主题语境十六 认识自然、探索自然（教师用书）-【新高考方案】2026年高考英语一轮总复习（人教 主题复习版）

[提示]　单元语基的识记背诵见学生用书配套分册《单元词汇随身背》 必修1　UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS 一、默写核心单词 1．natural disasters　　　　　　 自然灾害 2．the flood season 洪水季节 3．rescue_workers 救援工人 4．serious damage 严重损害 5．a house destroyed by fire 被大火摧毁的房子 6．take shelter 寻求庇护 7．ruin the environment 破坏环境 8．one hundred percent 百分之百 9．be trapped underground 被困在地下 10．bury treasure 埋藏财宝 11．make greater efforts 尽更大的努力 12．the food supply 食物供给 13．keep calm 保持冷静 14．crash into a tree 撞上一棵树 15．sweep the floor 清扫地板 16．huge waves 巨浪 17．strike sb.on the head 击中某人的头 二、默写变形单词(依据语境提示写出单词的正确形式) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 三、默写重点短语 1．in_ruins　　　　　　 严重受损；破败不堪 2．in_shock 震惊；吃惊 3．come_to_an_end 结束；终结 4．dig_out 挖掘出；发现 5．on_hand 现有(尤指帮助) 6．nothing_but_ 仅仅；只是 7．sweep_away 消灭；彻底消除 8．get_back_up_on_one's_feet 站起来；(使)恢复；重新振作起来 9．in_the_open_air 露天；在户外 10．in_all_directions 朝四面八方 四、默写经典句式(完成句子) 1．It seemed as_if_the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 2．I was_having_breakfast_with my three children when water started filling my home. 当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。 必修3　UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION 一、默写核心单词 1．launch a new product　　 推出一种新产品 2．leap with joy 欣喜若狂 3．friends of mankind 人类的朋友 4．have a strong desire 有强烈的愿望 5．the starting signal 起跑信号 6．lack self-confidence 缺乏自信 7．float in the water 在水中漂浮 8．otherwise lag behind 否则落后 9．beyond description 难以形容 10．keen on the ballet 热衷于芭蕾舞 11．in shallow waters 在浅水区 12．this practice pattern 这种练习模式 13．a very important resource 一种非常重要的资源 二、默写变形单词(依据语境提示写出单词的正确形式) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 三、默写重点短语 1．on_board　　　　　　　 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上 2．carry_on 继续做；坚持干 3．in_the_hope_of_doing_sth. 抱着……的希望 4．so_as_to_(do_sth.) 为了；以便 5．figure_out_ 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 6．result_in 导致；造成 7．as_a_result_ 所以；结果(是) 8．provide_for_sb. 提供生活所需 9．in_closing 最后 10．run_out 用完；耗尽 四、默写经典句式(完成句子) 1．Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to_enter_space. 之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。 2．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would_float_off_otherwise. 宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固定住，因为所有的东西要不然都会飘走。 选择性必修4　UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION 一、默写核心单词 1．tales of adventure　　　　　　 冒险故事 2．lifelong bonds of friendship 终生的友谊纽带 3．pay more income tax 缴纳更多的所得税 4．in a different league 不属同一个级别 5．in the meanwhile 与此同时 6．a dangerous opponent_ 一个危险的对手 7．a detailed log of the trip 旅行的详细记录 8．be under arrest 被逮捕 二、默写变形单词(依据语境提示写出单词的正确形式) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 三、默写重点短语 1．set_sail 起航；开航 2．in_a_league_of_one's_own 独领风骚 3．withdraw_from 退出；撤回 4．in_hand 在手头；可供使用 5．search_for 寻找；搜寻 6．lead_to 导致；通向 7．under_the_command_of 在……指挥下 8．in_return 作为报答 9．for_the_benefit_of_ 为了……的利益 10．take_action 采取行动 四、默写经典句式(完成句子) 1．To_complete_the_great_map_of_the_world_was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. 在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。 2.The ancient sea routes travelled_by_Zheng_He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.随着作为“一带一路”倡议组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。 第1课时　对标主题—自然灾害 一、主题词汇“拉清单” 子语境 归拢教材内词汇 拓展教材外词汇 灾害及 影响 disaster, tornado, drought, landslide/landfall，slide, tsunami, flood, volcanic eruption, magnitude, damage, destroy, death, affect, crack, as if, ruin, in ruins, shock, in shock, trap, bury, suffer, volcano, erupt, typhoon, hurricane, emergency, crash, wave, strike, come to an end 1.de-ice v．　除冰 2.melt v. 融化 3.frostbite n．& v. 冻伤 4.cloudburst n. (突然的)大暴雨 5.sunburst n. 云开日出 6.misty adj. 多雾的 7.pour down 倾盆大雨 8.stay put 留在原地；固定不动 9.biting wind 刺骨的寒风 10.sub-zero temperature 零度以下的气温 11.stricken area 受灾地区 12.lose one's precious life 失去某人宝贵的生命 13.rebuild one's home 重建某人的家园 14.take on a new look 呈现新面貌 救援及重建 rescue, evacuate, helicopter, shelter, brick, metal, electricity, breathe，revive, revival, effort, unify, wisdom, supply, in the open air，survive, power, tap, pipe, calm, aid, first aid kit, on hand, sweep, sweep away, deliver, summary, effect, length 二、核心词汇“自盘查” Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．When the hurricane hit, the city was flooded (淹没), causing extensive damage. 2．The rescue (救援) team worked tirelessly to free those trapped (困在) in the collapsed buildings after the earthquake. 3．The local community opened up schools and community centers as temporary shelters (避难所) for those affected by the flood. 4．The fire ruined the building, and only a few people survived (幸存)． 5．The government is making an effort (努力) to rebuild the town after the flood. 6．We are supplying (提供) food and medical aid to the country hit by the severe earthquake. 7．After the parade, the workers quickly swept (清扫) the streets clean. 8．A powerful storm is expected to strike (侵袭) the coast later tonight.Residents are advised to take necessary preparations. 9．The rain continued to pour (倾盆而下) down. Ⅱ.语境辨义(写出黑体词汇的词性及词义) 1．The company managed to survive the crisis.vt.艰难度过 2．The flu is affecting millions of people this winter.vt.侵袭 3．The patient went into shock after the severe car accident.n.休克 4．The professor will deliver a lecture on the history of art this afternoon.vt.发表 5．A flood of memories came rushing back to him.n.大量 Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．The athlete was out of breath (breathe) after finishing the marathon. 2．Many people were injured and three people died(death) in the accident. 3．His failure in the match was a shocking (shock) piece of news for his fans. 4．All the suffering/sufferings (suffer) will pass and we should be positive about future. 5．It is wise(wisdom) of you to give up your possessions in the fire because nothing is more important than life. 6．In his eyes, you could see the deep affection (affect) he held for the city where he grew up. 7．The nature is very powerful (power) so we'd better respect it. 8．The flood delayed the delivery (deliver) of the mail. 9．The length (long) of your speech must be at least 5 minutes. 10．The government has taken effective (effect) measures to reduce the damage caused by the landslide. Ⅳ.选词填空 come to an end， in ruins， in shock， in the open air， sweep away， on hand 1．The waves caused by the tsunami swept_away more than 1,000 lives. 2．Rescue workers put up many tents in_the_open_air to shelter survivors of the earthquake. 3．Let's settle the business on_hand first. 4．The town is in_ruins,_but fortunately the hospital remains in good condition and usable. 5．All the survivors looked at the fallen houses in_shock after the earthquake. 6．It is my honour to be here today, as we reflect on the journey that has now come_to_an_end. 三、重点词汇“拓认知” 1．ruin |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)lie/be in ruins　　　 严重受损；破败不堪 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 (2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡 ruin one's health/fame/image/future 毁掉某人的健康/声誉/形象/前途 |多|维|训|练|　 ①The ancient castle was reduced to ruins after the disastrous earthquake. ②(话题写作之健康生活)Regularly consuming junk food can ruin_people's_health over time. 长期吃垃圾食品会逐渐损害人们的健康。 ③(话题写作之灾害救助)After the earthquake, many homes were/lay_in_ruins. 地震发生后，许多房屋变成了废墟。 2．shock |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是极大的震惊 in shock　　　　　　 震惊；吃惊 (2)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 (3)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked at/by ... 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊 联想发散：各种“惊讶”荟萃： astonishing/astonished；amazing/amazed； surprising/surprised |多|维|训|练|　 ①I looked at my husband in shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.But he only shook his head. ②I was shocked to_hear (hear) that the old castle had been destroyed. ③(神情描写)The news was_a_great_shock_to the poor girl and she started to cry. 这个消息对这个可怜的女孩来说是一个极大的震惊，她开始哭了起来。 ④(场景描写)The sudden flood shocked_the_small_mountain_village. 突如其来的洪水让这个小山村感到震惊。 3．bury |系|统|归|纳|　 埋头于；专心于 (2)bury one's face in one's hands　双手掩面 联想发散：表示“专心于”的短语还有： be devoted to；be absorbed/engaged in；fix/focus/concentrate (one's attention) on。 |多|维|训|练|　 ①The girl was sitting there, burying (bury) her face in her hands. ②(动作描写)He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading.(用过去分词短语作状语升级) →He sat at a wooden table, buried_in_reading. ③(场景描写)He buried himself in his lessons and knew nothing about the outside world.(用现在分词短语作状语升级) →Burying_himself_in_his_lessons,_he knew nothing about the outside world. 4．strike |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)be struck by　　　　　　 被……打动/迷住 strike ...into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心 某人突然想起…… (2)be on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 (3)striking adj. 引人注目的；突出的 联想发散：表示“某人突然想起……”常用的结构还有： It hit sb.that ...; It occurred to sb.that ...。 |多|维|训|练|　 ①Li Bai is best known for his rich imagination and striking (strike) imagery in his poetry. ②It struck me that I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day. ③(心理描写)被他为我所做的事情所感动，我没能控制住自己，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(一句多译) →Because I_was_struck_by_what_he_had_done_for_me,_I couldn't contain myself, tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. →Struck_by_what_he_had_done_for_me,_I couldn't contain myself, tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(用过去分词短语作状语) 5．effort |系|统|归|纳|　 to do sth. 