2026届高三英语一轮复习语法知识点动词时态知识清单

动词的时态 时态：是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。 知识地图： 现在 一般现在时 过去 一般过去时 将来 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 将来进行时 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 将来完成时 第一部分：现在 知识点1：一般现在时 知识点2：现在进行时 知识点3：现在完成时 知识点4：现在完成进行时 一、一般现在时： 1. 表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征、真理。 句子多有often, usually, always, sometimes, occasionally, seldom rarely, never, every day等时间状语。 He goes to school by bus every morning. He’s very happy. The earth moves around the sun. 2. 在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，即：主将、从、祈从现。 If you come this afternoon, we will have a meeting.主将从现 When I graduate, I’ll go to the countryside. If you go to the party tomorrow, so will I. （我也去） If I meet this saleswoman, I may trust her. （主情从现） If you meet this saleswoman, stop listening to her. （主祈从现） 3. 表示按时刻表发生计划好，已规定的不易变更的动作，句中多有时间状语。 常见此类动词： come, go, begin, start, open, close, take off(起飞), arrive, leave, stop, return…… The train leaves at 7:00 in the morning. The plane takes off at nine at night. 4. 在运动解说、演示说明、动作描述、剧情介绍、指路、图片说明等用一般现在时。 Smith passes to David, David to Smith, and Smith shoots. A: How do I get to the station. B: You go straight to the traffic lights, then you turn right. 5. 表示状态和感觉的动词，如be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound等常用一般现在时。 I like English very much. The story sounds very interesting. 小总：一般现在时本质：不受时间限制，不随时间改变； 过去、现在、将来一直如此。 口诀：一般现，无时限。 二、现在进行时 am/ is/ are doing 1. 现在进行时表示 此刻正在进行的动作，常用时间状语：now, right now, at present 本阶段正在进行的动作，常用时间状语：these days, these weeks 你现在正在干什么？ What are you doing now? 我正在浇花。 I am watering the flowers. 你这些天在干什么？ What are you doing these days? 我这些天在写一本小说。 I am writing a novel these days. 2. under+n.: 也表示正在进行的动作，可替换成be being done The bridge is under construction。 变：The bridge is being constructed. The car is under repair. 变：The car is being repaired. The problem is under consideration. 变：The problem is being considered. Your plan is under discussion. 变：Your plan is being discussed. 3. 现在进行时与频度副词连用，使句子带有赞赏、厌恶等感情色彩或情绪。 You are always leaving your clothes on the floor. My father is always losing his keys. Miss Zhu is constantly changing her mind. She is forever complaining about her job. 4. 注意：系动词、情感意愿的动词、表示拥有的动词，无进行时态。 be, smell, look, sound love, like, hate, want, prefer, think, believe belong to, own, possess Your idea sounds very good. I want a cup of water. 三、现在完成时 have/has done 肯定：主语+have/has+done(过去分词) 否定：主语+have/has+not+ done(过去分词) 疑问：Have/Has+主语+done (过去分词)...? 1.现在完成时表示动作发生在说话之前，并对现在造成影响。 I have finished my homework, so I can go fishing with you.（动作已经完成，有影响） I have missed my math class, so I have trouble doing my homework now. （动作有影响） 2. 现在完成时表示动作开始于过去、持续到现在，（或许会持续下去），多与段时间连用。 He has studied English for 5 years. （动作持续到现在） He has come here for 10 minutes. × 为什么？ 注意表示段时间，需用延续性动词 3. 下列时间状语必须与现在完成时连用： since, ever since, so far, up to now, in the past/last ＋段时间 in the past/last few…… ＋pln. 到目前为止，我们已经植树500课。 So far, we have planted 500 trees. 自从1985年以来，他就学英语。 Since 1985, he has studied English. 在过去的三年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown. 4. have been to sp. : 去过某地（已经回来了） have gone to sp. ：去了某地（还没有回来） A：Where’s my mother, Dad? B: She has gone to New York on business. She left for the airport at five in the morning A: Mary knows Paris very well. She knows almost everything. B: No wonder. She has been to Paris many times. 5. 在时间和条件状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来完成。 I’ll go to your home when I have finished my work. If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park. 6. 现在完成时句型： It is the first time that sb. have/has done. It is the first time that l have seen (see) such a thrilling(令人激动的) video. 小总： 现在完成时的时间标志 最近 lately; recently; in recent years 一段时间 for ＋ 时间段 in/ over the past years 自始 since +时间点 至终 so far; up to now; by now; until now 次数 twice; three times 比较：一般过去时 昨天 yesterday 上周/年/月 last week/month/year 几天前 the other day 几年前 ...years ago 那个时候 then 在……年 in 1984 之前 previously 注意： 是否持续到现在 一般过去时:I stayed in Beijing for 5 days. （已经过去的某个时间中的“5天”） 现在完成时:I have stayed in Beijing for 5 days. （截止到“现在”，已经待了5天） 口诀：现完到现才完，一过便过，与现无关。 