Unit 2 Working the land Integrated skills 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版(2020)选修第一册

牛津译林版高中英语学程一课件 Unit 2 Working the land Integrated skills Page 22-24 Comparing chemical farming and organic farming 制作者：桂东一中　李宇平 ◆ 内容分析 本板块围绕单元话题，以“比较化学耕作和有机耕作”创设情境，展开一系列具有综合性、关联性和实践性的听、说、读、写等学习活动。首先阅读一篇关于化学耕作的文章，了解化学耕作的优缺点；再听一段有关有机耕作的采访，获取相关信息；然后就这两种农业生产方式展开讨论；最后选择化学耕作或有机耕作写一篇文章。前面这三个读、听、说的活动为完成写作任务作准备。上述活动环环相扣，每个活动既有侧重点，又与其他活动有关联性，构成一个语言技能整合的活动。 ◆ 教学目标 By the end of this section, we will be able to: 1. describe the advantages and disadvantages of using chemicals in farming; 2.talk about the differences between chemical farming and organic farming; 3. write an article about the choice between chemical farming and organic farming; 4. raise awareness of environmental protection. A.Sarah is doing research on farming in order to write an article for the Farm to School Week. She has found a website article about chemical farming. Read the article below and answer the following questions. Sarah /ˈseərə/ 萨拉（女子名） the Farm to School Week 农场进校园周 Chemical farming The use of chemicals in farming is widespread with more than 90 per cent of the world’s farmers using artificial fertilizers and pesticides. Such chemicals are highly effective, but unfortunately they can have damaging impacts. Understanding more about the advantages and disadvantages of using chemicals in farming will help you decide which side of the fence you stand on, and ultimately, what food you will eat! side of the fence(争论的双方中的)一方 stand (on sth) (对某事)持某种态度,有某一观点,采取某种立场 The fact is that chemicals work faster than organic products. Since they release nutrients quickly, chemical fertilizers enrich poor soil rapidly. This allows plants to grow faster than they would with organic fertilizers, such as animal waste. Similarly, the quick action of artificial pesticides makes it easy to protect crops from pests. It follows that the use of chemicals brings immediate results, in terms of both plant growth and protection. 立竿见影 work奏效；产生预期的结果（或作用） enrich使（土壤）肥沃 action of sth (on sth)作用 follow理所当然，是…的必然结果 Nevertheless, the downsides of using chemicals in farming are obvious. These chemicals enter our water and soil very easily, and tend to remain in the environment for decades, slowly breaking down, or not at all. Apart from polluting the environment, they also affect all living organisms, either immediately or over long periods of time.For example, the world’s bee population has declined alarmingly over the last few decades, partly due to the overuse of pesticides. never·the·less  /ˌnevəðəˈles/ 尽管如此；不过；然而 alarmingly使人惊恐地；令人惊慌地；引起恐慌地 over- /ˈəʊvə(r)/ (构成名词、动词、形容词和副词) 1.太；过于： over·use过度使用；滥用 overproduction生产过剩 overload超载 over-optimistic过分乐观 overconfident过分自信 overanxious过于急切 2.完全地 overjoyed十分高兴 3.上面；外面；额外：overcoat大衣 overtime加班 4.上方；上空 overcast阴云密布 overhang悬挂 Similarly, studies have found that a range of diseases, such as cancers in humans, are linked to chemicals used in farming. The awareness of the dangers of such chemicals led biologist Rachel Carson to publish her book Silent Spring in 1962, which revealed how the pesticide DDT was causing severe damage to the environment and to humans. Rachel Carson /ˌreɪtʃəl ˈkɑːsn/ 蕾切尔·卡森(美国生物学家) Silent Spring 《寂静的春天》（蕾切尔·卡森的作品） DDT 滴滴涕（旧时尤用作农业杀虫剂） Carson argued that once pesticides entered the environment, they not only killed insects but also made their way up the food chain to threaten birds and fish, and eventually human populations.还会沿着食物链逐级影响到鸟类和鱼类，最终还会对人类造成威胁。 It is commonly acknowledged that chemicals are an important tool for farmers; however, it is important to weigh the pros and cons of chemicals before using them, and to minimize the damage they do if possible. make your way 去；前往；到…地方去；前进 1. Why do farmers use chemicals? 2. What are the disadvantages of using chemicals in farming? Because the use of chemicals brings immediate results, in terms of both plant growth and protection. Chemicals not only pollute the environment, but also affect all living organisms. B.Sarah is interviewing a farmer about organic farming. Listen and finish the exercises below. Page 23 B1. Listen to the interview and choose the best answer. Circle the letters of the correct options. 