Unit 1 When was it invented（复习课件）英语鲁教版五四学制九年级全一册

Unit 1 When was it invented? 单元复习 初中英语 / 鲁教版五四制 / 九年级全册 Contents Words 1 Phrases 2 Sentences 3 Grammar 4 Writing 5 Exercises 6 Homework 7 Words 0 1 Words Noun 名词 1.样式;款式 n. __________ 2.项目;工程 n. ___________ 3.高兴;愉快 n. _____________ 4.网站 n. ____________ 5.先锋;先驱n. ___________ 6.统治者;支配者 n.____________ 7.冰箱 n. ______________ 8.地震 n. _______________ 9.钟(声);铃(声) n. __________ 10.饼干 n. ________________ 11.曲奇饼n. __________ 12.器械;仪器;工具n. __________ 13.顾客;客户 n. _________ 14.篮;筐n. __________ 15.英雄;男主角 n. __________ style project pleasure website pioneer ruler fridge earthquake bell biscuit cookie instrument customer basket hero Adverb 副词:几乎 adv. _____________ nearly 形容词:1.每日的;日常的 adj.________ 2.国家的;民族的 adj.__________ 3.低的;矮的 adj._____________ 4.突然(的) adj.______________ 5.酸的;有酸味的adj.____________ 6.音乐的;有音乐天赋的 adj._____________ daily national low sudden sour musical 动词:1.提到;说到 v. ____________ 2.煮沸;烧开 v._____________ 3.保持不变;剩余 v._______________ 4.翻译v._________________ 5.分开;分散 v. _______________ mention boil remain translate divide 兼类词:1.列表;列清单 v.名单;清单n.___________2.气味 n.发出……气味;闻到 v. _______→过去式________ →过去分词 ________ 3.贸易;交易n.做买卖;从事贸易 v._________→商人n. ___________4.锁上;锁住 v.锁 n. _____________ 5.疑惑;疑问 n.怀疑 v. _________→不确定的;怀疑的adj. _________6.某人 pron.重要人物 n. _______________7.加拿大的;加拿大人的 adj.加拿大人n. _________→加拿大 n. ___________ list smell smelt/smelt smelt/smelt trade trader lock doubt doubtful somebody Canadian Canada Phrases 0 2 Phrases 1.__________________ 想到，考虑2._____________ 有道理 3._______________偶然地，意外地 4.________________ 据说 5.___________(过去式fell into) =drop into掉进… 6._________________在19世纪7.______________以很低的价格 8.________________突然地 think of = think about have a point by accident It is said that fall into in the 19th century at a low price all of a sudden 9.________少于，不到 more than = over 超过 10.___________毫无疑问 11.____________ 致力于某事 12.____________与……相似 13.___________错误地，无意地 14.____________ 犯错 15._____________把…分成… less than without doubt without doubt (be) similar to by mistake make a mistake divide ...into… Phrases 16._________________________最后 17.______________ 同时 18.______________ 想出 19.________________钦佩某人 20.________导致 领导 21.________________不客气，不用谢 22.________________把…翻译成… 23._______________.发生;出现 24._____________不但……而且…… in the end = at last = finally at the same time come up with look up to sb. lead to Don't mention it. translate...into.... Phrases take place   not only...but also... 25._____________梦想 26.____________……的数量27._____________实现某人的梦想 28._____________决定;选定 dream of the number of achieve one ’s dream decide on Sentences 0 3 Sentences Sentences 1.据说有一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。 __ __ ___ _____ a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first_____ _______tea as a drink. 2.在英格兰,茶直到大约1660年才出现,但是在不到100年的时间里,它成了国饮。In England, tea _____ ______ _____ around 1660, but in less than 100 years, it had become the national drink.3.虽然现在很多人都了解茶文化,但中国人无疑是最了解茶本质的人。 _____ _____many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are ______ _______ the ones who best understand the nature of tea.4.