内容正文:
Unit 2 Books
单词
Getting Ready
1.连环画杂志
2.名著
3.书店
4.提供指南的
Lesson 4
5.苍蝇 v. 飞
6.冒险, 冒险经历
7.仙境
8.孤儿
9.好奇心
10.友谊
11.出版
12.仍然是,保持不变
13.愚蠢的
14.v. 落下 n. 滴; 水珠
15.洞; 孔
16.陆地 v. 着陆
17.人物, 角色
18. adj. 聪明的;明亮的
19. n. 读者;电子阅读器
20. v. 迫使, 强迫 n. 力量
21. n. 社会
*22. n. 贼, 小偷
23. v. 偷,偷窃
24. n. 准备
25. v. 悬挂
Lesson 5
*26. n. 引语,引文
*27. adj. 鼓舞人心的,激励人的
28. v. 养成,形成
29. adj. 连续不断的
30. n. 需求 v. 需要
31. n. 优势,有利条件
32. adj. 著名的 ,众所周知的
33. v. 取决于,决定于
*34. v. 激励;启发思考
35. n. 一段时间,时期
Lesson 6
*36. n. 预测
37. v. 在……上刷油漆 n. 油漆
38. adj. 多汁的
39. adj. 沉默的;安静的
*40. v. 集中(注意力、精力等 )
41. n. 刷油漆;绘画, 油画
42. n. 艺术家
43. adv. 漫 不 经 心 地 ; 粗 心 地
*44. v. 轻轻擦
45. n.一点儿,少许;触觉 v. 触 摸
46. n. 动作
47. v. 仔细考虑;认为
48. n. 建议;主动提议
49. adv. 诚实地
50. n. 漆刷
*51. adv. 热切地
52. n. 遗憾 v. 感到遗憾
Communication Workshop
53. n. 爱好者
*54. n. 使受益
*55. n. 方面
56. prep. 不像, 与……不同
*57. adj. 额外的
58. n. 不利因素
*59. n. 总结
短语
1.大量的,无数的
2.取决于;依靠
3.反复来回
4.看一下……
5.只要
句型
1.When he wrote the book, he also maths puzzles the story. 他写这本书时,还在故事中加入了数学难题。
2.They stay on an island together after their plane has an accident.飞机发生事故后,他们被迫一起待在一个岛上。
3.However, the boys don't ,and the peace.但是,这些男孩们不能和睦相处,无法维持和平。
4.The man who doesn't read good books over the man who can't read them.不读好书的人不比那些无法读书的人强到哪里去。
5.Well, it .嗯,这就要看你找什么了。
6.He his painting like an artist.他像艺术家一样专注于他的刷漆工作。
7.Aunt Polly this fence.波利姨妈对这栅栏很自豪。
8.Many people paper books because they are easy to buy from bookshops and comfortable to read.很
多人更喜欢读纸质书籍,因为它们容易
9. It doesn't matter which you use you to enjoy reading.无论你使用哪种形式,只要它能让你享受阅读的乐趣就可以。
语法
被动语态
一、知识点清单
知识点1:He also appears in three other books by Twain.他还出现在马克•吐温写的另外三本书中。
【详解】by在此处用作介词,意为“由……写/创作;被”,常用于被动语态结构之后,引出动作的执行者。
I'm reading a short story by Lu Xun. 我正在读鲁迅的一部短篇小说。
My father really loves the movies by Jiang Wen.我爸爸真的喜欢姜文的电影。
知识点2:His curiosity and friendship with a boy named Huckleberry Finn often get him into trouble with his serious Aunt Polly. 他的好奇心以及他与一个名叫哈克贝利 • 费恩的男孩儿的友谊经常使他与他那严肃的波利姨妈发生冲突。
【详解】get sb. into trouble 意为“使某人陷人困境;使某人受到批评/处罚”。get into trouble 意为“遇上麻烦,陷人因境”,其后可以接介词with,表示“同……产生矛盾”。
My younger brother was always getting me into trouble with my parents. 我弟弟总是连累我遭到父母的责备。
We thought he had got into trouble at that time.我们认为那时他遇到了麻烦。
【知识拓展】含有 trouble 的其他當见短语:
have trouble (in) doing sth.
give sb. trouble
be in trouble
(山西中考)
——Xiao Jie is a good friend indeed. He is always there whenever I am _____ .
——I think so. He is just like the cute Baymax (大白).
A. in trouble B. in style C. in order
知识点3:The book includes dialogues that show how language was spoken at the time. 这本书包含的对话展示了人们当时是如何说话的。
【详解】include 是及物动词,意为“包括,包含”
The price includes both house and furniture .这个价格包括房子和家具。
Some new words are included in this text. 一些生词被包含在这篇课文中。
【知识拓展】
①included 形容词,无比较等级,一般位于名词或代词之后,作后置定语,意为“包括在内”。
Everyone laughed, our teacher .每个人都笑了,包括我们的老师在内。
②including 介词,意为“包括;包舍在内”,它和其后的名词/代词一起构成介宾短语。
There are 36 students in the classroom, me.包括我在内,救室里有36名学生
知识点4:At the time it was published, people weren't used to this and it upset some people. 它出版时,人们对此不习惯,一些人感到沮丧。
【详解】be used to意为“习惯于…”,10是介词,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式作宾语。be used 1o doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。
My grandpa is used to living in the village. 我爷爷习惯住在乡村。
【知识拓展】
①be used to do sth. 意为“ ”。
The knife is used to cut something. 刀子是用来切东西的。
②used to do sth.意为“ (但现在不再做)”或“过去存在某物(而现在不存在)”。
He used to wear glasses. 他过去常常戴眼镜。
链接中考(新疆中考)
I used to _____ newspapers and watch TV after dinner. But now I'm used to a walk.