1. Why do organic crops taste better? a. They recycle animal waste. b. They reduce chemicals. c. They produce more natural, healthy compounds. com·pound /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ 化合物;复合物;混合物 2. What happens when soil microorganisms break down organic materials? a. Pests are killed. b. Nutrients go into the soil. c. Animal habitats are safely maintained. 3. How does Sarah feel about the interview? a. She is glad that she has learnt a lot from the interview. b. She is worried that organic farming might affect crop yields. c. She is grateful to Mr Zhao for his efforts at organic farming. B2. Listen to the interview again and complete the notes below. food quality recycling waste tastes better work with nature knowledge and skills crop yields 努力顺应自然，而非与之对抗 Tapescript Sarah: Good morning, Mr Zhao! Thanks for agreeing to do this interview. Here’s my first question: what exactly is organic farming? Mr Zhao: Good morning, Sarah. Well, organic farming is an eco-friendly practice that aims to reduce farming’s overall environmental impact and improve food quality as well as consumers’ health. Sarah: What distinguishes it from chemical farming? Mr Zhao: Organic farming focuses on recycling waste and avoiding the use of chemicals. For example, we recycle animal waste into natural fertilizer. Sarah: So, organic farming produces food that is chemical-free, but does organic food really taste better? Mr Zhao: Certainly! Organic farming actually enhances the taste of crops by letting them produce more natural, healthy compounds. Chemicals tend to reduce these healthy compounds. en·hance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ vt.提高；增强；增进 Sarah: I see. Besides better-tasting food, what else makes organic farming attractive? Mr Zhao: Well, better ecological practices help maintain safe habitats for nature’s own pest control organisms. Also, by not using chemical fertilizers, soil microorganisms can freely break down organic materials to release nutrients into the soil. Thus, organic farming tries to work with nature, not against it. Sarah: That sounds great! It seems there are quite a lot of benefits. Are there any downsides of farming in this way? Mr Zhao: Yes, there are. Organic farming requires specialized knowledge and skills. As organic farmers, we must be very knowledgeable about nature, the crops we are growing, as well as natural methods for controlling pests and managing soil nutrients. Sarah: Do organic farming methods affect your crop yields? know·ledge·able (about sth)  /ˈnɒlɪdʒəbl/ 博学的；有见识的；知识渊博的,=well informed Mr Zhao: Yes. Without the use of chemicals, we may lose more crops to diseases or pests. However, our main focus is not just on producing high yields but on growing quality food, while protecting the natural environment. Sarah: Mr Zhao, thanks for enlightening me about organic farming. lose sth (to sb)被…夺去 qual·ity  /ˈkwɒləti/ 优质的；高质量的 en·light·en  /ɪnˈlaɪtn/ 启发；开导；阐明 C.In pairs, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of chemical and organic farming. Use the ideas in the chart below to help you. Page 24 A: Do you know that over 90 per cent of the world’s farmers prefer chemical farming methods to organic ones? I think that’s the right choice. Chemicals allow crops to grow faster as they release nutrients and enrich poor soil rapidly. Chemical farming is also a more effective way to control pests compared with organic farming. As a result, the use of chemicals results in bigger harvests. B: That’s true. Organic farmers recycle animal waste into natural fertilizer and rely on natural pest control organisms to protect crops. Not using chemicals may cause organic farmers to lose more crops to diseases or pests by contrast. Yet I still think organic farming is the more attractive option as it focuses on crop quality rather than high yields. A: I see what you mean, but I’m not sure. Using chemicals does make farmers’ work easier. Organic farming, on the contrary, requires that farmers should have specialized knowledge and skills to control pests, grow crops and manage soil. B: I understand your concern. Organic farming isn’t easy but it’s well worth the effort. A key concept of organic farming is that it works with nature, not against it. By not using chemicals, it is eco-friendly. A: Yes, you’re right. Chemicals can cause damage to water, soil and ecosystems, but the reality is that it’s possible to minimize