Unit 7 The natural world 动词&基本句型（II）-【简语法-单元重点语法精练】英语八年级上册（译林版2024）

单元核心语法·精练 Unit 7 The natural world （动词&基本句型（II）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、双宾语及句型（S+V+O+O） 用法介绍 部分及物动词后可接两个宾语：指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，构成 “主谓双宾” 句型。间接宾语可转换为 “to/for + 间接宾语” 结构，具体用 to 还是 for 取决于动词。 动词类型 句型结构 转换形式 示例 接 to 的动词（表 “给予”） 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语 He gave me a gift. = He gave a gift to me.（他给了我一份礼物。） 接 for 的动词（表 “为了”） 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 动词 + 直接宾语 + for + 间接宾语 I bought her a book. = I bought a book for her.（我给她买了一本书。） Mom made me a cake. = Mom made a cake for me.（妈妈给我做了一个蛋糕。） 注意事项 1. to 与 for 的固定搭配：接 to 的动词多表 “传递”（如 give, teach, show）；接 for 的动词多表 “制作、购买”（如 buy, make, cook），不可混用（如错误：He bought a pen to me. 正确：He bought a pen for me.）。 2. 间接宾语为代词时：通常保留双宾语结构，不转换（如方便：She passed him the salt. 不便：She passed the salt to him.）。 二、宾语补足语及句型（S+V+O+C） 用法介绍 宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的状态或动作，构成 “主谓宾补” 句型，可由形容词、名词、动词 - ing 形式、不定式等充当。 宾补类型 示例 形容词作宾补 We keep the room clean.（我们保持房间干净。） 名词作宾补 They call him Tom.（他们叫他汤姆。） 动词 - ing 形式作宾补 I saw her dancing.（我看见她在跳舞。） 过去分词作宾补 We had the car repaired.（我们找人修了车。） 不定式作宾补 He asked me to wait.（他让我等。）（注：部分动词后不定式省略 to，如 let, make） 注意事项 1. 宾语与宾补的逻辑关系：宾补是宾语的状态或动作（如 “her” 是 “dancing” 的发出者，“car” 是 “repaired” 的承受者）。 2. 感官动词的宾补：see, watch 等感官动词后接动词 - ing 表 “动作正在进行”，接不带 to 的不定式表 “动作全过程”（如 I saw her cross the road.（我看见她过马路了。→全过程） vs. I saw her crossing the road.（我看见她正在过马路。→进行中））。 三、并列连词（and, but, or, so） 用法介绍 并列连词用于连接单词、短语或句子，表达并列、转折、选择或因果关系。 连词 含义 示例 and 和，又（并列） She likes singing and dancing.（她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。） but 但是（转折） He is short but strong.（他个子矮但强壮。） or 或者（选择） Would you like tea or coffee?（你要茶还是咖啡？） 否则（否定条件） Hurry up, or you’ll be late.（快点，否则你会迟到。） so 所以（因果） It rained, so we stayed at home.（下雨了，所以我们待在了家里。） 注意事项 1. so 与 because 不连用：because 表原因，so 表结果，两者不可同时出现在句中（如错误：Because he was ill, so he didn’t go. 正确：He was ill, so he didn’t go. / Because he was ill, he didn’t go.）。 2. 否定句中的并列：否定句中用 or 连接并列成分，不用 and（如错误：I don’t like apples and bananas. 正确：I don’t like apples or bananas.）。 3. 祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句：可表条件（如 Work hard, and you’ll succeed.（努力工作，你就会成功。））。 一、单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）The sentence structure of “My mum cooked me a nice meal yesterday.” is________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 2．（24-25八年级上·江苏泰州·期末）Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “She bought her son some books about DIY.”? A．The news made all of us sad. B．The children are reading some magazines. C．Mr. Li is teaching us an English song. D．Tom felt really tired out after a hard day’s work. 3．（24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期末）Which sentence has the same structure as “Hobo brought Eddie his clothes.”? A．The clouds became dark. B．Eddie is watching Hobo work. C．My father bought me a nice bag. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 4．（24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Which of the sentences follows the structure “S+V+IO+DO”? A．The temperature drops. B．He got hurt in an accident. C．My parents bought me a nice gift. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball. 5．（24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期末）Which of the following has the same sentence structure (结构) as “He bought his daughter a toy cat”? A．He felt tired after the long walk. B．He cleans his room every day. C．The bad news made him unhappy. D．He sent me a Christmas card. 6．（23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Which of the following has the same sentence structure with “He bought his son a toy ship.”? A．He felt tired after the long walk. B．He cleans his room every day. C．The bad news made him unhappy. D．He sent me a Christmas card. 7．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Which of the following sentences follows the structure of “S+V+IO+DO”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．Sandy’s mum bought her a new hat. C．I found him very interesting. D．Tommy does some reading every day. 8．（23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·期末）Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream.”? A．Spring is warm and sunny. B．I will buy my mother a present. C．We keep our classroom clean. D．Butterflies play among flowers. 9．（23-24八年级上·江苏南京·期末）Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Miss Li teaches us English.”? A．Miss Li works hard all the time. B．Miss Li tells us stories in class. C．Miss Li asks us to work for our dreams. D．Miss Li is the best teacher in my heart. 10．（24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期末）Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “We found the beds very comfortable”? A．The boy built his little brother a big tent. B．The sun was shining brightly. C．Sandy is watching her father work. D．His voice sounded strange. 11．（24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）In the sentence “We call the little girl Sandy.” the underlined part is ________. A．IO B．DO C．OC D．P 12．（24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期末）Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I find English very interesting.”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．People like flying kites on spring days. C．My parents gave me nice presents. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 13．（24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Which has the same sentence structure as “The news made all of us excited.”? A．Children like flying kites. B．It often rains in spring. C．We can see people make snowmen. D．Autumn leaves turn brown. 14．（24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “I find the book interesting.”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．We should keep our classroom clean. C．The children finally found the lost dog. D．Jogging brings the man much happiness. 15．（24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期末）Which of the sentences has the same structure as “We find the film interesting.”? A．He looks tired. B．