phone because using it too much is bad 10 my eyes. 【答案】 1. better 2. know 3. a 4. clearly 5. puts 6. because 7. saying 8. to show 9. Friends 10. for 【导语】本文主要讲述了微信在我们的生活中越来越受欢迎，但是微信对我们有利也有弊。 1. 句意：我经常和我的英语朋友在微信上交谈，帮助我把英语说得比以前更好。根据than可知，此处用比较级，副词修饰动词speak，good的副词是well“好地”，其比较级是better“更好”，故填better。 2. 句意：我可以在微信上阅读很多信息，让我了解更多。这里是：make sb. do sth.使某人做某事，需用know的动词原形。故填know。 3. 句意：有时我觉得微信就像一面镜子，可以帮我看清楚一些东西。由语境可知，此处泛指“一面镜子”，用不定冠词，mirror是以辅音音素开头的单词，用a。故填a。 4. 句意：有时我觉得微信就像一面镜子，帮助我看得更清楚。此处用于句中修饰其前的动词see，所以clear用其副词形式。故填clearly。 5. 句意：有人总是把实物照片放在微信上，告诉别人他卖的东西真的很好。由always可知，此处为一般现在时，主语someone是单数，后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数puts。故填puts。 6. 句意：我对那些广告很生气，因为有些广告可能不是真的。根据“some of them may not be true.”可知，这里是由because引导的原因状语从句。故填because。 7. 句意：俗话说：“眼见为实。”此处表示“谚语”，用于句中作主语，又因为其前有不定冠词a修饰，所以用其名词原形即可。故填saying。 8. 句意：更糟糕的是，有些新闻总是要求我们把它展示给其他人。此处用于“ask sb. to do sth.”结构中，翻译为“要求某人做某事”，所以用show的动词不定式形式。故填to show。 9. 句意：朋友似乎成了敌人。 根据“seem”可知，这里是一般现在时，主语为复数，friend的复数为friends，首字母大写。故填Friends。 10. 句意：事实上，我在考虑再也不要在手机上使用微信了，因为太频繁地使用微信对我的眼睛不好。be bad for...，对……有害，为固定搭配。故填for。 3 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$单元核心语法·精练 Unit 4 Digital life （动词不定式作宾语补足语） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、动词不定式作宾语补足语的基本结构 用法介绍 动词不定式作宾语补足语时，用于补充说明宾语的动作或状态，形成 “动词 + 宾语 + 不定式（to do）” 结构。根据动词类型不同，不定式可带 to 或省略 to。 动词类别 结构特点 常见动词举例 示例 带 to 的动词 动词 + 宾语 + to do sth. ask, tell, want, advise She asked me to help her.（她让我帮她。） He advised me to rest.（他建议我休息。） 省略 to 的动词（感官 / 使役） 动词 + 宾语 + do sth.（省略 to） see, hear, let, make I saw her leave the room.（我看见她离开房间。） Let him go first.（让他先走。） 可省可不省的动词 动词 + 宾语 + (to) do sth. help She helped me (to) carry the box.（她帮我搬箱子。） 注意事项 1. 省略 to 的特殊情况：感官动词（see, hear 等）和使役动词（let, make, have）后接不定式作宾补时必须省略 to，但变为被动语态时需还原 to（如主动：They made him work. 被动：He was made to work.）。 2. 否定形式：在不定式前加 not，构成 “动词 + 宾语 + not to do sth.”（如 The teacher told us not to be late.（老师告诉我们别迟到。））。 3. 宾语与宾补的逻辑关系：宾语是不定式动作的发出者（如 “I want you to come” 中，“you” 是 “come” 的发出者）。 二、不同含义动词后的宾补用法 用法介绍 根据动词表达的含义（如 “命令、允许、期望” 等），不定式作宾补的语义侧重不同，需结合动词词义理解。 动词含义 常见动词 示例 表 “命令 / 要求” order, tell, require The manager ordered his secretary to finish the report.（经理命令秘书完成报告。） 表 “允许 / 禁止” allow, forbid They don’t allow us to smoke here.（他们不允许我们在这里抽烟。） 表 “期望 / 鼓励” expect, encourage We expect you to arrive on time.（我们希望你准时到。） Parents encourage children to read.（父母鼓励孩子读书。） 表 “感知动作全过程” see, watch, hear I heard her sing a song.（我听见她唱了一首歌。→ 强调全过程） 表 “感知动作正在进行” see, watch, hear + doing I heard her singing a song.（我听见她在唱歌。→ 强调进行中） 注意事项 1. 与 - ing 形式的区别：感官动词后接不定式（do）表 “动作全过程”，接动名词（doing）表 “动作正在进行”（如 “I saw him cross the road” 强调 “他过马路的整个过程”，“I saw him crossing the road” 强调 “他正在过马路”）。 2. forbid 的用法：forbid 后接 “宾语 + to do”，不可接 doing（错误：He forbade smoking. 正确：He forbade us to smoke.）。 3. 主谓一致：宾语补足语的时态和人称需与宾语一致（如 She wants them to study.（“them” 是 “study” 的发出者））。 三、句式转换与易错点 用法介绍 动词不定式作宾补的句式转换需遵循 “保留不定式结构” 的原则，否定句和被动句中需注意 to 的位置。 句式类型 转换示例 肯定句变否定句 He told me to go. → He told me not to go.（他告诉我校别去。） 主动句变被动句 We saw her enter. → She was seen to enter.（有人看见她进来了。→ 被动句还原 to） 对宾补提问（用 what） They asked him to clean the room. → What did they ask him to do?（他们让他做什么？） 注意事项 1. 被动句中 to 的还原：主动句中省略 to 的动词（如 make, let），在被动句中必须还原 to（错误：He was made work. 正确：He was made to work.）。 2. 不可省略 to 的情况：除感官动词和使役动词外，其他动词后接宾补必须带 to（错误：She wants me go. 正确：She wants me to go.）。 3. 避免成分残缺：宾语补足语不可单独省略，需完整保留不定式结构（如错误：I want you. 正确：I want you to stay.）。 一、单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·甘肃天水·期中）On her way ________, Sandy saw a little girl ________ on the street. A．to home; cry. B．home; to cry C．to home; cried D．home; crying 2．（24-25八年级上·上海黄浦·期中）Smart phones enable us ________ the Internet at any time. A．surf B．to surf C．surfing D．surfs 3．（24-25八年级上·北京西城·期中）My mother usually doesn’t allow me ________ computer games on weekdays. A．play B．playing C．to play D．played 4．（23-24八年级上·广东江门·期中）The woman finally made her son ________ after she told him some jokes. A．laughed B．laugh C．to laugh D．laughing 5．（24-25八年级上·上海嘉定·期中）When I came into the classroom this morning, I saw Alice ________ a picture. A．drawn B．drew C．to draw D．drawing 6．（23-24八年级上·上海静安·期中）Mr. Wang looked up and saw an old man ________ beside him. A．standing B．stood C．to stand D．stand 7．（23-24八年级上·甘肃酒泉·期中）I spent two hours ________ a special birthday gift for my mother yesterday. A．buy B．