努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事 (2)with effort 努力地 without effort 毫不费力地；容易地 |多|维|训|练|　 ①My English teacher spares no effort to_help (help) me with my English. ②She solved the difficult math problem without effort, amazing everyone in the room. ③(话题写作之个人成长)Whatever I do in the future, I'll make_an_effort/efforts/every_effort_to_achieve_my_goal. 无论我将来做什么，我都会努力实现我的目标。 ④(主旨升华句)No pains, no gains.With_great_effort,_one can gain wisdom.一份耕耘，一份收获。只有付出巨大的努力，一个人才能获得智慧。 6．supply |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)in short supply　　　　　 短缺 have a good supply of ... 备有许多…… 为某人提供某物 联想发散：表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有： ①provide sb.with sth.＝provide sth.for/to sb. ②offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb. |多|维|训|练|　 ①I'd like to know the reason why the milk is in short supply in this area now. ②The explosive mixture in a rocket consists of both a fuel and a supply of oxygen. ③(话题写作之学校生活)此外，夏令营还为会员提供了一个参观一些博物馆的机会。(一句多译) →In addition, the camp supplies_members_with_a_chance to visit some museums. →In addition, the camp supplies_a_chance_to_members to visit some museums. ④(话题写作之灾害救助)After the typhoon, many regions suffered_from_the_shortage_of_food_and_water_supplies. 台风过后，许多地区遭受食物和水供应短缺。 7．survive |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)survive from ...　　 从……存活下来 survive on ... 依靠……生存下来 survive ...by ... 比……多活了…… (2)survivor n. 幸存者 survival n． [U]生存；存活；幸存；[C]残存物 |多|维|训|练|　 ①After being lost in the wilderness for a week, he managed to survive from the hardship thanks to his strong will and survival skills. ②In the harsh desert environment, the camels survive on thin plants and can go without water for weeks. ③(主旨升华句)Life isn't about_how_to_survive_the_storm;_it's about learning to dance in the rain. 生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。 ④(话题写作之灾害救助)After the hurricane swept through the town, it_was_a_struggle_for_many_people_to_survive/many_people_struggled_to_survive. 在飓风席卷这个小镇后，许多人挣扎着存活下来。 8．effect |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)come into/take effect　 生效；见效 have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响 bring/carry/put ...into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用 (2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的；实际的 effectively adv. 有效地；实际上 |多|维|训|练|　 ①My hard work proved to be very effective (effect)．I had the most successful season of my career. ②(话题写作之环境保护)As you know, since the policy was_put/brought/carried_into_effect,_the pollution has been greatly reduced.如你所知，自从实行这项政策以来，污染大大减少了。 ③(环境描写)When I was surrounded by nature, it struck me that the beauty and peace have_a_profound_effect_on/upon_ my well-being, bringing a sense of peace and refreshment. 当身处大自然中时，我突然想到美丽和宁静对我的健康产生了深远的影响，给我带来了平静和焕发活力的感觉。 9．come to an end |系|统|归|纳|　 bring/put an end to sth.＝bring/put sth.to an end　结束/终止某事 carry ...through to the end 将……进行到底 make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出 by the end of 到……为止 in the end 最后；终于 |多|维|训|练|　 ①As the economy was in decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs.Many of their families were struggling to make ends (end) meet. ②It's hoped that the project may bring/put_an_end_to school bullying in the area. 人们希望这个项目可以结束该地区的校园欺凌。 ③We must carry_the_experiment_through_to_the_end,_not giving it up halfway. 我们必须将这项实验进行到底，不要中途放弃。 ④(主旨升华句)After years of hard work and dedication, our journey has_come_to_an_end,_but it is just the beginning of a new chapter in our lives. 经过多年的努力和奉献，我们的旅程已经结束，但这只是我们生活中新篇章的开始。 (2024·浙江1月高考·阅读理解C篇)On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $ 2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo, North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt, Mr.Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.(说明：文中加黑词汇为主题词汇) [真题评价] [价值导向]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大的防雹干预计划之争。选文提醒我们既要认识自然灾害，有灾害防范意识，又要辩证思考面对灾害的最佳解决方式，提高应对灾害的能力。 1．What does the project aim to do? A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Prevent the formation of hailstones. C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D．Investigate chemical use in farming. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result ...dangerous hailstones.”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。 2．Who are opposed to the project? A．Farmers in east-central Alberta. B．Managers of insurance companies. C．Provincial government officials. D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta ...worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。 3．Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D．To show the link between storms and moisture. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D．Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Due to the lack of scientific proof ...a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.”可推知，人工降雨公司将继续存在。 [语篇精读] 一、理文脉，把握文章大意 本文是一篇说明文，采用了“问题—解决”型的语篇模式。 二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料 1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ①(熟词生义)Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.v.播撒 ②(熟词生义)But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.adj.干旱的 ③(熟词生义)Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.v.发表演讲 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ①ice crystals　　　　　　　 冰晶 ②the provincial government 省政府 ③opposite effect 相反的效果_ ④lack of scientific proof 缺乏科学证据 ⑤win a lawsuit against 赢得对……的诉讼 三、析难句，破解阅读障碍 1．Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. 抓标志：从属连词before 判类型：主句＋目的状语＋时间状语从句 试翻译：飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶还没来得及变成危险的冰雹就像雨一样落下。 2．But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. 抓标志：从属连词that 判类型：主句＋宾语从句 试翻译：但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“防雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干旱的土地上偷走。 一、学经典句式，写美句子　 句式1　as if引导表语从句或方式状语从句 |解|读|规|则| (1)as if相当于as though，意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem, look等系动词之后引导表语从句。as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。 (2)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，从句要用陈述语气。 (3)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。 ①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)； ②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)； ③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。 (4)as if/though引导的状语从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常可以省略。 |习|练|规|则|　(单句语法填空/变换句式) ①Listen, the whistle of an ambulance！It seems as if there is (be) an emergency. ②When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks as if it were (be) broken. ③The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt. →The old man was lying on the ground as if badly_hurt.(状语从句的省略) |应|用|写|美| ④(场景描写)一靠近房子的时候，我注意到爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，一脸悲伤。 好像发生了什么不愉快的事情。 Upon approaching the house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck, looking sad.It_seemed_as_if_something_unpleasant_happened. ⑤(神情描写)杰克什么也没说，但老师对他笑了笑，好像他做了一件非常聪明的事。 Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as_if_he_had_done_something_very_clever. 句式2　be doing sth.when ...“正在做某事，这时……” |解|读|规|则| (1)be about to do ...when ...　　 正要做……突然…… (2)be on the point of doing ...when ... 正要做……突然…… (3)had (just/hardly) done ...when ... 刚做完……这时……(hardly位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装) |习|练|规|则|　(变换句式) ①She was walking along the bank of the river, and just at that time she heard a cry for help. →She was_walking_along_the_bank_of_the_river_when she heard a cry for help. ②I had hardly got home when I took out my suitcase and packed my necessities into it. →Hardly had_I_got_home_when_I_took_out_my_suitcase and packed my necessities into it. |应|用|写|美| ③(动作描写)她正要把花送给李先生，突然摔倒在地。 She_was_about_to_present_Mr_Li_with_the_flowers_when_she_fell_to_the_ground. ④(场景描写)我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子塌了。 I_had_just_escaped_from_the_burning_house_when_it_fell_to_the_ground. 二、建构主题语义场，丰韵语段　 (一)自然灾害　 1．a disastrous result　　　　　 灾难性的结果 2．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 3．death and destruction 死亡与破坏 4．sweep away 消灭；彻底消除 5．bring about 引起；导致 6．The whole city was in shock, and the air was filled with dust and screams of those trapped and those who couldn't find their loved ones. 整个城市陷入了震惊，空气中充满了尘土和被困者的尖叫声，以及那些找不到亲人的人的呼喊声。 7．The hurricane brought strong winds and heavy rain, causing flooding and power shutdowns. 飓风带来了强风和暴雨，导致洪水泛滥和停电。 8．The earthquake caused widespread damage to buildings and infrastructure. 地震对建筑物和基础设施造成了广泛的破坏。 9．The typhoon left behind a trail of destruction, with downed trees and power lines. 台风过后留下了一片狼藉，树木倒塌、电线中断。 (二)灾难救助　 1．first aid kit　　　　　　　 急救箱 2．on hand 现有(尤指帮助) 3．be filled with 充满 4．respond quickly 迅速反应 5．medical supplies 医疗用品 6．rescue groups 搜救队 7．With every breath filled with dust, they began their efforts to rescue those trapped. 呼吸中还带有灰尘，他们就开始努力营救那些被困的人。 8．Some built temporary shelters in the open air, using whatever materials they could find. 有些人在露天地方用他们能找到的任何材料搭建临时避难所。 (三)灾后重建　 1．be affected by　　　　　　 受……影响 2．be faced with 面对 3．in spite of 尽管 4．show great strength 展现巨大的力量 5．take on a new look 呈现新面貌 6．The survivors were determined to rebuild their lives.幸存者们决心重建他们的生活。 7．They united together, transforming their grief into a driving force to survive and rebuild. 他们团结在一起，将他们的悲痛转化为生存和重建的驱动力。 8．Volunteers worked tirelessly to rescue, provide aid, and to revive their city.志愿者们不知疲倦地工作，进行救援，提供援助，以振兴他们的城市。 三、应用所学，写好微片段　 (一)主题词汇应用训练(黑体字为主题词汇的复现) A few years ago, a great earthquake ①struck a major city (袭击了一座大城市) and everyone ②was shocked (震惊)．