What did she give you? C．Music makes me happy. D．The boy fell from his bike just now. 二、连词成句。 1. （23-24八年级上·河北保定·期末）lady,  me,  the,  a,  way,  showed . 2. （23-24八年级上·河北张家口·期末）some advice, me, you, give, can ? 3. （23-24八年级上·河北廊坊·期末）a, got, his mother, new wallet, him . 4. （22-23八年级上·河北衡水·期末）make, to, easily, don’t, others, promises (.) . 5. （22-23八年级上·广东茂名·期末）cake, made, me, a, yesterday, Jane . 6. （21-22八年级上·河北石家庄·期末）everyone, to, gave, best wishes, him . 7. （22-23八年级上·河北邯郸·期末）makes, relaxed, the, me, music . 8. （22-23八年级上·江苏徐州·期中）wrong I the spelling kept words . 9. （22-23八年级上·河北石家庄·单元测试）the, lay out, me, she, fruit, helps . 10. （21-22八年级上·广东深圳·期中）people, a, life, better, help, they, live . 三、语法选择 Passage 1 （23-24八年级上·广东惠州·期末）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案， 并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Ya Ya, the panda born in Beijing Zoo, travelled to the Memphis Zoo in the US in April 2003. At first, the zoo 1 to keep Ya Ya for ten years. However, in 2013, the zoo hoped that YaYa could stay for another ten years. And it would return Ya Ya 2 China in April, 2023. On the morning of April 8, 2023, the Memphis Zoo held a party for Ya Ya to wish 3 a safe trip home. It also celebrated the 20-year friendship 4 the Memphis Zoo and the Chinese Association of Zoological Gardens(中国动物园协会). Ya Ya arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport 5 on the afternoon of April 27. Actually, “panda diplomacy(外交)” 6 a long history of about 1,400 years. It is good for us 7 friendships with other countries. By doing this, we can also show our culture 8 than before. The panda not only is deeply loved by Chinese people, but also wins the heart of the world with its cute and special look, so it can catch the 9 attention and interest in the culture of China. What’s more, the panda is also one of 10 symbols of WWF. “Panda diplomacy” not only is good for us to show Chinese culture, but also helps people to pay more attention to animal protection. 1. A．plan B．plans C．planned 2. A．to B．for C．from 3. A．she B．her C．hers 4. A．among B．during C．between 5. A．safe B．safely C．safety 6. A．has B．had C．have 7. A．build B．to build C．building 8. A．well B．better C．best 9. A．world B．worlds C．world’s 10. A．a B．/ C．the Passage 2 （23-24八年级上·重庆长寿·期末）根据短文内容，从A、B、C、三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑． Elephants are big! They are the 1 animals that live on land. They have long noses. They have big ears that are like fans. 2 skin is gray-black. They have some short hairs 3 their backs and tails. What Elephants Eat Elephants must 4 most of the day to get the amount of food they need. They eat 5 and leaves. 6 elephant must drink lots of water, too.  An Elephant’s Nose An elephant’s nose 7 many uses. It is used to pick up food. 8 the food is put into the elephant’s mouth. Elephants 9 use their noses to greet each other. Elephant Babies An elephant baby is very big. The newborn elephants 10 milk from its mother and the mother will feed (喂养) her baby for two years. After a few months, the baby will also eat plants. 1. A．big B．bigger C．biggest 2. A．They B．Them C．Their 3. A．in B．on C．at 4. A．eat B．eating C．to eat 5. A．grass B．grasses C．grasses’ 6. A．A B．An C．The 7. A．have B．had C．has 8. A．But B．Or C．Then 9. A．also B．too C．or 10. A．drank B．will drink C．is drinking Passage 3 （22-23八年级上·广东汕头·期末）在每小题所给的三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Once upon a time, there lived a farmer. He grew very good corn. Every year, he would take part in the state farmers' fair and win 1 first prize for his corn. The farmer’s story reached the ears of a reporter. The reporter asked the farmer 2 he grew his corn and learned something interesting about it —the farmer shared his 3 corn seeds (种子) with his neighbors. “There are competitions 4 you and your neighbors. Why do you do that when some of their corn 5 be as good as yours?” the reporter asked. “The wind picks up pollen (花粉) from the corn and carries it from field to field. If my 6 corn is not so good, it will make my corn bad. If I want to grow good corn, I must help them 7 their corn, too,” said the farmer. So it is with our lives: If you 8 to live in peace, you must help others around you to live in peace. By helping others, you help 9 . So, do not be afraid to share your experience and good ideas with others. You will be 10 that people around you will be willing to help you out in return. 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．how B．why C．when 3. A．nicer B．nicest C．the nicest 4. A．between B．below C．behind 5. A．need B．should C．might 6. A．neighbor B．neighbors C．neighbors’ 7. A．improve B．improved C．improving 8. A．choose B．are choosing C．will choose 9. A．you B．your C．yourself 10. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·福建福州·期末）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 What will our world be like if there are no insects? Maybe it will give you much pleasure when there are no bad insects in your everyday life. 1 this could cause many problems in fact. The number of insects keeps down these years. There are also 2 (little) places for insects to live in than before. It 3 (become) a worrying natural problem now. What will happen if all insects die out? I think it will be 4 (real) serious. We need insects to break down(分解) 5 (die) plants and animals and turn them into new things. It provides us 6 the healthy soil (土壤). Besides, insects are food for lots of animals. The animals will be hungry or die without 7 (they). Then what should we do? The scientists spend lots of time 8 (search) for better ways to control the terrible situation. One of the 9 (suggestion) is that people can understand nature and change their ideas about insects as soon as possible. As students, we should protect our mother nature at 10 early age and begins in small ways. Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·湖北武汉·期末）阅读下面短文，根据上下文、所给首字母或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词。 