人们认为有史以来的第一次篮球比赛是在1891年12月21日举行的。 ___ ___ _____ ______the first basketball game in history was played on December 21, 1891. It is said that to discover didn ’t appear until Even though without doubt It is believed that Sentences 5.同时,他们需要阻止竞争队伍把球投到他们自己的篮筐内。 ___ ____ ____ ____, they need to stop the competing team ____ _____ the ball into their own basket. 6.在中国,有时你可以看到人们在公园、学校,甚至工厂打篮球。 In China, you can sometimes _______ people_______ basketball in parks, schools and even factories. 7.NBA 中的外国球员数量有所增加,其中也包括中国球员。 ____ _______ ______foreign players,__________ Chinese players, in the NBA has increased. At the same time from getting see playing The number of including Grammar 0 4 Grammar Grammar 1、I think the TV was invented before the car. 我认为电视是在小汽车之前被发明的。（P41） was invented“被发明”，此结构为一般过去时的被动语态 一般过去时的被动语态的构成 为“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”。 The house was built in 1967.这所房子是在1967年被建的。These trees were planted last year.这些树是去年被种植的。 invent及物动词，“发明”，指发明以前从未存在过的东西。 Do you know who invented the light bulb? 你知道是谁发明了电灯泡吗？ 【拓展】inventor发明家 invention发明物 Edison, a great inventor, invented many great inventions during his life.爱迪生，一个伟大的发明家，在他的一生中作出了许多伟大的发明。 Grammar 2、changing the style of the shoes改变鞋的款式（P42） style做名词，意为“样式；款式”。常用结构：the style of……的样式/风格。 这条连衣裙的款式很流行，但我不喜欢它的颜色。The style of this dress is popular, but I don’t like its color. 固定搭配 out of style过时的，不流行的；in style时尚的，流行的。 要点拓展 style做名词，还可意为“风格”。 Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics were a group of artists who created their own style.扬州八怪是一群创造了自己风格的艺术家。 3、With pleasure！我很乐意！（P42） With pleasure.意为“乐意效劳”，表示客气地接受或同意。 Grammar 你能帮我买本书吗？-Can you help me buy a book？ 乐意效劳。我正想去书店。-With pleasure. I just want to go to the bookstore. 要点辨析 It’s a pleasure.，My pleasure.，With pleasure. It’s a pleasure. 对别人表示感谢的礼貌回答，意为“不客气”。 My pleasure. My pleasure.的完整形式为“It’s my pleasure.”，二者都用于事情发生后。 With pleasure. 客气地表示接受或同意，意为“当然了；很愿意”，是对方提出要求，答应对方时的用法，问句通常是“Can/Could you please do sth.？”。 -Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮忙。-My pleasure！不客气！ 要点拓展 pleasant为形容词，意为“令人愉快的；讨人喜欢的”，做表语或定语；pleased为形容词，意为“高兴的；满意的；感到高兴的”。be pleased with...对……满意。 Grammar He spent a pleasant evening.他度过了一个愉快的夜晚。We are pleased with his work.我们对他的工作满意。 4.Think about how often it’s used in our daily lives.想想在我们的日常生活中会多么频繁地使用它吧。（P42） daily在本句中为形容词，意为“每日的；日常的”，只能放在名词前做定语，不能做表语，相当于everyday。 你没有读今天报纸上的每日新闻吗？Don’t you read the daily news in today’s newspaper？ 要点拓展 （1）daily的用法小结 adj.每日的；日常的→daily life日常生活adv.每日，天天，相当于every dayn.日报 Grammar （2）与daily相似的词还有 weekly adj.每周的；adv.一周一次monthly adj.每月的；adv.一月一次yearly adj.每年的；adv.一年一次 5、Well,you do seem to have a point...嗯，看来你说的确实有点道理……（P42） 助动词do在本句中表示强调。 seem to do sth.意为“好像做某事”。 have a point意为“有道理”，常用于口语中，表示赞同某人的观点和看法。 你说的有道理—还是等到明天比较好。You have a point-it would be better to wait till tomorrow. Grammar 6.For example, it mentioned that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.比如说，它提到拉链是惠特科姆·贾德森在1893年发明的。（P42） mention为及物动词，意为“提到；说到”，其后常跟名词、代词或从句。 mention sth. 提到某事/某物 mention doing sth. 