高考英语专题复习 专题六 完形填空、阅读理解 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

高考英语专题复习 专题六 完形填空、阅读理解 目 录 一、完形填空 3 01.动·名·代 3 ☆动词 3 ☆名词 4 ☆代词 5 02.形容词副词 6 1.程度副词和频率副词 6 2.注意文中表达情感的词汇 6 03.连词 7 04.搭配关系 8 （一）词与词的意义搭配关系 8 （二）词与本句话的关系 9 05.一词多义 10 06.专项训练 11 二、阅读理解 14 01.细节理解题 14 （一）正确选项特征 14 （二）干扰性特征 14 （三）总结 15 02.词义猜测题 16 03.推理判断题 18 04.主旨大意题 19 （一）选帽原则 19 （二）有中心句 20 （三）无明显主题句 20 （四）标志词在哪里 20 （五）错误干扰项选项的特点 21 05.七选五 21 【题目类型】 21 【阅读方法】 22 06.阅读例题 22 专项训练 26 一、完形填空 方法点拨 ☆完型填空方法： 1.上下文语境 2.固定搭配和词语析 3.利用文章中的信息（近义词，反义词和原文重现） 4.文化背景和常识 ☆完型填空特点： 1.首句不设空（有助于了解或推测全文的大意） 2.同一小题的四个选项基本是同一词类，且为同一语法形式。 01.动·名·代 ☆动词 （1）看主谓、动宾搭配 “I'll get the next car's order as well，”she said as she came up to the window to pay.She stood outside， much snow on her hair，Though she was obviously freezing，her bright smile lit up her face like a fire. A.covering B.increasing C.gathering D.falling （2）关注动词的先后 I my memory for a few good seconds，then realized that l had left my precious wallet in the library's public restroom! A.Searched B.improved C.developed D.recorded 答案: （1）C。选择gather是因为文中的女士在外卖宿口站立的时间比较久，因此头发上积了一些雪。本题容易误选A，注意宾语。 （2）A。注意选项与realize之间的先后顺序。 ☆名词 （1）同词复现 In particular，there was（perhaps still is）a belief in fairies.Not all of these are the friendly，people-loving characters that appear in Disney films. A.babies B.believes C.fairies D.supermen （2）近义词复现 I took it from her and opened t to find my beautiful signet ring inside，The family who had bought our house 13 years earlier had recently decided to do some ，which included replacing the carpets. A.housework B.building C.cleaning D.redecorations 答案: （1）C。前文出现了fairies，此空格前these可知就是前文提到过的fairies。 （2）D。根据句意，以及空后的replacing the carpets可知。 ☆代词 注意代词的指代（选项或者文中的代词） At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew about stage design!But I slowly began to respond to her remarks.It was cause and effect:She believed I had opinions，so I began to form them. A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing 02.形容词副词 情感态度 【注意点】 1.程度副词和频率副词 She carried Jimmy's belongings，and the lock of his hair to her son's room.She started placing the model cars and other personal things back in his room where he had always kept them. A.roughly B.exactly C.especially D.possible （Key:B） 2.注意文中表达情感的词汇 But my good record soon became a fear to my well-being.In early June of senior year，the headmaster called me into his office.He asked me to give a leave-taking speech at graduation.I looked at him，my heart beating fast.This was the reward for my hard work?I said something，but not very clearly，and hurried away from the office. I was about the decision，finally agreeing to compromise.I wasn't the only speaker—1 would share the honor with five other students.Still，it was doubtful whether the task was for me.How in the world would I give a speech to hundreds of people? A.doubtful B.optimistic C.generous D.hesitant （Key:D。结合文中表达作者心情的词汇：fear，finally agreeing，等可知作者内心的犹豫。） 03.连词 逻辑关系 【注意点】 只有明确文章结构，了解各段与段之间、句与句之间的逻辑关系，才能加深对文章的理解，从而在空白处填入正确的词语。 【常用的逻辑关系词语】 并列词:and，as well as，both...and，not only...but（also） 选择词:otherwise，either...or 转折词:but，however，while，yet，still，instead，on the other hand，not..but，rather than 让步词:though，although，even if（/even though），as，while，whatever，wherever，whoever，however，no matter...，whether...or 递进词:besides，also，even，moreover，furthermore，what's more，in addition 解释词:that is（to say），in other words 因果词:because，so，since，as，for，thus，therefore，now that，seeing that，considering that，consequently，accordingly，as a result 时间词:before，after，then，when，as，again，finally，since，until，once，the moment（/day/instant/minute/second）every time，no sooner.than，hardly...when，meanwhile，afterward，later 条件词:if，unless，providing（/provided）that，as（/so）long as，on condition that，suppose（/supposing）that，in case，only if，if only 比较词:（not）as..as，not so..as，（not）such..as，（not）the same as，than，in contrast，on the contrary 04.