About thirty percent of the buildings there ③lay in ruins (成为废墟). Most people suffered a great deal and many people were ④injured or dead (受伤或死亡)．There was neither electricity nor water.It seemed as if the world were at an end. Luckily, the government immediately ⑤organised rescue teams to evacuate people (组织救援队去疏散群众) and take the survivors to shelters in the open air.The helicopters ⑥delivered all kinds of/a variety of supplies(递送各种补给品). Many doctors and volunteers also came to their rescue.⑦Thanks to their joint efforts and wisdom (多亏了他们的共同努力和智慧), the city began to breathe and revive itself. (二)细节描写强化训练(对标主题完成语段) 1．描述自然灾害(关键词：海啸) In a small coastal town，an ordinary day ①turned_into (变成) a nightmare when ②a_volcanic_eruption (火山喷发) brought about a massive tsunami.Houses and streets ③were_flooded (被淹没) in an instant.The once crowded town was now ④in_ruins (破败不堪), with nothing left but ⑤shocked_faces_of_the_survivors (幸存者震惊的面孔)．The earth trembled and buildings collapsed, trapping many people in the ruins.The whole city was ⑥in_shock (震惊), and the air was filled with steam and ⑦screams_of_those_trapped (被困者的尖叫声) and those who couldn't find their loved ones. 2．描述灾难救助的场景(关键词：紧急救助) In the midst of disaster, the local people had to①respond_quickly (迅速反应)．②Some_built_temporary_shelters_in_the_open_air (一些人在露天建造临时避难所), using whatever materials they could find.Others organized rescue groups to find missing people, hoping to find them alive.③In_spite_of_the_severe_situation (尽管形势严峻), the spirit of the community was not swept away.With every breath filled with dust, they began their efforts ④to_rescue_those_trapped_(营救那些被困的人)．They used pipes to communicate with those beneath the ruins, listening for faint whistles and tapping sounds.Meanwhile, ⑤temporary_clinics_were_set_up (临时诊所也建立起来), to treat those injured.In face of this emergency, they ⑥remained_calm (保持镇静)． 3．描述重建家园的过程 After the tsunami, the coastal town was left in ruins.①The_surviving_people (幸存的人们), their lives ②completely_affected_by_the_disaster (完全被这场灾难影响), had to be faced with the destruction of their homes.In spite of these circumstances, the survivors ③showed_great_strength (展现出了巨大的力量)．They were not defeated.Instead, they united together，④transforming_their_grief_into_a_driving_force (把他们的悲痛转化为驱动力) to survive and rebuild.⑤Volunteers_worked_tirelessly (志愿者们不知疲倦地工作) to rescue, provide aid, and to revive their city.This was their city, and together, they would bring it back to life. [课时作业评价] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·河南高三下开学考试)When hurricanes left a path of destruction in Puerto Rico, Pennsylvania College of Technology student Natascha G．Santaella felt a variety of painful emotions. “I spent around six days stressing and having a very hard time with me having all the luxuries I currently do and my family not having any，” the Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, resident said.Santaella said that her hometown is without power and water, and people there are scared of what is to come. To reduce her stress, Santaella, who is studying for an associate degree in baking and pastry arts, immersed (沉浸) herself in what she knows best: baking.“It started out as just baking bread and shipping it to the island to then be dispersed to the people, but I found that was very expensive for me to do alone, so I spoke with Chef Charles Niedermyer, our instructor of baking and pastry arts about a sale of baked goods in the college's Bush Campus Center.” “Natascha is a bright, energetic young lady with a big heart，” Niedermyer said.“I was not surprised to find her in my office, looking for ways to help the people of Puerto Rico.” To prepare, Santaella had multiple meetings with Niedermyer, spent hours finalizing recipes, designed signage (标志) and decorations, and got friends to staff the sale table with her.And then there was the baking: Santaella and two friends in the baking and pastry arts major spent six hours baking 90 loaves of bread, 24 dozen dinner rolls and 30 cheesecakes in a variety of flavors. During the six-hour sale, Santaella and her friends raised more than $1,000 for United for Puerto Rico, an initiative designed to provide aid and support to those affected in Puerto Rico by the passage of Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria. “I hope to mainly increase awareness of what has happened, and to show people that there are Puerto Rican students at this school，” Santaella said.“I hope that others had the great experience I had with all my teachers and how understanding they were with me.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们生活无着落时，正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助家乡。 1．Why did Santaella feel very stressed? A. Because a big hurricane was approaching. B．Because she was left without power and water. C．Because her folks were suffering due to hurricanes. D．Because she lost all her belongings in the hurricane. 解析：选C　推理判断题。由第一、二段可知，Santaella得知飓风袭击自己的家乡，家人们损失惨重，不能像自己一样在大学里衣食无忧，因此她的内心非常着急。故选C。 2．What does the underlined word “dispersed” probably mean in paragraph 3? A．Exposed.　　　 B．Connected. C．Distributed. D．Contributed. 解析：选C　词义猜测题。由第三段语境可知，Santaella最初认为，只要把面包烘焙好，运送到岛屿上，然后分发给灾民就可以了，dispersed意为“分发(distributed)”。故选C。 3．What can we learn from the text? A．Niedermyer responded to Santaella's ideas coldly. B．Santaella organized the sale at her college all alone. C．Puerto Rico might be stricken by hurricanes frequently. D．Pennsylvania College has few students from Puerto Rico. 解析：选C　推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，波多黎各人们已经受飓风Irma和飓风Maria的影响，可得出波多黎各可能经常遭受飓风袭击。故选C。 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Hurricane Causes Huge Losses to Puerto Rico B．A student Puts Skills to Use to Help Her Hometown C．A college Student Shows Baking Skills Through Sales D．Teacher and Students Work Together in Fund Raising 解析：选B　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们生活无着落时，正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助被飓风袭击的家乡的故事，B项“一名学生运用技能帮助家乡”符合此意。故选B。 B (2025·兰州市高三诊断考试)The oceans play a crucial role in lightening global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.However, in a study conducted by the University of Texas at Austin, researchers found that the oceans' capacity to absorb carbon dioxide would reach its maximum by 2100 and decrease to half of its current efficiency by 2300, based on a climate simulation (模拟) that was set for a worst-case emissions scenario (设想)． The decline happens because of a surface layer of low-alkalinity (碱度) water that can hinder the ability of the oceans to absorb CO2.Alkalinity affects how much CO2 can dissolve in seawater.Although the emissions scenario used in the study is unlikely because of global efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions, the findings reveal a previously unknown tipping point that if activated would release an important brake on global warming. “We need to think about these worst-case scenarios to understand how our CO2 emissions might affect the oceans not just this century, but next century and the following century.Climate simulations had previously shown that the oceans slow their absorption of CO2 over time, but none had considered alkalinity as an explanation.We recalculated pieces of a 450-year simulation until we hit on alkalinity as a key cause of the slowing.” said Megumi Chikamoto, who led the research at the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics. The effect begins with extreme climate change, which slows ocean currents.This leaves the surface of the oceans covered in a warm layer of fresh water that won't mix easily with the cooler, more alkaline water below it.That means more of the greenhouse gas is left in the atmosphere.This in turn produces faster warming, which sustains and strengthens the low-alkalinity surface layer.Co-author, Pedro DiNezio, said that the discovery was a powerful reminder that the world needs to reduce its CO2 emissions to avoid crossing this and other tipping points. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在未来，海洋吸收二氧化碳能力的下降会导致全球变暖。 5．What may happen after the year 2300? A．More CO2 will be absorbed by the oceans. B．The oceans will lose all their current efficiency. C．The world will face even more severe warming. D．The oceans will be less crucial to global warming. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“researchers found that the oceans' capacity ...decrease to half of its current efficiency by 2300”可知，到2300年，海洋吸收二氧化碳的效率将降低一半，再由上文中的“The oceans play a crucial role in lightening global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.”可知，海洋通过吸收二氧化碳在减缓全球变暖方面起着至关重要的作用。由此可知，一旦海洋吸收二氧化碳的效率降低，全球变暖问题将更严重。故选C。 6．What does the underlined word “hinder” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Improve.　　　　 B．Weaken. C．Protect. D．Control. 解析：选B　词义猜测题。分析画线词所在句的结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为“a surface layer of low-alkalinity (碱度) water”，再由“The decline happens”可知，海洋表层的低碱度海水应该是能够削弱海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力。故hinder意为“削弱”，即weaken，故选B。 7．What does Megumi Chikamoto say about the oceans? A．Finding why they slow CO2 intake is hard. B．Their ability to absorb CO2 is at their maximum. C．They will decide on the future of human beings. D．They will slow down CO2 absorption very quickly. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Climate simulations had previously shown ...none had considered alkalinity as an explanation”可知，以前的气候模拟只是表明一直以来海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力在减弱，但是没有一个考虑到是碱度的原因。