A. read; take B. read; taking C. reading; taking D. reading; take
知识点5:However, it has remained a popular and important book since it was first published in 1876。然而,自从它于 1876 年首次出版以来,它一直是一本既受欢迎又很重要的书。
【详解】remain 在此处用作连系动词,意为“仍然是;保持不变”,指某人或某事物仍保持某种状态,后面接名词、代词、形容词、介词短语等作表语。remain 通常不用于进行时态。
Peter became a manager, but John remained a worker.彼得成了经理,而约翰仍然是个工人。
That boy remained silent all the time.那个男孩儿一直保持沉默。
小贴士remain 作作不及物动河,意为“逗留,留下”
She remained by the canyon for about half an hour.她在峡谷旁逗留了大约半个小时。
知识点6:The silly creatures in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland were created by Lewis Carroll.《爱丽丝漫游仙境》中的那些愚蠢的生物是刘易斯 •卡罗尔创造的。
【详解】create 是及物动词,意为“创作,创造”,强调从无到有,既可创造具体的东西,也可创造抽象的东西。
The two pictures were both created in Song Dynasty.这两幅画都创作于宋代。
We began to create a new world. 我们开始创造一个新世界。
知识点7:When he wrote the book, he also added maths puzzles to the story. 他写书时,还在故事中加入了数学谜语。
【详解】add...to…表示“将…添加到…”
If the tea is too strong, add some hot water to it.如果茶太浓,加点儿热水。
We added some wood to increase the fire. 我们加了一些木柴,使火旺些。
小贴士add up to 意为“ ”。
Seven and thirteen adds up to twenty. 7加13是20。
知识点8:As they were so well hidden, many readers today still enjoy trying to find and solve these puzzles. 因为这些谜语隐藏得非常好,所以今天的许多读者仍然喜欢设法找到并解决这些谜语。
【详解】 enjoy doing sth.意为“ 。
He enjoys dancing. 他喜欢跳舞。
链接中考(湖北孝感中考)
My old neighbour Charles enjoys ______ photos. He always goes out with his camera.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. took
知识点9:They are forced to stay on an island together after their plane has an accident. 飞机发生事故后,他们被迫一起待在一个岛上。
【详解】force 在此处用作及物动词,意为“强迫,迫使”。force sb. to do sth. 意为“强迫/迫使某人做某事”
Many people were forced to leave the land to find jobs in the cities.许多人被迫离开农村到城市找工作。
【知识拓展】force 还可用作不可数名词,意为“力,力量”。
He had to use get the lid off the tin .他不得不用力才能打开这个罐头的盖子。
知识点10:However, the boys don't get along, and have trouble keeping the peace. 但是,这些男孩子们不能和睦相处,无法维持和平。
【详解】get along 在此处意为“相处”。get along/on with 意为“与…相处”。在along on 后可以加副词,表示相处得如何。
We get along well with each other. 我们彼此相处得很好。
I can't get along with him. He likes to make fun of me.我不能同他和睦相处。他喜欢取笑我。
【知识拓展】get along 还可意为“进步,进展”。
How are you along with your English? 你的英语学习进展如何?
My work is getting much better now.現在我的工作进展得順利多了。
知识点11:By the early 1960s, it was taught in many schools in Britain. 到了20 世纪60 年代初,它在英国许多学校的教科书中被教授。
【详解】1960s意为“20世纪 60年代”,也可写作1960's。在整十的年份后加“s”或“'s”表示某某世纪某某年代。表示“在”某某世纪某某年代用介词 in,年代前还应加定冠词 the
The World War I ended in the 1940s.第二次世界大战结束于20世纪40年代。
知识点12:. …not all books help people learn . ……并非所有的书都能帮助人们学习。
【详解】在英语里有一些用来表示“全体”或“完全”意义的总括词,如all,every(及everybody,everything 等),both,always, quite 等,凡含有这些词的否定句并非表示全部否定。例如:
Not all the ants go out for the food. 并非所有的蚂蚁都外出觅食。
Money is not everything.金钱并非万能。
部分否定有下列两种形式:
(1)直接把否定词 not 放在被否定词之前。例如:
Not all birds can fly. 并不是所有的鸟都会飞。
Not both children are clever. 并不是两个孩子都聪明。
(2)用not 来否定谓语。例如:
I can't catch everything in the book. 我没有完全掌握书中的内容。
知识点13:. Well, it depends on what you're looking for…嗯,这就要看你正在找什么了…
【详解】depend on/upon 意为“由…决定;取决于;受…影响”。例如:
I always depend on the map when I am in a strange place.在陌生的地方我总是靠地图。
The price depends on the quality.价钱取决于质量。
知识点14:However, Tom had to finish the work Aunt Polly gave him. 然而,汤姆却不得不完成波利姨妈吩咐他干的活儿。
【详解】have to 意为“不得不,必须”。
We had to give up the plan. 我们不得不放弃这个计划。
辨析 have to 与 must
have to 侧重客观上的"不得不,必须" 有更多的时态变化 否定形式是don't have to / doesn't have to,表示“不必”
must 侧重主观上的“必须” 可用来表示现在,无时态变化 直接在其后加not 变为否定形式,表示"禁止”
(江西中考) 链接中考
You _____ take me to the station. My brother's taking me.
A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. don't have to
知识点15:As Tom started to paint Aunt Polly's very long fence, along came Ben Rogers with a juicy apple in his hand. 当汤姆开始刷波利姨妈那长长的栅栏时,本•罗杰斯走了过来,手里拿着一个多汁的苹果。
【详解1】 along came Ben Rogers 为倒装结构,意为“本•罗杰斯走了过来”,正常的语序应为 "Ben Rogers came along ”。 当here, there 以及back,down,off,up,along 等副词位于句子开头,若句子的主语是名词,则主语位于谓语动词之后,构成倒装语序。这类副词常与come,go 等表示位置移动的词连用。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
Down came the rain.下雨了。
【小贴士】若主语是代词,主语和谓语不构成倒装语序。
Here we are. 我们到了。
【详解2】juicy 是形容词,意为“多汁的”。juice 为不可数名词,意为“果汁”。
The pears are crisp and juicy. 这些梨鲜脆多汁。
知识点16:He focused on his painting like an artist. 他像艺术家一样专注于他的刷漆工作。
【详解】focus 在此处用作不及物动词,意为“集中(注意力、精力等))”。focus on 表示“集中在…;专注于…”
Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point. 每个练习各有不同的语法重点。
The discussion focused on three main problems.讨论集中在三个主要问題上。
知识点17:Don't you wish you could come instead of doing work?难道你不想来而是宁愿在这里干活儿?
【详解1】这是一个否定疑问句。否定疑问句也称反问句,语气较强,带有强烈的否定、不满意、惊奇等感情色彩;翻译时常译为“难道…?”。回答时,yes译为“不”,no 译为“是的”。这种疑问句中的系动词 be 或助动词必須与 not一起缩写。
——Don't you know it is going to rain today?难道你不知道今天要下雨吗?
——Yes. I do. /No,I don't. 不,我知道。/是的,我不知道。
——Isn't she your teacher? 难道她不是你们的老师吗?
——Yes,she is. /No,she isn 't. 不,她是。/是的,她不是。
【详解2】 instead of 是介词短语,意为“代替;而不是”,其后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式等。
What about eating fish instead of meat today?今天不吃肉而是吃鱼怎么样?
Instead of being annoyed, she seemed quite pleased.她没有生气,反而似乎很高兴。
辨析 instead of 与 instead
instead of 介词短语 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式等
instead 副词 置于句首或句末
I’ll clean the classroom you. 我将替你打扫教室。
She didn't play basketball. She went swimming .她没去打篮球,而是去游泳了。
知识点18:Tom kept painting and answered carelessly, 汤姆继续刷着,漫不经心地回答道:……
【详解】keep doing sth. 意为“不断做某事,反复做某事”,表示持续不断地做某事。动作是主语本身发出来的。
He kept working all day. 他一整天都在工作。
He kept asking us to remember teamwork.他不断地叫我们记住团队合作。
知识点19:Oh come on. 咳,得了吧。
【详解】come on 意为“得了吧”,表示知道某人所说的话不正确。
Oh come on——you know that it isn't true!咳,得了吧,你知道那不是真的!
