内容正文:
外研版八年级上册英语Unit3语法:形容词的比较级和最高级
一、语法知识讲解
项目
具体内容
形容词比较级和最高级的构成
1. 规则变化: - 一般单音节词和少数双音节词:直接加-er(比较级)、-est(最高级)(如:tall→taller→tallest;short→shorter→shortest)。 - 以不发音的e结尾:加-r(比较级)、-st(最高级)(如:nice→nicer→nicest;large→larger→largest)。 - 以“辅音字母+y”结尾:变y为i,加-er、-est(如:easy→easier→easiest;happy→happier→happiest)。 - 以“重读闭音节”结尾(一元一辅):双写辅音字母,加-er、-est(如:big→bigger→biggest;hot→hotter→hottest)。 - 部分双音节和多音节词:在词前加more(比较级)、most(最高级)(如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful;interesting→more interesting→most interesting)。 2. 不规则变化: - good/well→better→best - bad/ill→worse→worst - many/much→more→most - little→less→least - far→farther/further→farthest/furthest
比较级的用法
- 用于两者之间的比较,结构为:A + be + 比较级 + than + B(如:Tom is taller than Jim. 汤姆比吉姆高。) - 表示“两者中较……的一个”:the + 比较级 + of the two(如:He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中较高的那个。) - 表示“越来越……”:比较级 + and + 比较级(如:It’s getting warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和。) - 表示“越……,就越……”:the + 比较级,the + 比较级(如:The harder you study, the better grades you will get. 你学习越努力,成绩就会越好。)
最高级的用法
- 用于三者或三者以上的比较,结构为:A + be + the + 最高级 + in/of + 范围(如:She is the most popular student in our class. 她是我们班最受欢迎的学生。) - 表示“最……之一”:one of + the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数(如:This is one of the oldest buildings in the city. 这是这座城市最古老的建筑之一。) - 形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,但如果最高级前有物主代词、指示代词等修饰时,不加the(如:This is my best friend. 这是我最好的朋友。)
二、基础测试
Ⅰ. 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级
1. fast —— 比较级:___________;最高级:___________
2. late —— 比较级:___________;最高级:___________
3. heavy —— 比较级:___________;最高级:___________
4. thin —— 比较级:___________;最高级:___________
5. beautiful —— 比较级:___________;最高级:___________
6. good —— 比较级:___________;最高级:___________
7. bad —— 比较级:___________;最高级:___________
8. little —— 比较级:___________;最高级:___________
Ⅱ. 用所给形容词的适当形式填空
1. This box is ______ (big) than that one.
2. Lucy is ______ (tall) girl in her class.
3. Which is ______ (delicious), the cake or the bread?
4. The weather is getting ______ (cold) and ______ (cold) in winter.
5. He is one of ______ (strong) players in the team.
Ⅲ. 选择合适的选项填空
1. My sister is ______ than me.
A. young B. younger C. youngest
2. This book is ______ of all the books on the shelf.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting
3. ______ you study, ______ you will know.
A. The more; the more B. More; more C. The most; the most
4. She is ______ careful of the two girls.
A. the more B. more C. the most
Ⅳ. 按要求改写句子
1. Tom is 1.75 meters tall. Jim is 1.70 meters tall.(用比较级合并句子)
2. This red skirt is beautiful. That blue skirt is more beautiful.(用最高级改写)
3. He runs fast. She runs faster.(用比较级改写)
4. Math is important. English is more important. Chinese is the most important.(用最高级描述语文)
Ⅴ. 判断句子正(√)误(×),并改正错误句子
1. She is the smarter student in our school.( )
改正:______
2. This room is more bigger than that one.( )
改正:______
3. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.( )
改正:______
4. He is more taller than his father.( )
改正:______
三、参考答案
Ⅰ. 形容词的比较级和最高级
1. faster;fastest
2. later;latest
3. heavier;heaviest
4. thinner;thinnest
5. more beautiful;most beautiful
6. better;best
7. worse;worst
8. less;least
Ⅱ. 适当形式填空
1. bigger
2. the tallest
3. more delicious
4. colder;colder
5. the strongest
Ⅲ. 选择填空
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. A
Ⅳ. 改写句子
1. Tom is taller than Jim.
2. That blue skirt is the most beautiful of the two.
3. She runs faster than he does.
4. Chinese is the most important of the three subjects.
Ⅴ. 判断与改正
1. ×;She is the smartest student in our school.
2. ×;This room is bigger than that one.
3. √
4. ×;He is taller than his father.
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