Imagine you are on a space trip. But along the way, your spacecraft (飞船) has some 1 (problem). Now, you have to stay at the space station, 2 (wait) for someone to come and bring you back home. This is not the 3 (begin) of a science fiction movie. This is what two US astronauts are facing right now. Astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams have been stuck (被困住) in space since June. They won’t be back 4 February 2025. During this long stay, they don’t feel 5 (bore). They’ve been busy 6 tasks at the space station. They check the system to keep the station in good shape and analyze data (分析数据) to make sure everything runs 7 (smooth). They also spend their time doing many science studies, such as growing plants in outer space, which 8 (help) us learn how to live and work in space 9 (long). In February 2025, US company SpaceX will send 10 (it) Dragon spacecraft to bring the two astronauts back to Earth. Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·湖北武汉·期末）Water has great importance in Chinese culture. For a long time, water has been given deep meanings to 1 (education) people and rule the country. Confucius (孔子) thought water had many nice qualities. People should learn from it and improve 2 (they). The meanings behind water also made Chinese rulers follow the rules of nature and listen to the voice of people. Believed to be the beginning of all life, water also 3 (give) us life like a gentle mother. It’s impossible for our human beings to live 4 water. However, the way people and water getting along has two sides. In history, floods (洪水) brought big problems to people. Every time floods hit a village, houses fell down and hundreds of people became 5 (home). To solve the problem, Chinese people had always tried their best. For example, Yu, the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty, organized his people and 6 (dig) the waterways so that the water could easily go into the sea. Today, the want of more fresh water is another serious problem. Although almost three 7 (quarter) of the earth is covered with water, most of it couldn’t be drunk directly. There are still factories 8 (pollute) rivers and lakes, which makes things even worse. Let’s start 9 it’s too late! I believe if we take action in time, we can 10 (possible) make a difference. I really hope we can live in peace with the environment. Passage 4 （24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期末）Boys and girls, have you ever heard of the saying “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” Spring is a fine season. It lights up 1 (people) feelings and brings us hope. When you enjoy yourself in the warm spring wind, what comes into your mind? Let’s see what poets Meng Haoran and William Blake 2 (write) about spring long ago. A Spring Morning (by Meng Haoran) This spring morning in bed I’m lying, After one night of wind and showers, Not to awake till birds are crying. How many are the fallen flowers! Spring (by William Blake, UK)Sound the flute, now it’s mute. Little boy, full of joy; Bird’s delight, day and night; Little girl, sweet and small; Nightingale, in the dale; Cock does crow, so do you; Lark in sky, merrily; Merry voice, infant noise; Merrily, merrily to welcome in the year. Merrily, merrily to welcome in the year. The first poem may be one of 3 (famous) poems about spring in China. It’s so simple that people can 4 (easy) remember it. The poet doesn’t say how much he loves spring. Instead, he writes that the birds are singing, the wind is blowing and the flowers 5 (fall) down. The way he talks about these things shows us the 6 (happy) during springtime. Instead of talking about the bright colours of flowers, Meng writes about the sounds of spring. He hears birds singing in the morning and remembers the sounds of the wind and rain at night. Writing about these sounds lets 7 (read) feel the beauty of spring. William Blake’s poem celebrates the coming of spring as a way 8 (bring) us joy. As spring comes, nature jumps into a new life. This means the 9 (begin) of the new year. The birds in the poem are joyful day and night. It seems that the boys and girls speak of all the things so 10 (active). Through “merrily”, the poet shows how happy he and others are to welcome spring. As you are reading this article, spring is on the way. 9 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$单元核心语法·精练 Unit 7 The natural world （动词&基本句型（II）） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、双宾语及句型（S+V+O+O） 用法介绍 部分及物动词后可接两个宾语：指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，构成 “主谓双宾” 句型。间接宾语可转换为 “to/for + 间接宾语” 结构，具体用 to 还是 for 取决于动词。 动词类型 句型结构 转换形式 示例 接 to 的动词（表 “给予”） 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语 He gave me a gift. = He gave a gift to me.（他给了我一份礼物。） 接 for 的动词（表 “为了”） 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 动词 + 直接宾语 + for + 间接宾语 I bought her a book. = I bought a book for her.（我给她买了一本书。） Mom made me a cake. = Mom made a cake for me.（妈妈给我做了一个蛋糕。） 注意事项 1. to 与 for 的固定搭配：接 to 的动词多表 “传递”（如 give, teach, show）；接 for 的动词多表 “制作、购买”（如 buy, make, cook），不可混用（如错误：He bought a pen to me. 正确：He bought a pen for me.）。 2. 间接宾语为代词时：通常保留双宾语结构，不转换（如方便：She passed him the salt. 不便：She passed the salt to him.）。 二、宾语补足语及句型（S+V+O+C） 用法介绍 宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的状态或动作，构成 “主谓宾补” 句型，可由形容词、名词、动词 - ing 形式、不定式等充当。 宾补类型 示例 形容词作宾补 We keep the room clean.（我们保持房间干净。） 名词作宾补 They call him Tom.（他们叫他汤姆。） 动词 - ing 形式作宾补 I saw her dancing.（我看见她在跳舞。） 过去分词作宾补 We had the car repaired.（我们找人修了车。） 不定式作宾补 He asked me to wait.（他让我等。）（注：部分动词后不定式省略 to，如 let, make） 注意事项 1. 宾语与宾补的逻辑关系：宾补是宾语的状态或动作（如 “her” 是 “dancing” 的发出者，“car” 是 “repaired” 的承受者）。 2. 感官动词的宾补：see, watch 等感官动词后接动词 - ing 表 “动作正在进行”，接不带 to 的不定式表 “动作全过程”（如 I saw her cross the road.（我看见她过马路了。→全过程） vs. I saw her crossing the road.（我看见她正在过马路。→进行中））。 三、并列连词（and, but, or, so） 用法介绍 并列连词用于连接单词、短语或句子，表达并列、转折、选择或因果关系。 连词 含义 示例 and 和，又（并列） She likes singing and dancing.（她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。） but 但是（转折） He is short but strong.（他个子矮但强壮。） or 或者（选择） Would you like tea or coffee?（你要茶还是咖啡？） 否则（否定条件） Hurry up, or you’ll be late.（快点，否则你会迟到。） so 所以（因果） It rained, so we stayed at home.（下雨了，所以我们待在了家里。） 注意事项 1. so 与 because 不连用：because 表原因，so 表结果，两者不可同时出现在句中（如错误：Because he was ill, so he didn’t go. 正确：He was ill, so he didn’t go. / Because he was ill, he didn’t go.）。 