提到做某事 mention sth.to sb. 向某人提起某事/某物 Mention+从句 提到…… 无论何时我一提起一块吃顿饭，他就说他太忙。Whenever I mentioned having dinner together, he said he was too busy. 要点拓展 Don’t mention it.是常见的口语表达，主要用来回答感谢，意为“不客气；不用谢”。有时也用来回答道歉。 Grammar 7.Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world （after water），was invented by accident？你知道茶，世界上最受欢迎的饮品（仅次于水），是偶然发明的吗？（P43） by accident意为“偶然地；意外地”，相当于by chance，反义词组为on purpose, 在句中做状语。 我和我的朋友在机场不期而遇。My friend and I met by accident at the airport. 8.It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.据说一位叫作神农的中国统治者最早发现了茶可以饮用。（P43） It is said that...意为“据说……"，其中比为形式主语，that从句是泰正的主语，be said是被动语态，其主动形式为“People/They say…”。 Grammar It is said that there has been a big rainstorm.据说，那里遭受了一场大暴风雨的袭击。 “It is+及物动词的过去分词+that...”句型的用法 It is believed that...人们认为…… It is known that...众所周知…… It is reported that...据报道…… It is supposed that...据猜测…… It is expected that...预计…… 句型 It is known that China is famous for the Great Wall.众所周知，中国以长城而闻名。It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident.据报道，20人死于这起事故。 Grammar 9.Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time.茶树上有几片叶子掉入水里，并在水里待了一段时间。（P43） remain做动词，意为“继续存在；保持不变；仍然是”。 How can we remain silent on this question？在这个问题上我们怎么能保持沉默呢？ fall into“落入，陷入” He fell into the river suddenly. 他突然掉进河里了。 【拓展】与fall相关的短语：fall behind 落后 fall down 摔倒 fall off 掉下 fall asleep 入睡 要点拓展 （1）remain做动词，意为“逗留；停留；留下”，相当于stay。 Grammar How many weeks will you remain/stay here？你将在此停留几个星期？ （2）remain做动词，意为“剩下；遗留”。 Few people remained in the meeting room.会议室的人所剩无几。 （3）remain做动词，意为“剩下；残余”。 I can’t go to the cinema because I have a lot of homework remained undone.我不能去看电影，因为我还有很多作业没有做。 （4）remain做连系动词，意为“保持某种状态”时，相当于stay/keep，可以互换。 The window remained/stayed open.窗户还开着。 some time“一段时间” I will stay here for some time. 我要在这儿待一段时间。 Grammar 辨析:some time, sometimes, some times 与 sometime some time 名词短语 一段时间 表示“一段时间”时，常常与延续性 动词连用，对它提问用how long sometimes 频度副词 有时 表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，它可位于句首、句 中或句末 sometimes 名词短语 几次；几倍 其中time是可数名词，对它提问用 how many times sometime 副词 某时 表示某个不确切或不具体的时间， 常用于过去时或将来时，对它提问用 when I need some time to do my homework. 我需要一段时间来做作业。She comes to visit us sometimes.她有时来看望我们。Lucy has been to Beijing some times.露西去过北京几次了。Jack will leave for America sometime next week.杰克将在下周某个时间动身去美国。 Grammar 10.It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water.它散发出怡人的香味，于是神农品尝了这种褐色的水。（P43） smell做可数名词，意为“气味”；做不可数名词，意为“嗅觉”。 它闻起来不新鲜。有煤气味。It doesn’t smell fresh. There is a smell of gas. 要点拓展 smell做系动词，意为“闻起来；闻出”，后接形容词或名词。smell做实义动词，意为“闻到” The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。 注意 表示感觉的系动词：smell闻起来；feel 感觉、集起来；sound听起来；taste老起来；look 看起来。其中 smell，sound，taste的主语只能是物；feel的主语可以是人，也可以是物。它们后面都接形容词故表语。 Grammar 11.It was quite delicious, and so, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented.它非常香醇，就这样，世界上最受欢迎的饮品之一被发明了。（P43） one of..后接复数名词或代词，意为“……之一”，做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 我最喜欢的运动之一是足球。One of my favorite sports is soccer. 