内容正文:
编写说明:2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》及历年真题进行编写。本专辑共三大部分27个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是聚焦甘肃省中职升学英语课程考试大纲中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考真题题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。
本专题是2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第8个专题,内容为情态动词。
2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题8 情态动词 知识点精讲(讲+练)
【考点解读】
1.核心考查:
常用情态动词(如 can/may/must/should/will 等)的基本意义及用法;
情态动词表推测的用法(如 must 表 “一定”、may 表 “可能”);
情态动词的特殊用法及固定搭配(如 had better, would rather 等);
情态动词在不同语境中的语义辨析(如 can 与 be able to 的区别)。
2.高频易错点:
情态动词表推测时的语气强弱混淆(如 must 与 may 的误用);
情态动词与时态的搭配错误(如对过去的推测误用 “情态动词 + 动词原形”);
易混淆情态动词的用法差异(如 mustn’t 与 needn’t 的区别);
情态动词的否定形式语义误解(如 can’t 表 “不可能” 而非 “不能”)。
【知识点清单一】情态动词表基本意义的用法及辨析
【要点精讲】
情态动词表基本意义时,主要用于表达能力、许可、义务、意愿、建议等,核心是根据语境选择符合语义的情态动词,避免 “语义错位”。
(一)用法详解(表格 + 例句)
情态动词
基本意义
适用场景
例句
说明
can/could
能,会;可以
表能力、许可(口语)
He can speak English. Could I use your pen?
could 是 can 的过去式,表过去的能力;表请求时比 can 更委婉
may/might
可以;可能
表许可、请求、推测
May I leave early? She might come tomorrow.
might 是 may 的过去式,表许可时语气更委婉,推测时可能性更低
must/have to
必须;不得不
表义务、强制
You must obey the rules. He has to work hard.
must 强调主观义务,have to 强调客观需要;must 无过去式,过去时用 had to
will/would
将;愿意
表意愿、将来;过去习惯性动作
I will help you. He would walk to school before.
would 是 will 的过去式,表过去的意愿或习惯性动作
shall
将要;可以
用于第一人称表将来;征求意见
Shall we go together?
常用于疑问句,表征求对方意见
should
应该
表建议、义务、责任
You should study hard.
强调合理性或道义上的责任
(二)高频易错点辨析
能力表达混淆
❌ 错误:He must swim well when he was young.(表过去的能力用 could)
✅ 正确:He could swim well when he was young.
义务与禁止混淆
❌ 错误:You needn’t smoke here.(禁止吸烟用 mustn’t)
✅ 正确:You mustn’t smoke here.
必要性否定混淆
❌ 错误:—Must I finish it today? —Yes, you needn’t.(must 的否定回答用 needn’t)
✅ 正确:—Must I finish it today? —No, you needn’t.
即时训练
1.You ______ keep quiet in the library.
A. can B. must C. may D. will
2.______ I borrow your dictionary?
—Sure, here you are.
A. Must B. Should C. May D. Will
3.She ______ speak French when she was five.
A. can B. could C. may D. must
4.You ______ follow the traffic rules when driving.
A. can B. must C. may D. will
5.______ I use your umbrella? It's raining outside.
—Of course, here you are.
A. Must B. Should C. May D. Will
6.My grandfather ______ play chess very well when he was young.
A. can B. could C. may D. must
【知识点清单二】情态动词表推测的用法及辨析
【要点精讲】
情态动词表推测时,用于对现在、过去或将来的情况进行判断,核心是根据 “肯定程度” 选择情态动词,避免 “语气错位”。
(一)用法详解(表格 + 例句)
情态动词
推测语气
适用时态
例句
must
肯定(一定)
现在 / 过去
He must be at home.(现在) He must have finished it.(过去)
should/ought to
应该(很可能)
现在 / 将来
They should be here by now.
may/might
可能(或许)
现在 / 过去
She may come tomorrow.(现在 / 将来) He might have seen her.(过去)
can/could
可能(用于否定 / 疑问)
现在 / 过去
He can’t be ill.(现在) Could he have left?(过去)
(二)高频易错点辨析
对过去推测的结构错误
❌ 错误:He must go to Beijing yesterday.(对过去的推测用 “must+have done”)
✅ 正确:He must have gone to Beijing yesterday.
