Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(Word教参)-【优化指导】2026-2027学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态 [对应学生用书P80] [观察] 1．Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes. 2．When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. 3．A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend，and finally，we found it. 4．Tired，hungry，and not knowing a word of Chinese，we had no idea how to order，so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. [探究] 1．以上句子中黑体部分所用的时态都是过去完成时。 2．句2和句4中黑体部分使用的是过去完成时的主动语态，其基本结构是“had＋过去分词”。 3．句1和句3中黑体部分使用的是过去完成时的被动语态，其基本结构是“had＋been＋过去分词”。 1．什么是过去完成时及其被动语态？ 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时的被动形式。, 2．过去完成时与一般过去时有何区别？ 过去完成时：在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去。一般过去时：过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。, 一、过去完成时及其被动语态 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。谓语动词由“had＋过去分词”构成，其被动语态由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。 (一)过去完成时及其被动语态的基本结构 [感知] 1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When I finally finished it，the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. 当我终于写完时，获胜的念头已经被写作的乐趣所取代。 2．Tom had not eaten his supper in the canteen before he went back home. 汤姆还没在食堂吃晚饭就回家了。 3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Due to a big storm，my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. 由于一场暴风雨，我乘坐的航班延误了一个半小时。 4．The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. 这个小男孩被提醒他的作业还没有交。 5．Had he finished his homework by the time you got here? 你来的时候他已经做完作业了吗？ 6．Why had The Castle become a memory of generation? 为什么《城堡》会成为一代人的记忆？ [探究] 1．句1、2分别是过去完成时的肯定句和否定句。 2．句3、4分别是过去完成时的被动语态的肯定句和否定句。 3．句5是过去完成时的一般疑问句结构。 4．句6是过去完成时的特殊疑问句结构。 [归纳] 过去完成时 主动语态 被动语态 肯定形式 had done had been done 否定形式 had not done had not been done 一般疑问句 Had＋主语＋done ...？ Had＋主语＋been done ...？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词＋had＋主语＋done ...？ 疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done ...？ [即练] 　按要求改写句子 1．The movie had been on for half an hour when we got to the cinema. →The_movie_had_not_been_on_for_half_an_hour_when_we_got_to_the_cinema.(否定句) →Had_the_movie_been_on_for_half_an_hour_when_we_got_to_the_cinema？(一般疑问句) →How_long_had_the_movie_been_on_when_we_got_to_the_cinema？(特殊疑问句，对加黑部分提问) 2．The house had been picked up by the hurricane before they took measures. →Had_the_house_been_picked_up_by_the_hurricane_before_they_took_measures？(一般疑问句) →What_had_been_picked_up_by_the_hurricane_before_they_took_measures？(特殊疑问句，对加黑部分提问) (二)过去完成时及其被动语态的基本用法 [感知] [组1] 1．By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张从飞船发来的图片。 2．The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师来之前教室还未打扫。 [组2] 1．I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公共汽车终于来到的时候，我已经在车站等了20分钟。 2．It was reported that more than 3，000 people had been killed since the disease broke out. 据报道，自从疾病暴发以来，已经有3 000多人丧生。 [组3] 1．Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的一个好朋友。 2．They became homeless again，for their house had been destroyed in the earthquake. 他们又一次无家可归了，因为他们的房子在地震中被毁掉了。 [组4] 1．I returned the book that I had borrowed from the library. 我已经归还了我从图书馆借的书。 2．She was very pleased with the dessert that had been made by her grandmother. 她对外婆做的甜点很满意。 [组5] 1．I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一个星期前就把信寄出去了。 2．However，a few days later，he was told that a mistake had been made. 然而，几天之后，他被告知犯了一个错误。 [组6] 1．When I woke up，it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已经停了。 2．The bus had left when I got to the bus stop. 我到车站时，公共汽车已经开走了。 [探究] [组1] 句1中By nine o'clock和句2中before 引导的时间状语从句都表示过去；过去完成时表示动作在该过去时间或动作之前已经发生或完成。 [组2] 句1中for 20 minutes和句2中since引导的时间状语从句表示动作的延续；过去完成时表示从过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。 [组3] 前一句均叙述过去发生的事情，随后用过去完成时补述该事件之前发生的动作。 [组4] 主句用一般过去时叙述过去发生的事情，定语从句用过去完成时，叙述比主句动作先发生的动作。 [组5] 句中主句谓语动词thought和was told后的宾语从句中用过去完成时，叙述比主句动作先发生的动作。 [组6] 主句用过去完成时，表示动作发生在状语从句中过去发生的动作之前。 [归纳] 1．过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。可以用by、before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可以通过上下文来表示。 2．过去完成时也可以表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for、since引导的时间状语连用。 3．叙述在过去的过去发生的事情。在已叙述过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 4．在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 5．