要点拓展 “one of the +形容词最高级十复数名词”意为“最……之一” Changjiang is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 12.In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660，but in less than 100 years, it had become the national drink.在英国，大约直到1660年茶才出现，但在不到100年的时间里，茶已成为全国性的饮品。（P43） Grammar national为形容词，意为“国家的；全国的；民族的”。 我爸爸对国内和国际新闻感兴趣。My father is interested in national and international news. 词形转换 nation n.国家；民族 national adj.国家的；民族的 internationaladj.国际的 nationalityn.国籍 13.The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century.中西方国家的茶叶贸易始于19世纪。（P43） trade在此处为不可数名词，意为“贸易；交易”。 Trade between the two countries has increased.两国之间的贸易增加了。 要点拓展 trade还可做动词，意为“做买卖；从事贸易”，常用于trade（in sth.）with sb.（与某人交易……）结构中。 Grammar 他有数年与西方做生意的经验。He had years of experience of trading with the West. take place“发生；出现”。常指有计划、有安排地“发生”。 The next meeting will take place on Thursday.下次会议将在星期四举行。 Great changes have taken place in my homework in the past ten years.在过去的10年里我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 in the 19th century“在19世纪”，其中century为名词，意为“世纪；百年” I think advertising was highly developed in the twentieth century. 我认为广告业是在20世纪高度发展起来的。 14.Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.虽然现在有很多人都了解一些茶文化，但毫无疑问的是，中国人才是最了解茶之精髓的人。（P43） Grammar 这是一个多重复句。Even though引导让步状语从句。主句中含一个语从句who best understand the nature of tea，修饰先行词“the ones"，who是关系代词，在定语从句中做主语。 without doubt相当于there is no doubt，意为“毫无疑问；的确”。其中doubt为名词，意为“疑问；疑惑”。 毫无疑问，女孩赢了比赛。The girl wins the game without doubt. 要点拓展 doubt做动词，意为“怀疑”，后接宾语从句。主句为肯定句时，宾语从句用whether/if来引导；主句为否定或疑问句时，宾语从句用that引导。doubt还可做名词，意为“疑惑；疑问”。 固定搭配 without doubt毫无疑问，的确；in doubt不肯定，拿不准。注意 无论doubt用作名词还是动词，在肯定句中其后常接whether从句，在否定句和疑问句中常接that从句。 Grammar 15.The fridge was sold at a low price.冰箱被低价出售了。（P44） at a low price意为“以低价”。表示价格的高低，用high/low，不用expensive/cheap。修饰商品时，才能用expensive/cheap。 现在房价很高。House prices are very high now. 这个男孩以低价买了一件外套。The boy bought a coat at a low price. 要点拓展 low做形容词，意为“低的；矮的”，反义词为high（高的） I bought this house at a low price.我低价买了这套房子。 注意 当表示某物贵或便官用“物+be + expensive/cheap.”或“The price of+物+be + high/low.”，即物的贵贱一般用expensive/ cheap表示，价格的高低常用high/low表示。 The price of this computer is too high.=The computer is too expensive.这台电脑的价格太贵了。 Grammar 固定搭配 low短语 in a low voice低声地 at a low price以低价 low season淡季 have a lowfever发低烧 16.Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.有人从我的旅店房间里把我的相机给偷走了。（P44） somebody为不定代词，意为“某人；有人”，相当于someone，多用于肯定句中；用于疑问句时，期望得到肯定回答。somebody做主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 有人在敲门。There’s somebody knocking at the door. 要点辨析 somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody Grammar 相同点：做主语时谓语动词用单数；形容词修饰这些词要后置。 somebody=someone 某人，用于肯定句中或征询意见的疑问句中 anybody=anyone 任何人，用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中 nobody=noone 没有人，无人，本身为否定含义 everybody=everyone 每人，人人，不能用来指物 17.Different writers translated the book into different languages.不同的作家把这本书翻译成不同的语言。（P44） translate为及物动词，意为“翻译”。常用结构：translate...into...意为“把……译成……”。 The girl acted as a translator for the two strangers from different countries.这个女孩为来自不同国家的两个陌生人做翻译。 18.The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers were brought to a safe place.地震发生得很突然，但幸运的是，村民们被带到了一个安全的地方。