the impact of chemical farming. For example, farmers can reduce the use of chemicals with the help of precision farming. B: That’s a good point! However, as a consumer, I prefer organic farming because I want to eat good-tasting and healthy food. And it’s been proved that organically farmed crops produce more natural, healthy compounds and taste better. A: That makes sense. However, consumers have to pay more for organic food. Considering the problem of world hunger and the urgent need for more food, I would still choose chemical farming. B: Well, organic farming is my first choice because its long-term benefits outweigh its short-term challenges. D.Write an article for the Farm to School Week about your choice between chemical and organic farming methods. Use your ideas from part C and the information in parts A and B to help you. Check and improve your writing after you finish it. Chemical farming: the farmer’s helping hand With the rapidly growing global population, more food needs to be produced. Chemical farming can certainly help achieve this goal and it is the better choice for farmers. In fact, over 90 per cent of the world’s farmers choose chemical farming methods over organic ones, demonstrating the popularity of chemical farming. Chemical farming has many advantages. It helps farmers produce higher yields more quickly than organic farming. As chemical fertilizers are fast-acting, poor soil rapidly becomes enriched with nutrients, allowing plants to grow faster. In addition, chemical pesticides and herbicides ensure that crops stay healthy and protected from pests and diseases. In contrast, by not using chemicals, organic farmers may lose more crops to diseases and pests. There is no denying that chemical farming is not perfect. Chemicals do cause damage to the environment and also affect human health. However, farmers can make every effort to minimize the damage they do by cutting down on the use of chemicals. For instance, the advent of precision farming makes it possible to have more accurate measurements of chemicals, greatly reducing the amounts of unnecessary chemicals. In conclusion, I support chemicals in farming because they are a useful tool for farmers to use. By producing more food, chemical farming can also help solve the problem of world hunger. Organic farming: farming the way nature intends In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the environment and human health, so it has increased an awareness of how our food is produced. Though chemical farming is used by over 90 per cent of the world’s farmers, the wide range of damage it has caused to the environment and human health makes it a bad choice. Organic farming, on the other hand, aims to improve food quality, reduce farming’s environmental impact and promote consumers’ health. It is therefore the option that farmers should choose. The advantages of organic farming are obvious. Evidence shows that organically grown crops produce natural compounds which improve their flavour. In addition,by avoiding the use of chemicals, organic farming produces food that is healthier for consumers. Organic farming is also more eco-friendly by working with nature,not against it. For instance, farmers recycle animal waste into natural fertilizer, so soil microorganisms help add nutrients to the soil. Consequently, the environment is protected from chemical pollution, ecosystems stay unaffected and consumers benefit from eating chemical-free produce. In contrast, chemical farming can cause damage to water, soil and ecosystems. It is true that organic farming is not easy and presents some challenges to farmers, like producing lower yields. On the other hand, consumers may need to pay more for organically grown food. But over the long term, the benefits of organic farming exceed those of chemical farming. ex·ceed/ɪkˈsiːd/ 超过（数量） To conclude, organic farming may not produce large harvests or quick and reliable plant growth like chemical farming does, but it does provide options with considerable benefits for people and the planet. I believe it is in our best interests to choose organic farming over chemical farming.总之，有机农业或许无法像化学农业那样实现大规模的丰收或实现快速且可靠的植物生长，但它确实为人类和地球提供了具有显著益处的多种选择。我认为，选择有机农业而非化学农业对我们而言是更为有利的。 con·sid·er·able /kənˈsɪdərəbl/ 相当多(或大、重要等)的,= significant in the interests of为了…的利益 $$