四、现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 1. 现在完成进行时表示动作发生在过去某时，一直持续到说话的现在，很有可能还要持续下去，（也有可能刚刚结束），句中多有段时间状语。“一直” ① I have to see the doctor, because I have been coughing lately. ② A: I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. B: I think so. He has been preparing for it 4 hours. ③ We have been working on the project for 5 hours. Let’s have a rest. ④ A: You look so tired. B: I have been cleaning the house the whole morning. 2. 区分现在完成时和现在完成进行时 现在完成时： 现在，动作已经结束， 并对现在造成影响 现在完成进行时：持续性动作 He wants to out playing football because he has finished the homework. （完成了作业） It has been raining for two days and when will it stop?（下了两天的雨） 第二部分：过去 知识点1：一般过去时 知识点2：过去进行时 知识点3：过去完成时 知识点4：过去完成进行时 一、一般过去时 1. 一般过去时表示过去发生的事，存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。 他昨天看见王先生了。 He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. 1986年他在一家工厂工作。 He worked in a factory in 1986. 2. used to do/be 和 would do used to do/be 过去常常/曾经是 表示过去常常，现在不这样了，强调今昔对比 过去规则的习惯；客观性强。有无时间状语都可以 would do 老是，总是 过去经常这样，过去的习惯，与现在无关 过去不规则的习惯；主观性强 He used to go to school at 6:30 in the morning. He would sit in front of the window, deinking coffee when it rained. He used to smoke but now he has given it up. During the vacation, I would swim in the sea when I was free. 3. used to do 和 be/get used to used to do 过去常做（现在不做） be used to n./doing 习惯于做某事 I used to ride this bike. I’m used to cycing every weekend. 总结： 一般过去时本质： 过去发生的动作，过去开始，过去结束。 I went to the gym the other day. I have been to many countries and I arrived in ltaly in 2019. He previously worked as a lawyer. 二、过去进行时：was/were doing 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。 当我进来时，他正在修电脑。 When I came in, he was repairing the computer 昨晚七点，他正在看电视。 At 7:00 last night, he was watching TV. He was writing a novel those days. 常考句型：过去进行时句型：was/were doing... when sb. did...正在做……突然…… 三、过去完成时 had done 过去完成时基本形式： 肯定：主语+had+done（过去分词） 否定：主语+had not+done（过去分词） 疑问：Had+主语+ done（过去分词）...? 1. 过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的某一时刻或某一动作之前，即表示过去的过去。 I had learned (learn) 5000 English words before I went to the university. I had finished (finish) my homework when my mother came back. 2. 下列时间状语必须与过去完成时连用 ① by the time ＋过去时间：截止到…… 截止到去年，这些工人们已经建了十座大楼。 By the time of last year, these workers had built ten buildings ② By the time ＋一般过去时的从句：主句用had done （截止）到他10岁的时候，他已经建立了自己的实验室。 By the time he was ten, he had built his own lab. 到我妈妈回来的时候，我已经完成了我作业。 By the time my mother came back, I had finished my homework. ③ had…hardly/scarcely …done（A）when (did) (B) 一（A）就（B） had…no sooner…done（A）than(did) (B) They had hardly returned home when it began to rain. They had scarcely returned home when it began to rain. They had no sooner returned home that it began to rain. 翻译：I had hardly paid money when the price dropped greatly. 一付钱，就降价。 翻译：He had no sooner sworn to god than it thundered. 一发誓，就打雷 放在句首时倒装： Hardly/Scarcely had sb. done when …(did) … Hardly/Scarcely had they returned home when it began to rain. No sooner had sb. done than…(did)… No sooner had they returned home than it began to rain.. 小总： 过去完成时 1 无明确时间标志：已有did, 且动作在did 前。 He had known her before he saw her. 2 明确时间标志：by/before ＋过去时间 I had got 5 bites by 3 o’clock last night, 3 特殊句型： sb. had…hardly/scarcely …done（A）when (did) (B) 一（A）就（B） sb. had…no sooner…done（A）than (did) (B) 一（A）就（B） It was the first time that sb. had done 四、过去完成进行时： had been doing 表示过去某一时刻或动作前一直持续进行的动作或存在的状态。 The ground was wet. It had been raining. At last the bus came. I had been waiting for half an hour. (我已经等了半个小时) He gave up smoking last year. He had been smoking for 20 years. （他吸了20年的烟） They said they had been fighting for their rights all those years. 第三部分：将来 知识点1：一般将来时 知识点2：过去将来时 知识点3：将来进行时 知识点4：将来完成时 一、一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态 1. be going to do : 按事先计划打算做某事（近期即将发生），天气情况 他们打算明天上午开会。 