（P44） Grammar all of a sudden为固定短语，意为“突然；猛地”，在句中做状语，可位于句首或句末，相当于suddenly。 突然，我意识到自己该做什么。All of a sudden, I realized what I had to do. 要点拓展 （1）sudden做形容词，意为“突然的；急剧的”；sudden做名词，意为“突然”。（2）副词suddenly意为“突然地”，修饰动词或形容词。 19、salty 咸的（P45） salty为形容词，意为“咸的”，由名词salt（食盐）加后缀y构成。 我不喜欢咸味的食物。I don’t like salty food. Grammar 要点拓展 人生五“味” hot/spicy辣的 salty咸的 sour酸的 sweet甜的 bitter苦的 联想助忆 名词“+y”构成形容词，类似的有：rain→rainy，cloud→cloudy，wind→windy，snow→snowy。 Grammar 20.The customer was happy in the end.最后这位顾客很高兴。（P45） in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于atlast，finally。 他们最终赢得了比赛。They won the game in the end. 要点拓展 （1）at the end of意为“在……结束时；在……尽头”，其后可接表示时间、地点的名词。 We’ll go to the Great Wall at the end of this month.本月末我们将去参观长城。 （2）by the end of意为“到……为止”，后接时间名词，常与一般将来时/完成时连用。 We have planted 500 trees by the end of this year.到今年年底，我们已经种了500棵树。 Grammar 21.Dr.Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game.奈史密斯博士把他班级里的男生分成两队，教他们玩他的新游戏。（P46） divide...into...意为“把……分开；把……划分为”，其中divide为及物动词，意为“分开；分散”，也可用于被动语态中，即be divided into...，意为“被划分为……”。 这个国家被划分为50个州。This country is divided into fifty states. 要点辨析 divide，separate divide 指把一个整体分为若干部分，常与into连用。 separate 指把原来在一起的个体分开，常与from连用。 The earth is divided into twenty-four time zones, one hour apart.地球被分为24个时区，每个时区相差一个小时。 Grammar teach sb. to do sth.“教某人做某事 ” He taught us to serve the people heart and soul.他教导我们全心全意为人民服务。 【拓展】teach sb.sth教某人某事 teach oneself 自学 22.At the same time, hey need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket.同时，他们还要阻止对方把球投进他们自己队的篮筐里。（P46） at the same time“同时” 其中same为形容词，“相同的”，使用时前面一般要加定冠词the， 后可跟单数可数名词或不可数名词。 Grammar stop sb./sth.（from）doing sth.意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”，相当于prevent sb./sth.（from）doing sth.（阻止/防止某人/某物做某事）。以上from可以省略。keep sb./sth.from doing sth.也有此意，但from不能省略。 什么也阻止不了他戒烟。 Nothing can stop him（from ）giving up smoking. =Nothing can prevent him （from）giving up smoking.=Nothing can keep him from giving up smoking. 注意 stop sb. /sth.（from） doing sth.和prevent sb. /sth （from） doing sth.在被动语态中from不可以省略。 The water must be prevented from being polluted by us.我们必须保护水不受污染。 Grammar 23.Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players.如今，随着许多年轻人都梦想成为著名的篮球运动员，篮球在世界各地越来越受欢迎。（P46） dream of/about（doing）sth.意为“梦想/梦见（做）某事”。 Some day my dream of becoming a teacher will come true.总有一天我当教师的梦想会实现。 要点拓展 dream做名词，意为“梦，梦想”；做动词，意为“做梦；梦见”。 Everyone has his dreams.每个人都有梦想。He often dreams at night.他晚上经常做梦。 注意 “某人实现梦想”用sb. achieve one’s dream；“某人梦想会实现”用one’s dream will come true。 Grammar 24.Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch.篮球不仅成为一项人们喜欢玩的运动，它也成为一项人们喜欢观看的运动。（P46） not only...but also..意为“不但……而且……” Reading can not only increase our knowledge, but also bring us pleasure.阅读不仅能增长我们的知识，而且给我们带来快乐。 中考特殊考点 本结构在使用时要遵循以下三个原则： （1）并列原则：not only...but also...为并列连词词组，用来连接两个并列成分（主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语），也可以连接两个句子，强调后者，also可以省略。 He not only writes well but also speaks fluently.他不但写得好，而且说得流利。（连接谓语） Grammar （2）主谓一致原则：not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.不仅学生，老师也反对这个计划。Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.不仅老师，学生也反对这个计划。 （3）倒装原则：not only...but also...连接两个并列分句时，not only置于句首，表示强调，其引导的句子要用部分倒装，即将谓语动词的一部分（如情态动词、助动词等）放在主语的前面，而but also后的句子用正常语序。 Not only do I feel good about helping people, but also I get to spend time doing what I love to do.我不仅感到帮助别人很好，而且我开始把时间用在我喜欢做的事情上。 Grammar 25.The number of foreign players, including Chinese players, in the NBA has increased. NBA中的外国球员数量有所增加，其中也包括中国球员。（P46） including为介词，意为“包括；包含”，后接名词、代词、动名词。 她赢得过很多世界锦标赛的冠军，包括在奥林匹克运动会中获得过四枚金牌。She’s won many world competitions, including four gold medals in the Olympics. 要点辨析 including，include including prep.包括；包含 一般前面有逗号，后接宾语，含有补充说明之意。 include v.包括；包含 前面有主语，和其他动词用法一样，侧重指被包含的是整体的一部分。 Grammar 26.Many young people look up to these basketball heroes and want to become like them.许多年轻人都仰慕这些篮球英雄，并想成为像他们一样的人。（P46） look up to表示“钦佩；仰慕；尊重（某人）”。反义短语为look down on（看不起）。 他们都很钦佩他们的老师。They all look up to their teacher. 男学生通常很钦佩运动名将。Schoolboys usually look up to great athletes. 小提示 look up to还表示“抬头看……”。 固定搭配 look的相关短语：look for寻找；look forward to 盼望，期待；look like 看起来像；look out当心，小心；look back at回首（往事），回忆。 hero做名词，意为“英雄”。复数为heroes。 Grammar 要点拓展 以0结尾，变复数加-es的词：hero→heroes（英雄）Negro→Negroes（黑人）potato→potatoes（土豆）tomato→tomatoes（西红柿） 联想助忆 黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。 27.These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams.这些球星也鼓励着年轻人为实现他们自己的梦想而努力。（P46） encourage做动词，意为“鼓励；促进”。 常用结构：encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人去做某事；encourage sb.in sth.在某方面鼓励某人。encouragement名词，“鼓励，鼓舞”。 Mr. Wang always encourages us to speak English in the class.王老师总是鼓励我们在课堂上说英语。 Grammar achieve做动词，意为“达到；完成；实现”，其主语是人，宾语是梦想、目标、成绩等，相当于realize。 我相信有一天你的梦想会实现。I’m sure you’ll achieve/ realize your dream one day. 注意 come true意为“实现；成真”，主语是梦想、计划、目标等。 I’m sure your dream will come true one day.我相信有一天你的梦想会实现。 小提示 a achieve的名词形式achievement意为“成就；成绩”。 The scientist is famous for his scientific achievements.这位科学家以他的科学成就而著名。 Grammar 28.This is because sometimes a few people may invent things which are nearly the same.这是因为有时候一些人可能发明几乎相同的东西。（P48） nearly做副词，意为“几乎；差不多；将近”，相当于almost，可以修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词短语等。 几乎每个人都知道这件事。Nearly everyone knows it. 他再也不是一个小男孩了。他差不多十六岁了。He’s not a little boy any more. He’s nearly/almost sixteen. 单元语法点回顾 一般过去时的被动语态 Grammar 一、基本用法 1.一般过去时的被动语态的构成 一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were+及物动词的过去分词”构成，be的单复数形式根据主语而定。 Grammar 2.一般过去时的被动语态的句式变化 句式 构成 肯定句形式 主语+was/were+过去分词（+by...）... 否定句形式 主语+was/were+not+过去分词（+by...）... 一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+过去分词（+by...）...？肯定回答：Yes，主语+was/were.否定回答：No，主语+wasn’t/weren’t. 特殊疑问句形式 特殊疑问词+was/were（十主语）+过去分词（+by...）…？ 【教材原句】 Potato chips were invented by mistake.薯片是无意中被发明的。 I wasn’t told to attend the meeting yesterday.昨天没有人告诉我去参加那个会议。 Was she asked to sing the first song at the party？她被要求在派对上唱第一首歌吗？ When was the telephone invented？电话是什么时候被发明的？ Grammar 二、难点突破 1.强调或突出动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话中心时用被动语态。这类句子常有一个by短语说明动作的执行者，有时也可省略by短语。 Books in the reading room mustn’t be taken out.