2. 否定句中的并列：否定句中用 or 连接并列成分，不用 and（如错误：I don’t like apples and bananas. 正确：I don’t like apples or bananas.）。 3. 祈使句 + and/or + 陈述句：可表条件（如 Work hard, and you’ll succeed.（努力工作，你就会成功。））。 一、单项选择 1．（24-25八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）The sentence structure of “My mum cooked me a nice meal yesterday.” is________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“My mum cooked me a nice meal yesterday.”的句子结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。 考查句子结构。分析句子可知，my mum是主语S，cooked是谓语V，me是间接宾语IO，a nice meal是直接宾语DO，所以句子结构是S+V+IO+DO。故选D。 2．（24-25八年级上·江苏泰州·期末）Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “She bought her son some books about DIY.”? A．The news made all of us sad. B．The children are reading some magazines. C．Mr. Li is teaching us an English song. D．Tom felt really tired out after a hard day’s work. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：以下哪一个句子结构与“他给儿子买了一些关于DIY的书。”相同？ 考查句子结构。The news made all of us sad.这消息使我们大家都很伤心，主+谓+宾补；The children are reading some magazines.孩子们正在读一些杂志，主+谓+宾；Mr. Li is teaching us an English song.李老师正在教我们一首英语歌曲，主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；Tom felt really tired out after a hard day’s work.经过一天的辛苦工作汤姆感到很累，主+系+表+状。所给句子“She bought her son some books about DIY.”中，She作主语；bought作谓语；her son作间接宾语；some books作直接宾语；about DIY关于DIY作状语。因此与C选项结构相同。故选C。 3．（24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期末）Which sentence has the same structure as “Hobo brought Eddie his clothes.”? A．The clouds became dark. B．Eddie is watching Hobo work. C．My father bought me a nice bag. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：哪个句子的结构与“Hobo brought Eddie his clothes.”相同？ 考查句子结构。“Hobo brought Eddie his clothes.”是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构，其中“Eddie”为间接宾语，“his clothes”为直接宾语。选项C“My father bought me a nice bag.”也采用了相同句型结构即“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”，其中“me”为间接宾语，“a nice bag”为直接宾语。故选C。 4．（24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Which of the sentences follows the structure “S+V+IO+DO”? A．The temperature drops. B．He got hurt in an accident. C．My parents bought me a nice gift. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下边哪一个句子符合“主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”的结构？ 考查句子结构。The temperature drops.主+谓；He got hurt in an accident.主+谓+状；My parents bought me a nice gift.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；I saw some kids kicking the ball.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。因此，C选项的句子符合“主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”的结构。故选C。 5．（24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期末）Which of the following has the same sentence structure (结构) as “He bought his daughter a toy cat”? A．He felt tired after the long walk. B．He cleans his room every day. C．The bad news made him unhappy. D．He sent me a Christmas card. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪一句和“He bought his daughter a toy cat”句子的结构相同？ 考查句子结构。He felt tired after the long walk.是主系表结构；He cleans his room every day.是主谓宾结构；The bad news made him unhappy.是主谓宾+宾补结构；He sent me a Christmas card.是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。根据“He bought his daughter a toy cat.”可知，此句结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”，故选D。 6．（23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Which of the following has the same sentence structure with “He bought his son a toy ship.”? A．He felt tired after the long walk. B．He cleans his room every day. C．The bad news made him unhappy. D．He sent me a Christmas card. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪一句和“He bought his son a toy ship.”的句子结构相同？ 考查句子结构。He felt tired after the long walk.主系表结构；He cleans his room every day.主谓宾结构；The bad news made him unhappy.主谓宾+宾补结构；He sent me a Christmas card.主谓+双宾语结构（间接宾语+直接宾语）。根据“He bought his son a toy ship.”可知此句的结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”，故选D。 7．（23-24八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）Which of the following sentences follows the structure of “S+V+IO+DO”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．Sandy’s mum bought her a new hat. C．I found him very interesting. D．Tommy does some reading every day. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：以下句子哪个是“主+谓+间宾+直宾”的结构？ 考查句型结构。Autumn leaves turn brown.主+系+表；Sandy’s mum bought her a new hat.主+谓+间宾+直宾；I found him very interesting.主+谓+宾+宾补；Tommy does some reading every day.主+谓+宾+状。故选B。 8．（23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·期末）Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream.”? A．Spring is warm and sunny. B．I will buy my mother a present. C．We keep our classroom clean. D．Butterflies play among flowers. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下列哪一个句子的结构与“Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream.”相同？ 考查句子结构。Spring is warm and sunny.(主+系+表)；I will buy my mother a present.(主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语)；We keep our classroom clean.(主+谓+宾+宾语补足语)；Butterflies play among flowers.(主+谓+状语)。题干中“Hobo gave Eddie some ice cream.”是“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构，与B项结构相同。故选B。 9．（23-24八年级上·江苏南京·期末）Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “Miss Li teaches us English.”? A．Miss Li works hard all the time. B．Miss Li tells us stories in class. C．Miss Li asks us to work for our dreams. D．Miss Li is the best teacher in my heart. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下列哪一个句子的结构与“Miss Li teaches us English.”相同？ 考查句子结构。Miss Li works hard all the time.主+谓；Miss Li tells us stories in class.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；Miss Li asks us to work for our dreams.主+谓+宾+宾语补足语；Miss Li is the best teacher in my heart.主+系+表。“Miss Li teaches us English.”是“主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构，故选B。 10．（24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期末）Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “We found the beds very comfortable”? A．The boy built his little brother a big tent. B．The sun was shining brightly. C．Sandy is watching her father work. D．His voice sounded strange. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：以下哪一项与“We found the beds very comfortable”的句子结构相同？ 考查基本句型。The boy built his little brother a big tent的句子结构为“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”；The sun was shining brightly的句子结构为“主语+谓语”；Sandy is watching her father work的句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”；His voice sounded strange的句子结构为“主语+系动词+表语”。“We found the beds very comfortable的句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”，C项符合。故选C。 11．（24-25八年级上·江苏扬州·期末）In the sentence “We call the little girl Sandy.” the underlined part is ________. A．IO B．DO C．OC D．P 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在句子“我们叫这个小女孩桑迪。”中，画线部分是宾语补足语。 考查句子成分。IO间接宾语；DO直接宾语；OC宾语补足语；P表语。分析句子结构，句子“We call the little girl Sandy.”是采用了“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的句型，Sandy是宾语补足语。故选C。 12．（24-25八年级上·江苏南京·期末）Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I find English very interesting.”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．People like flying kites on spring days. C．My parents gave me nice presents. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：以下哪一项与“I find English very interesting.”的句子结构相同？ 考查句子结构。Autumn leaves turn brown，“主语+系动词+表语”结构；People like flying kites on spring days，“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”结构；My parents gave me nice presents，“主语+谓语+间宾+直宾”结构；I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park，“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构。I find English very interesting的句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”，D项符合。故选D。 13．（24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Which has the same sentence structure as “The news made all of us excited.”? A．Children like flying kites. B．It often rains in spring. C．We can see people make snowmen. D．Autumn leaves turn brown. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：哪个句子结构与“这个消息让我们都很兴奋”相同？ 考查句子结构。Children like flying kites.句子结构为主+谓+宾；It often rains in spring.句子结构为主+谓+时间状语；We can see people make snowmen.句子结构为主+谓+宾+宾补；Autumn leaves turn brown.‌句子结构为主+系+表。The news made all of us excited.句子结构为主+谓+宾+宾补。故选C。 14．（24-25八年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “I find the book interesting.”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．We should keep our classroom clean. C．The children finally found the lost dog. D．Jogging brings the man much happiness. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子的结构与“I find the book interesting.”相同？ 考查句子结构。I find the book interesting. 是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，其中the book是宾语，interesting是宾语补足语。Autumn leaves turn brown.是“主语+连系动词+表语”；We should keep our classroom clean.是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构；The children finally found the lost dog.是“主语+谓语+宾语”结构；Jogging brings the man much happiness.是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构。故选B。 15．（24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期末）Which of the sentences has the same structure as “We find the film interesting.”? A．He looks tired. B．What did she give you? C．Music makes me happy. D．The boy fell from his bike just now. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子的结构与“We find the film interesting.”相同？ 考查句子结构。He looks tired.是“主语+系动词+表语”结构；What did she give you?，特殊疑问句，是“主语+谓语+双宾”结构；Music makes me happy.是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构；The boy fell from his bike just now.是“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”结构。We find the film interesting.是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构，所以C项正确。故选C。 二、连词成句。 1. （23-24八年级上·河北保定·期末）lady,  me,  the,  a,  way,  showed . 【答案】A lady showed me the way 【详解】根据所给出的标点符号可知该句是一个陈述句。A lady一位女士，是主语；showed指向，是动词，作谓语；me我，作间接宾语；the way道路，作直接宾语。故答案为：A lady showed me the way“一位女士给我指了路”。 2. （23-24八年级上·河北张家口·期末）some advice, me, you, give, can ? 【答案】Can you give me some advice 【详解】根据所给单词和标点提示可知，应用一般疑问句形式。can为情态动词，位于句首，首字母应大写；you作主语；give作谓语；me作间接宾语；some advice作直接宾语。故填Can you give me some advice“你能给我一些建议吗”。 3. （23-24八年级上·河北廊坊·期末）a, got, his mother, new wallet, him . 【答案】His mother got him a new wallet 【详解】根据所给标点可知，本句是陈述句。his mother作主语；got作谓语；him作间接宾语；a new wallet作直接宾语。故填His mother got him a new wallet“他妈妈给他买了一个新钱包”。 4. （22-23八年级上·河北衡水·期末）make, to, easily, don’t, others, promises (.) . 【答案】Don’t make promises to others easily 【详解】根据所给的词和标点可知，此句为否定祈使句。本句中，否定祈使句以Don’t开头，后跟动词原；make作谓语；promises作直接宾语； to介词；others作间接宾语；easily副词，作状语。故填Don’t make promises to others easily“不要轻易对别人做出承诺”。 5. （22-23八年级上·广东茂名·期末）cake, made, me, a, yesterday, Jane . 【答案】Jane made me a cake yesterday 【详解】由标点可知，该句为陈述句。分析所给单词可住，Jane作主语；made“制作”，作谓语动词，make sb. sth.表示“为某人做某物”；me“我”，作间接宾语；a cake“一个蛋糕”，作直接宾语，yesterday“昨天”，作时间状语，时态为一般过去时。故填Jane made me a cake yesterday“昨天Jane给我做了一个蛋糕”。 6. （21-22八年级上·河北石家庄·期末）everyone, to, gave, best wishes, him . 【答案】Everyone gave best wishes to him 【详解】根据末尾句号可知本句是陈述句，主语是everyone，谓语动词是gave，直接宾语是best wishes，间接宾语是him，结合句型give sth. to sb.，故答案为Everyone gave best wishes to him“每个人都给他最美好的祝愿”。 7. （22-23八年级上·河北邯郸·期末）makes, relaxed, the, me, music . 【答案】The music makes me relaxed 【详解】根据所给标点可知应为陈述句，分析所给单词可知，the music作主语；makes作谓语；me作宾语；relaxed作宾语补足语。故填The music makes me relaxed“音乐让我放松”。 8. （22-23八年级上·江苏徐州·期中）wrong I the spelling kept words . 【答案】I kept spelling the words wrong 【详解】根据标点可知是陈述句。主语为I；谓语动词kept用法为：keep doing sth.“一直做某事……”，宾语为spelling the words“拼写单词”，wrong“错误的”，形容词作宾语补足语。故答案为：I kept spelling the words wrong“我一直把单词拼错”。 9. （22-23八年级上·河北石家庄·单元测试）the, lay out, me, she, fruit, helps . 【答案】She helps me lay out the fruit 【详解】根据标点可知，该句为陈述句；分析所给单词，she作主语，helps作谓语，me作宾语；由help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”可知，lay out the fruit作宾补。故填She helps me lay out the fruit“她帮我摆好水果”。 10. （21-22八年级上·广东深圳·期中）people, a, life, better, help, they, live . 【答案】They help people live a better life 【详解】人称代词主格they在句中作主语；help作谓语；people作宾语；help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”；live a better life“过上更好的生活”，作宾语补足语。故填They help people live a better life“他们帮助人们过上更好的生活”。 