搭配关系 词与词、语与语 （一）词与词的意义搭配关系 ☆词与词之间的搭配要满足两个条件： a.语法条件（完形基本不考语法，所有四个选项词类相同） b.语义搭配（尤其注意主谓或者动宾之间的搭配问题） “I'll get the next car's order as well，”she said as she came up to the window to pay.She stood outside， much snow on her hair.Though she was obviously freezing，her bright smile lit up her face like a fire. A.covering B.increasing C.gathering D.falling （Key:C） ☆选项之间意义区别较大（有从意义搭配解决的可能性） I my memory for a few good seconds，then realized that I had left my precious wallet in the library's public washroom! A.searched B.improved C.developed D.recorded （Key:A） ☆注意：主语宾语是代词，必须弄清指代对象 Before they left，the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object.He it into a long stick and then tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife's jacket. A.made B.lengthened C.brought D.changed （Key:B） （二）词与本句话的关系 尤其要注意转折关系。转折关系，一般用but引导，表示前后互相否定，否定前者得后者，否定后者得前者。 Losing a leg would cause most children to lose ，but Diana refused to think about the negative side. A.memory B.interest C.confidence D.patience （Key:C） 05.一词多义 【注意点】 完型填空当中经常会出现一词多义的情况.平时记单词除了基本含义.还要注意其他含义的积累。 【例一】 To my surprise，I received an"A".I that there must be a mistake. A.hoped B.assumed C.declared D.dreamed 答案：B 【解析】assumed大家常熟悉的含义是“承担，采取，呈现”，在此处的含义为“假定，相信”。 【例二】 I wore different clothes，had different thoughts and spoke with an accent.I struggle for the first few weeks of school.I had no friends，no activities，and no of a bright future. A.memory B.control C.promise D.need 答案：C 【解析】promise大家常熟悉的含义是“承诺，诺言”，在此处的含义为“前途”。 【例三】 All Saturday I waited anxiously and with Sunday arriving，my concern increased，but I knew an enquiry about the box might cause anger or loud voice，for in my house children only asked once.More than that trouble. A.invited B.took C.saved D.had 答案：A 【解析】invite大家常熟悉的含义是“邀请；请求”，在此处的含义为“招致”。 【例四】 Here even the best guide-book. us.One can't find the information about how a town has developed to the present appearance.It may not describe the original design of a town. A.helps B.tricks C.fails D.satisfies 答案：C 【解析】fail大家常熟悉的含义是“失败”，在此处的含义为“辜负；使……失望”。 06.专项训练 Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa.They 1 with them lots of waste.The 2 might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing，changing the 3 of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories，I'm 4 about the place—other destinations are described as"purer"l natural experiences. However，I soon 5 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 6 among tons of rubbish.1 find a 7 mountain，with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 8 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 9 . The best of a Kilimanjaro 10 in my opinion，isn't reaching the top.Mountains are 11 as spiritual places by many cultures.This 12 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 13 go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters，14 lands of low growing plants. Further up， the weather 15 —low clouds envelope the mountain sides，which are covered with thick grass.I 16 twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4，000 meters is the highland 17 :gravel（砾石），stones and rocks.18 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 19 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. Does Kilimanjaro 20 