to buy C．chose D．choosing 8．（24-25八年级上·天津河西·期中）We advise parents ________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A．not leaving B．not leave C．not to leaving D．not to leave 9．（24-25八年级上·云南昆明·期中）Most parents expect their children ______ too much time playing computer games. A．not spend B．don’t spend C．not to spend D．not spending 10．（24-25八年级上·北京西城·期中）Our teachers often advise us ________ computer games a lot. A．to play B．playing C．not to play D．not playing 11．（24-25八年级上·北京西城·期中）His mother asks him ________ his trip ahead. A．plan B．to plan C．plans D．planning 12．（24-25八年级上·甘肃武威·期中）He always ________ jokes and makes us ________. A．talks; laugh B．tells; laugh C．talks; to laugh D．tells; to laugh 13．（24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）Our English teacher advises us ________ more. A．to practise to speak B．to practise speaking C．practising to speak D．practising speaking 14．（24-25八年级上·江苏泰州·期中）You should ask the children ________ with water in the garden. It’s dangerous. A．not to play B．to play C．not play D．don’t play 15．（23-24八年级上·上海静安·期中）Nobody noticed the bird _________ the room. A．entered B．to enter C．entering D．entering into 二、完成句子：根据句意在空格处填入一个合适的单词或者用括号所给单词的正确形式填空 1. （24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期中）The English teacher advises her (keep) diaries in English to make her English better. 2. （24-25八年级上·云南曲靖·期中）My parents never allow me outside after 10:00 p.m. (go) 3. （24-25八年级上·四川遂宁·期中）He often makes me (laugh). 4. （23-24八年级上·山东菏泽·期中）She says a good friend makes us (laugh) and feel happy. 5. （23-24八年级上·山东淄博·期中）My parents allow me (hang) out with my friends on weekends. 6. （23-24八年级上·甘肃定西·期中）My teacher often asks us (not play) computer. It’s bad for our eyes. 7. （23-24八年级上·四川达州·期中）Many people often watch the boy (play) with a dog. 8. （23-24八年级上·辽宁阜新·期中）My mother made me (finish) doing my homework this afternoon. 9. （24-25八年级上·上海徐汇·期中）His uncle grows the fruit while his aunt helps the fruit. (sale) 10. （24-25八年级上·山东潍坊·期中）Please tell the children over there not (make) too much noise. 11. （24-25八年级上·江苏淮安·期中）Miss Wu advised us (not discuss) this problem yesterday. 12. （21-22八年级上·福建三明·期中）I saw them (fight) with each other just now. 13. （21-22八年级上·北京朝阳·期中）Mr. Li is not in the office now. I saw him (talk) with other teachers in the meeting room just now. 14. （22-23八年级上·湖南永州·期中）—Where’s Tony now? —I saw him (play) in the garden five minutes ago. 15. （22-23八年级上·浙江杭州·期中）—Do you remember what time it was when you saw him (lie) on the ground, dead? —I suppose it was around 3 a.m., because the Town Hall clock (strike) just a few minutes later. 三、选词填空 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·四川达州·期中）阅读下面短文，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每词限用一次。 make, worry, they, for, through, pay, good, get, friend, play These days many students like to make friends online. Most of 1 think it’s interesting to know an unknown person 2 the Internet. So, many students like to use computers to talk with those friends. And they spend too much time 3 it. Some of them can not do well in their school work. Their parents often don’t think the children are as 4 as before. So many teachers and parents are 5 about their children. In fact, only very few of them can 6 real good friends in this way. Most of them were cheated by those unseen 7 . And some of the students did wrong things online. It’s terrible 8 students to use too much time to make friends and talk online. So we should be careful of 9 friends online and should not spend too much time on it. We’d better 10 more attention to study. We will be really happy when we do well in school and at home. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·甘肃天水·期中）根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。 what, eight, advantage, on, social, avoid, we, but, proper, simple Nowadays, our lives have really changed a lot. The computers and Internet have changed the world. In many ways, they make life easier and 1 . Last week, I was asked to finish a project about animals. 