【知识拓展】come on 在不同的语境中有不同的意思。
Come on. I'll take you around the new library.跟我来,我特常你们参現新国书馆。
Come on, Tom. We'll miss the train.快点儿,汤好。我们要错过火车了。
Come on, Mary! Jane is catching up.加油儿,玛丽!简赶上来了。
知识点20:Ben stopped eating his apple. 本停止了吃苹果。
【详解】stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”。
The teacher is coming. Please stop .老师来了,请停止讲话。
【知记拓展】stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”。
You are so tired. Stop a rest.你如此疲意,停下来歇歇吧。
(山东青岛中考)We have worked s4o long. Shall we stop _____ a rest?
A. have B. to having C. having D.to have
知识点21:Tom swept his brush carefully back and forth, added a touch of paint here and there, and topped to take a look at it all. 汤姆认真地用刷子来回刷着,在这儿补一刷,在那儿补一刷,然后再停下来打量一下效果。
【详解1】back and forth 意为“反复来回”。
She walked back and forth on the path. 她在路上来回走着。
【详解2】touch 在此处用作可数名词,意为“一点儿,少许”,通常用单数形式。a touch of 意为“少量,少许”,修饰不可数名词。
There was a touch of anger in her voice.地的话音中有点儿生气的意味。
【知识拓展】
①touch 作可数名词,还可意为“接然;碰到”,通常用单数形式。
I felt a touch on my back. 我感觉有人碰了我的背一下。
②touch 还可用作动词,意为“然摸;碰”。
Don't touch the machine. It's dangerous! 不要碰那台机器。危险!
【详解3】 take a look at 意为“看一下⋯……”,相当于 have a look at。 take/have a look 也可单独使用,意为“看一看”。
Take a look at the flowers. How beautiful!看一下这些花儿,多美呀!
What has happened? Let's take a look.发生了什么事情?让我们看一看。
知识点22:Ben watched every move and became more and more interested until he finally said,"Tom, why don't you let me paint a little." 本观看着汤姆的每一个举动,越来越感兴趣,直到最后他说:“汤姆,为什么不让我刷点儿呢?”。
【详解1】more and more interested意为“越来越感兴趣”。“比较级+
and+比较级”意为“越来越…”表示程度的增加。如果形容词或副词的比较级是在其前加 more 构成的,表达“越来越…”时应用“more and more +原级”这一结构。
Your English is getting better and better. 你的英语越来越好了。
Beijing is getting more and more beautiful 北京变得越来越美丽了。
【详解2】until意为“直到……”,在此处用作连词,引导时间状语从句;until 还可作介词。
Let's wait until the rain stops. 咱们等雨停了吧。
【知识拓展】
①until 可用在句中,也可用在句首。用于肯定句时,句子(主句)中的谓语动词必须是延续性或状态性的,表示这一动作或状态会延续到 until…所表示的时间为止。
②not...until...意为“直到…才…”。此时句子(主句)中的谓语动词为非延续性动词,表示句子(主句)中的动作直到 until…所表示的时间才开始。
I didn't go to bed until my parents came back last night. 昨天晚上直到我父母回来我才去睡觉。
链接中考(江苏苏州中考)
——Excuse me,can you tell me the way to the nearest underground station?
——Walk straight on _____ you see a white building. It's right there.
A. though B. since C. until D. if
知识点23:I’d let you, if I were painting,Tom.汤姆,如果我在刷的话,我会让你试试的。
【详解】本句是含有if引导的虚拟条件句的主从复合句,表示不现实或不可能实现的假设。此处是对现在情况的假设,主句谓语部分用“would+动词原形”,if条件句中谓语部分若含有 be 动词,则be 动词改用were,若不含 be 动词,则用其过去式。
If I were you,I would go. 如果我是你,我会去。
What would you do if you had one million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元,你会做什么?
知识点24:You can't mean you forgot to take your English test?你不会是说你忘了参加英语考试了吧?
【详解】forget 在此处用作及物动词,意为“忘记;忘”,后接名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语。
I forget his name. 我忘记他的名宇了。
辨析 forget to do sth. 与 forget doing sth.
forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(不定式表示的动作未发生)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(v.-ing 形式表示的动作已发生)
I forgot to open the door. 我忘记去开门了。
I forget opening the door. 我忘记开了门了。
知识点25:As a book lover, I've tried both paper books and e-books.作为一名读书爱好者,我既读过纸质图书又读过电子书。
【详解】both...and...意为“…和…两者都;既…又…”,用来连接两个并列的成分。当连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The kid loves both his father and mother.这个小孩儿喜欢他的父母。
Both English and Chinese are my favourite subjects.英语和语文都是我最喜欢的科目。
【知识拓展】
①neither . . . nor . . . 意为“两者都不”,连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数该遵循“就近一致原则”,即与谓语动词最近的主语的单复数保持一致。
Neither his friends nor Tom is good at swimming汤姆和他的朋友们都不擅长游泳。
②either...or.. 意为“(两者中)或者⋯…或者……”,连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数也要遵循“就近一致原则”
Either you or I am going to help her. 你或者我将要去帮助她。
知识点26:Many people prefer reading paper books because they are easy to buy from bookshops and comfortable to read.许多人更喜欢读纸质图书,因为它们容易从书店买到,而且读起来很舒服。
【详解】prefer 是及物动词,意为“较喜欢”。prefer 后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing 形式作宾。prefer 不用于进行时态。
Mum prefers tea with milk. 妈妈喜欢加奶的茶。(接名词)
We prefer not to think about it. 我们不想考虑此事。(接动词不定式)
Now more and more people prefer jogging.现在越来越多的人喜欢慢跑。(接动词-ing形式)
【知识拓展】 prefer 的常用搭配:
①prefer...to.…意为“喜欢…胜过…为介词。后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。
He prefers riding a bike to driving. 与开年相比,他更喜欢時自行年。
②prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事”。
I prefer to read books rather than watch TV.我宁愿看书也不愿看电视。
(黑龙江龙东中考)I prefer _____ the failure rather than _____ my dream.
A. experience; to give up
B. to experience; give up
C. experiencing; giving up
知识点27:Paper books also allow readers to make notes easily.纸质图书也允许读者很容易地做笔记。
【详解】allow 在此处用作及物动词,意为“允许”,主要用法如下:
①allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。
My parents allow me to watch TV after finishing my homework.我父母允许我完成作业后看电视。
②allow doing sth.“允许做某事”。
She doesn't allow smoking here. 她不允许在这里吸烟。
③be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”
Teenagers should be allowed to make their own decisions. 青少年应该被允许自己做决定。
链接中考(重庆中考)
Their parents don't allow them _____ in the river because it's really dangerous.
A. swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swam
知识点28:Compared with paper books, e-books benefit students in many aspects. 与纸质图书相比,电子书在许多方面使学生受益。
【详解】benefit 在此处用作及物动词,意为"使受益”。
The great invention benefits everyone.这项伟大的发明使每个人都愛益。
What Mr Wang is doing will benefit us all.王老师在做的事情将使我们都受道。
【知识拓展】 benefit 作名词,意为“优势;益处”。
I couldn't see the benefit of arguing any longer .我看不出再争论下去有什么好处。
知识点29:Unlike paper books, you must read e-books on an e-book reader, a computer, or a smartphone. 与纸质图书不同,你必须在电子书阅读器、电脑或智能手机上读电子书。
【详解】unlike 在此处用作介词,意为“不像,与⋯⋯不同”,用于对比。
Unlike some old people, my parents like to travel everywhere.与有些老年人不同,我父母喜欢到处旅行。
Unlike most systems, this one is very easy to install.与大多数系统不一样,这个系统极易安装。
知识点30:This adds extra cost. 这增加了额外的花费。
【详解1】extra 是形容词,意为“额外的,附加的”,常用于名词前作定语。
Allow extra time for your journey. 要给你的旅程多留出些时间。
【详解2】cost 在此处用作名词,意为“花费;费用”。
The total cost to you is $ 500.你总共要支付500美元。
知识点31:In my opinion, it doesn't matter which you use as long as it allows you to enjoy reading.在我看来,无论你使用哪种都没关系,只要它能让你享受阅读的乐趣就可以。
【详解】as long as 意为“只要”,相当于 so long as.
There's nothing to worry about as long as you work hard.只要你努力学习,没有什么好担心的。
We will go hiking as long as the weather is good.只要天气好我们就去远足。
二、语法点清单
一.被动语态定义:
主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。
主动语态改写为被动语态:
主动句: 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他 + 状语
(动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者)
被动句: 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 状语
(动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者)
主动语态: I play basketball.
被动语态:Basketball is played by me.
二.被动语态的构成。
被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。
助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表:
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
①be
② do/does
一般过去时
①was/were
②did
一般将来时
will + do
be(am,is,are) going to + do
过去将来时
would+do
be(was,were) going to+do
现在进行时
be(am,is,are) + doing
过去进行时
be(was,were) +doing
情态动词
情态动词 + do
不定时
to do
三.易错总结
1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如:
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
The kind of shirts sells well here.这种样式的衬衫在这里卖得很好。
2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。
The cake smells delicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。
四、写作清单
本单元的主题是“书”,写作任务是写出自己对电子教科书和纸质教科书的看法。常见的写作话题有:①介绍/推荐自己最喜欢的书,并说明理由;②根据所给提示信息介绍一本名著;③谈谈自己对电子书和纸质书的看法,并给出理由。
中考文段表达中和该话题有关的命题形式有很多,通常以说明文、议论文或应用文的形式出现,常见的应用文种类有回复邮件或信件、给校报投稿等。
写作实例
(2025北京房山期中)
假如你是李华,你校将接待国外学生代表的来访,届时将举办一场文化交流活动,需要介绍自己喜欢的书籍。请用英文写一篇短文投稿,推荐一本自己最喜欢的书并说明理由。
提示词语:write, story, life, change, help
提示问题:·Which book is your favorite?
Why do you like reading it?
There are a lot of books around us.
审题指导
1.体裁:说明文 2.时态:以一般现在时为主 3.人称:以第一人称为主
必备词句:
(1)teach sb. about sth.教某人关于某事/物 (2)in the darkest times在最黑暗的时期(3)show sb. that...告诉某人……(4)overcome any challenge克服任何挑战(5)inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事(6)have
the courage to face...有面对……的勇气(7)I love this story because it's about a magical journey that teaches us about friendship, bravery, and the power of love.我喜欢这个故事,因为它讲述了一段奇妙的旅程,教会我们关于友谊、勇敢和爱的力量。(8)I believe everyone should read this book because it can inspire and help us to change our lives for the better.我认为每个人都应该读读这本书,因为它可以激励和帮助我们让生活变得更美好。
(9)afford to do sth.买得起…… (10)encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 (11)open minds开阔思想(12)because of因为 (13)come out出版 (14)be filled with充满 (15)put...down放下…… ⑧dream of doing sth.梦想做某事(16)develop one's reading skills培养某人的阅读能力 (17)have difficulty doing sth.做某事有困难(18)An e-book with lots of images and colors puts their imaginative spirit to the test.一本有很多图片和颜色的电子书会考验他们的想象力。(19)What's more, e-books are lightweight and they can easily be read over and over again.更重要的是,电子书轻便,可以轻易地反复阅读。
(20)Since kids already spend too much time using their computers or mobile phones, parents worry that reading e-books makes their kids spend more time in front of screens.由于孩子们已经花了太多时间使用电脑或手机,父母担心阅读电子书会让孩子们在屏幕前花更多的时间。
谋篇布局
优秀范文
There are a lot of books around us. My favorite book is Harry Potter. It was written by J.K. Rowling.
I love this story because it's about a magical journey that teaches us about friendship, bravery, and the power of love. It has helped me understand that even in the darkest times, there is always hope. Harry Potter has changed my life by showing me that we can overcome any challenge if we have the courage to face it.
I believe everyone should read this book because② it can in-spire and help us to change our lives for the better.
写作实战
书是人类的朋友,随着网络科技的发展,人们阅读的方式有了很大的不同。除了阅读传统的纸质书,越来越多的人热衷于阅读电子书。你校英语社团将举办以“Reading Habits”为主题的征文活动。假设你是李华,请你用英文写一篇不少于50词的短文投稿,陈述你自己的阅读喜好及原因。
提示词语:prefer, convenient, explore
提示问题:·Which is better—paper books or e-books? ·Why do you think so?
I'm Li Hua from Class 3, Grade 9. It's my honor to share something about reading habits with you.