由此可知，Megumi Chikamoto应谈到查明为什么海洋降低二氧化碳的吸收很困难。故选A。 8．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A biology textbook. B．A government report. C．Science fiction. D．An environmental journal. 解析：选D　文章出处题。文章主要介绍了海洋吸收二氧化碳的能力对气候变暖的影响，与自然环境紧密相关，故文章有可能来自一本环境期刊，故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Earthquakes are a terrible natural disaster that will cause lots of danger and damage.In the last few years, we have seen some of the worst earthquakes in history.__9__However, we do get some signs from animals, including dogs! Dogs have been known to warn their owners that dangerous weather was coming.We can take the ways our dog reacts in certain situations to give us a hand in predicting when something like an earthquake may be about to happen. Although the signs of a dog sensing an earthquake aren't very clear, dogs who sense earthquakes will show certain signs before the event actually happens.__10__You know your dog well, so it will not be too challenging to tell when there is something wrong.Some dogs will begin to run around in circles and pace up and down crazily.It may appear as if something has frightened them or as if they saw something that made them nervous.__11__ On the other hand, dogs will instinctively look for shelter when they sense bad weather or they feel like they are in danger.__12__ Or if they are outside, they may go into their dog house.It is important that just because your dog is showing all or some of these signs, it does not mean an earthquake or other natural disaster is about to strike. __13__ But take their behaviors seriously and do what you feel is right depending on the situation. A．Many dogs can tell smelly gas. B．Your dog may run off or hide under a bed. C．Using dogs to predict earthquakes is not new. D．If there is a coming earthquake, your dog will act strangely. E．They will also often bark for what seems to be no right reason. F．Earthquakes generally come with no warning and are hard to predict. G．There may be other reasons dogs may act this way or appear afraid for seemingly no reason. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了狗可以在地震来临前预测地震，并介绍了狗的一些反常行为。 9．选F　根据后文“然而，我们确实从动物那里得到了一些迹象，包括狗”可知，后文与本句构成转折，指出狗可以预测地震可知，本句是在说明地震难以预测的事实。故F选项“地震通常没有预警，很难预测”符合语境。 10．选D　根据后文列举了一些地震前狗的反常行为，故D选项“如果地震即将来临，你的狗会表现得很奇怪”符合语境。 11．选E　空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“有些狗会开始绕着圈子跑，上蹿下跳。看起来好像有什么东西让他们害怕了，或者好像他们看到了什么让他们紧张的东西”可知，本句与上文并列，都是在说明狗的反常行为。故E选项“它们也会经常为一些似乎没有正确的理由而吠叫”符合语境。 12．选B　根据上文可知狗会本能地寻找庇护所可知，本句是对上文庇护所的举例说明。故B选项“你的狗可能会跑或藏在床底下”符合语境，且与下文构成并列关系。 13．选G　根据后文“但是认真对待它们的行为，根据情况做你认为正确的事情”和上一段讲到狗会寻找庇护所来躲避地震可知，本句是在总结狗可能有其他的原因会躲避或看起来害怕，与后文构成转折，故G选项符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 On 20 December, in Newdale, a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore.Worse still, it __14__ thousands dead.Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to __15__ the disaster without any loss of life.A 10-year-old girl, Sabrina Andron, helped around 100 people escape __16__ with her knowledge of tsunamis. The day began like any other on Goldshore Beach.People were walking, running or simply sitting on the sandy beach, __17__ the warm sea air and enjoying the soft __18__ that brushed their hair.Sabrina was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something __19__.“The water was like the bubbles (气泡) on the top of a beer，” she later explained.“It wasn't __20__ and it wasn't going in and then out.It was just coming in and in and in.” It struck her that these were the __21__ of an upcoming tsunami, which Sabrina had just learnt about in a Geography lesson. Sabrina was__22__， but she soon kept her head.She __23__ her parents of the danger though at first they just thought she was joking.However, Sabrina was certain that a terrible __24__ was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety __25__.To her great relief, the officer__26__ realized the coming danger.The beach was rapidly __27__ of people, just before the huge waves __28__ into the coast. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个小女孩Sabrina Andron用自己的海啸知识帮助100多人逃离危险。 14．A.left　　　　　 B．brought C．affected D．led 解析：选A　根据下文“thousands dead”可知，地震带来的海啸造成了数千人死亡。故选A。 15．A.recognize B．survive C．challenge D．quit 解析：选B　根据下文“without any loss of life”可知，Goldshore Beach是在这场灾难中唯一幸存下来的海滩。故选B。 16．A.stress B．reality C．danger D．failure 解析：选C　根据上文“a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore”可知，海啸来袭，她用自己的知识帮助人们脱离危险，故选C。 17．A.making up B．taking in C．focusing on D．checking out 解析：选B　根据下文“the warm sea air”可知，人们在沙滩上呼吸着温暖的海洋空气。故选B。 18．A.wave B．sunshine C．whistle D．wind 解析：选D　根据下文“that brushed their hair”可知，沙滩上轻柔的海风拂着头发。故选D。 19．A.unique B．powerful C．strange D．attractive 解析：选C　根据下文“‘The water was like the bubbles (气泡) on the top of a beer，’ she later explained.”可知，Sabrina在海滩上注意到一些奇怪的事情。故选C。 20．A.narrow B．adventurous C．distant D．calm 解析：选D　根据下文“and it wasn't going in and then out.It was just coming in and in and in”可知，海水并不平静。故选D。 21．A.signs B．damages C．effects D．results 解析：选A　根据下文“which Sabrina had just learnt about in a Geography lesson”可知，Sabrina意识到的奇怪的事情是海啸即将到来的迹象。故选A。 22．A.embarrassed B．confused C．annoyed D．frightened 解析：选D　根据下文“but she soon kept her head”可知，Sabrina见到海啸很害怕，但是又很快保持冷静。故选D。 23．A.warned B．cheated C．helped D．debated 解析：选A　根据“of the danger”可知，她警告父母有危险。故选A。 24．A.disease B．disaster C．accident D．drought 解析：选B　根据上文“an upcoming tsunami”可知，一场可怕的灾难即将来临。故选B。 25．A.officer B．designer C．partner D．inventor 解析：选A　根据下文“the officer”可知，她要求父母和安全官员谈话。故选A。 26．A.actually B．anxiously C．immediately D．curiously 解析：选C　根据上文“To her great relief”和下文“realized the coming danger”可知，安全官员立刻意识到即将来临的海啸的危险。故选C。 27．A.informed B．robbed C．reminded D．cleared 解析：选D　根据上文“To her great relief, the officer ________ realized the coming danger.”和常识可知，海啸即将来临，尽快清空海滩上的人们。故选D。 28．A.slid B．crashed C．divided D．tapped 解析：选B　根据上文“the huge waves”可知，因为是海啸，所以是巨浪撞击海岸。故选B。 第2课时　对标主题—探索自然 一、主题词汇“拉清单” 子语境 归拢教材内词汇 拓展教材外词汇 太空探索 astronaut, procedure, rocket, gravity, frontier, vehicle, satellite, launch, orbit, giant, agency, transmit, data, on board, spacecraft, universe, carry on, spacewalk, module, signal, recycle, muscle, float, solar, solar system，telescope, tissue，facility，globe，shallow, pattern, analysis, high-end, monitor, mystery, oxygen 1.isolation n．　与世隔绝 2.tension n. 紧张局势(或关系、状况) 3.purify vt. 净化 4.self-powered adj. 自供电的 5.pollutant n. 污染物 6.sustainable adj. 可持续的 7.emission n. 排放 8.intensity n. 强度 9.transition n. 转型 10.alternative adj. 可供选择的 11.technical fault 技术故障 12.physical health 身体健康 13.mental health 心理健康 14.lack of gravity 失重 15.solar radiation 太阳辐射 16.pressure suit 加压服 17.marine creature 海洋生物 18.unsolved mysteries 未解之谜 19.under observation 正在被观察 20.carbon footprints 碳足迹 太空探索意义 mental, intelligent, determined, determine, leap, mankind, disappointment, disappointed, desire, independently, independent, in the hope of doing sth., so as to, lack，otherwise, beyond, current, figure out, sufficient, keen, argue, argument, fatal, result in, as a result, regularly, regular, resource, limited, provide for sb., run out, attach, in closing 海洋探索 tale, merchant，set sail，extend，negotiate，fleet，behold, league, in a league of one's own, royal, spice，withdraw, withdraw from, channel, maritime，bond，in hand，politics，profession，tournament, mixture，coverage，press conference, applaud，tax，manned, submersible, underwater, capsule, coral, migration, directory, meanwhile, exploit, murder, mercy, possession, opponent, log, marine, arrest, under the command of, lead to 二、核心词汇“自盘查” Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．When he closes his book, it's a signal (信号) for everyone to stand up. 2．The river is very shallow (浅的), but you can't swim in it because the water is polluted. 3．Astronauts (宇航员) on shorter shuttle missions often prepare themselves for a long time. 4．A dog's eating habit requires regular (定期的) training before it is properly established. 5．Students are encouraged to independently (独立地) investigate the causes of seasonal changes. 6．All of these outcomes are linked to a lack (缺乏) of physical exercise. 7．Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles (车辆) you own. 8．The organization has launched (发起) a campaign to raise $150,000 in an effort to save the endangered animals. 9．The police have arrested (逮捕) the man who broke the law. 10．The moment the famous singer finished singing，the audience stood up and applauded (鼓掌) warmly. 11．Meanwhile (与此同时), my debts were mounting up. 12．I am going to change the channel (频道) into a sports one. 13．It will draw you closer together, and it will strengthen the bond (关系) of your relationship. 14._Alternative (可替代的) energy refers to natural sources of energy such as the sun, wind or water. Ⅱ.语境辨义(写出黑体词汇的词性及词义) 1．It must be stressed that we should attach great importance to environmental protection.vt.重视 2．The frontiers of science, including computer science, have never been nearer.n.前沿，尖端 3．The details of today's flights are displayed on the monitor.n.显示屏 4．Einstein is a giant in the field of theoretical physics. n．伟人；巨人 5．I love listening to his tales of life at sea.n.叙述；讲述 6．The power saw sliced the logs like a knife through butter.n.原木 7．What is being done to stop employers from exploiting young people？vt.剥削 8．From the microscopic point of view, meanwhile, pros and cons immediately apparent.adv.对比之下 Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．When you are trying to change someone's mind, try to keep it as a conversation and not an argument (argue)． 