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true. 1.A.keep B.mix C.connect D.bring 2.A.stories B.buildings C.crowds D.reporters 3.A.position B.age C.face D.name 4.A.silent B.skeptical C.serious D.crazy 5.A.discover B.argue C.decide D.advocate 6.A.equipment B.grass C.camps D.stones 7.A.remote B.quiet C.all D.clean 8.A.new B.special C.significant D.necessary 9.A.paying off B.spreading out C.blowing up D.fading away 10.A.atmosphere B.experience C.experiment D.sight 11.A.studied B.observed C.explored D.regarded 12.A.view B.quality C.reason D.purpose 13.A.scientists B.climbers C.locals D.officials 14.A.holding on to B.going back to C.living up to D.giving way to 15.A.changes B.clears C.improves D.permits 16.A.match B.imagine C.count D.add 17.A.village B.desert C.road D.lake 18.A.Obviously B.Easily C.Consequently D.Finally 19.A.permanent B.little C.fresh D.artificial 20.A.enjoy B.deserve C.save D.acquire 答案：1-5 DCBBA 6-10 CDCAB 11-15 DABDA 16-20 CBDAB 二、阅读理解 01.细节理解题 提炼整合忠实原文 【方法概述】 （一）正确选项特征 ·不一定是原文原句，更多的是对原文的提炼。 ·对原文句子中的关键词进行近义表达与同义替换； ·词性或者语态的变化； ·语言简化； ·正话反说； （二）干扰性特征 ·将原文内容扩大或缩小 文章为了表达得准确严密，很注意对范围的限定。有的是通过加上相应的词语限制，如涉及到数量时常用many，almost all，nearly，more than，over，only a few，normally等限制，有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语，甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。 ·把未然当已然 ·无中生有：文中未提及 ·偷换概念：命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。 ·文不对题：符合本文，但是与本题无关；符合实际逻辑，但是与本题无关。 ·正误并存：某个句子或词语是正确的，其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借此以假乱真。要排除这类干扰项，只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面，都属排除的干扰项。 （三）总结 （1）带着问题直接找答案，到原文快速搜索相关信息，对信息进行处理。 （2）对于综合细节题有时不能只靠文中某一处信息来判断，而是需要整合多处细节信息，然后进行综合分析。 （3）忌主观臆断：所有阅读题的答案均来源于文章，有迹可循。 （4）不要一看到相同的词出现就急于选答案，很有可能是陷阱。 02.词义猜测题 词根前缀后缀对比关联上下文生活常识 【方法概述】 （一）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义 在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号，可以根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。 例：如：The herdsman，who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。 （二）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。 例：Though Tom's face has been washed quite clean，his neck still remains grubby.和clean意思相对的便是“肮脏的”了，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的” （三）通过因果关系猜测词义 because，since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词，so.that与such..that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。 例：She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意。 （四）根据生活常识猜测词义 运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识，再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。例：Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 根据句子意思及生活经验，wither表示“枯萎”。 （五）根据同等关系猜测词义 同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。 例：At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy，可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。 （六）根据列举的事例猜测词义 例：You can take any of the periodicals:"The World of English”?“Foreign Language Teaching in Schools”，or“English Learning”. 从后面列举的例子中，可以猜出periodical是“期刊，杂志”的意思。 （七）根据构词法知识猜测词义 根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。 例：The vehicles have sensors that"can detect objects out to a distance of more than two football fields in all directions，which is especially helpful on busy streets with lots of intersections." “inter”在…之间，相互，section部分，再结合上下文语境，可以推出来该词表示“十字路口”。 03.推理判断题 忠实原文关键词。一个原则：忠实原文，推断得出。 正确答案一定要在文中找到依据或理由，做到判断有据，推论有理，防止过度推导。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，文章中直接陈述的内容也不能选。 两种推断：细节推断和整体推断。 三个关键词：imply，infer，learn from （1）充分了解信息，准确把握作者观点，切忌主观臆断，用自己的观点取代作者的观点。 （2）找文中带有感情色彩的名词、动词、形容词和副词，根据作者使用词语的褒贬来判断作者的态度。 （3）根据作者举的例子进行判断。作者在文章中会通过举例来论证观点，因此结合例子内容往往可以推断作者所持态度或观点。 【常见选项词】 （1）“好的”的态度：optimistic乐观的、welcoming欢迎的、approving赞同的、supportive支持的、interested感兴趣的 （2）“中立”的态度:objective客观的、cautious谨慎的、neutral中立的 （3）“不好”的态度:disapproving不赞同的、skeptical怀疑的、defensive戒备的、ambiguous引起歧义的，模糊不清的、negative否定的，消极的、worried担心的、hesitant犹豫不决的、puzzled迷惑的、opposed反对的、critical批评的、pessimistic悲观的。我们有时也会在选项中看到这些词汇:unconcerned，uninterested，indifferent（不关心/无所谓），impartial（不偏袒的），contradictory（矛盾的）;但它们通常为“打酱油”选项。 04.主旨大意题 （一）选帽原则 （1）标题可以是单词短语，也可以是高度概括了文章内容，明文章主题，它是文章心思想最精练的表达形式标题要有概括性、全面性、针对性。标题要避免概括不够，即以部分代整体，或以事实细节代替具体的大意;也雩燮籴熜榱砝瘩;霞腾.文本内容的过度发挥导致标题范围太大，缺乏针对性。 （2）此外还可以通过文体的角度来思考标题，说明文通常以说明对家以及其特点为标题。 议论文通常以论点为标题。记叙文可以从两个角度思考：一是看文章是否有把长月个物品或者文字对作者生大的影响，二是看主人公的特点。 （二）有中心句 中心句一般会出现在三个地方：首段开头、首段转折词之后、第二段（第一段为了引出中心）、是否是中心句，最后要通过通读首尾段确认。 （三）无明显主题句 一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，通过全文或段落的首尾句抓高频词，提取文中出现的中心词和中心意思。 （四）标志词在哪里 文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如： ①关注一些表强调转折关系的连词but，yet，however，in fact，indeed等； ②关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：on the whole，in brief/short，above all，after all，all in all，in conclusion，in a word，in short，as a result，therefore，thus等； ③如果主题句有show，indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。 （五）错误干扰项选项的特点 ①以偏概全。只是文中某个具体事实或细节，或是一句没有展开论述的评论。 ②主观臆断。读者根据自己的常识或从文中某些（不完全）的信息片面推出的结论而忽视了作者的见解。 ③无关信息。既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息。 05.七选五 【题目类型】 七选五属于信息匹配的一种形式，主要有主旨题、逻辑关系题和例证题。 （1）主旨题多置于段首或段末，要求快速准确地把握整个段落的主题。 （2）逻辑关系题多置于句与句或段与段之间，要求快速抓住上下文的关键词和关联词，准确把握上下文的因果、条件或假设等逻辑关系。 （3）例证题多置于总结说明性的话之前或之后，要求把握结论性语言和例证性语言的逻辑关系。 【阅读方法】 （1）聚焦 一篇文章有很多信息，学生要抛开冗余信息，把注意力集中在有效信息上，这样既可以提高阅读速度，又能增强理解程度。 （2）预测 预测是读者对词、词组和句子所蕴含的意义及后面的内容的古计。所以，七选五的标题不能忽视，通过标题预测文章大意或作者观点。吊外，至始至终理解、描测作者的意图。 （3）推断 正确理解语言，对已知的事实作出合乎逻辑的联想，对作者希望表达但未作出明确表达的意思作出正确推理。推断不是离开原文的臆断，不能把自己臆想强加给作者。 （4）调节 在理解过程中，一旦发现错误，一定要调整阅读目标，按照正确的思路扭转之前的想法。 06.阅读例题 Flying down a mountain at high speed is exciting.Being surrounded by beautiful，snow-covered scenery is peaceful.It is not difficult to see why skiing is such a popular sport. Introduced to China just a few years ago，skiing has increased in popularity among sport lovers，including some high school students.Yi Dan，a senior high school student in Beijing，is planning to go to Harbin with her family and friends to ski over the coming winter holidays."My father taught me to ski when I was 12.Since then I did it every winter，"she said."I really like the feeling when you're gliding down the mountain.It is like flying." While skiing today gives people a lot of pleasure and excitement，it was not invented for that reason.Skiing was started by people who enjoyed the feeling of pain. Modern downhill skiing was invented in 1643，by a Swiss named Phlogiston.As a member of a small group of masochists，Phlogiston was not satisfied by common self-harm activities，such as eating glass.After thinking over the matter for some time，he finally announced to his friends that he had found a solution."It seems to me，"he announced with a touch of pride，"that if we attached long pieces of wood to our feet，and hurled （掷）ourselves down snowy mountain slopes，we could really do ourselves some serious damage." Phlogiston went to the village blacksmith，who attached two pieces of wood to his feet.With this equipment，he managed to glide down a mountain before jumping into a valley never to be seen again.The success of the sport was assured. Modern skiing has improved greatly on Phlogiston's original idea.People say that a distant cousin of Phlogiston was the