三、语法选择 Passage 1 （23-24八年级上·广东惠州·期末）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案， 并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Ya Ya, the panda born in Beijing Zoo, travelled to the Memphis Zoo in the US in April 2003. At first, the zoo 1 to keep Ya Ya for ten years. However, in 2013, the zoo hoped that YaYa could stay for another ten years. And it would return Ya Ya 2 China in April, 2023. On the morning of April 8, 2023, the Memphis Zoo held a party for Ya Ya to wish 3 a safe trip home. It also celebrated the 20-year friendship 4 the Memphis Zoo and the Chinese Association of Zoological Gardens(中国动物园协会). Ya Ya arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport 5 on the afternoon of April 27. Actually, “panda diplomacy(外交)” 6 a long history of about 1,400 years. It is good for us 7 friendships with other countries. By doing this, we can also show our culture 8 than before. The panda not only is deeply loved by Chinese people, but also wins the heart of the world with its cute and special look, so it can catch the 9 attention and interest in the culture of China. What’s more, the panda is also one of 10 symbols of WWF. “Panda diplomacy” not only is good for us to show Chinese culture, but also helps people to pay more attention to animal protection. 1. A．plan B．plans C．planned 2. A．to B．for C．from 3. A．she B．her C．hers 4. A．among B．during C．between 5. A．safe B．safely C．safety 6. A．has B．had C．have 7. A．build B．to build C．building 8. A．well B．better C．best 9. A．world B．worlds C．world’s 10. A．a B．/ C．the 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大熊猫丫丫在美国生活了20年后回到中国。“熊猫外交”不仅显示中国文化，而且还代表着动物保护。 1. 句意：起初，这个动物园计划养丫丫十年。 plan计划(动词原形)；plans计划(第三人称单数)；planned计划(过去式)。根据后句“However, in 2013, the zoo hoped that YaYa could stay for another ten years.”可知，这里的时态是一般过去时，故动词用过去式。故选C。 2. 句意：它将于2023年4月返回中国。 to向；for为了； from从。return to表示“返还”，固定搭配。故选A。 3. 句意：2023年4月8日上午，孟菲斯动物园为丫丫举办了一场派对，祝她能安全回家。 she她；her她的(形容词性物主代词)，她(宾格)；hers她的(名词性物主代词)。根据wish可知，后面缺宾语，her表示“她”。故选B。 4. 句意：它还庆祝了孟菲斯动物园和中国动物园协会之间20年的友谊。 among在……中； during在……期间； between在……之间。 between…and表示“在……之间”，固定搭配。故选C。 5. 句意：4月27日下午丫丫安全抵达上海浦东国际机场。 safe安全的；safely安全地；safety安全。分析句子可知，空格处修饰arrive，用副词safely。故选B。 6. 句意：实际上，“熊猫外交”有大约1400年的悠久历史。 has有(第三人称单数)；had有(过去式)；have有(动词原形)。根据“It is good for us ……”可这里的时态是一般现在时，故动词用原形或者第三人称单数，又主语为panda diplomacy。故选A。 7. 句意：与其他国家建立友谊对我们有好处的。 build建造(动词原形)；to build建造(动词不定式)；building建造(动名词或现在分词)。 It is good for us to do sth表示“做某事对我们有好处”，此处填动词不定式。故选B。 8. 句意：通过这样做，我们也可以比以前更好地展示我们的文化。 well好(副词)；better更好(比较级)；best最好(最高级)。 根据空格后面的than，可知空格处需要用比较级。故选B。 9. 句意：熊猫不仅深受中国人的喜爱，而且以其可爱而独特的外观赢得了世界的心，也吸引了世界对中国文化的关注和兴趣。 world世界；worlds(world的名词复数)  world’s世界的(所有格)。根据“so it can catch the...attention”和“wins the heart of the world”可知熊猫得到全世界的关注，空格处需要用所有格形式修饰名词attention。故选C。 10. 句意：此外，熊猫也是世界自然基金会的象征之一。 a不定冠词；/不填；the定冠词。the symbols of表示“……的象征”，这里用the表示特指。故选C。 Passage 2 （23-24八年级上·重庆长寿·期末）根据短文内容，从A、B、C、三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑． Elephants are big! They are the 1 animals that live on land. They have long noses. They have big ears that are like fans. 2 skin is gray-black. They have some short hairs 3 their backs and tails. What Elephants Eat Elephants must 4 most of the day to get the amount of food they need. They eat 5 and leaves. 6 elephant must drink lots of water, too.  An Elephant’s Nose An elephant’s nose 7 many uses. It is used to pick up food. 8 the food is put into the elephant’s mouth. Elephants 9 use their noses to greet each other. Elephant Babies An elephant baby is very big. The newborn elephants 10 milk from its mother and the mother will feed (喂养) her baby for two years. After a few months, the baby will also eat plants. 1. A．big B．bigger C．biggest 2. A．They B．Them C．Their 3. A．in B．on C．at 4. A．eat B．eating C．to eat 5. A．grass B．grasses C．grasses’ 6. A．A B．An C．The 7. A．have B．had C．has 8. A．But B．Or C．Then 9. A．also B．too C．or 10. A．drank B．will drink C．is drinking 【答案】 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了大象的相关信息。 1. 句意：它们是陆地上最大的动物。 big大的，原级；bigger更大，比较级；biggest最大的，最高级。根据“the...animals that live on land.”可知此处指陆地上最大的动物，用最高级。故选C。 2. 句意：它们的皮肤是灰黑色的。 They它们，主格；Them它们，宾格；Their它们的，形容词性物主代词。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词their。故选C。 3. 句意：它们的背部和尾部有一些短毛。 in在里面；on在上面；at在。根据“their backs”可知，是在它们的背上，用介词on。故选B。 4. 句意：大象必须在一天的大部分时间里进食才能获得所需的食物量。 eat吃，动词原形；eating 动名词；to eat动词不定式。情态动词后加动词原形。故选A。 5. 句意：它们吃草和树叶。 grass草；grasses多种类的草；grasses’名词所有格。根据“and leaves”可知它们吃多种种类的草。故选B。 6. 句意：大象也必须大量饮水。 a不定冠词，修饰以辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词，修饰以元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词。此处泛指“一头大象”，elephant以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选B。 7. 句意：大象的鼻子有很多用途。 have有，动词原形；had动词过去式；has动词单三。句子用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词用单三。故选C。 8. 句意：然后把食物放进大象的嘴里。 but但是；or或者；then然后。根据“It is used to pick up food...the food is put into the elephant’s mouth”可知此处表示动作的前后，用then。故选C。 9. 句意：大象也用鼻子互相问候。 also也，放句中；too也，放肯定句句尾；or或者。此处表示“也”，放句中用also。故选A。 10. 句意：新生的小象会从母亲那里喝奶，母亲会喂养她的孩子两年。 drank喝，动词过去式；will drink一般将来时；is drinking现在进行时。根据“the mother will feed”可知此处用一般将来时。故选B。 Passage 3 （22-23八年级上·广东汕头·期末）在每小题所给的三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Once upon a time, there lived a farmer. He grew very good corn. Every year, he would take part in the state farmers' fair and win 1 first prize for his corn. The farmer’s story reached the ears of a reporter. The reporter asked the farmer 2 he grew his corn and learned something interesting about it —the farmer shared his 3 corn seeds (种子) with his neighbors. “There are competitions 4 you and your neighbors. Why do you do that when some of their corn 5 be as good as yours?” the reporter asked. “The wind picks up pollen (花粉) from the corn and carries it from field to field. If my 6 corn is not so good, it will make my corn bad. If I want to grow good corn, I must help them 7 their corn, too,” said the farmer. So it is with our lives: If you 8 to live in peace, you must help others around you to live in peace. By helping others, you help 9 . So, do not be afraid to share your experience and good ideas with others. You will be 10 that people around you will be willing to help you out in return. 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．how B．why C．when 3. A．nicer B．