否定推测的情态动词误用
❌ 错误:He may not be at home.(表 “不可能” 用 can’t,may not 表 “可能不”)
✅ 正确:He can’t be at home.(语气肯定)/ He may not be at home.(语气不确定)
即时训练
1.The ground is wet. It ______ rained last night.
A. must B. must have C. may D. may have
—Where is Tom?
2.He ______ in the classroom. I saw him there just now.
A. must be B. can be C. may be D. should be
3.She ______ know the answer, but I’m not sure.
A. must B. may C. can D. should
【知识点清单三】情态动词的特殊用法及固定搭配
【要点精讲】
部分情态动词有特殊用法或固定搭配,核心是记忆固定结构及语义,避免 “搭配错误”。
(一)用法详解(表格 + 例句)
情态动词 / 结构
特殊用法
例句
need
可作情态动词(表 “需要”)或实义动词
Need I go now?(情态动词) He needs to go now.(实义动词)
dare
可作情态动词(表 “敢”)或实义动词
Dare he speak?(情态动词) She dares to sing.(实义动词)
had better
表 “最好”,后接动词原形
You had better hurry up.
would rather
表 “宁愿”,后接动词原形,否定式在 rather 后加 not
I would rather stay at home. He would rather not go.
can’t help doing
表 “忍不住做某事”
She can’t help crying.
(二)高频易错点辨析
need 作情态动词与实义动词混淆
❌ 错误:He need finish the work today.(实义动词后接 to do,情态动词用于否定 / 疑问)
✅ 正确:He needs to finish the work today.(实义动词)/ Need he finish the work today?(情态动词)
had better 的否定形式错误
❌ 错误:You had better not to go.(had better 后接动词原形,否定直接加 not)
✅ 正确:You had better not go.
即时训练
1.You ______ not worry about me. I’m fine.
A. need B. must C. may D. should
2.She ______ rather stay at home than go out on weekends.
A. will B. would C. should D. must
3.You ______ better ask the teacher for help.
A. can B. will C. had D. would
【综合训练】
1.______ I use your phone?
—Yes, please.
A. Must B. May C. Should D. Will
2.He ______ have seen the film before, because he knows the plot very well.
A. must B. may C. can D. should
3.You ______ not park here. It’s dangerous.
A. need B. may C. must D. could
4.She ______ speak English when she was three.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
5.I ______ help laughing when I heard the funny story.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
6.Must we hand in the homework today?
—No, you ______. You can hand it in tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
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编写说明:2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据最新版《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》及历年真题进行编写。本专辑共三大部分27个专题:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是聚焦甘肃省中职升学英语课程考试大纲中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考真题题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义和练习题。
本专题是2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第8个专题,内容为情态动词。
2026版甘肃省(中职升学考试)一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题8 情态动词 知识点精讲(讲+练)
【考点解读】
1.核心考查:
常用情态动词(如 can/may/must/should/will 等)的基本意义及用法;
情态动词表推测的用法(如 must 表 “一定”、may 表 “可能”);
情态动词的特殊用法及固定搭配(如 had better, would rather 等);
情态动词在不同语境中的语义辨析(如 can 与 be able to 的区别)。
2.高频易错点:
情态动词表推测时的语气强弱混淆(如 must 与 may 的误用);
情态动词与时态的搭配错误(如对过去的推测误用 “情态动词 + 动词原形”);
易混淆情态动词的用法差异(如 mustn’t 与 needn’t 的区别);
情态动词的否定形式语义误解(如 can’t 表 “不可能” 而非 “不能”)。
【知识点清单一】情态动词表基本意义的用法及辨析
【要点精讲】
情态动词表基本意义时,主要用于表达能力、许可、义务、意愿、建议等,核心是根据语境选择符合语义的情态动词,避免 “语义错位”。
(一)用法详解(表格 + 例句)
情态动词
基本意义
适用场景
例句
说明
can/could
能,会;可以
表能力、许可(口语)
He can speak English. Could I use your pen?
