高考英语专题复习 专题三 状语从句 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2025-07-30
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 状语从句
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 47 KB
发布时间 2025-07-30
更新时间 2025-08-15
作者 全科小杜
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-07-30
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高考英语专题复习 专题三 状语从句 目 录 (一)时间状语从句 2 1.【When/While/As】 2 2.【Before/After】 3 3.【Since】 4 4.【Until/Till】 5 5.【一…就】 6 (二)原因状语从句 7 (三)条件状语从句 9 (四)目的状语从句 10 (五)结果状语从句 11 (六)地点状语从句 11 (七) 方式状语从句 12 (八)让步状语从句 13 (九)比较状语从句 15 (一)时间状语从句 1.【When/While/As】 它们都有“当……时候”的意思,但在不同语境中意义也有所不同。 类别 作用 注意点 例句 When (at or during the time that)既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。 最常用的,即可引导短暂性动词,也可引导持续性动作。从句动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when He became sad and angry when he saw pictures of hungry people in Africa. Whenever you find an interesting book in a bookshop,buy it at once. 注:在下列句型中,when可充当并列连词=and then: 1...was/were doing…when sth.did.. 2....was//were about to do.…when sth. did.=….was//were on the point ofdoing…when sth.did. 3...had just done.….when sth.did.. I had just locked the door when I realized I had left my key on the kitchen table. Lucy was walking through the village when she was bitten on the left leg by a dog. while 表示“当……的时候”或 “在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或状态在从句中的动作过程或状态中发生。在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换。while强调动作本身。 从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。 While others are reading books silently,please don't speak loudly. as 表示“当……时候”,往往和when/while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。可译为“一边……一边”或“随着……”。 主句和从句的时态通常一致。 All the jury's eyes were on him as he continued. 如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生,并且从句动作为延续性动词时,when,while,as可以互换使用。 2.【Before/After】 含义 注意点 例句 before 在…之前 ①有“才……”“还没来得及”的 含义before引导的从句不用否定式的谓语 ②before引导的从句不用否定式的谓语 。 He had lived in Japan for fifty years before he moved here. after 在…之后 before 和after 还可以作为介词用,后接名词或动名词。 After he had lived in Japan for fifty years,he moved here. Before句型 It+will/would/may be+ 时间段+ before...“要过多久才 … ” It will/would not be+时间段+ before.. “不久就 … … ” It will not be long before we know the result of the experiment. It was+时间段+ before ...“过了(多长时间)才 …… "” It was not+时间段+ before ...“不久就……”“没过(多长时间)就 … … ” It was some time before we realized the truth. 过了好一阵子我们才明白真相。 3.【Since】 since 主句 从句 例句 时态 现在完成时/现 在完成进行时 一般过去时 I have written home four times since I came here. 谓语动词 延续性的或反复发生过的动作 非延续性动词 She has been working in this factory since she left school. Since句型 “It is+一段时间+since从 句 ”表示“自从 … … 时候已经多久了” since引导的从句的谓语动词若是延续性动词,常理解为某 一 状态的终止; 若是终止性动词,则理解为某 一 动作的开始。如: ①It is three years since the war broke out. (终止性动词)自战争爆发以来已有三年了。 ②It is three years since I smoked a cigar.(=since I stopped (延续性动词)我不吸烟己有三年了。 4.【Until/Till】 Until 和till都表示“直到”,它们唯一的区别是 till不能置于句首。 肯定句:主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词的肯定式,意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如: He remained there until/till she arrived. You may stay here until/till the rain stops. 否定句:主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如: He won't go to bed till/until she returns. not……until 句型中的强调和倒装用法。如: 直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事。 1. 普通版:I had no idea of it until you told me./I didn't have any idea of it until you told me. 2. 强调句型:It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. 3. 倒装句型: Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until 置于句首,主句 要倒装) tips: 在使用 not…until 句型的时候,倒装和强调不能同时使用。 5.【一…就】 (1)as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute和 the instant 都表示从句的动作已发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”。如: ①The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming. ②The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. (2)no sooner….than...;hardly/scarcely..when.. 也译为“一……就……"”;但其表示 主句的动作一发生,从句的动作随即就发生。如: ①I had hardly got home when it began to rain. ②We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left. 注意: a.此类结构中的时态搭配固定为:主句使用过去完成时,从句使用一般过去时。 b.当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,其所在的主句应用部分倒装语序。则上面的例句变为: ①Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. ②No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. (二)原因状语从句 1.【含义】 在主句中充当原因状语的从句。通常由从属连词because,as,since,now that,in that引导。其中,because与其他连词不同,具体如下:(见下一页) 连词 原因 表示 位置 语气强弱 是否可用于回答提问 是否可用于强调句型 because 对方 不知 因为 主句 前后 强 是 是 as 双方 皆知 众所周知 弱 否 否 since 已成事实 常于主句前 now that 既然,提出新观点 in that 解释说明 2.【例句】 ① Since you feel tired,you should take a good rest. ② As I didn't know the way,I asked a policeman. ③I was absent from the meeting because I was ill. ④ Now that everybody is here,let's begin our meeting. ⑤This book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history. ☆此外,when (等于since 或considering that),seeing(that) (由于,鉴于), considering(that)(考虑到),given(that) (考虑到)也可以表示原因,如: It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes. (三)条件状语从句 1.