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Unit 2 Books
单词
Getting Ready
1.连环画杂志 comic
2.名著 classic
3.书店 bookshop
4.提供指南的 how-to
Lesson 4
5.苍蝇 v. 飞 fly
6.冒险, 冒险经历 adventure
7.仙境 wonderland
8.孤儿 orphan
9.好奇心 curiosity
10.友谊 friendship
11.出版 publish
12.仍然是,保持不变 remain
13.愚蠢的 silly
14.v. 落下 n. 滴; 水珠 drop
15.洞; 孔 hole
16.陆地 v. 着陆 land
17.人物, 角色 character
18. adj. 聪明的;明亮的 bright
19. n. 读者;电子阅读器 reader
20. v. 迫使, 强迫 n. 力量 force
21. n. 社会 society
*22. n. 贼, 小偷 thief
23. v. 偷,偷窃 steal
24. n. 准备 preparation
25. v. 悬挂 hang
Lesson 5
*26. n. 引语,引文 quotation
*27. adj. 鼓舞人心的,激励人的inspiring
28. v. 养成,形成 form
29. adj. 连续不断的 continuing
30. n. 需求 v. 需要 need
31. n. 优势,有利条件 advantage
32. adj. 著名的 ,众所周知的well-known
33. v. 取决于,决定于 depend
*34. v. 激励;启发思考 inspire
35. n. 一段时间,时期 period
Lesson 6
*36. n. 预测 prediction
37. v. 在……上刷油漆 n. 油漆paint
38. adj. 多汁的 juicy
39. adj. 沉默的;安静的 silent
*40. v. 集中(注意力、精力等 ) focus
41. n. 刷油漆;绘画, 油画 painting
42. n. 艺术家 artist
43. adv. 漫 不 经 心 地 ; 粗 心 地carelessly
*44. v. 轻轻擦 sweep
45. n.一点儿,少许;触觉 v. 触 摸touch
46. n. 动作 move
47. v. 仔细考虑;认为 consider
48. n. 建议;主动提议 offer
49. adv. 诚实地 honestly
50. n. 漆刷 paintbrush
*51. adv. 热切地 eagerly
52. n. 遗憾 v. 感到遗憾 regret
Communication Workshop
53. n. 爱好者 lover
*54. n. 使受益 benefit
*55. n. 方面 aspect
56. prep. 不像, 与……不同 unlike
*57. adj. 额外的extra
58. n. 不利因素 disadvantage
*59. n. 总结 summary
短语
1.大量的,无数的 a world of
2.取决于;依靠 depend on
3.反复来回 back and forth
4.看一下…… take a look at
5.只要 as long as
句型
1.When he wrote the book, he also added maths puzzles to the story. 他写这本书时,还在故事中加入了数学难题。
2.They are forced to stay on an island together after their plane has an accident.飞机发生事故后,他们被迫一起待在一个岛上。
3.However, the boys don't get along,and have trouble keeping the peace.但是,这些男孩们不能和睦相处,无法维持和平。
4.The man who doesn't read good books has no advantage over the man who can't read them.不读好书的人不比那些无法读书的人强到哪里去。
5.Well, it depends on what you're looking for.嗯,这就要看你找什么了。
6.He focused on his painting like an artist.他像艺术家一样专注于他的刷漆工作。
7.Aunt Polly's very proud of this fence.波利姨妈对这栅栏很自豪。
8.Many people prefer reading paper books because they are easy to buy from bookshops and comfortable to read.很
多人更喜欢读纸质书籍,因为它们容易
9. It doesn't matter which you use as long as it allows you to enjoy reading.无论你使用哪种形式,只要它能让你享受阅读的乐趣就可以。
语法
被动语态
一、知识点清单
知识点1:He also appears in three other books by Twain.他还出现在马克•吐温写的另外三本书中。
【详解】by在此处用作介词,意为“由……写/创作;被”,常用于被动语态结构之后,引出动作的执行者。
I'm reading a short story by Lu Xun. 我正在读鲁迅的一部短篇小说。
My father really loves the movies by Jiang Wen.我爸爸真的喜欢姜文的电影。
知识点2:His curiosity and friendship with a boy named Huckleberry Finn often get him into trouble with his serious Aunt Polly. 他的好奇心以及他与一个名叫哈克贝利 • 费恩的男孩儿的友谊经常使他与他那严肃的波利姨妈发生冲突。
【详解】get sb. into trouble 意为“使某人陷人困境;使某人受到批评/处罚”。get into trouble 意为“遇上麻烦,陷人因境”,其后可以接介词with,表示“同……产生矛盾”。
My younger brother was always getting me into trouble with my parents. 我弟弟总是连累我遭到父母的责备。
We thought he had got into trouble at that time.我们认为那时他遇到了麻烦。
【知识拓展】含有 trouble 的其他當见短语:
have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
give sb. trouble 麻烦某人
be in trouble 处于不幸/苦恼境之中
(山西中考)
——Xiao Jie is a good friend indeed. He is always there whenever I am _____ .
——I think so. He is just like the cute Baymax (大白).
A. in trouble B. in style C. in order
解析:in trouble 意为“陷入困境,遇上麻烦”;in style意为“别具风格地;时髦地”;in order意为“井然有序”。结合句意可知选 A。
知识点3:The book includes dialogues that show how language was spoken at the time. 这本书包含的对话展示了人们当时是如何说话的。
【详解】include 是及物动词,意为“包括,包含”
The price includes both house and furniture .这个价格包括房子和家具。
Some new words are included in this text. 一些生词被包含在这篇课文中。
【知识拓展】
①included 形容词,无比较等级,一般位于名词或代词之后,作后置定语,意为“包括在内”。
Everyone laughed, our teacher included.
每个人都笑了,包括我们的老师在内。
②including 介词,意为“包括;包舍在内”,它和其后的名词/代词一起构成介宾短语。
There are 36 students in the classroom, including me.包括我在内,救室里有36名学生
知识点4:At the time it was published, people weren't used to this and it upset some people. 它出版时,人们对此不习惯,一些人感到沮丧。
【详解】be used to意为“习惯于…”,10是介词,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式作宾语。be used 1o doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。
My grandpa is used to living in the village. 我爷爷习惯住在乡村。
【知识拓展】
①be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”。
The knife is used to cut something. 刀子是用来切东西的。
②used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事(但现在不再做)”或“过去存在某物(而现在不存在)”。
He used to wear glasses. 他过去常常戴眼镜。
链接中考(新疆中考)
I used to _____ newspapers and watch TV after dinner. But now I'm used to a walk.
A. read; take B. read; taking C. reading; taking D. reading; take
解析:used to 意为“过去常常”,其中to是动词不定式符号,后面接动词原形;be used to sth./doing sth. 意为“习惯于(做)菜事”;be used to do sth.意为“被用来做菜事”。结合句意可知B项符合題意。
知识点5:However, it has remained a popular and important book since it was first published in 1876。然而,自从它于 1876 年首次出版以来,它一直是一本既受欢迎又很重要的书。
【详解】remain 在此处用作连系动词,意为“仍然是;保持不变”,指某人或某事物仍保持某种状态,后面接名词、代词、形容词、介词短语等作表语。remain 通常不用于进行时态。
Peter became a manager, but John remained a worker.彼得成了经理,而约翰仍然是个工人。
That boy remained silent all the time.那个男孩儿一直保持沉默。
小贴士remain 作作不及物动河,意为“逗留,留下”
She remained by the canyon for about half an hour.她在峡谷旁逗留了大约半个小时。
知识点6:The silly creatures in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland were created by Lewis Carroll.《爱丽丝漫游仙境》中的那些愚蠢的生物是刘易斯 •卡罗尔创造的。
【详解】create 是及物动词,意为“创作,创造”,强调从无到有,既可创造具体的东西,也可创造抽象的东西。
The two pictures were both created in Song Dynasty.这两幅画都创作于宋代。
We began to create a new world. 我们开始创造一个新世界。
知识点7:When he wrote the book, he also added maths puzzles to the story. 他写书时,还在故事中加入了数学谜语。
【详解】add...to…表示“将…添加到…”
If the tea is too strong, add some hot water to it.如果茶太浓,加点儿热水。
We added some wood to increase the fire. 我们加了一些木柴,使火旺些。
小贴士add up to 意为“合计达”。
Seven and thirteen adds up to twenty. 7加13是20。
知识点8:As they were so well hidden, many readers today still enjoy trying to find and solve these puzzles. 因为这些谜语隐藏得非常好,所以今天的许多读者仍然喜欢设法找到并解决这些谜语。
【详解】 enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”是固定搭配。
He enjoys dancing. 他喜欢跳舞。
链接中考(湖北孝感中考)
My old neighbour Charles enjoys ______ photos. He always goes out with his camera.