could 是 can 的过去式,表过去的能力;表请求时比 can 更委婉
may/might
可以;可能
表许可、请求、推测
May I leave early? She might come tomorrow.
might 是 may 的过去式,表许可时语气更委婉,推测时可能性更低
must/have to
必须;不得不
表义务、强制
You must obey the rules. He has to work hard.
must 强调主观义务,have to 强调客观需要;must 无过去式,过去时用 had to
will/would
将;愿意
表意愿、将来;过去习惯性动作
I will help you. He would walk to school before.
would 是 will 的过去式,表过去的意愿或习惯性动作
shall
将要;可以
用于第一人称表将来;征求意见
Shall we go together?
常用于疑问句,表征求对方意见
should
应该
表建议、义务、责任
You should study hard.
强调合理性或道义上的责任
(二)高频易错点辨析
能力表达混淆
❌ 错误:He must swim well when he was young.(表过去的能力用 could)
✅ 正确:He could swim well when he was young.
义务与禁止混淆
❌ 错误:You needn’t smoke here.(禁止吸烟用 mustn’t)
✅ 正确:You mustn’t smoke here.
必要性否定混淆
❌ 错误:—Must I finish it today? —Yes, you needn’t.(must 的否定回答用 needn’t)
✅ 正确:—Must I finish it today? —No, you needn’t.
即时训练
1.You ______ keep quiet in the library.
A. can B. must C. may D. will
【答案】B
【解析】图书馆需要保持安静,是 “必须” 遵守的规则,must 表义务,符合语境。
2.______ I borrow your dictionary?
—Sure, here you are.
A. Must B. Should C. May D. Will
【答案】C
【解析】句意为 “我可以借你的字典吗”,may 表请求许可,语气委婉,符合语境。
3.She ______ speak French when she was five.
A. can B. could C. may D. must
【答案】B
【解析】“when she was five” 表示过去时间,表过去的能力用 could,故选 B。
4. You ______ follow the traffic rules when driving.
A. can B. must C. may D. will
【答案】B
【解析】驾驶时遵守交通规则是必须的义务,must 表 “必须”,符合语境,故选 B。
5.—______ I use your umbrella? It's raining outside.
—Of course, here you are.
A. Must B. Should C. May D. Will
【答案】C
【解析】句意为 “我可以用你的伞吗”,may 用于请求许可,语气委婉,符合语境,故选 C。
6.My grandfather ______ play chess very well when he was young.
A. can B. could C. may D. must
【答案】B
【解析】“when he was young” 表明是过去的时间,表过去的能力用 could,故选 B。
【知识点清单二】情态动词表推测的用法及辨析
【要点精讲】
情态动词表推测时,用于对现在、过去或将来的情况进行判断,核心是根据 “肯定程度” 选择情态动词,避免 “语气错位”。
(一)用法详解(表格 + 例句)
情态动词
推测语气
适用时态
例句
must
肯定(一定)
现在 / 过去
He must be at home.(现在) He must have finished it.(过去)
should/ought to
应该(很可能)
现在 / 将来
They should be here by now.
may/might
可能(或许)
现在 / 过去
She may come tomorrow.(现在 / 将来) He might have seen her.(过去)
can/could
可能(用于否定 / 疑问)
现在 / 过去
He can’t be ill.(现在) Could he have left?(过去)
(二)高频易错点辨析
对过去推测的结构错误
❌ 错误:He must go to Beijing yesterday.(对过去的推测用 “must+have done”)
✅ 正确:He must have gone to Beijing yesterday.