过去完成时常常用在told、said、knew、heard、thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 6．状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 [即练] 　单句填空/完成句子 1．When I called the waiter to settle the bill，the waiter came to tell us our meal had_been_paid(pay) for. 2．(2022·全国乙卷)Soon，however，they realized what they had_undertaken(undertake). 3．I had_been_taught(teach)that money couldn't buy everything ever since I was a little kid. 4．He refused to comment before he had_seen(see) all the relevant information. 5．他称这个湖区是少数几个没有被现代旅游业破坏的荒野之地中的一个。 He described the lake area as one of the few places of wildness that_had_not_been_ruined by modern tourism. (三)过去完成时及其被动语态的特殊用法 [感知] [组1] 1．They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 2．We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你。 [组2] 1．Hardly had he begun to speak when he was interrupted by the audience. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 2．It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 那是他那一年第三次失业了。 [探究] [组1] 句中过去完成时had wanted和had hoped表示过去未曾实现的想法和希望。 [组2] 过去完成时可以用在固定句型“hardly ...when ...”和“It was the first (second，etc.) time (that) ...”中。 [归纳] 1．动词think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 2．过去完成时还可用在“hardly ...when ...”“no sooner ...than ...”“It was the first (second，etc.) time (that) ...”等固定句型中。“hardly ...when ...”表示“一……就……”，主句常用过去完成时；“It was the first (second，etc.) time (that) ...”表示“这是某人第一(二，等等)次做某事”，从句常用过去完成时。 [即练] 　单句填空/一句多译 1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had_decided(decide) to join the cross-country team. 2．He had been missing his parents and the dog since it was the first time that he had_been(be) away from home for such a long time. 3．The money was exactly what we had_intended(intend) to raise that day. 4．She had_planned(plan) to cook him a nice meal and then surprise him with the new mountain bike she'd bought for him. 5．他们一到家，就拼命地问爷爷鸟在哪里。 →No_sooner_had_they_arrived_home_than they desperately asked their grandpa where the bird was. →Hardly_had_they_arrived_home_when they desperately asked their grandpa where the bird was. 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 [感知] 1．They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 昨天10点前他们已经到达了车站。 2．They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 他们昨天10点到达了车站。 3．She and the whole family were very happy.She had just won first prize in the composition competition. 她和全家人都非常高兴。她刚刚在作文比赛中获得了一等奖。 4．He entered the room，turned on the light and began to read an evening paper. 他进入房间，打开灯，然后开始阅读一份晚报。 [探究] 1．句1用过去完成时，时间状语是by_ten_yesterday；句2用一般过去时，时间状语是at_ten_yesterday。 2．句3中有多个谓语动词，had won这一动作先于were发生；句4中有多个谓语动词，用一般过去时表示发生的一系列动作。 [归纳] 时态 结构 用法 一般过去时 主动：did/was/were 动作发生在过去的某个特定时间 被动：was/were done 过去完成时 主动：had done 动作发生在过去的某个时间或动作之前，强调“过去的过去” 被动：had been done [即练] 　单句填空/完成句子 1．Then，30 minutes into the most difficult hike the three of us had ever done，Riley slipped (slip) and landed on her knee. 2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved(evolve) around 300，000 years ago. 3．By then，the audience had_expanded(expand) from Granny to Ali's whole family，all of whom gave(give) thunderous applause to the carefully staged shows. 4．At dusk，when the farm was finally quiet，Aunt Letty came up to me，stretched(stretch) her arms out and said，“Just take a deep breath of the sweet country air！” 5．那天晚上，本看着那只鸟，祈祷它没有受伤。 That night，Ben watched_the_bird，praying it had_not_been_hurt． A cow and a fox went out to search for food together.They 1.had_gone(go) only a few miles before they saw a lion coming their way.They were both very frightened.The fox 2.thought(think) of a way of saving his own life，and went up to the lion and said in his ear，“I 3.will_help(help) you get hold of the cow without the trouble of hunting him，if you let me go free.” The lion 4.agreed(agree)，and the fox then led the cow by a hidden pit(坑)，which a hunter 5.had_dug(dig) as a trap for wild animals，and the cow 6.fell(fall) into it.When the lion saw that the cow 7.had_been_caught(catch) and couldn't get away，he 8.turned(turn) his attention to the fox.He soon finished him off，and then 9.went(go) on to eat the cow. Betray a friend，and you'll often find you 10.have_destroyed(destroy) yourself. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$