nicest C．the nicest 4. A．between B．below C．behind 5. A．need B．should C．might 6. A．neighbor B．neighbors C．neighbors’ 7. A．improve B．improved C．improving 8. A．choose B．are choosing C．will choose 9. A．you B．your C．yourself 10. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述一个农民种出非常好的玉米的秘诀是帮助邻居种植好的玉米，从而得出帮助别人也能帮助自己的道理。 1. 句意：每年他会参加这个州的农民的集市，并且因为他的玉米赢得一等奖。 a/an是不定冠词，表示泛指。a用在辅音音素前；an用在元音音素前。the是定冠词，表示特指。序数词first 前用定冠词，故选C。 2. 句意：记者问这位农民，他是如何种植它的玉米的？ how怎么样；why为什么；when什么时候。根据“...he grew his corn”及后文可知此处指如何种植玉米，故选A。 3. 句意：这位农民分享了他的最好的玉米种子给他的邻居们。 nicer更好的；nicest最好的；the nicest最好的。根据“...be as good as yours”可知应是把最好的种子分享出去，有his时最高级前不需要用the，故选B。 4. 句意：你和你的邻居们之间是竞争关系。 between在……之间；below在……下方；behind在……后面。根据“you and your neighbors.”可知农民和邻居是两者之间，故选A。 5. 句意：当他们中的一些玉米也许会和你的一样好时你为什么还要那样做？ need需要；should应该；might也许。根据“when some of their corn...be as good as yours”可知此处是推测别人拿到好的种子可能会和这位农民种出一样好的玉米，故选C。 6. 句意：如果我邻居的玉米没有那么好，它会让我的玉米变差。 neighbor邻居；neighbors邻居，复数；neighbors’邻居们的。此处泛指这位农民的邻居，是复数，且修饰corn，应用名词所有格，故选C。 7. 句意：如果我想要种出好玉米，我必须帮助他们也提高他们的玉米。 improve提高；improved提高，过去式或过去分词；improving现在分词或动名词。根据“I must help them”可知是help sb. do sth结构。故选A。 8. 句意：如果你选择平静的生活，你必须要帮助你周边的人也和平的生活。 choose选择，动词原形；are choosing选择进行时；will choose将选择。根据“If you”可知if引导的条件状语从句中从句用一般现在时，主语是you，单词用原形。故选A。 9. 句意：通过帮助别人，你也帮助了你自己。 you你；your你的；yourself你自己。根据“By helping others, you help...”可知帮助别人也是帮助自己，故选C。 10. 句意：你会很吃惊，你周围的人将会愿意帮助你作为回报。 surprise惊奇；surprised惊奇的；surprising令人惊奇的。根据“You will be...”可知空处修饰人用surprised。故选B。 四、语法填空 Passage 1 （24-25八年级上·福建福州·期末）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 What will our world be like if there are no insects? Maybe it will give you much pleasure when there are no bad insects in your everyday life. 1 this could cause many problems in fact. The number of insects keeps down these years. There are also 2 (little) places for insects to live in than before. It 3 (become) a worrying natural problem now. What will happen if all insects die out? I think it will be 4 (real) serious. We need insects to break down(分解) 5 (die) plants and animals and turn them into new things. It provides us 6 the healthy soil (土壤). Besides, insects are food for lots of animals. The animals will be hungry or die without 7 (they). Then what should we do? The scientists spend lots of time 8 (search) for better ways to control the terrible situation. One of the 9 (suggestion) is that people can understand nature and change their ideas about insects as soon as possible. As students, we should protect our mother nature at 10 early age and begins in small ways. 【答案】 1. But 2. less 3. becomes 4. really 5. dead 6. with 7. them 8. searching 9. suggestions 10. an 【导语】本文介绍了昆虫的重要性以及建议我们应该保护自然。 1. 句意：但是事实上，这可能会导致许多问题。结合句意，前一句表示也许当你的日常生活中没有害虫时，它会给你带来很多乐趣，后一句表示这可能会导致许多问题，前后表示转折关系，因此用连词but“但是”，故填But。 2. 句意：昆虫的栖息地也比以前少了。little“少的”，根据“than”可知，此处用比较级less，故填less。 3. 句意：现在它成为一个令人担忧的自然问题。become“成为”，原句是一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填becomes。 4. 句意：我认为情况会很严重。real“真的”，是形容词，修饰形容词serious，用副词，故填really。 5. 句意：我们需要昆虫来分解死去的植物和动物，把它们变成新的东西。die“死亡”，是动词，修饰名词plants and animals，用形容词dead“死的”，故填dead。 6. 句意：它为我们提供了健康的土壤。provide sb with sth“给某人提供某物”，故填with。 7. 句意：没有它们，动物们会挨饿或死亡。they“它们”，是主格形式，其宾格形式是them；作为介词without的宾语，用宾格形式，故填them。 8. 句意：科学家们花了很多时间寻找更好的方法来控制这种可怕的情况。search“寻找”，spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，故填searching。 9. 句意：其中一个建议是，人们可以了解自然，尽快改变他们对昆虫的看法。suggestion“建议”，是名词，有one of修饰，用复数形式，故填suggestions。 10. 句意：作为学生，我们应该从小就保护我们的自然母亲，从小事做起。at an early age“在很小的时候”，故填an。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级上·湖北武汉·期末）阅读下面短文，根据上下文、所给首字母或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词。 Imagine you are on a space trip. But along the way, your spacecraft (飞船) has some 1 (problem). Now, you have to stay at the space station, 2 (wait) for someone to come and bring you back home. This is not the 3 (begin) of a science fiction movie. This is what two US astronauts are facing right now. Astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams have been stuck (被困住) in space since June. They won’t be back 4 February 2025. During this long stay, they don’t feel 5 (bore). They’ve been busy 6 tasks at the space station. They check the system to keep the station in good shape and analyze data (分析数据) to make sure everything runs 7 (smooth). They also spend their time doing many science studies, such as growing plants in outer space, which 8 (help) us learn how to live and work in space 9 (long). In February 2025, US company SpaceX will send 10 (it) Dragon spacecraft to bring the two astronauts back to Earth. 【答案】 1. problems 2. waiting 3. beginning 4. until 5. bored 6. with 7. smoothly 8. helps 9. longer 10. its 【导语】本文讲述了两名美国宇航员因飞船故障被困在太空站，需等待SpaceX公司于2025年2月派遣龙飞船将他们接回地球。 1. 句意：但是在飞行途中，你的飞船出了一些问题。some后接可数名词复数，故此处应用problem的复数problems。故填problems。 2. 句意：现在，你必须待在空间站，等待有人来把你带回家。分析句子可知，主语you和wait之间是主动关系，故应用现在分词waiting作伴随状语。故填waiting。 3. 句意：这不是科幻电影的开头。the后接名词，begin的名词形式是beginning，the beginning of表示“…… 的开头”。故填beginning。 4. 句意：他们要到2025年2月才会回来。根据“They won’t be back ... February 2025.”可知，直到2025年2月，他们才会回来；not...until... 表示“直到……才……”。故填until。 5. 句意：在这漫长的逗留中，他们并不感到无聊。feel是系动词，后接形容词作表语，主语they是人，所以用-ed 结尾的形容词bored，表示“感到厌烦的”。故填bored。 6. 句意：他们一直在空间站忙于任务。be busy with sth.是固定短语，意为“忙于某事”。故填with。 7. 句意：他们检查系统以保持空间站的良好状态，并分析数据以确保一切运行顺利。此处修饰动词 runs，要用副词形式smoothly，表示“顺利地，平稳地”。故填smoothly。 8. 句意：他们还花时间做许多科学研究，比如在外太空种植植物，这有助于我们学习如何在太空生活和工作更长时间。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子“growing plants in outer space”，看作单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式helps。故填helps。 9. 句意：他们还花时间做许多科学研究，比如在外太空种植植物，这有助于我们学习如何在太空生活和工作更长时间。根据“how to live and work in space ...”可知，此处表示“在太空生活和工作更久”，暗含比较意义，用long的比较级longer。故填longer。 10. 句意：2025年2月，美国SpaceX公司将发射龙飞船，将两名宇航员带回地球。修饰名词Dragon spacecraft要用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”。故填its。