否定推测的情态动词误用
❌ 错误:He may not be at home.(表 “不可能” 用 can’t,may not 表 “可能不”)
✅ 正确:He can’t be at home.(语气肯定)/ He may not be at home.(语气不确定)
即时训练
1.The ground is wet. It ______ rained last night.
A. must B. must have C. may D. may have
【答案】B
【解析】“last night” 表示过去时间,地面湿推测 “一定下过雨”,用 “must+have done”,故选 B。
2.Where is Tom?
He ______ in the classroom. I saw him there just now.
A. must be B. can be C. may be D. should be
【答案】A
【解析】“刚才看到他在教室” 说明 “一定在教室”,表肯定推测用 must be,故选 A。
3.She ______ know the answer, but I’m not sure.
A. must B. may C. can D. should
【答案】B
【解析】“but I’m not sure” 表示不确定的推测,may 表 “可能”,符合语境,故选 B。
【知识点清单三】情态动词的特殊用法及固定搭配
【要点精讲】
部分情态动词有特殊用法或固定搭配,核心是记忆固定结构及语义,避免 “搭配错误”。
(一)用法详解(表格 + 例句)
情态动词 / 结构
特殊用法
例句
need
可作情态动词(表 “需要”)或实义动词
Need I go now?(情态动词) He needs to go now.(实义动词)
dare
可作情态动词(表 “敢”)或实义动词
Dare he speak?(情态动词) She dares to sing.(实义动词)
had better
表 “最好”,后接动词原形
You had better hurry up.
would rather
表 “宁愿”,后接动词原形,否定式在 rather 后加 not
I would rather stay at home. He would rather not go.
can’t help doing
表 “忍不住做某事”
She can’t help crying.
(二)高频易错点辨析
need 作情态动词与实义动词混淆
❌ 错误:He need finish the work today.(实义动词后接 to do,情态动词用于否定 / 疑问)
✅ 正确:He needs to finish the work today.(实义动词)/ Need he finish the work today?(情态动词)
had better 的否定形式错误
❌ 错误:You had better not to go.(had better 后接动词原形,否定直接加 not)
✅ 正确:You had better not go.
即时训练
1.You ______ not worry about me. I’m fine.
A. need B. must C. may D. should
【答案】A
【解析】句意为 “你不必担心我”,need 表 “需要”,need not 表 “不必”,符合语境,故选 A。
2.She ______ rather stay at home than go out on weekends.
A. will B. would C. should D. must
【答案】B
【解析】“would rather...than...” 是固定搭配,表 “宁愿…… 而不愿……”,故选 B。
3.You ______ better ask the teacher for help.
A. can B. will C. had D. would
【答案】C
【解析】“had better” 是固定结构,表 “最好”,故选 C。
【综合训练】
1.______ I use your phone?
—Yes, please.
A. Must B. May C. Should D. Will
【答案】B
【解析】表请求许可用 may,语气委婉,故选 B。
2.He ______ have seen the film before, because he knows the plot very well.
A. must B. may C. can D. should
【答案】A
【解析】“知道剧情” 推测 “一定看过电影”,对过去的肯定推测用 must have done,故选 A。
3.You ______ not park here. It’s dangerous.
A. need B. may C. must D. could
【答案】C
【解析】表 “禁止” 用 mustn’t,句意为 “禁止在此停车”,故选 C。
4.She ______ speak English when she was three.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
【答案】B
【解析】“when she was three” 表过去,can 的过去式 could 表过去的能力,故选 B。
5.I ______ help laughing when I heard the funny story.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】B
【解析】“can’t help laughing” 表 “忍不住笑”,由 heard 可知用过去式 couldn’t,故选 B。
6.Must we hand in the homework today?
—No, you ______. You can hand it in tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】B
【解析】must 的否定回答用 needn’t(不必),mustn’t 表 “禁止”,故选 B。
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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