【连词】 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if,unless,so/as long as,in case,on condition that, suppose/supposing(that),provided that 等。 2.【含义】 (1)if 表示“如果、假如”,引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。如: If you are not too tired,let's go out for a walk. 如果你不太累,我们出去散散步吧。 (2)unless 相当于 if not, 意思是“除非….”“如果不…就…”。如: Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 你如果不累,我们就出去走走吧、 (3)in case 表示“假如”。同时,它还可以引导目的状语从句,表示“以防万一”如: In case there is a fire,what will we do first? 万一发生火灾,我们首先做什么? (4)as long as/so long as 表示“只要”。 如: As long as you don't lose heart,you will win her heart. 只要你不灰心,你就能赢得她的心。 (5)on condition that(条件是),suppose/supposing(that) (假设,如果),provided that (如果)等都可以引导条件状语从句。如: Suppose/supposing(that) they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝我们,我们还能向谁求助呢? (四)目的状语从句 【连词】 引导目的状语从句最常用的是so that(从句谓语常有情态动词),in order that,in case (以防万一),for fear that(以防,以免),lest等。如: ①You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须说得更大声,这样才能让所有人都听到。 ②He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he whould forget it. 他把这个名字写下来,以免忘记。 ③Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多带些衣服,以防天气寒冷。 注意:in order that比so that 更正式,引导的目的状语从句可置于主句前后,而so that只能跟在主句之后。 (五)结果状语从句 【连词】 结果状语从句由so.that… 和 such...that..等引导,意为“如此…以致于 …”,其结构形式为: (1)so+ 形容词/副词 + that 从句 So + 形容词+ a/an+ 可数名词单数形式 + that 从句 So+ many/much/few/little (少)+名词 + that 从句 (2)such+ a/an+ 形容词+可数名词单数形式 + that 从句 such+ 形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词 + that 从句 such+ a lot of/lots of+ 名词 + that 从句 例:他是一个如此诚实的工人,以至于我们都相信他。 ① He is such an honest worker that we all believe him. ②He is so honest a worker that we all believe him. (六)地点状语从句 【连词】 (1)在复合句中充当表示地点的从句。它由从属连词 where,wherever 等引导。从句既 在主句之前(通常为抽象意义)也可在主句之后,意为“在…地方”,“无论在…地方”。 ① Where he had mistakes,he admitted these willingly. ②They followed the taxi wherever it went. (2)有时地点状语还可以由anywhere,everywhere 引导。 ①He would live with his grandmother anywhere she lived. ② Everywhere they lived,they were warmly received. (七) 方式状语从句 【连词】 通常由(just)as,as if,as though引导。 (1)as 从句带有比喻的含义,意思是“正如….”,“就像….”,多用于正式文体。如: Just as we sweep our rooms,we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 就像我们打扫房间一样,我们也应该从脑海中清除旧思想。 (2)as if,as though 两者意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。常译作“仿佛…… 似的”,“好像……似的”。如: ①He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他看起来好像被闪电击中了。 ②It looks as if the weather may pick up(转晴) very soon. (不用虚拟)看来天气可能很快就会转晴。 (3)as if/as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。如: ① He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他盯着我,好像第一次见到我一样。 ②He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,好像要说什么。 ③He acted as if nothing had happened . 他表现得好像什么也没发生过。 (八)让步状语从句 【连词】 让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管…”或“即使… ”,可由 although,though,as,even if(though),however,whatever,whether ...or,no matter who(when,what,...)等引导。 (1)although,though,as 类别 共同点 不同点 although 主句中不能使用 but等转折连词,但可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用 不能倒装 though 可以形式倒装;也可以不倒装 as 须进行形式倒装。 形式倒装:让步从句中表语或状语(名词、形容词、副词、 分词、实义动词)提前,其他语序保持不变。 注:形式倒装中,可数名词单数提前需省略冠词 (2)ever if=even though 即使。如: We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. (3)while 引导让步状语从句时相当于although , 一般要位于句首。如: While I like the color,I don't like the shape. (4)no matter+疑问词=疑问词-ever 含义为“……都…;不管…… ·都……”,所引导的让步状语从句可以互换。如: No matter what happened,he would not mind. =Whatever happened,he would not mind. 【特别注意】(1) whether...o..表示“不论是否……”。可引导让步状语从句,它没有对应的 no matter 形式。如: Whether you believe it or not,it is true. (2)疑问词-ever 既可引导名词性关系从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而 no matter+疑问词只能 引导让步状语从句。如: ① Whatever I said,he wouldn't listen to me. =No matter what I said,he wouldn't listen to me. (让步状语从句) ②He would believe whatever I said. (宾语从句) (九)比较状语从句 【 连 词 】 比较状语从句常用“比较级+than”,“so(as).….as”,“the more ...the more”等引导。 如: ①I have made a lot more mistakes than you have. 我比你犯的错误多得多。 ②He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. 他尽可能地吸昂贵的香烟。 ③ The busier he is,the happier he feels. 他越忙,他就越快乐。 As…as 结构中若想加名词,应为: (1)as+形容词+(名词结构,即冠词+名词)+as (2)as much+不可数名词+as (3)as many+复数名词+as 如: ①She is as good a teacher as her mother. 她和她母亲一样是个好老师。 ②You've made as many mistakes as I have. 你和我一样犯了很多错误。 ③I haven't got as much money as I thought. 我没有我想的那么有钱。 $$

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高考英语专题复习 专题三  状语从句 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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高考英语专题复习 专题三  状语从句 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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高考英语专题复习 专题三  状语从句 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项
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