阅读室的书禁止被带出去。 2.不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。 Paper is made from wood.纸是木头制成的。 3.动作的执行者不是人，而是无生命的事物。 Many traffic accidents are caused by careless driving.很多交通事故是由粗心驾驶造成的。 Grammar 4.为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己。 You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你做得更认真一点。 三、特殊用法 在主动句中动词make，see，hear，watch，find，notice等后接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，动词不定式都要去掉to，但在变被动语态时，后面的不定式一定要加上to，再加动词原形。 The boss made his workers work over ten hours a day in the past. =The workers were made to work over ten hours a day in the past. 在过去老板逼迫工人每天工作超过10小时。 0 5 Writing Writing 单元写作目标 Writing 本单元的写作内容是写一些由人类发明出来的物品，其中包括算盘、雨伞、双筒望远镜、照相机和自行车等等，准确描述这些发明物品的前提是了解它们各自被发明的年代、发明人、被发明的国家及其主要用途等。 Writing 写此类文章可以从以下几方面作为切入点 一是可以从身边的一些生活用品到常用物品的发明对现在生活的影响着手，如电灯的发明、我国古代的四大发明以及教材中涉及的一些发明等； 二是也可以把发生在自己身边的事情作为立意角度，如XX参加了生活中小发明竞赛等。 写作步骤1.总分总结构。短文通常分为三个部分：总------第一部分：开篇点题，点出要介绍自己的发明物。分-------第二部分：详细描述该发明的颜色、材质、产地、用途等。总——第三部分：表达自己的感受或者有什么期待及改进计划等。2.人称：第一、三人称。3.时态：一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时。4.语态：被动语态。 Writing Writing 如何写好这类文章，主要需要掌握以下词汇和句型句式： ※常用词汇 such a great invention如此了不起的一项发明 be used for被用于…… by accident偶然，意外地 ※常用句型句式 It is said that...据说…… It is believed that...人们认为…… It is used for...它被用来…… What do you think is the most useful invention？你认为什么是最有用的发明？ Writing ※常用开头结尾句 ...is invented by...……由……发明。Do you know...？你知道……吗？In my opinion...在我看来……I think it is very important for us...我认为对我们而言……是非常重要的。Do you think so？你这样认为吗？I will change/make/give...我会改变/使/给…… Writing 在线写作 假如你就读于一所国际学校，酷爱发明。在你校的科技周活动中你想向同学们“推销”你的一项新发明。请根据提示准备一篇英语发言稿。提示： 1. What’s it and when was it invented? 2. What’s it used for? 3. What does it look like? 4. How does it work? 5. How much is it? Writing 【思路点拨】1. 定基调 体裁：说明文 时态：介绍发明要用一般现在时 人称：第三人称 2. 谋布局、写句子 3. 巧衔接在介绍该发明的工作原理时，可以使用表示顺序的词first和then来连接，这是使用逻辑纽带的方式进行衔接的一种方法。 4. 成篇章May I have your attention, please? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 化“平凡”为“非凡”If you hate it, please buy one. → If so, please buy one. Writing 【参考范文】May I have your attention, please? I’d like to introduce my new invention to you. It is a machine called “cleaning dog”. It was invented last year. It is used for dealing with rubbish at home. The cleaning dog machine looks like a real dog. Do you know how it works? First it uses its nose to look for its food — the rubbish. Then the rubbish will turn into energy after being eaten. Once it eats its “food”, it doesn’t need to be charged. You must want to know how much my new invention is. It’s 500 yuan. It’s not very expensive, is it? You hate it when there is much rubbish in your house, don’t you? If you hate it, please buy one. I believe your parents will also be happy with it. Writing 0 6 Exercises Exercises 一.单项选择1.I found Lisa's bag in the playground 　　　accident. I picked it up and returned it to her. A.for　　　 B.with　　　 C.of　　　 D.by2.If you want to learn well, you can often make a 　　　of knowledge points. A.list　　　 B.promise　　　 C.website　　　 D.product3.Not only I but also he 　　　able to drive a car. We both have passed the driving test. A.are 　　　 B.is　　　 C.were　　　 D.was4.