They are going to have/hold a meeting tomorrow morning. 要下雨了。 It’s going to rain. 2. will do 和 shall do will do: 用于各种人称 shall do: 用于第一人称 表示临时决定做某事或表单纯的将来 A: Mary was injured in a car accident last night. B: Oh my God! I will go to see her this afternoon. 3. be about to do： 表示即将马上发生的动作，句中多无时间状语。 He’s about to go out for a walk. 常考句式：be about to do… when…（多用于过去将来时）正要做……就在这时…… 类似句式：be on the point of doing be doing when had (just) done 我正要上床睡觉，就在这时有人敲门。 I was about to go to bed, when somebody knocked at the door. 我正要出去这时玛丽来了。 I was about to go out when Mary came back. 我正在工作这时电话响了。 I was working when the phone rang. 我刚写完作业，这时妈妈回来了。 I had just finished my homework when my mother came back. 4. be to do ① 一般将来时，表示按计划打算做某事，多有时间状语。 They are to get married in May. ②表示命中注定或不可避免发生的事。 People in old days thought disasters were to happen if a mirror was broken. You are to be punished if you cheat in the exam. ③用于if条件句：“想要” The flowers must be watered every 3 days if they are to survive. Study hard every day if you are to succeed. ④表示义务、责任或命令。 You are to report it to the police if an accident happens. “You are to come back before 10 at night”, he told his son. ⑤表示按药品产品说明书做某事 According to the instructions （说明书）, the medicine is to be taken 3 times a day. 5. 短暂性动词的进行时可代替将来时。 即：现在进行时代替一般将来时；过去进行时代替过去将来时. v.短：come, go, start, begin, finish, arrive, get to, reach, leave, take, bring, stay, see off等。 She is flying to New York next week. 她下周要飞纽约。 We are meeting at the airport tomorrow morning. 我们明天早上在机场碰面。 ①现在进行时代替一般将来时 结构：主语+ be 动词（am/is/are）+短暂性动词的现在分词+ 将来时间状语 含义：按计划、安排近期即将发生的动作 Hu Ge is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. → 胡歌明天要去北京。（计划好的行程） Hu Ge is coming to Shanghai next week for a film premiere. → 胡歌下周要来上海参加电影首映礼。（已安排的活动） They are starting a new project this Friday. → 他们本周五要启动一个新项目。（既定计划） ②过去进行时代替过去将来时 结构：主语+ be 动词（was/were）+ 短暂性动词的现在分词 + 过去将来时间状语 含义：在过去某个时间点看来，即将发生的动作： I heard that Hu Ge was arriving in Paris the next day. → 我当时听说胡歌第二天要抵达巴黎。（过去的计划） She told me they were leaving for the awards ceremony that evening. → 她告诉我他们那天晚上要去参加颁奖典礼。（过去的安排） The director said the filming was starting next month. → 导演说拍摄下个月就要开始了。（从过去视角看未来） ③与一般将来时的区别 现在进行时表将来：强调计划、安排的确定性，通常有明确的时间或上下文。 例句：I’m meeting my friend tonight.（已约好） 一般将来时（will）：强调临时决定或预测，无预先计划。 例句：I’ll help you if you need it.（临时提出帮助） ④注意事项 静态动词（如like, know, have）不可用于进行时表将来。 × I’m knowing the answer tomorrow. √ I’ll know the answer tomorrow. 进行时表将来需有明确时间状语，否则可能误解为正在进行的动作。 √ They are leaving tomorrow.（将来） √ They are leaving.（正在离开） 小总： 一般将来时间标志词: 在XX时间内 in + 一段时间 下一日/月/年next day/month/year 一般将来时的4种形式: will do be going to do 计划 be about to do 马上发生 be to do 计划或义务 二、过去将来时 was/were to do…. was/were about to do was/were going to do would do 用于各种人称 should do 用于第一人称 They were sure that they would succeed. He told me that an important meeting was to be held the following day. I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 三、将来进行时：will/ shall be doing 1. 表示将来某个时刻动作正在进行或表示发生安排要进行的事情。 This time next week, I will be lying on the beach. Don’t phone me between 7 and 8. We’ll be having dinner then. Will you be using your typewriter this evening? We’ll be spending the writer in Australia. 2. 现在/过去进行时的特殊含义 ①表示渐变 The engineer is becoming bald. The weather was becoming unbearable（难以忍受的）. 表示“改变”的动词：become; change; grow; turn; get ②表示强烈情绪 She is always complaining! What a happy time we were spending! 表示“强烈情绪”的标志词： always, all the time, constantly（经常地）, the whole time 四、将来完成时：will/shall have done 1.表示到将来某时刻动作已经发生。“将已发生” When we get there, she will have gone to work. By then we shall have got everything ready. 2. 下列时间状语必须与将来完成时连用。 ①by the end of ＋将来时间：截止到……末 截止到下周末我们将植树500课。 By the end of next week, we will have planted 500 trees. ②by the time ＋一般现在时从句，主句：将来完成 “到……时候” 到我们到电影院时，电影已经开始。 By the time we get to the cinema, the film will have begun. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$