A. take B. to take C. taking D. took
解析:enjoy doing sth.忘为“喜欢做来事”,是固定搭配,故选C。
知识点9:They are forced to stay on an island together after their plane has an accident. 飞机发生事故后,他们被迫一起待在一个岛上。
【详解】force 在此处用作及物动词,意为“强迫,迫使”。force sb. to do sth. 意为“强迫/迫使某人做某事”
Many people were forced to leave the land to find jobs in the cities.许多人被迫离开农村到城市找工作。
【知识拓展】force 还可用作不可数名词,意为“力,力量”。
He had to use force to get the lid off the tin .他不得不用力才能打开这个罐头的盖子。
知识点10:However, the boys don't get along, and have trouble keeping the peace. 但是,这些男孩子们不能和睦相处,无法维持和平。
【详解】get along 在此处意为“相处”。get along/on with 意为“与…相处”。在along on 后可以加副词,表示相处得如何。
We get along well with each other. 我们彼此相处得很好。
I can't get along with him. He likes to make fun of me.我不能同他和睦相处。他喜欢取笑我。
【知识拓展】get along 还可意为“进步,进展”。
How are you getting along with your English? 你的英语学习进展如何?
My work is getting along much better now.現在我的工作进展得順利多了。
知识点11:By the early 1960s, it was taught in many schools in Britain. 到了20 世纪60 年代初,它在英国许多学校的教科书中被教授。
【详解】1960s意为“20世纪 60年代”,也可写作1960's。在整十的年份后加“s”或“'s”表示某某世纪某某年代。表示“在”某某世纪某某年代用介词 in,年代前还应加定冠词 the
The World War I ended in the 1940s.第二次世界大战结束于20世纪40年代。
知识点12:. …not all books help people learn . ……并非所有的书都能帮助人们学习。
【详解】在英语里有一些用来表示“全体”或“完全”意义的总括词,如all,every(及everybody,everything 等),both,always, quite 等,凡含有这些词的否定句并非表示全部否定。例如:
Not all the ants go out for the food. 并非所有的蚂蚁都外出觅食。
Money is not everything.金钱并非万能。
部分否定有下列两种形式:
(1)直接把否定词 not 放在被否定词之前。例如:
Not all birds can fly. 并不是所有的鸟都会飞。
Not both children are clever. 并不是两个孩子都聪明。
(2)用not 来否定谓语。例如:
I can't catch everything in the book. 我没有完全掌握书中的内容。
知识点13:. Well, it depends on what you're looking for…嗯,这就要看你正在找什么了…
【详解】depend on/upon 意为“由…决定;取决于;受…影响”。例如:
I always depend on the map when I am in a strange place.在陌生的地方我总是靠地图。
The price depends on the quality.价钱取决于质量。
知识点14:However, Tom had to finish the work Aunt Polly gave him. 然而,汤姆却不得不完成波利姨妈吩咐他干的活儿。
【详解】have to 意为“不得不,必须”。
We had to give up the plan. 我们不得不放弃这个计划。
辨析 have to 与 must
have to 侧重客观上的"不得不,必须" 有更多的时态变化 否定形式是don't have to / doesn't have to,表示“不必”
must 侧重主观上的“必须” 可用来表示现在,无时态变化 直接在其后加not 变为否定形式,表示"禁止”
(江西中考) 链接中考
You _____ take me to the station. My brother's taking me.
A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. don't have to
解析:can't 意为“不能”;mustn't 意为“一定不要”;shouldn't 意为“不应该”;don't have to 意为“不必”。由下句句意“我的哥哥将常我去”可知,上句应意为“你不必带我去车站”
知识点15:As Tom started to paint Aunt Polly's very long fence, along came Ben Rogers with a juicy apple in his hand. 当汤姆开始刷波利姨妈那长长的栅栏时,本•罗杰斯走了过来,手里拿着一个多汁的苹果。
【详解1】 along came Ben Rogers 为倒装结构,意为“本•罗杰斯走了过来”,正常的语序应为 "Ben Rogers came along ”。 当here, there 以及back,down,off,up,along 等副词位于句子开头,若句子的主语是名词,则主语位于谓语动词之后,构成倒装语序。这类副词常与come,go 等表示位置移动的词连用。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
Down came the rain.下雨了。
【小贴士】若主语是代词,主语和谓语不构成倒装语序。
Here we are. 我们到了。
【详解2】juicy 是形容词,意为“多汁的”。juice 为不可数名词,意为“果汁”。
The pears are crisp and juicy. 这些梨鲜脆多汁。
知识点16:He focused on his painting like an artist. 他像艺术家一样专注于他的刷漆工作。
【详解】focus 在此处用作不及物动词,意为“集中(注意力、精力等))”。focus on 表示“集中在…;专注于…”
Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point. 每个练习各有不同的语法重点。
The discussion focused on three main problems.讨论集中在三个主要问題上。
知识点17:Don't you wish you could come instead of doing work?难道你不想来而是宁愿在这里干活儿?
【详解1】这是一个否定疑问句。否定疑问句也称反问句,语气较强,带有强烈的否定、不满意、惊奇等感情色彩;翻译时常译为“难道…?”。回答时,yes译为“不”,no 译为“是的”。这种疑问句中的系动词 be 或助动词必須与 not一起缩写。
——Don't you know it is going to rain today?难道你不知道今天要下雨吗?
——Yes. I do. /No,I don't. 不,我知道。/是的,我不知道。
——Isn't she your teacher? 难道她不是你们的老师吗?
——Yes,she is. /No,she isn 't. 不,她是。/是的,她不是。
【详解2】 instead of 是介词短语,意为“代替;而不是”,其后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式等。
What about eating fish instead of meat today?今天不吃肉而是吃鱼怎么样?
Instead of being annoyed, she seemed quite pleased.她没有生气,反而似乎很高兴。
辨析 instead of 与 instead
instead of 介词短语 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式等
instead 副词 置于句首或句末
I’ll clean the classroom instead of you. 我将替你打扫教室。
She didn't play basketball. She went swimming instead.她没去打篮球,而是去游泳了。
知识点18:Tom kept painting and answered carelessly, 汤姆继续刷着,漫不经心地回答道:……
【详解】keep doing sth. 意为“不断做某事,反复做某事”,表示持续不断地做某事。动作是主语本身发出来的。
He kept working all day. 他一整天都在工作。
He kept asking us to remember teamwork.他不断地叫我们记住团队合作。
知识点19:Oh come on. 咳,得了吧。
【详解】come on 意为“得了吧”,表示知道某人所说的话不正确。
Oh come on——you know that it isn't true!咳,得了吧,你知道那不是真的!