2．The new neighbor had limited (limit) knitting skills so she asked me to create sweaters for kids in hospital together. 3．Mr Smith is determined (determine) to seek his fortune in the downtown. 4．The country started special education for the mentally (mental) disabled children in the 1970s. 5．Disappointed (disappoint) and frustrated, the poor man made his way back to his family. 6．The young man had a strong desire to_earn (earn) a living by himself soon after he graduated. 7．It is universally (universe) acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness. 8．While an intelligent (intelligence) person can often simplify the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple. 9．The city is a mixture (mix) of old and new buildings. 10．It is reported that negotiation (negotiate) broke down because one side refused to keep the rule. 11．I got the chance to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful (mercy) to catch the snakes. 12．The Greens lost all their possessions (possess) as a result of the fire.Luckily, their neighbours gave them much help. 13．We learn traditional Chinese art such as Beijing Opera under the guidance of professional (profession) teachers. 14．We are thinking of having an extension (extend) room, as we now require an extra bedroom. 15．At the two sessions in 2019, the press center realized the full coverage (cover) of 5G signal for the first time. 16．If you experience any unusual symptoms after withdrawal (withdraw) of the treatment, then contact your doctor. Ⅳ.选词填空 carry on， on board， provide for， in the hope of， so as to， figure out， result in， run out， withdraw from， in a league of one's own， in hand， under the command of， set sail， a mixture of 1．He was desperate for work to provide_for a large family. 2．As is known to us, positive thinking and action can result_in success. 3．I will practise my English writing in_the_hope_of making it better. 4．The president decided to fly there to figure_out the truth of the accident. 5．She said that once we determine to read a book, we have to carry_on with it. 6．Our energy was running_out but when we heard the call of my uncle, a smile lit up our faces. 7．All passengers on_board are expected to fasten the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands. 8．Our teacher demands that we should exercise for an hour every day so_as_to have good health. 9．Zheng He set_sail for the Western Ocean seven times between 1405 and 1433. 10．All units under_the_command_of an army group have reduced supply consumption. 11．If you apply yourself to the job in_hand,_you'll soon finish it. 12．The country, the richest one all over the world, is in_a_league_of_its_own. 13．I don't know if he will withdraw_from the race. 14．His new play is a_mixture_of sadness and humour. 三、重点词汇“拓认知” 1．signal |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)signal (to) sb.to do sth.　　 示意某人做某事 signal (sb.) that 示意(某人)…… (2)traffic signals 交通信号灯 send out a signal 发出信号 |多|维|训|练|　 ①The teacher signaled to the monitor to_manage_(manage) the students strictly. ②A man stood up and crossed his arms over his head, signalling (signal) that he was strongly opposed. ③(动作链描写)The bell signalled_that_school_was_over,_and the students rose to their feet, seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.铃声表明放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。 ④(场景描写)Fire broke out during the night.The boy immediately sent_out_a_signal for rescue. 夜间突然发生火灾。这个男孩立即发出求救信号。 2．attach |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)attach ...to ...把……附在……上；把……绑在……上 attach importance/significance/value/weight to ...认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量 (2)attached adj.　　　 附加的；依恋的；爱慕的 be attached to 喜欢；依恋；附属于 (3)attachment n. 附件；附属物；依恋 |多|维|训|练|　 ①The girl unwrapped her gift box, surprised to find a heartfelt note attached (attach) to the present. ②Please find my application letter and résumé in the attachment (attach)． ③(话题写作之语言学习)You can_never_attach_too_much_importance_to_reading during the process of learning a language. 在学习一门语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。 ④(动作描写)He took out the hammock, attached_it_to_the_trees and lay in it comfortably, listening to his favorite music.他拿出吊床，把它系在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。 3．determine |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事 determine to do sth.　 决定做某事(表示动作) (2)determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态) (3)determination n. 决心；决定 with determination 坚决地 |多|维|训|练|　 ①I have determined on/upon working as a volunteer in my spare time. ②Everyone concerned acted with great courage and determination (determine)． ③(申请信)Hearing that you're recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming foreign students, I have_determined_to_write_to_apply_for_this_job.听说你们正在招募一些志愿者来欢迎即将到来的外国学生，我决定写信申请这份工作。 ④As he was determined to study hard, Tom no longer watched TV and played computer games. →Determined_to_study_hard,_Tom no longer watched TV and played computer games.(用分词短语作状语升级) 4．disappointed |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)be disappointed at/with/by ... 对……失望 be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事失望 be disappointed that ... 对……失望 (2)disappointment n. 失望；沮丧 to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是 (3)disappoint vt. 使失望；使沮丧 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 |多|维|训|练|　 ①Our results in this market have been rather disappointing (disappoint) compared with last year. ②Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them, and I was disappointed to_find (find) they were too small. ③(心理描写)Hungry_and_disappointed,_she found not any helicopter overhead, at a loss what to do. 她又饿又失望，发现头顶上没有直升机，不知所措。 ④(一句多译)令他们失望的是，他们第一次尝试做早餐失败了。 →To_their_disappointment,_they failed to cook a breakfast at the first attempt.(disappointment) →What_made_them_disappointed/What_disappointed_them was that they failed to cook a breakfast at the first attempt.(what引导的主语从句) →They failed to cook a breakfast at the first attempt, which_made_them_disappointed/which_disappointed_them.(定语从句) 5．desire |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)have a desire to do sth.　　 渴望做某事 have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物 (2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事 desire that ...(should) do 渴望……做…… 名师指津：desire后接名词性从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”。 |多|维|训|练|　 ①He has a strong desire for a smartphone with a large internal memory. ②(建议信)Knowing you have_a_strong_desire_to_learn_Chinese_well,_I'd like to offer you some suggestions. 得知你很想学好汉语， 我想给你提一些建议。 ③(一句多译)如果你渴望用英语无障碍地与外国人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语社。 →If you_desire_to_communicate_with_foreigners_freely,_I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire to do) →If you_desire_that_you_(should)_communicate_with_foreigners_freely,_I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire that) 6．lack |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)for lack of　　　　　 因缺乏…… a lack of 缺乏…… (2)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少…… |多|维|训|练|　 ①Though Jack was lacking in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm. ②For lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze finless porpoises is becoming smaller and smaller. ③(情感描写)Lacking/For_lack_of/Lacking_in_confidence_and_experience,_Jane was quite at a loss how to deal with the terrible situation. 由于缺乏自信和经验，简完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。 ④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)After all, I was not good at writing and I lacked_confidence_in the writing before.毕竟，我之前不擅长写作，对写作缺乏信心。 7．argue |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事 argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对某事 argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that ... 主张…… (2)argument n. 争论；争吵；论点 have an argument with 与……争论/争吵 联想发散：表示“说服某人做某事”的表达还有： talk/persuade sb.into doing sth. |多|维|训|练|　 ①As our family income decreased, Father argued against an increase in our pocket money. ②They argued him into taking (take) exercise on a regular basis. ③(情节叙述)It_is_no_use_arguing_with_each_other anymore.I think both of us should calm down. 再争论也没有用了。我认为我们两个都应该冷静下来。 ④(场景描写)In the hope of persuading him, I tried to reason with him.However, he just wouldn't listen and had_an_argument_with_me. 抱着说服他的希望，我试着和他讲道理。然而，他就是不听，和我发生了争吵。 8．run out |系|统|归|纳|　 run out of　 用光；用完(人作主语，有被动语态) run across 偶然遇到 run after 追逐；追求 run into 撞上；遇上；偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等) run for 竞选 run away (from) 　　　 走掉；跑开；逃避 |多|维|训|练|　 ①Embarrassed and shy, she ran away from the stage. ②With food supplies running out,_the situation there is getting from bad to worse. ③(动作描写)The moment we ran_across/into a cute wild rabbit, we rode our horses and ran after it without hesitation. 当我们偶然遇见一只可爱的野兔时，我们就骑着马，毫不犹豫地追着它跑去。 9．negotiate |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)negotiate with sb.about/for sth. 和某人商议某事 negotiate sth.with sb. 和某人商议某事 (2)negotiation n. 谈判；协商 under negotiation 在商谈中 in negotiation with 和……协商中 |多|维|训|练|　 ①I will negotiate with our coach about/for the date of the football competition. ②As far as I know, the exact details of the agreement are under negotiation (negotiate)． ③Participating in extra-curricular activities enables us to_learn_how_to_negotiate_and_cooperate_with_other_students. 参加课外活动可以让我们学习如何与其他同学进行协商与合作。 ④We are honored to have the opportunity to negotiate_with_you_in_this_way. 我们很荣幸有机会以这种方式与你们协商。 10．mixture |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)a mixture of ...　 ……的混合物 (2)mix vt.& vi. (使)混合；调配 mix ...with ... 把……与……混合起来 mix with sth./sb. 与某物相融合/与某人交往 mix up 弄错；弄乱；混淆 mix ...up with ... 把……和……搞混 (3)mixed adj. 混合的 |多|维|训|练|　 ①He said he had mixed (mix) feelings about returning to land after floating so long at sea. ②The little boy mixed vinegar with sugar and the mixture tasted not so bad.(mix) ③(情感描写)When she read the cards, tears of happiness mixed_with_excitement fell onto those postcards. 当她读贺卡时，夹杂着激动的幸福的泪水滴落在那些明信片上。 ④(情节描写)We approach challenges with a positive mindset, ready to tackle them with a_mixture_of_strategies. 我们以积极的心态应对挑战，随时准备混合多种策略应对它们。 11．applaud |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)applaud one's plan　　 赞成某人的计划 applaud sb.for sth. 为某事称赞某人 (2)applause n. 鼓掌；掌声 a round of applause 一阵喝彩 |多|维|训|练|　 ①We applaud_your_plan;_you can go ahead with it. 我们赞同你的计划，你可以继续进行下去。 ②They applauded_him_for_his_courage and determined to learn from him. 他们因他的勇气而称赞他，并决心向他学习。 ③There was a_great_round_of_applause when the dance ended. 舞蹈结束的时候，爆发出了一阵热烈的掌声。 ④(精彩结尾句)Although he didn't win the champion, his perseverance and devotion were_applauded by his classmates.虽然他没有赢得冠军，但他的毅力和投入受到了同学们的赞扬。 12．mercy |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)beg/ask for mercy　　　 乞求宽恕 对……怜悯或宽恕 without mercy 残忍地；毫无同情心地 at the mercy of ... 任由……摆布或控制 (2)merciful adj. 仁慈的；慈悲的 merciless adj. 残忍的；无情的 |多|维|训|练|　 ①She has been merciful (mercy) to animals since she was a child. ②It seemed strange that he should get down on his knees and beg for mercy. ③Although the Merediths weren't well off, they showed_mercy_to/had_mercy_on_the_poor and were always willing to extend a supporting hand whenever possible. 尽管Meredith一家并不富裕，但他们同情穷人，总是在可能的时候愿意伸出援手。 ④(主旨升华句)Despite being at_the_mercy_of adversity, we are not afraid of difficulties.We applaud our own courage, and meanwhile, we continue to strive for a better future.尽管我们面临困境，但我们不畏艰难。我们为我们的勇气鼓掌，同时，我们继续努力追求更美好的未来。 13．possession |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)in possession of　　 占有；拥有；持有 in sb.'s possession＝in the possession of sb. 为某人所有；在某人的控制下 get/take/gain possession of 　　　　 拥有；占有 (2)possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配(不用于进行时) be possessed of 具有(某品质、能力等) be possessed by 为……所支配 |多|维|训|练|　 ①He lost all his possessions (possess), but he didn't lose hope for the life. ②(主旨升华句)Happiness is not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we possess/take_possession_of/are_in_possession_of. 幸福不是渴望我们没有的东西，而是享受我们所拥有的东西。 ③(语言描写)I encouraged David who was at a loss, “Do keep in mind that only by possessing/being_possessed_of_a_good_state_of_mind_can_you_attain_success.”(倒装句) 我鼓励不知所措的大卫：“务必记住只有拥有良好的心态你才能获得成功。” (2022·全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇)Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.(说明：文中加黑词汇为主题词汇) [真题评价] [价值导向]　本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”技术，无人机未来能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。选文引导我们未来对高新技术在不同领域的运用前景有一个正确的认识。 1．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? A．The use of drones in checking on power lines. B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes. C．The reduction of cost in designing drones. D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure”可知，无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。它们同样可以被用来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。由此可知，无人机已经被用于检查高压电线，这使得无人机在铁路线上的应用成为可能。故选A。 2．What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones. C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure. 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可知，据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿欧元用于维护，包括派遣维护人员，经常在夜间检查和维修铁路基础设施。由此可知，画线词指的是“检查和维修”。故选C。 3．What function is expected of the rail drones? A．To provide early warning. B．To make trains run automatically. C．To earn profits for the crews. D．To accelerate transportation. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones ...react in time.”可知，工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行。配备了先进传感器和人工智能的小型无人机可以像副驾驶员一样引导火车前进。它们有预见未来的能力，可以发出任何问题的信号，这样快速行驶的列车就能及时做出反应。由此可知，人们期待未来的铁路无人机具备提供早期预警的功能。故选A。 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways 解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句“Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year？”和下文对无人机在铁路领域的应用的介绍以及对未来无人机的发展展望可知，在未来，无人机将会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性，或许会成为铁路安全的新未来。故D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最适合作本文的标题。 [语篇精读] 一、理文脉，把握文章大意 本文是一篇说明文，采用了“总—分”的语篇结构。 二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料 1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ①(派生词)Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year？n.可靠性 ②(合成词)Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.adj.高压的 ③(熟词生义)By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.n.道岔，转辙器 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ①make sure　　　　　　　　 确保 ②on a 24/7 basis 全天候 ③across the board 全面地 ④the latest technologies 最新技术 ⑤work on 努力改善(或完成) ⑥ahead of 在……前面；早于 三、析难句，破解阅读障碍 1．That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. 抓标志：从属连词that 判类型：主句＋宾语从句 试翻译：未来很可能是这样：应用今天的“天眼”技术确保全球数百万公里的铁轨和基础设施对火车运行全天候都是安全可靠的。 2．It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. 抓标志：从属连词that 判类型：“It is calculated that ...”句型 试翻译：据计算，欧洲铁路每年仅在维护上就花费约200亿欧元，其中包括派遣维护人员夜间检修铁路基础设施(的费用)。 一、学经典句式，写美句子　 句式1　otherwise的用法 |解|读|规|则| (1)otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟，谓语动词用would/could have done；表示对现在的虚拟，谓语动词用would/could do。 (2)otherwise还常用于“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”句型。 |习|练|规|则|　(单句语法填空) ①We didn't know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we would/could_have_given_(give) you a hand. ②Submit your application on time, otherwise/or you will be banned from participating in the activity. ③I have no money on me now.Otherwise, I would/could_lend (lend) some to you. |应|用|写|美| ④(心理描写)他承认自己所做的事，这是明智的，否则他就会陷入一系列的麻烦。 It was wise of him to admit what he had done，otherwise_he_would_have_got_into_a_series_of_trouble. ⑤(宣传稿)抓住机会，否则你就不会欣赏到美丽的传统中国画了。 Seize the chance, otherwise_you_won't_enjoy_the_beautiful_traditional_Chinese_paintings. 句式2　过去分词短语作定语 |解|读|规|则| (1)过去分词作定语，表示被动或完成，与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 (2)过去分词短语作定语时，要放在名词后面，作后置定语；单个的过去分词一般作前置定语，放在名词的前面。 |习|练|规|则|　(变换句式) ①The water and air which are polluted are harmful to people's health. →Polluted_water_and_air are harmful to people's health. ②In 1983, there were only 200 computers which were connected to the Internet. →In 1983, there were only 200 computers connected_to_the_Internet. ③The method which is adopted by our company is to have our employees trained now and then. →The method adopted_by_our_company is to have our employees trained now and then. |应|用|写|美| ④(环境描写)阳光照耀的小径两旁开满了花朵，引领我们来到一个花园，让我们找到了宁静。 The sunlit path, lined_with_blooming_flowers,_led us to a garden, where we found peace. ⑤(人物描写)这位成就卓越的音乐家以其迷人的演奏技巧获得了认可，用她深情的旋律吸引了观众的注意力。 The accomplished musician，recognized_for_her_superb_performance_skills,_attracted the attention of the audience with her soulful melodies. 二、建构主题语义场，丰韵语段　 (一)太空探索　 1．the desire to explore the universe　 探索宇宙的愿望 2．in the hope of finding out 期待明白 3．both dangerous and challenging 既危险又有挑战性 4．pioneering work 开创性的工作 5．have more direct access to 更直观地了解 6．remarkable accomplishments/achievements 非凡的成就 7．inspire our interest in space 激发我们对太空的兴趣 8．promote technological improvements 促进科技进步 9．expand our understanding of the universe 加深我们对宇宙的理解 10．motivate students to become the scientists and engineers of the future 激励学生成为未来的科学家和工程师 11．These scientific and technological advances can provide benefits to societies on the Earth in many areas including health, energy and information technology. 这些科学和技术进步可在保健、能源和信息技术等许多领域为整个社会带来好处。 12．The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, no matter how distant they might seem. “挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 (二)海洋探索　 1．drop sharply　　　　　　 急剧减少 2．be faced with a severe situation 面临着严峻的形势 3．be poured into the ocean 被倾倒到海洋中 4．destroy the balance of life in the ocean 破坏海洋中生命的平衡 5．make an alarming discovery 　 惊人的发现 6．arouse the awareness of protecting the sea 唤起保护海洋的意识 7．promote marine development 促进海洋事业的发展 8．maintain the balance of ecology　维持生态平衡 9．protect vast amounts of resources under the sea保护海洋下的大量资源 10．ban over-fishing strictly　严格禁止过度捕捞 11．In recent years, overfishing and pollution have put the world's oceans in great danger. 近年来，过度捕捞和污染已使世界海洋处于极大的危险之中。 12．Covering about 70 percent of Earth's surface, the ocean is home to a wide variety of marine life, and is the main source of protein for more than a billion people around the world. 海洋约占地球表面的70%，是各种海洋生物的家园，也是全球10多亿人蛋白质的主要来源。 13．Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes. 进入深海也可能有助于我们预测地震等事件。 14．The ocean not only provides us with abundant sea food, but also plays a vital part in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. 海洋不仅为我们提供了丰富的海洋食物，而且在维持生态系统的平衡方面起着至关重要的作用。 