Unit1 Grammar课件-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

Grammar At the end of this lesson, you will be able to use comparative and superlative adjectives to describe your friends. learn comparative and superlative adjectives; ➷➷ ➷ ➷ ➷ ➷ ➷ ➷ ➷ ➷ We use comparative adjectives + than to compare _________ people or things; we use the + superlative adjectives to compare ______ or more people or things. Betty’s hair is longer than mine. Max is more interesting than his classmates. Betty is the most helpful person in our class. Max is the tallest boy in our class. Read the sentences below and pay attention to the use of comparative and superlative adjectives. two three 当被比较的对象是三个或三个以上时，我们会用形容词的最高级，表示 “___________”。 ① My cousin is taller than I am. 我的表哥比我高。 ② My book is more interesting than his. 我的书比他的书有趣。 当我们将两个对象进行比较时，我们要用形容词的比较级，表示 “___________________ _____________”。 较……；更……一些； 比……更…… ① She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。 ② This is the most expensive computer in the shop. 这是店里最贵的电脑。 最…… 形容词的比较级 形容词的最高级 形容词的比较级和最高级是如何构成的呢？ 形容词的比较级和最高级在形式上有一定的变化规律，大体上分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 Short adjectives are adjectives with one or two syllables: clean heavy 一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成（规则变化） 1 大多数词后加-er/-est。 2 以不发音的字母e结尾的词后加-r/-st。 most + Long adjectives are adjectives with three or more syllables: beautiful interesting 3 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，去掉y，再加-ier/-iest。 4 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er/-est。 5 多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加more/most。 形容词比较级和最高级的构成（不规则变化） well (健康的) → better → best ill → worse → worst many → more → most much → more → most little (少的) → less → least 有些形容词有两种比较级和最高级的变化方式。如： 原级 比较级 最高级 old older/ elder oldest/ eldest far farther/ further farthest/ furthest clever cleverer/ more clever cleverest/ most clever We can add -(e)r/-(e)st or more/most to the following adjectives with two syllables: clever handsome polite simple stupid handsomer/ more handsome handsomest/ most handsome politer/ more polite politest/ most polite simpler/ more simple simplest/ most simple stupider/ more stupid stupidest/ most stupid handsome polite simple stupid 构成形容词比较级和最高级的er和est，自成一个音节，读作/ə/和/ɪst/。 如果原级词末为不发音的字母r，加er 和est 时，r 要发/r/音，如clear /klɪə(r)/、clearer /klɪərə/、clearest /klɪərɪst/。 如果原级词末的发音为/ŋ/，加er 和est 时，/ŋ/音后得加上/g/音，如long /lɒŋ/、longer /lɒŋgə(r)/、longest /lɒŋgɪst/。 二、形容词比较级常见用法如下： 1 通常情况下，我们用 “比较级 + than” 来引出比较的第二部分。 ① This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这幅画比那幅画更漂亮。 ② The white cat is fatter than the black cat. 白猫比黑猫胖。 2 我们常用“Which/Who ... + 比较级，... or ...?” 的句型表示在两者中选择。 ① Which picture is more beautiful, this one or that one? 这幅画和那幅画，哪个更漂亮？ ② Who is younger, John or Jimmy? 约翰和吉米，谁更年轻？ 3 我们可在比较级前加上a little、much、 even等词来表示程度。 ① China is much larger than Japan. 中国比日本大得多。 ② I am feeling even worse today. 我今天感觉更糟。 ③ The shoes are a little bigger for me. 这双鞋对我来说大一点。 4 我们用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构 来表示人或事物本身程度的改变，意 为“越……越……”。 ① The boys are stronger and stronger. 男孩们越来越强壮。 ② The cat is getting fatter and fatter. 这只猫变得越来越肥了。 1 我们用“the + 最高级 + 比较范围”的结 构来表示在某一范围内“最……”。 ① I’m the tallest of/among the three. 我是三个人中最高的。 ② Russia is the largest country in the world. 俄罗斯是世界上最大的国家。 介词 of 和 among后面接表示范围的人或物。 in后面接表示范围的名词或名词性短语。 二、形容词最高级常见用法如下： 2 我们用“形容词性物主代词 + 最高级” 的结构来表示某人或事物的“最……”。 此时形容词的最高级前不需要定冠词the。 ① Peter is his oldest son. 彼得是他的长子。 ② It was the exam paper of my worst subject, history. 那是一张历史试卷，历史是我最差的一门学科。 