first to realize that skiing could be made into a business.From a suicidal act，skiing became a sport，and from a sport，it became an industry. （1）What is the text mainly about? A.Skiing's origin. B.Skiing's popularity. C.Skiing's future. D.Skiing's benefits. （2）We can learn from the text that skiing A.was invented in the 16th century B.was introduced to China not long ago C.was invented for pleasure and excitement D.is enjoyed most in China （3）It can be inferred from the text that Phlogiston A.made skiing into a business B.put his idea into practice with friends' help C.came up with the idea suddenly D.hated having a peaceful life （4）The underlined word"suicidal"in the last paragraph probably means A.self-killing B.creative C.self-taught D.helpful 【答案】ABDA 【解析】 （1）主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了滑雪这项运动的由来，现代下坡滑雪是由瑞士人Phlogiston于1643年发明的，由自残活动变成了一项体育运动。故选A。 （2）细节理解题。根据第二段句子：Introduced to China just a few years ago，skiing has increased in popularity among sport lovers.滑雪运动几年前才传入中国，在体育爱好者中受欢迎。故选B。 （3）推理判断题。根据第四段句子：As a member of a small group of masochists，Phlogiston was not satisfied by common self-harm activities，such as eating glass.作为一小群受虐狂中的一员，Phlogiston并不满足于一般的自残活动，比如吃玻璃，可以推断出他不喜欢平静的生活。故选D。 （4）词义猜测题。根据前一段的句子：With this equipment，he managed to glide down a mountain before jumping into a valley never to be seen again.用这种设备，他成功地滑下一座山，然后跳进一个山谷，再也看不见了，这种第一次的行为简直就是一种自杀行为，可以猜测self-killing是自杀的意思。故选A. 专项训练 Mary went through a personal experience 40 years ago that changed her life path and established her connection with Chinese herbal medicine. Still childless after 13 years of marriage，Mary longed to become a mother.For years she travelled from country to country and visited top experts in the field，but without success. 1 However，her Chinese herbalist grandmother gave her hope through a herbal treatment. After three and a half years she became pregnant.2 The expectant mother's delight was shared by the rest of her family too.This was the point when she made up her mind to carry on her grandmother's work and devote her life to herbal medicine research，development and promotion.To this end，she invested in a large herbal garden in the suburbs of Jakarta，where more than 30，000 plants are grown.3 Through the application of great effort and resources over many，many years，Mary's career has developed vigorously，as has her garden.4 When she was asked whether it was worthwhile to have devoted so much of her life to this research，she firmly responded，"What I have done is to fulfill a promise I once made.More importantly，I want to bring Chinese herbal medicine to all those in need.5 " A.More than 7,000 of these can be used as medicines. B.The moment the news was confirmed，she burst into tears of happiness. C.I believe it can help relieve pain and enable the sick to regain their hope of life. D.Mary decided to make great contributions to the development of Chinese medicine. E.The heartbreak and disappointment was so great that she came close to giving up. F.I'm so happy that the local people like to use Chinese medicine for treatment. G.Although she is now 80 years old，she is still committed to the study of Chinese herbal medicine. 【答案】EBAGC 【解析】 1.上文讲述Mary遍寻名医无果，后文提到她做中医的祖母通过中医治疗给了她希望。为前后衔接紧密，空处表示她几乎要放弃全部希望。选E。 2.前文讲述经过三年半，她终于怀孕了，后文写他们亲戚们也都很高兴，因此空处应该表示Mary本人的反映，选B。 3.此处讲述Mary开始投资草药种植园，讲述规模，其后应该还是讲述种植园的相关信息，选A。 4.前文讲述她的草药种植事业成功，后文提到她认为这一切都值得，可见她对这项事业的热情，G讲述她虽然年纪大了但还是投身于中医学习。符合前后语境，选G。 5.根据Mary的话，她希望能够把中医带给需要的人们，C项表示中医能为人们减轻痛苦，带来生活的希望，与前文衔接紧密，选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$