课时梯级训练(2)Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word练习)-【优化指导】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

课时梯级训练(二)　Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The reason why he was fired was that he was careless and irresponsible. 2．My suggestion is that we (should)_go(go) to hospital at once. 3．She looked as if she were(be) ten years younger. 4．The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn. 5．But our plan is that these girls will apply what they learn to other girls through the power of their voice. 6．This is where many people fall short: You should wash your hands for at least 20 seconds. 7．Taking a gap year before you move into further education gives you time to reflect on whether the university is right for you. 8．Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell when you may be close to victory. 9．This is what my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 10．By boat is the only way to get here，which is how we arrived. Ⅱ.用本单元所学知识完成句子 1．昨天她就是在那里洒了一杯葡萄汁。 That was where_she_spilled_a_glass_of_grape_juice yesterday. 2．看起来天要下雪。 It looks as_if_it_is_going_to_snow． 3．这可能是因为他太年轻了。 It may be because_he_is_too_young． 4．我的看法是你应该好好利用你的时间。 My idea is that_you_should_make_good_use_of_your_time． 5．他已经变成十年前他想成为的样子。 He has become what_he_wanted_to_be_ten_years_ago． 6．问题在于我们能不能在明天晚上完成这项工作。 The question is whether_we_can_finish_the_work_tomorrow_evening． 7．问题是我们怎样才能找到一个适合这项工作的人。 The question is how_we_can_find_a_suitable_man_for_the_job． 8．这就是她昨天请了一天假的原因。 This is why_she_had_a_day_off_yesterday． 9．就在那时，汤姆决定报答彼得的好意。 That was when_Tom_decided_to_repay_Peter's_kindness． Ⅲ.阅读理解 (2025·台州高二检测)Here are the introductions and achievements of four scientists. Jöns Jacob Berzelius Jöns Jacob Berzelius was a Swedish chemist，often referred to as one of the founders of modern chemistry.He developed a system of chemical symbols，which laid the foundation for the establishment of the modern periodic table.Berzelius also made important discoveries in the field of electrochemistry. Niels Henrik David Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist.He proposed the atomic(原子的) model known as the Bohr model，which explained the behavior of electrons moving in fixed energy levels or orbits around the atomic nucleus.His model helped explain the spectra of elements and laid the groundwork for further developments in atomic physics. Robert Boyle Robert Boyle，born in Ireland，was regarded as one of the founders of modern chemistry，known for Boyle's law.Boyle's law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume(体积) of a gas at constant temperature.Boyle's work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of gas behavior and promoted the development of scientific experimental methods. William Lawrence Bragg William Lawrence Bragg was a British physicist born in Australia who made significant contributions to X­ray crystallography(晶体学).Together with his father William Henry Bragg，he developed the famous Bragg's law.This discovery revolutionized the field of crystallography and paved the way for determining the atomic and molecular structures of various substances，including DNA and proteins. 1．What do we know about Jöns Jacob Berzelius? A．He invented a new chemical substance. B．He established the modern periodic table. C．He was referred to as a founder of modern physics. D．He made important achievements in the field of electrochemistry. 2．Who was born in Ireland? A．Jöns Jacob Berzelius. B．Niels Henrik David Bohr. C．Robert Boyle. D．William Lawrence Bragg. 3．What do Niels Henrik David Bohr and William Lawrence Bragg have in common? A．They were born in Denmark. B．They made a contribution to physics. C．They discovered new models for chemistry. D．They did research together with their family. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四位科学家和他们的成就。 1．D　[解析]细节理解题。根据Jöns Jacob Berzelius部分内容可知，Jöns Jacob Berzelius是一位瑞典化学家，通常被认为是现代化学的奠基人之一。Berzelius在电化学领域也有重要发现。因此，他在电化学方面有了重要发现。故选D。 2．C　[解析]细节理解题。根据Robert Boyle部分内容可知，Robert Boyle出生于爱尔兰，被认为是现代化学的奠基人之一，以波义耳定律而闻名。因此，Robert Boyle出生在爱尔兰。故选C。 3．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据Niels Henrik David Bohr部分内容可知，他的模型有助于解释元素的光谱，并为原子物理学的进一步发展奠定了基础。根据最后一段可知，William Lawrence Bragg是一位出生于澳大利亚的英国物理学家，他与父亲一起提出了著名的布拉格定律，对X射线晶体学作出了重大贡献。这一发现彻底改变了晶体学领域，为确定包括DNA和蛋白质在内的各种物质的原子和分子结构铺平了道路。由此可知，他们都在物理学领域作出了贡献。故选B。 Ⅳ.七选五阅读 Cecilia Payne was born in England to highly successful parents.Her father was a fellow of Oxford University，and her mother was a talented artist.She showed a great talent for music.1.______ However，it was science that stole her heart.Her mother had told her of a bee orchid，a plant that resembled(类似) a bumblebee，and upon discovering this Payne's mind was set on pursuing a career in science. As a young adult she won herself a scholarship to study at the University of Cambridge's Newnham College，where she began studying botany，chemistry and physics.2.______ After one lecture given by Arthur Eddington on the general theory of relativity，Payne lost sleep thinking about its meaning.Her destiny(命运) had been set，and for the rest of her undergraduate years she majored in physics and became absorbed in astronomy，her true love. 3．