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级上·湖北武汉·期末）综合填空 Water has great importance in Chinese culture. For a long time, water has been given deep meanings to 1 (education) people and rule the country. Confucius (孔子) thought water had many nice qualities. People should learn from it and improve 2 (they). The meanings behind water also made Chinese rulers follow the rules of nature and listen to the voice of people. Believed to be the beginning of all life, water also 3 (give) us life like a gentle mother. It’s impossible for our human beings to live 4 water. However, the way people and water getting along has two sides. In history, floods (洪水) brought big problems to people. Every time floods hit a village, houses fell down and hundreds of people became 5 (home). To solve the problem, Chinese people had always tried their best. For example, Yu, the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty, organized his people and 6 (dig) the waterways so that the water could easily go into the sea. Today, the want of more fresh water is another serious problem. Although almost three 7 (quarter) of the earth is covered with water, most of it couldn’t be drunk directly. There are still factories 8 (pollute) rivers and lakes, which makes things even worse. Let’s start 9 it’s too late! I believe if we take action in time, we can 10 (possible) make a difference. I really hope we can live in peace with the environment. 【答案】 1. educate 2. themselves 3. gives 4. without 5. homeless 6. dug 7. quarters 8. polluting 9. before 10. possibly 【导语】本文讲述水在中国文化中的重要意义，以及水给人类带来的双面影响。并呼吁人们及时采取行动保护环境。 1. 句意：长期以来，水被赋予了深刻的意义，它既教育人们，又治理着国家。根据“For a long time, water has been given deep meanings to...people and rule the country.”及所给单词可知，此处表示长期以来，水被赋予了深刻的意义，它既教育人们，又治理着国家。to后接动词原形。education“教育”，名词，动词形式为educate。故填educate。 2. 句意：人们应该从中吸取教训，改进他们自己。根据“People should learn from it and improve...”及所给单词可知，此处表示人们应该从中吸取教训，改进他们自己。they“他们”，人称代词主格，反身代词为themselves。故填themselves。 3. 句意：水被认为是所有生命的起源，它也像一位温柔的母亲一样给我们带来生命。根据“water also...us life like a gentle mother.”及所给单词可知，此处表示水也像一位温柔的母亲一样给我们带来生命。结合语境，此处为一般现在时。water作主语，谓语动词用三单。give的第三人称单数形式为gives。故填gives。 4. 句意：我们人类不可能生活在没有水的地方。根据“It’s impossible for our human beings to live...water.”及上下文可知，此处表示我们人类不可能生活在没有水的地方。without“没有”，符合语境。故填without。 5. 句意：每逢洪水袭击一个村庄，房屋就倒塌了，数百人沦为无家可归者。根据“Every time floods hit a village, houses fell down and hundreds of people became...”及所给单词可知，此处表示每逢洪水袭击一个村庄，房屋就倒塌了，数百人沦为无家可归者。home“家”，homeless“无家可归的人”，符合语境。故填homeless。 6. 句意：例如，夏朝的第一位统治者禹组织他的人民挖河道，使水可以容易地流入大海。根据“organized his people and...the waterways so that the water could easily go into the sea.”及所给单词可知，该句时态为一般过去时，表示禹组织他的人民挖河道，让水流入大海。dig“挖”，动词原形，过去式为dug。故填dug。 7. 句意：尽管地球表面几乎有四分之三被水覆盖，大部分不能直接饮用。根据“three”可知，后接可数名词复数。quarter的复数形式为quarters。故填quarters。 8. 句意：还有工厂向河流和湖泊排放污水，这使情况变得更糟。根据“There are still factories...rivers and lakes,”可知，此处表示还有工厂向河流和湖泊排放污水。考查固定结构：There are sth. doing sth.“有某物正在做……”。故填polluting。 9. 句意：在太晚之前让我们开始吧。根据“I believe if we take action in time, we can possibly make a difference.”可知，我相信，如果我们及时采取行动，我们或许能有所作为。推测此处应该表示在太晚之前让我们开始吧。before“在……之前”，符合语境。故填before。 10. 句意：我相信，如果我们及时采取行动，我们或许能有所作为。根据“we can...make a difference.”可知，此处用副词修饰动词make。possible的副词形式为possibly。故填possibly。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级上·江苏南通·期末）请认真阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式或时态，使短文通顺。 Boys and girls, have you ever heard of the saying “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” Spring is a fine season. It lights up 1 (people) feelings and brings us hope. When you enjoy yourself in the warm spring wind, what comes into your mind? Let’s see what poets Meng Haoran and William Blake 2 (write) about spring long ago. A Spring Morning (by Meng Haoran) This spring morning in bed I’m lying, After one night of wind and showers, Not to awake till birds are crying. How many are the fallen flowers! Spring (by William Blake, UK)Sound the flute, now it’s mute. Little boy, full of joy; Bird’s delight, day and night; Little girl, sweet and small; Nightingale, in the dale; Cock does crow, so do you; Lark in sky, merrily; Merry voice, infant noise; Merrily, merrily to welcome in the year. Merrily, merrily to welcome in the year. The first poem may be one of 3 (famous) poems about spring in China. It’s so simple that people can 4 (easy) remember it. The poet doesn’t say how much he loves spring. Instead, he writes that the birds are singing, the wind is blowing and the flowers 5 (fall) down. The way he talks about these things shows us the 6 (happy) during springtime. Instead of talking about the bright colours of flowers, Meng writes about the sounds of spring. He hears birds singing in the morning and remembers the sounds of the wind and rain at night. Writing about these sounds lets 7 (read) feel the beauty of spring. William Blake’s poem celebrates the coming of spring as a way 8 (bring) us joy. As spring comes, nature jumps into a new life. This means the 9 (begin) of the new year. The birds in the poem are joyful day and night. It seems that the boys and girls speak of all the things so 10 (active). Through “merrily”, the poet shows how happy he and others are to welcome spring. As you are reading this article, spring is on the way. 【答案】 1. people’s 2. wrote 3. the most famous 4. easily 5. are falling 6. happiness 7. readers 8. to bring 9. beginning 10. actively 【导语】本文探讨了春天的美好，通过引用谚语“冬天来了，春天还会远吗？”引出话题，并介绍了两位诗人孟浩然和威廉·布莱克关于春天的诗作，展现了春天的希望、生机与美丽。 1. 句意：它照亮了人们的感受，给我们带来了希望。根据“feelings”可知，此处表示人们的感受，因此用名词所有格“people’s”修饰，表示“人们的”。故填people’s。 2. 句意：让我们看看诗人孟浩然和威廉·布莱克很久以前写的关于春天的诗。根据“long ago”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时“wrote”。故填wrote。 3. 句意：第一首诗可能是中国最著名的关于春天的诗之一。根据“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”可知，此处表示“最……之一”，因此用形容词最高级“the most famous”。故填the most famous。 4. 句意：它是如此简单，以至于人们可以很容易地记住它。根据“remember”可知，此处表示容易地记住，因此用副词“easily”修饰动词。故填easily。 5. 句意：诗人没有说他多么喜欢春天。相反，他写的是鸟儿在歌唱，风在吹，花儿在飘落。根据“are singing”和“is blowing”可知，此处描述的是现在正在进行的事情，且主语“the flowers”是复数形式，因此用现在进行时“are falling”。故填are falling。 6. 句意：他谈论这些事情的方式向我们展示了春天时的快乐。根据“the+名词”可知，此处表示“快乐”，且作为“shows”的宾语，因此用名词“happiness”。故填happiness。 7. 句意：写这些声音让读者感受到春天的美丽。根据“let”可知，此处表示让某人做某事，因此用动词不定式的宾语“readers”，表示“读者”。故填readers。 8. 句意：威廉·布莱克的诗庆祝春天的到来，给我们带来欢乐。根据“a way to do sth”可知，此处表示“做某事的一种方式”，因此用动词不定式“to bring”作定语。故填to bring。 9. 句意：这意味着新的一年的开始。根据“the+名词”可知，此处表示“开始”，且作为“of”的宾语，因此用名词“beginning”。故填beginning。 10. 句意：似乎男孩和女孩们如此积极地谈论着所有的事情。根据“speak of”可知，此处表示积极地谈论，因此用副词“actively”修饰动词。故填actively。 3 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$