—Will you buy the blue T⁃shirt?—Yes, I will. Its price is 　　　and I can afford it. A.expensive　　　B.cheap　　　 C.high　　　 D.low5.There is 　　　knocking at the door. Can you open it, please? A.somebody　　　B.anybody C.nobody　　　 D.everybody Exercises √ √ √ √ √ 6.Don't stand on the ice, Mike. It's not 　　　. You may fall into the icy water. A.thick enough　 B.enough thick C.thin enough　 D.enough thin 7.The government often 　　　us to use public transportation because of the air pollution. A.encourages　 B.stops C.avoids　　　 D.suggests 8.The traditional Chinese lunar calendar 　　　a year 　　　24 solar terms (节气). A.divides...into　 B.mixes...with C.translates...into D.covers...with9.—Bobbie, how do your parents like pop music? —　　　my dad 　　　my mom likes it. Both of them even sing along with it. A.Neither, nor　　　 B.Either, or C.Not only, but also D.Both，and10.　　　 America's NBA games are the most famous, the CBA games are becoming more popular in China. A.Because　　　 B.Although C.If　　　 D.Until Exercises √ √ √ √ √ Exercises 二. 用所给词的适当形式填空1. I think the car is one of the most helpful _________(invent) in the world. 2. Linda’s sister seemed _______(get) angry with her boyfriend. 3. Now smart phones are _______(wide) used in almost all areas in China. 4. The fridge is used for ________(keep) food cold.5. I like collecting stamps because it can bring me fun and ________ (please). 6. The dog ______________(sudden) started barking at me. 7. I ____________(ring) the doorbell, but nobody answered. 8. It’s said that tea was first ___________(drink) about 5,000 years ago. 9. They will have a __________(discuss) about food safety this afternoon. 10. The movie is about an old woman and her three sons in the _______________(seventeen) century. inventions to get widely keeping pleasure suddenly rang drunk discussion seventeenth Exercises 三. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词1. 和许多人一样，我偶然进入了软件开发领域。Like many people, I got into software development _____ ______. 2. 据说这个故事发生在西湖。_____ _____ _____ the story happened on the West Lake. 3. 拼写比赛下周将在我们学校举行。The spelling contest will _____ ______ at our school next week. 4. 她掉进游泳池时我们听见扑通的一声。We heard the splash when she _____ ______ the pool. 5. 毫无疑问，对我一生影响最大的人是我的母亲佩吉。The person who has had the biggest influence on my life, ______ ______, is my mother, Peggy. by accident It’s said that take place fell into without doubt Exercises 6.现在越来越多的年轻人喜欢看真人秀节目。Now 　　　 　　　 　　　young people love to watch reality shows. 7.让我们假设你在做饭,同时又在照看孩子。Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby _____ ___ _____ ______. 8.莉莉不仅会唱歌,还会弹钢琴。Lily can　　　 　　　sing　　　 　　　play the piano. 9.他发现他错把萨莉的太阳镜装进他的背包里了。He found that he had put Sally's sunglasses into his backpack_____ ______　　　 　　　 10.许多年轻人仰慕这些篮球偶像,并想成为像他们一样的人。Many young people 　　　 　　　 　　　these basketball heroes and want to become like them. more and more at t he same time not only but also by mistake look up to Homework 0 7 Homework Homework Homework Remember the words, expressions and sentences in this unit. Thank you! $$