【知识拓展】come on 在不同的语境中有不同的意思。
Come on. I'll take you around the new library.跟我来,我特常你们参現新国书馆。
Come on, Tom. We'll miss the train.快点儿,汤好。我们要错过火车了。
Come on, Mary! Jane is catching up.加油儿,玛丽!简赶上来了。
知识点20:Ben stopped eating his apple. 本停止了吃苹果。
【详解】stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”。
The teacher is coming. Please stop talking.老师来了,请停止讲话。
【知记拓展】stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”。
You are so tired. Stop to have a rest.你如此疲意,停下来歇歇吧。
(山东青岛中考)We have worked s4o long. Shall we stop _____ a rest?
A. have B. to having C. having D.to have
解析:stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”;stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”,都是固定搭配,故排除 A、B 两项。由前句句意“我们已经工作这么长时问了”可推知后句句意为“我们停下来去休息一下好吗?”。D
知识点21:Tom swept his brush carefully back and forth, added a touch of paint here and there, and topped to take a look at it all. 汤姆认真地用刷子来回刷着,在这儿补一刷,在那儿补一刷,然后再停下来打量一下效果。
【详解1】back and forth 意为“反复来回”。
She walked back and forth on the path. 她在路上来回走着。
【详解2】touch 在此处用作可数名词,意为“一点儿,少许”,通常用单数形式。a touch of 意为“少量,少许”,修饰不可数名词。
There was a touch of anger in her voice.地的话音中有点儿生气的意味。
【知识拓展】
①touch 作可数名词,还可意为“接然;碰到”,通常用单数形式。
I felt a touch on my back. 我感觉有人碰了我的背一下。
②touch 还可用作动词,意为“然摸;碰”。
Don't touch the machine. It's dangerous! 不要碰那台机器。危险!
要点Ⅲ take a look at 意为“看一下⋯……”,相当于 have a look at。 take/have a look 也可单独使用,意为“看一看”。
Take a look at the flowers. How beautiful!看一下这些花儿,多美呀!
What has happened? Let's take a look.发生了什么事情?让我们看一看。
知识点22:Ben watched every move and became more and more interested until he finally said,"Tom, why don't you let me paint a little." 本观看着汤姆的每一个举动,越来越感兴趣,直到最后他说:“汤姆,为什么不让我刷点儿呢?”。
【详解1】more and more interested意为“越来越感兴趣”。“比较级+
and+比较级”意为“越来越…”表示程度的增加。如果形容词或副词的比较级是在其前加 more 构成的,表达“越来越…”时应用“more and more +原级”这一结构。
Your English is getting better and better. 你的英语越来越好了。
Beijing is getting more and more beautiful 北京变得越来越美丽了。
【详解2】until意为“直到……”,在此处用作连词,引导时间状语从句;until 还可作介词。
Let's wait until the rain stops. 咱们等雨停了吧。
【知识拓展】
①until 可用在句中,也可用在句首。用于肯定句时,句子(主句)中的谓语动词必须是延续性或状态性的,表示这一动作或状态会延续到 until…所表示的时间为止。
②not...until...意为“直到…才…”。此时句子(主句)中的谓语动词为非延续性动词,表示句子(主句)中的动作直到 until…所表示的时间才开始。
I didn't go to bed until my parents came back last night. 昨天晚上直到我父母回来我才去睡觉。
链接中考(江苏苏州中考)
——Excuse me,can you tell me the way to the nearest underground station?
——Walk straight on _____ you see a white building. It's right there.
A. though B. since C. until D. if
解析:though“尽 管”;since“自…以后;既然”,until“直到…为止”;if“如果”。句意:“打扰了,你能告诉我去最近的地铁站的路吗?”“径直走你看到一栋白色的建筑。它就在那里。”由句意可知until 符合语境。C
知识点23:I’d let you, if I were painting,Tom.汤姆,如果我在刷的话,我会让你试试的。
【详解】本句是含有if引导的虚拟条件句的主从复合句,表示不现实或不可能实现的假设。此处是对现在情况的假设,主句谓语部分用“would+动词原形”,if条件句中谓语部分若含有 be 动词,则be 动词改用were,若不含 be 动词,则用其过去式。
If I were you,I would go. 如果我是你,我会去。
What would you do if you had one million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元,你会做什么?
知识点24:You can't mean you forgot to take your English test?你不会是说你忘了参加英语考试了吧?
【详解】forget 在此处用作及物动词,意为“忘记;忘”,后接名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语。
I forget his name. 我忘记他的名宇了。
辨析 forget to do sth. 与 forget doing sth.
forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(不定式表示的动作未发生)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(v.-ing 形式表示的动作已发生)
I forgot to open the door. 我忘记去开门了。
I forget opening the door. 我忘记开了门了。
知识点25:As a book lover, I've tried both paper books and e-books.作为一名读书爱好者,我既读过纸质图书又读过电子书。
【详解】both...and...意为“…和…两者都;既…又…”,用来连接两个并列的成分。当连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The kid loves both his father and mother.这个小孩儿喜欢他的父母。
Both English and Chinese are my favourite subjects.英语和语文都是我最喜欢的科目。
【知识拓展】
①neither . . . nor . . . 意为“两者都不”,连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数该遵循“就近一致原则”,即与谓语动词最近的主语的单复数保持一致。
Neither his friends nor Tom is good at swimming汤姆和他的朋友们都不擅长游泳。
②either...or.. 意为“(两者中)或者⋯…或者……”,连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数也要遵循“就近一致原则”
Either you or I am going to help her. 你或者我将要去帮助她。
知识点26:Many people prefer reading paper books because they are easy to buy from bookshops and comfortable to read.许多人更喜欢读纸质图书,因为它们容易从书店买到,而且读起来很舒服。
【详解】prefer 是及物动词,意为“较喜欢”。prefer 后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing 形式作宾。prefer 不用于进行时态。
Mum prefers tea with milk. 妈妈喜欢加奶的茶。(接名词)
We prefer not to think about it. 我们不想考虑此事。(接动词不定式)
Now more and more people prefer jogging.现在越来越多的人喜欢慢跑。(接动词-ing形式)
【知识拓展】 prefer 的常用搭配:
①prefer...to.…意为“喜欢…胜过…为介词。后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。
He prefers riding a bike to driving. 与开年相比,他更喜欢時自行年。
②prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事,也不愿做某事”。
I prefer to read books rather than watch TV.我宁愿看书也不愿看电视。
(黑龙江龙东中考)I prefer _____ the failure rather than _____ my dream.
A. experience; to give up
B. to experience; give up
C. experiencing; giving up
解析:prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿微来事而不愿做菜事”B
知识点27:Paper books also allow readers to make notes easily.纸质图书也允许读者很容易地做笔记。
【详解】allow 在此处用作及物动词,意为“允许”,主要用法如下:
①allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。
My parents allow me to watch TV after finishing my homework.我父母允许我完成作业后看电视。
②allow doing sth.“允许做某事”。
She doesn't allow smoking here. 她不允许在这里吸烟。
③be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”
Teenagers should be allowed to make their own decisions. 青少年应该被允许自己做决定。
链接中考(重庆中考)
Their parents don't allow them _____ in the river because it's really dangerous.
A. swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swam
解析:allow 后可接动调不定式作宾语补足语,即allow sb.to do sth.,意为“允许某人做某事”。故违C。
知识点28:Compared with paper books, e-books benefit students in many aspects. 与纸质图书相比,电子书在许多方面使学生受益。
【详解】benefit 在此处用作及物动词,意为"使受益”。
The great invention benefits everyone.这项伟大的发明使每个人都愛益。
What Mr Wang is doing will benefit us all.王老师在做的事情将使我们都受道。
【知识拓展】 benefit 作名词,意为“优势;益处”。
I couldn't see the benefit of arguing any longer .我看不出再争论下去有什么好处。
知识点29:Unlike paper books, you must read e-books on an e-book reader, a computer, or a smartphone. 与纸质图书不同,你必须在电子书阅读器、电脑或智能手机上读电子书。
【详解】unlike 在此处用作介词,意为“不像,与⋯⋯不同”,用于对比。
Unlike some old people, my parents like to travel everywhere.与有些老年人不同,我父母喜欢到处旅行。
Unlike most systems, this one is very easy to install.与大多数系统不一样,这个系统极易安装。
知识点30:This adds extra cost. 这增加了额外的花费。
【详解1】extra 是形容词,意为“额外的,附加的”,常用于名词前作定语。
Allow extra time for your journey. 要给你的旅程多留出些时间。
【详解2】cost 在此处用作名词,意为“花费;费用”。
The total cost to you is $ 500.你总共要支付500美元。
知识点31:In my opinion, it doesn't matter which you use as long as it allows you to enjoy reading.在我看来,无论你使用哪种都没关系,只要它能让你享受阅读的乐趣就可以。
【详解】as long as 意为“只要”,相当于 so long as.
There's nothing to worry about as long as you work hard.只要你努力学习,没有什么好担心的。
We will go hiking as long as the weather is good.只要天气好我们就去远足。
二、语法点清单
一.被动语态定义:
主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式。
主动语态改写为被动语态:
主动句: 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他 + 状语
(动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者)
被动句: 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 状语
(动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者)
主动语态: I play basketball.
被动语态:Basketball is played by me.
二.被动语态的构成。
被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。
助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。被动语态后的by短语有时可省去。具体结构见下表:
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
①be
② do/does
be(am,is,are)+done
一般过去时
①was/were
②did
be(was,were)+done
一般将来时
will + do
be(am,is,are) going to + do
will be done
be(am is are) going to be done
过去将来时
would+do
be(was,were) going to+do
would be done
be(was,were) going to be done
现在进行时
be(am,is,are) + doing
be(am,is,are)+being done
过去进行时
be(was,were) +doing
be(was,were)+being done
情态动词
情态动词 + do
情态动词 + be + done
不定时
to do
to be done
三.易错总结
1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如:
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
The kind of shirts sells well here.这种样式的衬衫在这里卖得很好。
2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。
The cake smells delicious.蛋糕闻起来很香。
四、写作清单
本单元的主题是“书”,写作任务是写出自己对电子教科书和纸质教科书的看法。常见的写作话题有:①介绍/推荐自己最喜欢的书,并说明理由;②根据所给提示信息介绍一本名著;③谈谈自己对电子书和纸质书的看法,并给出理由。
中考文段表达中和该话题有关的命题形式有很多,通常以说明文、议论文或应用文的形式出现,常见的应用文种类有回复邮件或信件、给校报投稿等。
写作实例
(2025北京房山期中)
假如你是李华,你校将接待国外学生代表的来访,届时将举办一场文化交流活动,需要介绍自己喜欢的书籍。请用英文写一篇短文投稿,推荐一本自己最喜欢的书并说明理由。
提示词语:write, story, life, change, help
提示问题:·Which book is your favorite?
Why do you like reading it?
There are a lot of books around us.
审题指导
1.体裁:说明文 2.时态:以一般现在时为主 3.人称:以第一人称为主
必备词句:
(1)teach sb. about sth.教某人关于某事/物 (2)in the darkest times在最黑暗的时期(3)show sb. that...告诉某人……(4)overcome any challenge克服任何挑战(5)inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事(6)have
the courage to face...有面对……的勇气(7)I love this story because it's about a magical journey that teaches us about friendship, bravery, and the power of love.我喜欢这个故事,因为它讲述了一段奇妙的旅程,教会我们关于友谊、勇敢和爱的力量。(8)I believe everyone should read this book because it can inspire and help us to change our lives for the better.我认为每个人都应该读读这本书,因为它可以激励和帮助我们让生活变得更美好。
(9)afford to do sth.买得起…… (10)encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 (11)open minds开阔思想(12)because of因为 (13)come out出版 (14)be filled with充满 (15)put...down放下…… ⑧dream of doing sth.梦想做某事(16)develop one's reading skills培养某人的阅读能力 (17)have difficulty doing sth.做某事有困难(18)An e-book with lots of images and colors puts their imaginative spirit to the test.一本有很多图片和颜色的电子书会考验他们的想象力。(19)What's more, e-books are lightweight and they can easily be read over and over again.更重要的是,电子书轻便,可以轻易地反复阅读。
(20)Since kids already spend too much time using their computers or mobile phones, parents worry that reading e-books makes their kids spend more time in front of screens.由于孩子们已经花了太多时间使用电脑或手机,父母担心阅读电子书会让孩子们在屏幕前花更多的时间。
谋篇布局
优秀范文
There are a lot of books around us. My favorite book is Harry Potter. It was written by J.K. Rowling.
I love this story because it's about a magical journey that teaches us about friendship, bravery, and the power of love. It has helped me understand that even in the darkest times, there is always hope. Harry Potter has changed my life by showing me that we can overcome any challenge if we have the courage to face it.
I believe everyone should read this book because② it can in-spire and help us to change our lives for the better.
写作实战
书是人类的朋友,随着网络科技的发展,人们阅读的方式有了很大的不同。除了阅读传统的纸质书,越来越多的人热衷于阅读电子书。你校英语社团将举办以“Reading Habits”为主题的征文活动。假设你是李华,请你用英文写一篇不少于50词的短文投稿,陈述你自己的阅读喜好及原因。
提示词语:prefer, convenient, explore
提示问题:·Which is better—paper books or e-books? ·Why do you think so?
I'm Li Hua from Class 3, Grade 9. It's my honor to share something about reading habits with you.
I'm Li Hua from Class 3, Grade 9. It's my honor to share something about reading habits with you. In modern society, e-books are becoming more and more popular. As for me, I prefer e-books to paper books.
Firstly, it is very convenient for people to buy them. They can be bought online immediately, so I don't need to go to a bookshop any longer. Secondly, e-books can be stored in a read-er, which is much lighter, allowing us to read anywhere. What's more,e-books are more environmentally friendly because we don't need to cut down trees to produce them. Last but not least, e-books can be adjusted to meet our personal needs.
Books are like a key to the door of a new world. I hope we all can enjoy exploring the new world.
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