3 我们可以用序数词修饰形容词的最高级。 ① Which river is the first longest in the world? 世界第一长河是哪条河？ ② In the USA, the second largest city is Los Angeles. 美国的第二大城市是洛杉矶。 Read the words below. Then put them in the correct sound groups. A P13 A funnier closer funniest closest kinder kindest slimmer slimmest smarter smartest prettier prettiest sadder better best worse worst more difficult most difficult more interesting most interesting saddest more beautiful most beautiful cuter cutest brighter brightest more wonderful most wonderful heavier heaviest Daniel has made some notes about his classmates. Complete his notes below. B P13 B the tallest lighter than the heaviest the slowest Daniel has made some notes about his classmates. Complete his notes below. B P13 B the fastest higher than the highest better than the best Try to use comparative and superlative adjectives to make more sentences according to the form. Describe your friends, including their looks and what they are good at, using comparative and superlative adjectives. C P13 C 中考链接 1. Many people think eating at home is _____ than eating in the restaurant. (2024 天津 单项选择) A. healthy B. healthier C. healthiest D. the healthiest 2. She is always saying, “Don’t you think mine is _____ than theirs?”. (2024 重庆 语法选择) A. good B. better C. best 3. Today Bao is still considered as one of the _______(great) officials in history and is loved by Chinese people. (2024 河南 语篇填空) 4. Jianshe Road is the _____ road in our city, especially around 8:00 am. (2024 河北 单项选择) A. busier B. busiest C. wider D. widest greatest 中考链接 含义 表示______比较，意为“_______________”。 变化规律 比较级 最高级 ______________的人或物比较时用最高级，表示“________”。 1 大多数词后加____或____。 2 以不发音的______结尾的词后加-r或-st。 3 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词，去掉y， 再加_____或_____。 4 以一个辅音字母结尾的_____________，双写最 后一个辅音字母，再加-er或-est。 5 多音节词和部分双音节词的比较级和最高级是 在词前加______或______。 6 不规则变化 两者 三者或三者以上 -er -est 字母e -ier 重读闭音节词 more most (比……)更…… 最…… -iest 常见句式 比较级 最高级 1 比较级 + than 2 Which/Who ... + 比较 级，... or ...? 3 比较级前加上a little、 much、even等词来 表示程度 4 比较级 + and + 比较 级 1 the + 最高级 + 比较范围 2 形容词性物主代 词 + 最高级 3 序数词修饰形容 词的最高级 I. 单项选择。 ( ) 1. The T-shirt looks nice, but it costs too much. Do you have _______? A. the cheaper one B. a cheaper one C. an expensive one D. cheaper one ( ) 2. - What do you think of Taylor Swift’s Love Story? - I like it. I think it is the most beautiful one ______ all her songs. A. among B. between C. above D. with B A ( ) 3. More and more people in our city choose to go to work by bike or on foot, because they think it is _______ greener than driving. A. little B. much C. more D. many ( ) 4. - The fish in this restaurant is ___ in the town. - That’s true. You can’t find better fish in any other restaurant. A. best B. the best C. good D. better B B II. 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。 1. This suitcase is ______ (large) than that one. 2. In winter, the weather in North China is _____ (dry) than that in South China. 3. — Is the library __________ (high) of all the buildings in your school? — Yes, it is. 4. Zhaozhou Bridge is _________ (old) stone arch bridge (石拱桥) in the world. 5. Gina won first prize in the quiz, and her friend looked ____________ (excited) than her. larger drier the highest the oldest more excited 1. Can you use comparative and superlative adjectives correctly? 2. Can you describe your friends by using comparative and superlative adjectives? 1. Write a passage to describe your best friend by using comparative and superlative adjectives. 2. Preview Word Power on page 14. $$