三、应用所学，写好微片段　 (一)主题词汇应用训练(黑体字为主题词汇的复现) ①The desire for space exploration (探索太空的渴望) has never stopped since ancient times.Our ancestors ②determined to pursue (决定追逐) their dreams of entering skies with determination.Even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them disappointed, people's desire to explore space never died.Nowadays, many people ③argue for(支持)exploring space.So we must ④attach_importance_to (重视) our mission and make a mark in the final frontier.China is the third country to send humans into space independently, which ⑤signals_a_giant_leap (标志着巨大的飞跃) forward in its history.Our ⑥planet's resources are limited (地球的资源是有限的), and as a result, we should find a new home to ⑦provide_for (提供生活所需) the ever increasing population. (二)对标主题创写语段 尽管山姆被警告暴风雨即将来临，但几乎没有什么能阻止他去海上探险。请你根据所给段落开头语，写一个80词左右的片段，描写山姆在海上所经历的遭遇。注意要有场景、动作及心理描写。 Although Sam had been warned that a storm was coming, there was little that would keep him from going.　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 参考范文： Although Sam had been warned that a storm was coming, there was little that would keep him from going.With the icy wind and the thick fog, Sam set sail on a freezing night.The storm was gaining strength on land, but had not yet reached a place far from the coast.Waves rocked the small boat, which began to turn sideways like an amusement park ride.Sam was completely at the mercy of the storm.The dim lamps hanging on the boat slipped into the angry sea, throwing them in darkness.Only then did the fear begin to seize Sam.Then the dark sea along with lightning witnessed a death-and-life struggle between humans and nature.Fortunately, the stormy sea finally calmed down and the first rays of morning tiptoed on the horizon. [课时作业评价] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2025·扬州一模)You look up at the sky on a clear and dark night, you'll see more stars than your eyes can count.Most of these stars have planets, similar to our own, orbiting them.With so many celestial bodies floating out in space, you can't help but question whether other forms of life exist in the universe.And if that's the case, is it possible to contact them? Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.Currently, no evidence exists to suggest that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe.Yet with an estimated one trillion planets in our galaxy alone, it seems highly likely that Earthlings aren't the only intelligent creatures out there.Some claim that life can only develop under perfect circumstances, and Earth is perhaps the only example of this.Other scientists object to this claim, and point out that even on Earth, life can find a way under the most extreme circumstances. Some people believe that aliens have already visited our planet, but this information is being kept secret by governments.The most famous incident of this kind occurred in Roswell, New Mexico in 1947.On that date, many residents reported seeing an unusual flying disc streak through the sky, before it crashed in a field.When the military heard about the crash, they quickly sealed off the area.A few hours later, the army base announced that it had recovered a flying disk.Shortly after, this statement was retracted and it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed.However, years later one local mortician even claimed that the military had him secretly perform an autopsy on a dead alien body. Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there, but the distance between us is too great.Even if we could somehow create a spaceship that travels at the speed of light, it would still probably take several lifetimes to reach them.Then again, we might never have to do this if aliens reach us first. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其他形式的生命，以及不同的人对此的不同看法。 1．Why do some scientists think there is life on other planets? A．An unusual flying disc was ever witnessed. B．Life exists despite extreme conditions as those on the Earth do. C．The government's statement seemed suspicious. D．There are a great number of planets in the universe. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet with an estimated one trillion planets ...the only intelligent creatures out there.”可知，有些科学家认为其他星球上有生命是因为宇宙中有大量的行星。 2．What does the underlined word “retracted” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Examined again to guarantee the correctness. B．Emphasized again to persuade people. C．Formally taken back what has been said. D．Seriously criticized due to poor evidence. 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“A few hours later ...a flying disk.”以及后文“it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed”可知，该军事基地宣布他们找到了一个飞碟。不久之后，这一声明被撤回，据说是一个气象气球坠毁。故画线词意为“正式收回说过的话”。 3．Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A．Are We Alone in the Universe? B．Is It Possible to Contact Aliens? C．Intelligent Life in the Universe D．Planets Floating out in Space 解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据第一段中“With so many celestial bodies ...is it possible to contact them？”并结合文章主要论述了太空中是否还存在其他形式的生命，以及不同的人对此的不同看法可知，A选项最适合作文章标题。 4．How does the author sound in the text? A．Objective.　　　 B．Humorous. C．Cautious. D．Anxious. 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.”，第三段中“Some people believe ...by governments.”以及最后一段中“Others believe ...between us is too great.”可推知，文中没有提到作者的观点，即作者是客观的语气。 B From shipping to oil drilling, sounds from human activities spread across the oceans.This noise causes much trouble to ocean creatures.However, according to a new study, climate change might influence how sound travels through the water. Human-caused climate change impacts the ocean in many ways, such as changing its temperature, salt levels, and acidity (酸度)．When the water becomes more acidic, it also can't absorb certain sounds.So those sounds travel further, adding to the noise in some areas.However, this effect is not as big as other changes.Changes like temperature and salt level can affect how the ocean's different layers (层) mix.That, in turn, affects how sound travels. “We were surprised to see that actually there was a big change in the North Atlantic，” says Luca Possenti, who studies sound in the ocean at the Royal Netherlands Institute.Researchers used computers to model how those factors influence noise levels across the world's oceans.They compared the models of the world now to models of the world in about 70 years if climate change continues.In the North Atlantic, they saw an increase in sound levels in the upper 125 meters of the ocean. This was caused mostly by ice melting from Greenland, forming a cold layer of water near the ocean's surface.When sound travels through water, it turns toward the coldest area.This made sound waves get stuck in the cold top layer and spread further out across the water instead of traveling deeper.As a result, the sound became louder at this specific depth in the North Atlantic. The rising noise levels in the Atlantic Ocean is concerning as it could stress out animals reliant on sound for communication, hunting, and navigation.Marine mammals already avoid loud harbors, but with noise levels increasing everywhere, we don't know what will happen. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要研究发现气候变化可能会影响声音在水中的传播方式。 5．What did the new study find? A．Oil drilling causes much trouble to ocean creatures. B．Human activities are major sources of noise pollution. C．Shipping has a great influence on the ocean environment. D．Climate change may affect the way sound travels in water. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“according to a new study, climate change might influence how sound travels through the water”可知，新研究发现气候变化可能会影响声音在水中的传播方式。 6．What has a bigger effect on ocean noise? A．Wind speed. B．Ocean acidity. C．The depth of the sea. D．Ocean temperature. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，海水温度和含盐量的变化会影响海洋不同层的混合方式，这反过来又影响了声音的传播方式。根据第四段内容可知，海水温度的改变增加了噪声水平。由此可推知，海洋温度对海洋的噪声水平有更大的影响。故选D。 7．How did researchers carry out the study? A．By building a model of climate change. B．By modeling changes in ocean noise levels. C．By doing field research in the North Atlantic. D．By finding areas with increasing ocean noises. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段，研究人员使用计算机模拟这些因素如何影响世界的海洋噪声水平。他们将现在的模型与假设气候变化持续70年后的模型进行了比较，最后发现在北大西洋中的海洋上层125米的噪声水平有所增加。由此可知，研究小组是通过模拟海洋噪声水平的变化来进行研究的。故选B。 8．What do we know about the sound traveling through waters? A．It goes towards the colder areas. B．It can spread to the deep ocean. C．It can be easily blocked by ice. D．It travels faster on the ocean surface. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，当声音在水中传播时，它会转向温度最低的区域，声波会被困在水的顶部冷层中，并向水面外传播，而不是向更深处传播。故选A。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2025·湖南邵阳市高三模拟)Coral reefs are the rainforests of the ocean.They exist on vast scales and are equally important havens (避风港) of biodiversity.Reefs occupy 0.1% of the oceans.__9__ __10__ Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income.However, reefs are under threat from rising sea temperatures.Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which corals are living together to generate toxins (毒素) that force those coral to leave.This can cause a coral's death. Research groups around the world are coming up with plans of action to see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant corals and cross-breeding such corals to create a new type.__11__Without carbon reduction and decline in local, coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century. Doubters doubt humanity will get its act together in time to make much difference.__12__Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with.Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together.Scientific workarounds can also be found.Natural currents can be applied to facilitate mass breeding.Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximize bang for buck. This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.__13__Hard-core greens — those who think that all habitats should be kept unspoiled — may not approve.But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear. A．Corals are useful to people. B．But there are grounds for optimism. C．And they host a quarter of marine species. D．It could serve as a blueprint for other ecosystems. E．Coral's global ecosystem services are worth up to $10 trillion a year. F．This research can also be brought to bear on trying to save entire ecosystems. G．However, the assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。 9．选C　根据前文可知，此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，C项同样描述前文语境，切合文意。 10．选A　根据后文“Without the protection ...income.”可知，此处是说明珊瑚礁的用途。A项提到珊瑚对于人类的用处，切合文意，起到引出后文的作用。 11．选G　根据上下文可知，此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到广泛的认可，G项提到珊瑚的进化并没有得到普遍的支持。切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。 12．选B　根据后文“Carbon targets ...act together.”可知，此处是指设碳排放目标，处理海洋污染，各国开始采取行动，说明事情在往好的方面发展。B项切合文意，起到承上启下的作用。 13．选D　根据前文“This mix of natural activity and human intervention is important.”可知，此处是指珊瑚礁非常重要。D项表明珊瑚对生态系统也起到很大的作用。该项切合文意，符合语境。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Waters may be flowing on the surface of an enormous planet that lies about 120 light-years from Earth, according to new evidence__1__(uncover) by the James Webb Space Telescope. The investigation with the space-based observatory, one of the __2__(advanced) astronomy instruments in operation, revealed that the exoplanet K2-18b may have some key features of a planet__3__ could support bodies of water and life. Closely orbiting the cool star K2-18, the exoplanet lies within the star's habitable, or Goldilocks, zone and is 8.6 __4__ (time) as massive as Earth.An __5__(analyse) of Webb's observations found the planet has huge quantities of methane (甲烷) and carbon dioxide in its atmosphere. The Webb telescope, which can detect infrared (红外) light invisible to the human eye, searched for __6__(exact) what elements are featured in the planet's atmosphere.And __7__ latest observations of the planet also hint that a very special substance could be __8__(presence) on K2-18b. Researchers are not surely suggesting that K2-18b is with alien life.Further research is needed__9__(confirm) the presence of the very special substance.And even if scientists confirm the chemical compound's presence, that doesn't guarantee life-forms exist there.But this new evidence does expand scientists' understanding of exoplanets similar__10__ K2-18b. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。根据詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜发现的新证据，水可能在距离地球约120光年的巨大行星的表面上流动。天基天文台是运行中最先进的天文仪器之一，其调查显示，系外行星K2-18b可能具有行星的一些关键特征，可以支持水体和生命。 1．uncovered　考查非谓语动词。uncover与evidence构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。注意according to不能引导从句，故不能填谓语。 2．most advanced　考查形容词最高级。one of ＋形容词最高级＋名词复数，表达“最……之一”。 3．that/which　考查定语从句。先行词planet，在从句中充当主语，用that/which 皆可。 4．times　考查名词复数。此处是倍数表达法“倍数＋as＋adj.＋as”句式，由设空前8.6可知，应填times。 5．analysis　考查名词。analyse的名词形式analysis，表示“分析报告”。 6．exactly　考查副词。副词修饰主句动词可以放在宾语从句前。 7．the　考查冠词。the latest，表达“最近的”。 8．present　考查形容词。 be present “存在的”。 9．to confirm　考查非谓语动词。为了证实这种非常特殊的物质的存在，需要做进一步的研究。此处是不定式作目的状语。 10．to　考查介词。固定搭配be similar to“与……相似的”。 一、归纳主题词汇，助力多彩表达 1．灾难及救援 灾难类型 drought, slide, flood, disastrous，volcano, volcanic eruption, typhoon, hurricane, emergency, crash, wave, sweep away 灾难破坏 damage, destroy, bury, death, suffer, strike, in ruins, blow away, economic losses 支援方式 shelter, electricity, power, rescue, deliver, supply, aid, make joint efforts 支援结果 survive, effective, affection, breathe, effort, wisdom, calm, revive, return to normal, rebuild one's home 2．太空探索 探索介绍 observatory, solar system, space shuttle, spacecraft, the lack of gravity, the mysteries of the universe, satellite/orbiter, the Milky Way and other galaxies, transmit data, bring back lunar samples, land/touch down on the moon, circle the moon 探索准备 space agency，pilot training, the selection procedure for astronauts, magnetic field, launch a man-made satellite/spacecraft, oxygen supply, navigation systems, put ... into orbit 探索成果 form the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements, advance the spread of knowledge, a giant leap for mankind, with the latest technology in hand, recycle resources 3.海洋探索 探索内容 sea voyage, have access to, reach out across the sea, go beyond the reef, the Belt and Road Initiative, the right of navigation, power generation, extractive industries, deep sea drilling，marine 不良影响 destruction, sharply, decrease, pollutant, over-fishing, pollute, water pollution, plastic rubbish, oil spill, be poured into the ocean, lead/contribute to, use up/run out of, take the responsibility for/be responsible for 探索成果 scientifically, fossil fuels, log new species, mine/exploit for resources, valuable minerals, develop high-end product, environmental friendly, be beneficial to, take on a new look ,[自我积累] 二、主题写作训练，补强写作短板　　 Ⅰ.应用文写作精品课件·名师析题 假定你是李华，你校英文报征稿，要求给正在中国“天宫空间站”(Tiangong Space Station)工作的航天员们写一封信。请你写信投稿，内容包括： 1．表达自豪之情； 2．询问空间站上生活、工作情况； 3．表达关心和祝愿。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；　2.请按如下格式作答。 Dear taikonauts on board， 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Yours faithfully， Li Hua 参考范文： Dear taikonauts on board， I'm writing with great excitement to tell you how proud I am of your remarkable accomplishments made in China's space expeditions. I wonder about the living and working conditions on the space station. How do you adapt to the microgravity environment? What daily routines do you engage in？Is it possible for you to make video calls on a regular basis to contact your family？Additionally, impressed by your interaction with us students in “Tiangong Classroom”， I cannot help admiring your pioneering work. May you continue to succeed in your mission, and may you return safely to Earth! Yours faithfully， Li Hua Ⅱ.读后续写精品课件·名师析题 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It began as a typical January day. The grey skies were heavy with snow and wind in front of Valleyview School. I was in my first year of teaching and had no idea that this approaching snowstorm would be so severe. By mid-day the principal called the school buses back so the three hundred kids could get home safely before it was too late. My students gathered their belongings, excited to go home early. The buses arrived but the storm suddenly worsened before the waiting kids could board and it was quickly clear no one was going anywhere soon. By now the bus drivers and a couple of snowplow (铲雪车) operators were discussing the situation. There were over three hundred children, staff, bus and snowplow drivers stuck inside the school. Night approached and the storm showed no signs of stopping. We were facing some basic questions. What would we feed several hundred children for dinner? Where would they sleep? Earl, our school gatekeeper, began working non-stop to keep the heater running. Concerned about the old pipes freezing, he wrapped them with whatever material he could find.With our electricity lines swaying under the increasing weight of ice and snow in heavy winds, what would we do if we lost power? A plan was definitely needed. Every parent was called to reassure them that their children were safe, and then people who lived close enough to brave the storm were called and asked if they could help. Soon, a handful of people had managed to travel through the heavy and blinding snow bringing bags of sandwiches, tinned juices, blankets and a couple of board games. One woman, who lived right on the edge of the school, wrapped herself up and felt through the blinding snow with a huge kettle and enough ingredients to make tomato soup for at least half of the school. There wasn't a lot of food, but everything was shared, no one went hungry, and no one complained. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；　2.请按如下格式作答。 Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids.　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow.　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 参考范文： Before night fell, we worked out entertaining and sleeping arrangements for the kids.As the evening came, the school gymnasium was transformed into a temporary dormitory, with rows of mats laid out and blankets spread for the children to sleep on. Teachers took turns telling stories, playing board games and singing songs together to keep spirits high. Despite the challenging circumstances, the children remained not fearful but surprisingly cheerful. Some of the older students even organized talent shows and games to keep everyone entertained. Meanwhile, the staff worked tirelessly to ensure that everyone was warm and safe throughout the night. The next morning the snow stopped and people began to clear the snow.The snowplows began to work. Parents and nearby residents arrived with tools in hand, ready to help dig out the buses a path through the snow. The community spirit was truly inspiring, and together we were able to clear a path for the buses to finally leave. As the last bus carrying the last students pulled away, cheers erupted from those who remained behind. It was a challenging experience, but one that brought us all closer together. Looking back, it wasn't just the snowstorm that made that day memorable — it was the resilience and kindness shown by everyone involved. 32 / 116 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$