2 I had no idea. So I searched for some information about it online. I learned about a special fish named Flying Fish. When it meets enemies, it 3 them by flying out of the water. In addition to searching for information online, we can travel 4 the Internet. My grandma dreamed of travelling around the world. However, she was very sick. On the 5 day of this month, I posted pictures of Grandma on a blog. Then I asked people 6 they could do to help Grandma see the world. Later I received many pictures of different places with my grandma in them. The Internet truly has many 7 . But every coin has two sides. Spending too much time online is harmful to our health. It may even cause us to be less 8 with family and friends. In addition, 9 personal information might be stolen as well. Your life will become more colourful if you use the Internet 10 . So use it carefully. Passage 3 （23-24八年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）根据文章内容用所给词或短语的适当形式填空. in the future; danger; real; they; first; say; work; however; smart; scientist There are many different kinds of robots 1 in the factory now. They can help people to work in 2 places or do many difficult jobs. They’ll never get bored, tired or afraid. But do you want to know what our life will be like 3 ? Will we have all kinds of robots in the world then? Some people think that robots will be much 4 . The robots will have their own computer brains (脑). Some of 5 will fly into space, into the seas and so on. Some people want to have robotic friends. But it must be very hard for 6 to make them 7 think like a human. Last week a professor called Steel 8 ,“At present, there’re some robots like actors—they may show emotions (情感), 9 , they don’t feel them. We’ll try our best to change that. You may get a surprise at the life in the future.” We are sure to succeed 10 day, so let’s wait and see! 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （21-22八年级上·浙江宁波·期中）Nowadays WeChat is more and more popular. I often talk 1 my English friends on WeChat to practice my English. And I can read some articles on WeChat that encourage me to do better. At the same time, I can read lots of 2 (information) on WeChat that can make me know more around. Some news also makes me 3 (become) more careful. Sometimes I feel WeChat is like 4 mirror that helps me see something 5 (clear). 6 , WeChat brings me some trouble as well. Some friends put photos of the real things on WeChat to tell they sell is really good. I’m angry about those advertisements because some of them may be not true. As a 7 goes: “Seeing is believing.” I know people are cheated(被欺骗) easily. What’s worse, some news always asks us 8 (send) it to others. This makes me uncomfortable. Friends seem to become enemies(敌人). 9 fact, I am thinking about canceling WeChat on my phone because 10 (use) it too much is bad for my eyes. Passage 2 （22-23八年级上·浙江金华·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The Dubai Mall is a really large area. 1 took people four years to build it. It has an area of 555,600 square meters. It is one of the 2 (big) shopping centers in the world! So 3 you are in this huge shopping mall, you may easily get lost. Also, finding your cars in such a big parking lot can be 4 big problem. Once a woman with heavy shopping bags spent three hours 5 (look) for her car. But she couldn’t find it. So she 6 (drop) the shopping bags and got a taxi home! Maybe you could never imagine how 7 (tired) she was after such a long walk. Later, the Mall decided 8 (use) a computer system to help drivers to find their cars. With cameras on each floor of the car park, the computer can find the car 9 (quick). And a picture of your car with a 10 (map) will show you the right way. Passage 3 （23-24八年级上·浙江杭州·期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内的单词的正确形式。将答案填在答题纸内的相应位置。 Nowadays, WeChat is more and more popular with students. I often talk to my English friends on Wechat to help me speak English 1 (good) than before. And I can read lots of information on Wechat that can make me 2 (know) more around. I feel WeChat is like 3 mirror that helps me see something 4 (clear). However, WeChat brings me some trouble as well. Someone always 5 (put) photos of the real things on WeChat to tell what he sells really good. I am angry about those advertisements (广告) 6 some of them may not be true. As a 7 (say) goes, “seeing is believing.” What’s worse, some news always asks us 8 (show) it to others. This makes me uncomfortable. 9 (friend) seem to become enemies (敌人). In fact, I am thinking about stopping using WeChat on my phone because using it too much is bad 10 my eyes. 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$