______ She went there to work with Harlow Shapley and Princeton's Henry Norris Russell，two of the most notable researchers in her field at the time.In just two years，Payne completed her PhD essay on the chemical composition of the stars.Her results proved groundbreaking: the Sun was made up mainly of hydrogen and helium.But Russell disagreed with her findings as they conflicted with the accepted theories of the day.4.______ He reached the same conclusion as Payne by different means. Payne remained at Harvard for the rest of her academic career and grew into a huge success story.In the mid­1950s she made history again by becoming the first woman in her department to be promoted to a professorship.She died of lung cancer in 1979.5.______ A．It was here that she met the superstars of physics. B．She would later go on to become a skilled pianist. C．It changed the way astronomers understood the universe. D．Payne gave up her studies under the pressure from Russell. E．However，Russell stated her findings were correct four years later. F．After completing her studies in the UK，Payne set sail for Harvard. G．Now，she is remembered as one of astronomy's most inspirational women. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天文学家塞西莉亚·佩恩的经历和她在天文学上取得的成就：首次提出恒星主要由氢和氦组成。 1．B　[解析]根据上文“She showed a great talent for music.”可知，她在音乐上有天赋，未来可能会有所成就。选项B“她之后本可以成为一名技艺精湛的钢琴家”与上文一致。故选B。 2．A　[解析]根据下文“After one lecture given by Arthur Eddington on the general theory of relativity，Payne lost sleep thinking about its meaning.”可知，她开始对物理感兴趣。选项A“正是在这里，她遇到了物理学的大师”与下文一致。故选A。 3．F　[解析]根据下文“She went there to work with Harlow Shapley and Princeton's Henry Norris Russell，two of the most notable researchers in her field at the time.”以及最后一段中的“Payne remained at Harvard for the rest of her academic career and grew into a huge success story.”可知，佩恩是去了哈佛大学。选项F“在英国完成学业后，佩恩前往哈佛大学求学”符合语境。故选F。 4．E　[解析]根据下文“He reached the same conclusion as Payne by different means.”可推断出，佩恩的结论是正确的。选项E“然而，罗素在四年后表示她的发现是正确的”与下文一致。故选E。 5．G　[解析]根据上文“In the mid­1950s she made history again by becoming the first woman in her department to be promoted to a professorship.”以及第三段中的“Her results proved groundbreaking: the Sun was made up mainly of hydrogen and helium.”可知，佩恩在天文学方面取得了重大成就。选项G“现在，她作为天文学上最鼓舞人心的女性之一被人铭记”是给予她的高度评价。故选G。 Ⅴ.语法填空 Aircraft designer Gu Songfen and nuclear expert Wang Dazhong 1.__________(award) the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award，China's top science award in 2021. They received the prize for their outstanding contributions to 2.__________(science) and technological innovation during the National Science and Technology Award Conference at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Born in 1930，Gu is a renowned aircraft designer，founder of aircraft aerodynamic (空气动力学的) design and an aviation strategy scientist.From 1961 to 1986，he served 3.__________ chief designer and director of the Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute，4.__________ is part of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China. He established the 5.__________ (country) aircraft aerodynamic design system，pioneered the independent development of fighter aircraft，6.__________ continued to carry out aviation strategic research，making a significant contribution to China's aviation science and technology. Born in 1935，Wang is a 7.__________(distinguish) scholar and strategic scientist in international nuclear energy.He 8.__________(commit) to developing advanced nuclear energy systems with inherent safety features since he worked. 9．__________ impresses the nation is that he has helped China make great progress in the development of high­temperature gas­cooled reactor technology，10.__________(lay) an important foundation for the country to step into the forefront globally in the field of advanced nuclear energy. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了飞机设计师顾诵芬和核专家王大中的事迹。他们获得了国家最高科学技术奖。 1．were awarded　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，award在句中作谓语，根据in 2021可知，时态为一般过去时，主语Gu Songfen and Wang Dazhong与谓语award之间为被动关系且为复数。 故填were awarded。 2．scientific　[解析]考查形容词。空处和technological是两个并列定语，修饰名词innovation。故填scientific。 3．as　[解析]考查固定搭配。 serve as为固定短语，意为“担任，作为”。故填as。 4．which　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。空处引导非限制性定语从句且从句缺乏主语，先行词是Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute，为物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 5．country's　[解析]考查名词所有格。根据语境可知，country和空后的名词design system为所属关系，因此要用名词所有格。故填country's。 6．and　[解析]考查连词。结合句意并分析句子成分可知，动词established、pioneered和continued为并列谓语，因此continued前需要一个并列连接词来连接。故填and。 7．distinguished　[解析]考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，名词前要用形容词来修饰。故填distinguished。 8．has been committed　[解析]考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，commit作谓语，since引导从句时，主句要用现在完成时。be committed to为固定短语，意为“致力于”，且主语为单数。故填has been committed。 9．What　[解析]考查主语从句的引导词。分析句子成分可知，空处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺乏主语且指物，需要连接代词what来引导，置于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 10．laying　[解析]考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语，因此所给动词lay要作非谓语且与逻辑主语是主动关系。故填laying。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$